^hi hanh fitidfi. LiM Stf 2 ( 2 9 9 ) - 2 0 1 7
TAC DONG CUA HOAT DONG XET XUr LUU DONG VU AN HINH SIT DOI V0I Dl CAO VA CONG DONG XA HOI
I ThS.LS. DANG VAN ClfaNG *
Tdm tdt: Hien nay, xet xu luu dgng dang duac xem Id mgt trong nhOng bi^n phdp hi^u qud de tuyen truyen, pho bien, gido due phdp lugt cho dong ddo qudn chung nhdn ddn. Tuy nhien, trong mgt Nhd nude phdp quyen md chung la dang huang tdi - mgt Nhd nuac md lu do vd phdm gid con nguai cho dii hg Id ngudi bi bugc lgi, du^c dua len hdng ddu thi cd lephdi dgt ra vdn de nen hay khong nen duy tri cdc phien tda xet xir luu dgng vy dn hinh su.
Abstract: At present, mobile hearing is considered one of effective methods to legal propaganda, dissemination, education of people's mass. In a rule of law state which we are directed forward - a slale in which freedom and dignity of humans shall be placed at the lop, whenever he/she is accused. However, a question should be raised, whether or not lo maintain mobile hearing criminal cases
1. X^t xir lull dpng vu dn hinh sy d Vipt Nam, nhin tu gde dp ly lu|n
Hipn nay, tu Hien phdp den cdc vdn ban phdp lugt nhu Bp lugt Td tyng hinh sy, Lugt Td ehirc Tda an nhdn ddn... den cdc van bdn phdp ludt khde ed lien quan van chua dua ra mpt khdi nipm ey thi vl
"x^t xii luu dpng vy dn hinh su". Phdp lugt cung chua cd vdn bdn quy djnh cu the vl hinh ty, thu hic xet xir luu dpng vy dn hinh sy, ehua dua ra cdc tieu chi de thyc hien hogt ddng xet xii luu ddng vy dn hinh sy... Tuy nhien, thye te hogt dpng xet xu luu dpng van tiiudng xuyen dien ra nhu mpt hogt dpng tiiudng ky ciia Tda dn vdi mye dich di tuyen huyen, phd biln, giao dye phdp lugt (PBGDPL).
Xet xu so thdm vy an hinh sy Id mpt giai doan td tyng hinh sy (TTHS), dien ra sau ede giai dogn khdi td, dieu tra, truy td. Giai dogn xet xii so tiidm Id giai dogn thu tu vd cuoi cung, trung tdm va
quan hpng nhdt ciia hogt dgng TTHS, md hong d6 cap Tda dn cd thdm quyen cdn cu vdo cdc quy djnh cua phap lugt TTHS tien hdnh: "Ap dyng cdc bjpn phdp chudn bj cho vipe xdt xii; dua vy an hinh sy ra xet xu theo thu h^c so tham de xem xet vl thye chat vy an, dong thdi, hdn eo sd ket qud hanh tyng edng khai va dan ehii ciia hai ben phdn x^t v l vdn dl thih chdt tpi phgm eua hdnh vi, ed tgi eiia bj cdo vd eudi ciing, tuyen bdn dn ciia Tda an cd hi^u lyc phdp M t nhdm gidi quyet van de hdch nhipm hinh sy ra0t edch cdng minh vd diing phdp lugt, cd edn cii vd dam bdo sire thuylt phyc".
Dilu 257, Dilu 423 Bp lugt To hing hinh sy ndm 2015 cd quy djnh ehung ve phdng xir dn till hipn: "Phdng xii dn phdi dugc bo tri thi hipn sy hang nghiem, an todn, bdo ddm sy binh ddng giQa ngudi thye hdnh quyen cdng td va lugt su, ngudi bdo eh&a khdc". Ddi vdi vipc xdt xii ngudi dudi 18
I Ddn chCi & Phdp ludt
* Van phdng Lugt su Chinh Phdp^hi hank phdp. ludi 36 2 (299)-2017
mdi, khodn 4 Dilu 423 Bp ludt Td tyng hinh sy ndm 2015 quy djnh: "Phdng xii dn dugc bd tri thdn thipn, phii hgp vdi ngudi dudi 18 mdi". Thdng tu sd 01/2014 TT-CA ngdy 28/4/2014 cua Chdnh dn Tda dn nhan dan tdi eao ban hdnh ngi quy phien tda ed quy djnh: "Phien tda duge td chuc tgi phdng xu dn d try sd Tda an bode d noi xet xii lim ddng ngodi try sd Tda dn (ggi chung Id phdng xu an)". De trien khai tiiyc hipn Bd luat To tyng hinh su ndm 2015, ngdy 01/4/2016, Chdnh dn Tda dn nhdn dan tdi cao da ed Cdng vdn sd 88/TANDTC-PC vl vipc hiln khai thye hi§n md hinh phdng xu dn quy djnh ve vj tri ciia nhihig ngudi tien hdnh td hmg, ngudi tham gia td tyng hong phien tda hmh sy. Tuy nhien, cde v ^ ban phdp lugt nay eiing ehua cd quy djnh chi tiet, ey the v l phdng xu dn hong xdt xii luu dgng vy dn hinh sy, trinh ty, thii h>c xet xir luu dpng vy dn hinh sy eung nhu ede tieu ehi khi xet xu luu dpng vy dn hinh sy, nhung thyc tien phien tda xet xii luu dpng vy dn hinh sy van thudng xuyen dien ra.
