LUAT
BAN VE KHAI NIEM HCfP DONG VAN CHUYEN HANG HOA QUOC TE
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Bai vie't phan tich va difa ra khdi niem hoan chinh ve hcfp dong van chuyen hang hoa quo'c te bang du'dng bien. Tren cd s6 66, nghidn cii'u cac loai hdp dong van chuyen hang hoa qu6'c te bang du'dng bien theo phdp Iuat Hang hai Viet Nam, gop phan \ ao viec nang cao hieu biS't cua cdc cd nhSn, td chu'c ve Luat Hang hai quo'c te. nhhm bdo ve quyen vd ldi ich chinh ddng ciia cac b6n tham gia ky ke't va thifc hien hdp dong.
Tif kh6a: Van chuy6n hang hoa quo'c te bang du'dng bien, hdp dong quo'c te', phdp luat h^ng hdi Viet Nam.
1. Dgt v3'n d^
Trong nhffng nam qua, van chuyen hang hoa bang du'dng bien da khong ngifng phdt tnen va dong vai tro quan trong doi vdi nen hang hai the gidi.O Viet Nam, van tai difdng bien thifc su'cd y nghTa rat quan trgng. iJdc tinh Iifdng hang hoa quo'c le'van chuyen chie'm tdi 80% tdng lifu Iifdng hang hoa \ua't nhap Idiau cija Viet Nam. nhieu cong ty van chuyen du'dng bien cung da xua't hien va ngay cang phat trien. Dieu do dong nghia vdi viec can phai cd cac quy djnh phdp luat dieu chinh phu hdp.
Si/ ra ddi cua B6 luat Hang hai Viet Nam 2015 danh da'u bu'dc phat trien mdi trong thi tru'dng van chuyen hang hda quo'c te bang difdng bien d Viet Nam. Tren cd sd dd. cac thifdng nhan Viet Nam da cd cd s6 phap ly diiy du hdn cho viec ky ket cac hdp dong van chuyen hang hda qudc te bang dtfdng bien.
Hien nay. khi Viet Nam da trd thanh thanh vien ciia To chtfc Thu'dng mai The gidi (WTO), yeu cau
dat ra dd'i vdi chiing ta la can phai tiS'p tuc stfa doi, bd sung, hoan thien cac quy dinh ciia phap luat de dieu chinh hoat dong dich vu van chuyen hang hda quo'c te bang di/dng bien cho phu hdp hdn vdi cac yeu cau thifc tiin cua Viet Nam va qud'e tS'. Hieu bie't phdp luat se giiip bao ve cdc quyen va ldi ich chinh dang cho cdc ben irong giao dich hdp dong van chuyen hang hda quo'c te bdng di/dng bien, thuc da'y quan he hdp tac thifdng mai hang hai ciia Viet Nam vdi cac quo'c gia tren the'gidi.
2. Noi dung phan tich
2.1. Khdi niem hdp dong van chuyen hdng hda quo'c tebdng dudng bien
Hdp dong van chuyen hang hda quo'c te bdng difdng bien, trifdc he't difdc hie'u la mot loai hdp dong dan sif. bdi d dd the hien sif binh dang trong viec thu'dng Iifdng va tif quye't dinh cac noi dung thugc ITnh vdc quan he dan sd. Diem khac biet quan trgng nam d tinh quo'c te'cua hdp dong. Trong thifc tiln, de xdc djnh linh cha't quo'c le'cua mgt
So 7'Thang 4/2020 45
UP Cll ciRc iiMNe
h d p d o n g cd nhieu e a c h d a n h cia. (.^ r •^ - - nhau T h e e c a c quan d i e m pho hit r • ' : d o n g dtfdc coi la cd tinh c h a i qu''^ ^ • - - d a u hieu sau: CO lien quan dcri h.u h.i> nliit .,!;. . gia; Ihudc p h a m \ i dieu chinh cua niol o LU U V qudc t c : hang hda cd sif ..hu><:n dich qu.i bien sioi;
hodc h d p d d n g t a o ra c a c gia iri. hfi ich trong thu'dng mai quoc lc.