Den nay ciing chua ed khai ru$m ve "phidn tda xet xu luu dgng vy dn hinh sy", nhung cd the hieu phien tda xet xir luu dgng vu dn hinh sy la \ipc Tda dn x6t xu edng khai vy dn hinh sy tai mpt dja diem cdng epng nhu try sd Uy ban nhdn ddn, trudng hgc, sdn vgn dgng... noi vy dn xdy ra, nai phdt sinh mau thuin bode noi eu tni cua bj cdo... ehu khdng phdi Id td ehiic d dja diem x^t xir thudng xuyen Id tgi phdng xu an bd tri tgi try sd Tda dn. Ben egnh dd, quy djnh ve trinh ty, thu tye td tyng eiia vy dn hinh sy x^t xii luu dpng cung gidng nhu cdc phien tda hinh sy binh thudng tiieo quy djnh ciia Bp lugt Td tyng hinh sy. Ket qua xet xir, bj cdo bj x^t xu bdng phi§n tda luu dgng van phai chju ti4eh nhipm hmh sy theo quy djnh ciia phdp lugt neu hp cd tgi, dugc ghi nhdn trong ban an.
Bp lugt Td tyng hinh sy ndm 2003, Bp lugt Td tyng hinh sy ndm 2015 cimg cdc vdn bdn phdp lugt
hien hanh khdng quy dinh hay phdn bipt cy the ve trinh hr, thii tyc xet xii luu dpng vy an hinh sy hay phien tda luu dpng vy dn hinh su. Cdc vdn bdn ve TTHS trudc khi ed hai bg luat nay vd cdc vdn bdn hudng dan thi hanh eiing khdng thdy ed quy djnh chinh thiic ndo. Tuy nhien, cdn eii vdo cde bdo cdo tdng ket cdng tac xet xir cua Tda dn nhdn dan tdi cao hang ndm thi vipc td chiic phien tda luu dpng, nhat Id phien tda hinh su, da la mpt hogt dpng thudng nien nhu mpt tiidng le, de gdp phan tuyen huyin, PBGDPL.
Hien nay, edn cd rdt nhieu y kien khdc nhau xoay quanh vipc ed nen hay khdng nen dua cac vy an ra xet xu luu dpng vd nhihig dnh hudng, h? Iyy eua viec dua vy dn ra xet xii luu dgng ddi vdi cde td chiic, cd nhdn cd lien quan. De lam rd van de ed nen hay khdng nen xet xii luu dpng ndi chung, xdt xu luu dgng vy dn hinh sy ndi rieng thi can phdi ed tdng ket thyc tien, phdn tich, ddnh gid nhihig mdt tich eye vd nhung mdt hgn chi cua hogt dgng td tung ndy. Tii dd, chung ta mdi cd the lugt hda hay khdng lugt hda hogt dpng xet xu luu dpng.
2. Xit xu luu d$Dg d Vipt Nam nhin tii gde d$
thyc tiln
Cho din nay, Tda dn nhdn ddn tdi cao eiing chua ban hdnh vdn ban ndo hudng dan cy the ve cdc edn eii, tieu chudn de lya ehpn, xde djnh nhihig logi vy dn ndo (logi tpi phgm ndo) can dua ra x^t xu luu dpng. Tuy nhien, hong rdt nhieu vdn ban eiia Tda an nhdn dan tdi cao nhu cdc bdo cao Qudc hpi, bdo cdo tdng ket, bdo cdo chuyen de, bao cdo thye hipn eae chuang trinh mye tieu qude gia ve ddu tranh phdng chdng cae logi t^i phgm, thi vdn dl td cbtie cde phien tda luu ddng ludn duge quan tdm vd gdn nhu gdn chdt vdi vipc lyra chgn, xdc djnh vd gidi quyet cdc vy an hpng diem ciia tung Tda dn vd cua todn ngdnh Tda an. Hon nira, vipc xet xii lira dpng cde vy dn hinh sy so tiidm cdn la mpt tieu chi chdm
^hi hank phdp ludi 36 2 (299)-2017
diem thi dua va la mot nhiem vu duge lanh dgo Tda an nhdn ddn tdi eao quan tam de phdn bd kinh phi eho hogt dpng ndy. Thye tien xet xu hong nhdng ndm qua cho thdy, mdi ndm, trung bmh ngdnh Tda dn da td chiie xet xir khodng tren 3.000 vy dn luu dgng. Hdu het cdc vy an dugc dua ra xet xii luu dgng Id cdc vy an ve cac tpi ma ttiy, mgi dam, giet ngudi, cd y gdy thuong tich, chdng ngudi thi hdnh cdng vy, cudp tdi sdn, trgm cdp tai sdn, cde vy an ve tham nhimg, budn Idu...
3. Nhihig mdt tich cue va ban che khi dua v^
dn ra s€t xv Imi dgng doi vdi cdc to chirc, cd nhan cd lien quan
3.1. Nhimg hifu qud tich cfrc ciia xet xu Ittu dpng vfi dn hinh 5{r
- Thdng qua trinh ty, thu tye xet xu tgi phien tda d& gido dye, nang eao sy hieu biet eua ddng ddo qudn chimg nhdn dan ve cdc quy djnh cua phdp lugt, lam cho ngudi ddn hieu duge hdnh vi cua bj cdo (hodc ede bi cdo) la vi phgm phdp lugt vd phdi chju hinh phgt hrong xung vdi tinh chdt, miic dg cua hdnh vi phgm tpi dd. Tir dd, ngudi ddn se cd nhihig hdnh xii chudn myc ban, dung ddn hon neu ban tiian minh roi vdo nhiing tinh hudng tuong ty.
- Viee myen huyIn, PBGDPL tgi cdc phien tda luu dpng cd tde dyng hyc tilp din nhung ngudi tiiam du bode tiieo ddi phien tda, tgo sy quan tdm eua ddng ddo cgng ddng ddn eu hong khu vye hodc d dja phuong. Giiip eho nhdn dan dl bilu, dl nhd nhihig quy djnh phdp lugt ma hp dugc nghe hyc tiep. Ndng cao y tiiire phdp lugt cua nhan dan hong vipe ddu hanh phdng, chdng tgi phgm. Qh cao tinh rdn de (himg hj) vd tinh giao dye, thuylt phyc eua phien tda ndi chung vd hong ban dn, quylt djnh eua Tda dn ndi rieng.
- Vipe xet xu luu dpng edng khai edn till hien sy quyin uy, nghiem minh ciia phdp ludt dl ngudi ddn cd y thiic tdn hpng phdp lugt, tin hrdng vdo Id phai,
cdng ly. C) miic dg ndo do, xet xiir luu dpng cdn die hipn tinh cdng khai, minh bgeh, dan chu cua hogt dpng tu phdp hong mgt Nha nude vdn minh. Cdc phien tda luu dgng cdng duge ddnh gid cao ban khi ddt nd hong bdi canh eae Tda an dja phuang cdn ggp nhilu khd khdn vl kinh phi, nhan lyc, dja hinh, dia ly... de dua cdng ly tidp egn gdn ddn ban.