Trong Ihyc iicn. each tie'p can cua lual p h a p i|U(Vcle'\c xac dinh tinh chat qudc te'cua mgt h d p d d n g thirdng difdc the h i e n thdng qua d a u h i e u c a c chu the h e n quan cd tru sd thifdng m a i d c a c nUtic k h a c n h a u . T h e o Dieu I c u a C d n g u'dc LaHay (1964) \ c mua b a n quo'c te nhffng d g n g san hi7u hlnh. mdi hdp d d n g mua b a n dUdc coi la mgt hdp d d n g mua b a n h a n g h d a q u d c te khi c d c ben chu the cd tru sd thu'dng mai 6 c a c nu'dc k h a c nhau. h a n g h d a trong h d p d d n g difdc c h u y e n dich qua bien gidi \ a difdc x a c lap d c a c nu'dc d o . C d n t h e o Dieu I C d n g Ude V i e n ciia L i e n H d p quo'c
\ c hdp d o n g mua ban h a n g hda q u d c te thi ye'u td' mfdc ngoai ciia hdp d d n g la ye'u to'chu t h e : chu the Clia hdp d d n g la cac b e n cd tru sd ihu'dng m a i d e a c nu'dc khae nhau. Ngoai ra, ed the tim tha'\
>eu id na\ trong n h i e u dieu iTdc qud'e te \ e h d p d d n g nhif C d n g Ude La H a \ ( 1 9 8 6 ) ve luat d p d u n g ddi \ d i h d p J o n g mua b a n qud'e te'. C d n g ddc G c n c \ e (198.^^) \ c d a i d i e n trong m u a b a n q u d c te h o d c trong bd N g y \ c n uie H d p d d n g Ihifdng mai q u d e le PICC cua L'NIDROIT ( D i e u D - d e u d U a tren lieu chi c a c b e n cd tru sd thUdng mai d c d c nifde khac nhau d e xdc dinh tinh cha't qudc le eiia hdp d d n g .
Phiip lual \ ' i c i Nam hien na\ chUa cd quy dinh cu the ve hdp ddng cd tinh chat quo'c t e . \"i \ a \ cd Ihc l\ giai tinh chat q u d e te trong hdp d d n g van c h u s c n hang hda bdng dUdng bien theo quan diem eua tu phdp qudc te. Nd lien quan de'n cdc dau hieu ehu t h e . khach ihe va sU kien p h a p ly qu\ dinh lai Dicu 663 Bg luai Dan SLf N'lel Nam 2015. T h e o d d , linh chai qude te eiia hdp d o n g \ a n c h u y e n h a n g hda b a n g difdng bien the hien d c a c da'u hieu sau:
Tluinhd'i. cd ii nhat mdt ben chu ihe k\' ket h d p doiv^ CO qudc lich nu'dc ngoai hay cd iru sd 6 nUdc ngoai.
Tlni hai. hdp d o n g difde k\ kct hoae thu'c hien d nUde n e o a i .
riidhtt. id, n/clngClia hdp U>-;ng U '""i hSa 16„
lui (V nu'dc n e o a i : ^ - . J Ihu IU d o d a e thu e u a h d p J d n g ^ a n chuyan hang hd:i q u o c tc h.=ing du'dng b i . '•> n e n h a n g hda
> ^L; hop d d n g d u d e \ an .-huyen iLf c a c c a n g bien .juoL ifi.i Itjv MHig ianh thd n a y tdi c a c cang bicn eiia q u d c gia hay v u n g l a n h thd k h d e .
Nhif v a y , t h e o p h a p ludt quo'c t e , m d t hdp d d n g difdc coi la cd tinh c h a t quo'c te ne'u c a c ben ed tru sd thu'dng m a i 6 c a c nUdc k h a c nhau va c6 lien q u a n d e n hai hay n h i e u h e thd'ng p h d p lufit khde nhau. C d c h d a n h gia tinh cha't "quo'c te'"c^a h d p d d n g difa t r e n c a c t i e u c h i n a y du'de coi la h d p ly va cd md'i q u a n h e g a n bd v d i nhau vi chi c d c h d p d d n g difdc g i a o ke't giu'a c a c b e n cd "tru s6'" [hUdng m a i d c a c nifdc k h a c n h a u se Ii6n q u a n de'n hai h o d c n h i e u h e thd'ng p h d p luat khac nhau CO the difdc d p d u n g . T r o n g thifc tidn, hdp d d n g cd tinh cha't quo'c te du'de thifa n h a n rdng r a i h i e n n a y la h d p d d n g difdc ky ke't giffa cac thifdng n h a n cd tru sd thu'dng m a i n a m t r e n ianh thd c a c qud'e gia k h a c n h a u .
Da cd kha nhieu c d n g ifdc qud'e te v e h a n g hai
\ a van tdi bien, tuy nhien chi ed hai c d n g Ude quo'c t e ' c d d e c a p Erifc tie'p tdi q u a n n i e m v e h d p ddng v a n c h u y a n h a n g h d a qud'e te b d n g dffdng bien.