3.2. Pihihtghgn che, Af /fry cua vi^xitxilint
^ng vu dn hinh sfr
3.2.1. Doi vcri cd nhdn (bi cao)
- Ngodi hinh phgt ma Tda an dp dyng vdi bj cdo, bj cdo cdn phdi chju nhieu siie ep tii phia cpng ddng, gay anh hudng tdi vipc tai hda nh§p cpng ddng khi hd ve vdi ddi sdng xa hgi. Khi mgt bj cdo bj dua ra x6t xu bdng mgt phien tda luu dgng thi ben egnh ede quy dinh cua phdp lugt, bj cdo bj x^t xii luu dOng dudng nhu cdn phdi chiu sy bupc t^i, mpt siic dp n§ng ne khdc tir phia ddm ddng vdi v6 sd eae quy phgm xa hpi nhu dgo due, tgp qudn, tin dieu tdn gido... md neu xet xu tgi phdng xii dn hp khdng phdi gdnh chju. Hipn nay, tdm ly cua cpng ddng van cdn bieu hipn cua "chu nghTa ly ljch", van cdn nhirng tiidnh kien, djnh kiln tiieo Idi nghi " g ^ mye thi den, gdn den till sdng" khiln eho khdng It nhihig ngudi bj kit dn bj epng ddng xa Idnh, tdy chay, khd cd ca hgi h d thanh mpt ngudi binh tiiudng sau khi h d ve vdi ddi song x3 hpi.
Dilu 63 Bp lugt Huih sy ndm 1999 siia dii, bl sung ndm 2009 quy djnh: "Ngudi bj xda dn tich coi nhu chua bj ket dn va dugc Tda dn edp giay ehiing nhgn". Tuy nhien, khi hg da duge "gido dye, cdi tgo" vd da dugc Nhd nude ehiing nhgn Id dd edi tgo xong, da hd thanh ngudi tdt, sdng cd ieh cho xd hpi, dugc trd ve vdi ddi sdng xd hpi, dugc phyc hoi ddy du quyin cdng dan nhu mpt ngudi binh tiiudng, thi hp la mpt ngudi binh tiiudng, khdng ai dupe lgi dyng qud kbir vl hdnh vi ciia hg d l doi xir khdng edng bdng vdi hg de dam bao quyin cdng
I Ddn chCi & Phdp ludt
^hi hdnh pkdp^ludi 86 2 (299)-2017
ddn, quyen con ngucri... Ludt la thi nhung thyc tien xd hgi khdng thi, nhiing thdnh kiln, djnh kien eua xd hgi, nhihig tu tudng ed bu, lac hgu, nhihig biSu hi^n eua ehu nghia ly ljch da gay ra rdt nhieu rao can ddi vdi ngudi da chap hdnh an xong, tai hda nhgp cgng ddng. Trong nhilu trudng hgp hp bj xa lanh, bj ky thj, thgm chi bj tdy chay... khien hg bj xd ddy, ldi keo tham gia, quan he vdi nhdm ngudi xdu, bj idi keo thyc hipn nhiing hdnh vi xau... de rdi lai tiep tyc vi phgm phdp ludt.
Trong qua trinh hdnh nghe ludt su, tiep xue vdi cdc bj cdo ed nguy eo bj td chiic xet xu luu dpng vy dn hinh sy th) nhin ehung cde bj eao deu khdng mudn, tiidm chi rdt sg hdi bdi "ban dn" vd hinh eiia cpng ddng ban Id lo sg vdi bdn dn ciia Tda dn.
Nhieu bj cdo eho rdng dua hg ve xet xir tgi que huong ban qudn, trudc anh em hp hdng, bd con ldi xdm... Id mpt "hinh phgt", ddi khi cdn khung khiep hon cd hinh phgt tii, khdng bilt khi ndo mdi dugc
"x6a dn tich", dugc mpi ngudi, tha thii ehdp nhgn bj cdo sau khi da ehdp hdnh xong ban dn eua Tda dn. Ngay ed t\h\iag ngudi thdn cua hp ciing phdi chju siic 6p ghe gdm tir du lugn, nhieu khi Idm ddo Ipn mpi moi quan h^ md hg dang cd, md neu chi x^t xii tgi cdng dudng tiii ndi dau ndy cd 16 dugc gidm di it nhieu. Chinh vi vdy, x6t xu luu dgng nhilu khi khdng phdi edng vipe cua hpi ddng xet xu niia, ma tya nhu mpt kieu xet xii tgp the ma nhieu nude Hdi gido dang dp dyng.
- Miic hinh phgt hong cdc vy dn xet xii luu dpng thudng nghiem khdc ban cdc vy dn xet xir tai hy sd Tda dn. Trong qud trinh x6t xii luu dOng, vi ly do toy§n huyIn, phdng ngira, gido dye rdn de... vd ciing mpt phan tir siic 6p cua ddng ddo ngudi dan vaa eac hmh phgt cho cdc bj cdo khi x6t xii luu dpng dudng nhu dugc hpi ddng x6t xii myen "ndng tay"
hon so vdi nhihig vy dn xet xii tgi hy sd Tda dn. Kit qud giai quylt vy dn nhu vgy 1dm hinh phgt khdng
tuong xiing vdi tinh chat, miic dp cua hdnh vi phgm tpi, nhdn than ngudi pham tgi, gdy anh hudng nghiem hpng den quyin vd Igi ieh hgp phdp eua cdc bj cdo.
Myc dieh cua hinh phgt bao gdm hai thugc tinh, dd la trung trj vd cdi tao, giao dye ngudi phgm tgi.
Miie do trung tri dugc the hipn d logi va mire hinh phgt duge dp dyng. Tuy nhien, khdng phdi trong mpi trudng hop hinh phgt eao, su len an gay gdt thi tac dyng cdi tgo, giao dye cao, ma hinh phgt phdi tuong xiing vdi tinh chdt vd miic dp nguy hiem cua hdnh vi pham tgi, cd sy thdng cam, tha thii tii epng ddng mdi phdt huy dugc tdc dyng gido dye. Trong xd bdi tien bp ngay nay, vipc xu ly hinh sy, dp dyng hinh phgt chu yeu nhdm myc dich cdi tgo, gido dye ngudi pham tgi hd thdnh ngudi cd ich cho xd hpi vd tgo dieu kipn de bp tdi hda nhdp cpng d^ng. Thyc te, vipc bj cdo phgm tgi xdy ra d mgt hong hai trudng hgp: Phgm tpi do b^ng bgt, ndng ndy hodc phgm tgi cd tinh todn, phgm tdi nhilu ldn, ed tinh chuyen nghipp, tdi phgm (ngudi phgm tdi cd y thiic vd bdn tinh coi thudng phdp lugt). Ddi vdi nhihig trudng hgp phgm tpi do lam Id md bj xdt xii luu dgng sd gdy thdm sy de cdm tir cgng ddng vd sy mac cam tir ban than bj cdo, dd Id rao edn hong vipc tdi hda nhdp cgng ddng. Ngugc Igi, ddi vdi nhihig trudng hgp phgm tgi do ban tinh cdn dd, coi thufirag phdp ludt thi viec xet xii luu dgng sS 1dm tdng tiiem tinh ly Igm, ngdng eudng, vdi tdm ly khdng cdn gl de mat, ngudi phgm tgi rat ed the sd edng hd nen nguy hiem hon. Thye te dd ed khdng it trudng hgp ndy sinh tdc dgng ngugc chilu, ti€u eye khi xdt xii luu dpng. Cdch day vai ndm, Tda dn nhdn dan tinh Q md phien tda luu dpng xdt xd bj cdo Nguyin Vdn Ch ve tpi giet ngudi. Tir sdng sdm gia dinh ngudi bj hgi dd huy dpng anh em, hp hdng, ngudi k^n, hdng de ddn hdi ddng xet xu va bj cdo. Khi kiem sdt vien ludn tpi de nghi dp dyng hinh phgt hi hinh
'^hi hdnk phdp. Iu4i 86 2 (299)-2017
ddi vdi bi cdo, phia gia dinh ngudi bj hgi dd ddng logt vo tay hudng img, trai lgi Id tieng khde tiidm tiult ciia gia dinh bj cao. Khi lugt su trinh bdy ldi bdo chua dl nghj dp dyng hmh phgt tu thi gia dmh bj hgi kjch lipt phdn ddi va de dga vj lugt su. Thdy vgy, ludt su nhanh chdng ket thiic bdo chira va khdng tianh lugn gi tiiem hong khi hd so vu an ed nhilu mdu thudn hong vipc xdc djnh dp tudi ciia bi cao (bj cdo chua thdnh nien khdng bj dp dyng hinh phgt hi hmh). Hay nhu vy an buy hogi tai sdn do Tda dn nhan dan buypn Q.T xet xii lim dpng tgi xa Q.K. Trudc bd con ldi xdm, hai anh em bj cdo khdng nhiing khdng hdi cai ma cdn ngang nhien de dga sS hd thii gia dinh bj hgi. C} hai vy an ndy, chinh vipc x^t xu luu dpng da lam khuay them ndi dau, 1dm tdng them mau thudn giiia gia dinh, hp hang bi eao vd ngudi bi hgi; lam mat niem tin cua ngudi dan ve tinh tdn nghiem ciia edng dudng, hipu qud PBGDPL khdng dupe phdt huy.