T h e o Muc b, Dieu I C d n g ffdc quo'c te' thd'ng nha't mdt s d q u y tac p h d p luat v e van ddn dffdng bien ky ndm 1924 (cdn ggi ta C d n g ffdc Brussels 1924) quy dinh: " H d p d d n g v a n c h u y e n dUdc the hien bang v a n ddn hodc mdt ehffng tff sd hffu tffdng tff trong ehffng mifc chffng tff dd lien q u a n de'n v i e c van c h u y e n h a n g h d a b d n g d u d n g b i e n , bao g d m bat ky van ddn h o a c c h f f n g tff tffdng iff n a o nhff da neu d t r e n , dffdc p h a t h a n h tren c d sd h o a e t h e o mgt h d p d d n g thue tau k e tff thdi d i e m v a n ddn ho3c chffng (ff sd hffu tu'dng tff do d i e u c h i n h c a c mdi quan he giu'a m d t ngffdi c h u y e n c h d vdi mgt ngffdi c a m van d d n " .
T h e o M u c 6, Dieu I, C d n g ffdc H a m b u r g (1978) - Cong ffdc ciia Lien hdp q u d c ve c h u y e n chd hang hda b a n g dffdng b i e n . khai niC'm h d p d d n g van chuyen h a n g h d a b d n g dudng bien jud'c te dffdc hieu "la bat ky hdp d d n g n a o ma i h e o dd ngffdi chuyen chd d a m nhan c h u y e n ch.'f ii:in« h d a b'ang du'dng bien tff mgt c a n g n a y de'n ;; , ,<, [^^ac de thu tien eifdc. Tuy nhien, mgt ho: , ,, 1-,^^ „ ^ ^
46 So 7 - Thon
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chuyen chd bJSng dffdng bien va ca phffdng tien khac lhi hdp ddng dd chi dffdc coi la hdp ddng chu\cn chd bdng dUdng bien theo nghia trong Cong ffdc ndy, ne'u nd lien quan de'n van tai dffdng bien'".
Cac quy dinh tren cho tha'y, Cdng ffdc Brussels (1924) chi dieu chinh hdp ddng van chuyen hang hda biing dffdng bien dffdi dang van ddn hay chffng tff tffdng tff nhff van ddn, cdn Cdng ifdc Hamburg (1978) thi dp dung cho ta'tca cdc loai hdp ddng van chuyen bdng dffdng bien, ke ca van ddn.
Theo Dieu 145, Bd luat Hang hai Viet Nam
|2()I5), hdp ddng van chuyen hang hda bdng dffdng bien dffdc djnh nghia nhff sau: "Hdp ddng vSn chuyen hang hda bdng dffdng bien la thda thuan dffdc giao ke't giffa ngffdi van chuyen va ngffdi thue van chuyen, theo dd ngffdi van chuyen thu gid dieh vu van chuyen do ngffdi thue van chuyan tra va dilng tau bien de van chuyen hang hda tffcdng nhan hang de'n cang tra hang". Tff quy djnh nay cd the hieu hoat ddng van chuyen hang hda biing dffdng bien cua Viet Nam mang tinh dich vu. Id hoat dgng doanh nghiep khai thac tau bien Clia minh de van chuyen hang hda tff cang nhan hang den cdng tra hang va thu gia dieh vu van chuyen do ngffdi thue van chuyen tra. Ngu'di chuyen chd chinh la ngffdi cung cd'p djch vu van tai hang hda b^ng dffdng bien.
Quy dinh eiia Bd luat Hang hai Viet Nam (2015) ve hdp ddng van chuyen hang hda bang dffdng bien rd rang, day du dia vi phdp ly va md'i quan he ciia tffng ben lien quan trong hdp ddng nhdm tao sff ddng bg va nha't qudn trong todn bd cac dieu khoan ciia Chffdng hdp ddng van chuyen hang hda bdng difdng bien. Theo dd cd the' hieu, hoat dgng van chuyen hang hda bang dffdng bien la hoat ddng ctia ngffdi van chuyen dung tau bien de van chuyen hang hda tff cang nhan den cang tra hang tren cd sd mdt hdp ddng van chuyen dd dffdc ky ket vdi ngffdi thue van chuyen
Trong thffc tien phap luat, mgt sd'nffdc cung cd suquy dinh tffdng ddng vdi quy dinh ciia phap luat Vi6i Nam ve hdp ddng van chuyen hang hoa bdng dffdng bien. Dieu 41, Bd luat Hang hai Trung Qude (1992). quy dinh; "Hdp ddng van chuyen hang hod bdng dffdng bien la mgt hdp ddng theo dd ngu'di vdn chuyen cam ke't van chuyen bdng dffdng bien nhffng hang hda ma ngffdi gu'i hang da ky hdp ddng
van chuyen tff cang na> den mdt cang khac va dffdc thanh toan tien cffdc." Bd luai Hang hai Trung Qud'e (1992) tie'p can khdi niem hdp ddng van chuyen theo gdc dd truyen thdng, quy djnh hdp ddng \an chuyen hang hda bdng dudng bien giffa ngffdi van chuyen vdi ngffdi gffi hang va ngffdi van chuyen dUdc thu tien eifdc van chuyen.