- Vdi mye dieh, tinh chat cua vipe xet xu luu dpng vy an hinh sy thi khd ed ea hpi de Tda an myen bd bj cdo khdng phgm tpi. Theo nguyen tdc suy dodn vd tpi thi bj can, bj cdo dugc coi la khdng ed tpi cho den khi cd bdn dn ket tgi dd cd hipu lyc phdp lugt ciia Tda dn. Ban an ciia Tda an cd the myen bd bj cdo khdng phgm tgi, hanh vi khdng cdu thdnh tgi phgm - nghTa la bj cdo bj oan neu ket qua tranh tyng tgi phien tda phdn dnh vipe truy td Id khdng cd edn cir. Nlu xit xii d hy sd Tda dn thi viec Tda dn myen bd bj cdo khdng phgm tpi se khdng cd nhilu hd nggi... Nhung doi vdi nhiing vy dn xet xu luu dpng, vdi mye dieh myen huyIn phdp ludt, 1dm cho ngudi dan bilu rdng hdnh vi ciia bj edo gdy hgi eho xd hpi nhu thi ndo, s6 phdi ehju hinh phgt nghiem khdc ra sao..., Tda an mac nhien thiia nhgn bj cdo ed tpi (suy dodn ed tpi), thi viec myen bd bj eao khdng cd tpi sd 1dm "phan tde dyng" mye dich xet xu luu dpng. Chinh vi till nlu
nhiing vy an xdt xii luu dpng ma cd dien bien mdi, tiidm phan khdng ludng hudc duge khi nghien cim hd so cdn phdi hd hd sa dilu ha bd sung ho$c c6 till myen bo bj cdo khdng phgm tpi tiii hpi ddng x6t xii lgi phai cd kit tiiuc vy dn bdng mgt bdn an nghiem khde d l dgt duge mye dich de ra. Tinh hudng nay lam phdt sinh nguy co gay oan sai, dnh hudng tdi quyen Igi hgp phdp ciia bj eao.
3.2.2. Doi v&i to chiic
Phdp lugt hinh sy hipn hanh khdng quy djnh TTHS ddi vdi phdp nhdn. Tuy nhien, Bg lugt Hinh sy ndm 2015 dd quy djnh TTHS ddi vdi phdp nhdn thuong mgi. Theo dd, td ehirc cd hanh vi phgm tpi tiii si bj xem x^t, xii ly hinh sy. Vdn d l d$t ra d day la, khi xem xet TTHS ddi vdi phap nhan tiiuong mgi, ddng nghia vdi vipe se cd nhieu trudng hgp Tda dn dua ra xet xu luu dgng ddi vdi cdc phap nhan ndy. Tuy nhien, vipc xet xir luu ddng ddi vdi td chiic cung d^t ra nhieu van de can quan tam bdi:
Khi mpt to chiic cd hdnh vi phgm tpi vd bj dua ra xet xii luu dgng thi vipc td chire dd cd nguy co diing trudc bd vge eiia phd sdn Id rat ldn. Nhu dd phan tich d tren, xet xu luu dOng Id dua vy dn ra x^t xir cdng khai tgi noi tpi phgm dugc thyc hipn ho$c noi cd hanh chdp xdy ra, noi bj edo, duong sy cu hii nen vipe mgt td chiie (cd the id cdng ty, doanh nghipp, tgp dodn...) dang thyc hipn hogt dpng kinh doanh nhung cd hdnh vi phgm tpi va bj dua ra x^t xti luu dgng thi sd anh hudng rat Idn den tdm ly ngudi tieu diing, d$e bipt Id tam ly eiia nhihig doi tac lam dn ddi vdi phia td chiic dd. Sau khi ch4p hdnh xong ban an cua Tda dn, nhihig td chiic nay rdt khd cd the tiep tye thye hipn hogt dpng kinh doanh eiia minh, li§u cdn ed nhdn, td chiie ndo co du hr tin, dung cam de ky ket hgp ddng, thyc hipn cdc giao djeh vdi nhirag ddi tac dd timg ed hdnh vi phgm tgi.
Vi vgy, cdn phdi ed su edn nhdc, tinh todn ky
I Ddn chCi & Phdp ludt
^hi hdnk phdp. ludi 36 2 (299)-2017
ludng ve vipc cd nen xet xu luu dpng vdi nhiing vy dn ma ngudi pham tpi Id phdp nhdn thuong mgi hay khdng de hinh phgt tuong xiing vdi ldi vi phgm, tgo CO hpi eho phap nhan ed eo hgi tiep tuc ddng gdp gia hj eho xd hdi, tranh gay he Iyy tdi ngudi lao dpng, anh hudng tdi cdng ddng, xa hpi.