Dieu 133. Luat Hang hai thUdng mai ciia Ucraina (1995), qu\ dinh "Theo hdp ddng van chuyen hang hda bdng dffdng bien, ngUdi van ehuyen hodc ngu'di thue tau cam ke't van chuyen hang hda dffdc ngu'di gffi hang giao cho tff cdng nhan hang tdi cang dich va giao hang cho ngffdi difdc uy quyen thich hdp (ngffdi nhan hang), va ngu'di gffi hang hoae ngffdi thue lau cam ket tra mdt khoan tien nhd'l dinh cho viec van chuyen dd".
Luat Hang hai thffdng mai cua Ucraina (1995) quy dinh cu the hdn ve ngffdi nhan hang, trong quan he sd hffu vdi hang hda dffde chuyen chd, ngffdi nhan hang ed the la chii sd hffu eiia hang hda, hoae la ngudi dUde uy quyen de nhan hang hda tff ngffdi chuyen chd, de giao lai cho ngifdi chu sd hffu dd'i vdi hang hda do. Ngffdi nhan hang la ngffdi chiu trach nhiem dd'i vdi hang hda tff khi nd rdi khdi tau de'n khi nd dffdc giao cho ngffdi chii sd hffu.
Theo phap luat ciia nhieu qudc gia, hdp ddng van chuyen hdng hda bdng dffdng bien trffdc he't la su thda thudn giffa ben van ehuyen hang hda va ben thue van chuyen hang hda. Theo dd, ben thue van chuyen thu tien eUde van chuyen va van chuyen hanghda tff cang nhan hang den cang dich va giao hang hda cho ngffdi nhan hang. Qua day, ta cd the hodn chinh khai niem: Hdp ddng van chuyen hang hda qud'e te'bdng dffdng bidn difdc hieu la sif thda thuan giffa ben van chuyen hang hda va ben thue \an chuyen hang hda, theo do, ben van ehuyen thu phi dich vu van chuyen do ngffdi thue van chuyen tra va dung tau bien de van chuyen hang hoa tff cang nhan hang de'n cang tra hang nam d nhffng qud'e gia hay vung lanh tho khde nhau.
2.2. Cdc logi hdp dong van chuyen hdng hda qudc tebdng dudng bien theo phdp ludt Hdng hdi Viet Nam
Trong kinh doanh hang hai qudc te hien nay.
ed nhieu each phan loai hdp ddng van chuyen hang hda qud'e te'bdng dudng bien. Cdn cff vdo
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TAKIiCBKETItffilie
ddi tUdng Clia hdp ddn^;. ngffdi ta cd the phan (hanh hdp ddng chuyen ehd hang khd, hang ldng. hdp ddng chuNcn chd hang hda ngu> hiem.
ddc hai..
Cdch phan loai phd bien hien na\ la dffa vao phffdng thffe thue tau. Thffc lien hang hai qudc te ed 2 phffdng thffc chii yeu de cdc ben cd the thffe hien viec van chuyen hang hda, dd la: phffdng thffc ehuyen chd hang hda bang tau chd va phffdng thffe chuyen chd hang hda biing tau chuyen. Tu'dng ffng
\ di eac phu'dng ihffe nay. cae ben ed the rang bude irach nhic in \cii nhau thdng qua hai loai hdp ddng van chu>en chinh. la: hdp ddng thue tau chd theo ehffng tff van chuyen va hdp ddng chuyen chd hanghda bdng tau chuven. Thffciieneho thay. tai mot sd nifde nhff Singapore. TrungQudc -quy dinh iheo hffdng hdp ddng thue lau chuvcn v j van ddn dffdng bien, cdn mgl sd nffde thi lai quy dinh phan loai theo hdp ddng van chuyen hdng hda bdng tau chuvcn \a hdp ddng van chuyen hang ho.i bdng tdu chd. Dicu 44. Bg ludi Hang hai Trung Qude (1992) quy dinh hinh thffc hdp ddng iheo chffng tff vfm chuvcn Id "van ddn hodc cae chffng tff tffdng tff khde tao nen bdng chffng hdp ddng". Theo khoan 2, Dicu 25. Ludi \'an chuyen hang hda bdng dffdng bien eiia Singapore (2007) quy dinh cd hai hinh thffc cua hdp ddng van ehuyen hang hda bdng dffdng bien, la: hdp ddng thue tdu chuyen va van ddn du'dng bien. Hdp ddng ihue lau ehuyen dUdc diing trong trffdng hdp van chuvcn hang hda tren nigt ehuyen tdu theo Ig trinh hay nhieu chujen.