4. Mpt so kiln nghi doi vdi boat dgng xet xu luu dpng vu an hinh su
Hipn nay, van edn nhieu quan diem khdc nhau ve vipc xet xu luu ddng vy dn hinh sy. Cd mpt sd y kiln thi eho rdng xet xu luu ddng la cdn thiet, gdp phdn tich eye hong boat dgng myen huyen, PBGDPL, gid tri tich cue nhieu hon nhiing hgn ehe... Xudt phdt tir nhiing co ed ly lugn vd tiiuc tien, tdc gia eho rdng khdng nen tiep tuc xet xu luu dpng vu an hinh sy bdi nhiing he Iyy md nd mang Igi nhieu hon Id y nghTa ve mdt myen tmyen, PBGDPL. Chung ta nen phdt huy nhirng phuong phap khde de myen truyen, PBGDPL ehii khdng nen su dyng hogt dpng xet xu de thye hipn mye dich myen truyen ngay tai phien tda, lam nhu vdy de vi phgm nhihig nguyen tde co ban hong to tyng hinh sy, hong dd ed nguyen tde suy doan vd tpi, nguyen tdc edng bdng, binh ddng...
Khi ddt ra van de nen hay khdng nen xet xu luu dpng vd gidi quyet nd, edn ddt nd hong mdi quan he vdi ede nguyen tdc cua boat dgng m phdp, hong myc dich eua Nhd nude phdp quyin la bmh ddng, tdn trpng, bao vp quyen con ngudi ngay cd khi hp bj bupc tpi. Ndi nhu tren khdng ed nghia Id Tda an thdi khdng myen huyIn phdp lugt nira. Vdn dh Id can ed phuong thiic myen truyen tiie ndo dd dl dgt hipu qud cao ban. Theo tac gid, hinh thiic cdng khai cdc ban an cua Tda dn la each myen huyIn cd hieu qud nhdt, vdn minh nhdt edn dupe phd biln nhan rpng. Ciing \o\ vipe xet xir edng khai tai edng dudng \a cdng khai, minh bgch ede bdn dn, quylt djnh eiia Toa dn chdng nhirng myen truyin duge
p h ^ ludt ma cdn bdo vp dugc quyen eon ngudi.
Tda dn xet xu cdng khai, nhung khdng nen xet xir luu ddng, cang khdng nen lay dd Idm thdnh tich nhu hien nay.
Hien nay, cde phuong tien tiidng tin dgi ehiing phdt tiien mgnh nen can hudng den vipe khai thdc lgi the ciia cdc phuang tien nay de myen huyen, PBGDPL; chi xet xii luu dgng hong nhimg hudng hpp thye sy thay can thiet. Ngoai ra, cdc chuang trinh myen truyen, PBGDPL phdt hen sdng truyen thanh, truyen hmh cung dd vd dang mang Igi nhieu hipu qua tich eye. De di den ket ludn Id ed nen tiep tye xet xu luu dpng vy an hinh sy nua hay khdng, theo tde gid can phdi luu y mpt sd van de sau:
Mgt Id. cdn cd tdng ket thyc tiln, ddnh gid dung raiic ve hipu qud ciing nhu h? Iyy ciia hogt dpng x6t xu luu dpng vy an hinh sy doi vdi bj edo vd eOng ddng xd hgi, ddng thdi cdn nghien cdu, tiep tiiu nhimg kinh nghipm eiia eae nude phdt trien ve hogt dpng xet xu cdng khai.
Hai Id, neu vipc xet xu luu dpng vy dn hinh sy tiep tye dien ra thi can phdi ed eo sd phdp ly hen eo sd ly luan vd tdng ket thyc tien.
Ba Id, neu quy dinh la mpt hogt dpng x^t xu thudng xuyen eiia Tda dn thi phdi dam bdo cdc nguyen tdc co bdn cua TTHS, tdn hpng quyen con ngudi, quyen cdng ddn, quyen va lgi ieh hgp phdp cua duong sy.
Theo tde gid, de duy hi hogt dgng xet xir luu ddng vy an hinh sy thi cdn phdi cd quy djnh vd bao ddm cdc tieu chi xet xir luu dpng vy an hinh sy nhu sau:
- Can thiet Igp co sd phdp ly eho hogt dpng xet XLT so thdm vy an hinh sy;
- Chi xet xii luu dpng vdi vy dn hinh sy tiieo hinh ty so tiidm;
- Chi xet xu luu ddng vdi vu dn hinh sy ma nhdn tiiuc phdp ludt eua edng ddng vd nhan thdc phdp
^hi hdnk phdp ludi 86 2 (299)-2017
lugt eiia bj cdo, ngudi bi hgi trong vy an cdn hgn chi, vdi mye dieh myen truyen, PBGDPL;
- Chi xet xir luu dpng vdi vy an hinh sy ma logi tpi dd ed xu hudng phd bien, gia tdng do thieu hieu biet phap lugt ciia ngudi dan;
- Khdng xet xu luu ddng vdi nhung vu dn xdm hgi danh dy, nhan phdm, uy tin eua cdng dan;
- Khdng xet xu luu ddng vu an hinh sy vdi nhirag dja phucmg edn mang ndng nhimg thanh kien, djnh kien ve ngudi pham tgi de dam bao quyen Igi ciia bj cdo khi tdi hda nhgp cgng ddng;
- Phai dam bdo eac nguyen tde ea ban hong TTHS khi thye hipn hogt dpng xet xu luu dpng,
hong dd ed nguyen tde edng bdng, binh ddng, nguyen tde suy dodn vd tgi...:
- Phdi ddm bdo tilt kiem nhimg vdn till hipn sy uy nghiem ngudi tiln hanh td tyng, cua eo quan tien hanh td tyng, sy nghiem minh cua phdp !u§t trong phien tda xet xu luu dgng;
- Trong hudng hgp ket qua dieu tra xd hpi hpe, ddnh gid thue tien vd nghien ciiu hp thdng phdp lugt cua cac nude tien tien cho thdy hogt dpng x6t xu luu dpng mang lai it gid hj han Id nhiing bp Iyy cho xa hpi thi can eham dut hogt dpng x6t xii nay ddm bdo man thu cae nguyen tdc co ban hong TTHS a
Mo! SO van de ve kiem soat...
(Tiep Iheo trang 49) cdu, khieu ngi, td edo eua cdng dan theo hudng dongidn, de thyc hien. Cd tiie dp dung cdc hinh thue tiep nhdn khdc nhu thdng qua dudng ddy ndng, email... ben egnh eac hinh thiic truyin thdng.
Ddng thdi, tdi uu hda quy hinh thu tye, nang cao hipu qua ca che phdi hgp hong vipe kiem sodt. Ben egnh viee hoan thipn co che phdi hgp giita cde ca quan kiem sodt mang tmh quyen lyc nhd nude, cdn dae bipt quan tam tdi viee xdy dung, hodn thipn ca ebl phdi hpp giiia eae ca quan kiem soat mang tinh quyen lyc nha nude vdi cde chu till kilm soat
mang tinh xd hpi. Trong do, quan hpng nhdt Id hodn thipn eo ehe phdi hgp giifa Qude hpi vdi ede ehii the kiSm sodt mang tinh xa hpi.
Tdm lai, kiem soat hogt dpng bdo dam quyin edng dan eiia co quan hanh chinh nhd nude la mpt su can thiet khach quan. Dieu ndy hodn todn khdng tao ra khd khan, gay cdn hd eho sy vgn hdnh ciia bg may hdnh phdp md hdi Igi, nlu dugc td chirc tdt sS gdp phdn thanh Ige nen hdnh ehinh qudc gia, thue day vide hoan thdnh trdch nhipm phyc vy nhdn dan ciia nhd nude •
Tdi lieu tham khdo:
/. Trdn Nggc Dudng. Phdn cdng, phdi hgp vd kiim sodl quyin luc vdi vi^c sua ddi Hien phdp ndm 1992, Nxb.
Chinh tri qudc gia - sir that, Hd Ngi. 2012.
2. Dinh Vdn Mdu. Quyin lifc nhd nude vd quyin cdng ddn. Nxb. Tuphdp. Hd Ngi. 2003.
3. Trinh Thj Xuy'en. Kiem sodl quyin luc nha nude - mgt so van di ly lugn vd thirc liin a Vigi Nam hi?n nay.
S.xb. Chinh tr\ qudc gia. Hd Noi. 2008.
4 John Locke, Khdo ludn thu hai vi chinh quyin - chinh quyen dan su. Nxb. Tri thuc, 2013.
5. Richard Bellamy. 2008. Cil'izenship: A very short introduction, Oxford University Press.