Luat van ehuyen hang hda b^ng dUdng bien cua Singapore quy dinh \c van ddn dffdng bien ed 3 chffc ndng: la bdng ehffng eua hdp dong van chu>c!i, la bien lai nhan hang hda va la chffng iff sd hffu hang hda.
Phap luat \'iei Nam hien nay cung phan loai hdp ddng dffa iren cd sd phUdng thffc thue tau. Bd iuiit Hdng hai \ ici Nanu2t)l5). iai Dieu 146 eiing quv djnh co hai loai hdp ddng van chuven hans hda bdng dffdng bien Id hdp ddng van chuyen theo chd'ng tff van chuvcn va hdp ddng thue tau ehuyen.
Theo khoan 1, quv dmh "Hdp ddng van chuyen hang hda theo ehffng tff van chuven Id hdp ddng van chuvcn hang hda bdng dudng bien dUdc aiao kcl vdi dieu kicn ngffdi \,in chuven khdng phai danh cho ngirdi thuc van chuyen nguyen lau hodc
mdt phdn tau cu the' ma ehi cdn cff vao ehung loai, so'Iffdng, kieh thffdc hodc trgng Iffdng eiia hang hda dc van ehuyen"
Hdp ddng \an chuven theo chffng tff vSn chuye'n hay edn goi la hdp ddng thue tau chg Ihffdng dffdc dp dung trong cac irffdng hdp chii hang cd khdi lffdng hang hda khdng ldn, chii yeu la nhffng Id hang le, giffa cang di va eang den cd luven dffdng tau ehd. Tau chd Id tau chay thffdng xuven iren mdl tu\cn difdng nha't dinh, ghe qua nhffng cang nhd't dinh theo mgt lich trinh dinh infdc. Do tau chay iheo mdt ludng cd sdn. cd lich irinh djnh trffdc nen ehii hang ed the dff kicn thdi gian giao hang, ddng thdi tinh toan dffdc chi phi van chuyen vi gia cffdc thuc tau chd da dffdc quy dinh sdn trong bieu mSu. Tuy nhien, hdp ddng ndy khi Ihffc hiijn cd nhffde diem Id ne'u cang xd'p dd hang niim ngoai hch trinh quy dinh cua lau lhi vigc id chffc ehuyen chdsc trd nen Ihie'u linh boat. Nhd hdp ddng ndy, chu hang cd the chii ddng thue chd bat cff loai hang ndo, khdng han che ve sd Iffdng,
\ae dmh dffdc thdi gian giao hang tai cang va khdng phai lo vide xe'pdd hanghda len xud'ng tau (trach nhiem nay thugc ve chii tau). Ngffdc Iai, do chi phi xe'p dd da dffdc tinh trong bieu cffdc nen cffdc phi tdu chd Iudn d mffc cao va ngffdi thue van chuyen niud'n giam gid cffdc thi phai thdng qua Ihffdng lUdng dam phan. Han che ldn nha't ciia loai phffdng thffc nay la ngffdi thue van chuyen khdng dUdc Iff do thda thuan cae dieu kien chuyen chd ma thffdng phai chd'p nhan eac didu khoan do ehu tau in sdn trong van ddn du'dng bien. Thu tuc ky ket hdp ddng thue tau chd ra'l ddn gian va nhanh chdng. De lffu khoang tdu chd, thdng thffdng ngffdi thue chd yeu cau ngudi chuyen chd hay dai ly thue tau lffu khoang mot phan chiec tdu chd hang cho minh. Neu ngffdi chuyen ehd ddng y thi giffa hai ben ky ke't hdp ddng chuyen chd sd bg (Booking note) vdi mffc cffdc nha't dinh.
Sau khi hang hda dffdc xep len tau, ngffdi van chuyen hoae dai dien cua hg cap phat cho ngffdi gffi hang mot chffng tff chuyen chd hang hda bang dffdng bien goi id van ddn dudng bien (Bill of Lading). Day la van ban phap iy dieu chinh quan he giffa ngffdi van chuyen va ngffdi gffi hang. Mgi quyen ldi, nghia vu va trach nhiem lien quan de'n viec van chuyen giffa ngUdi thue ehd va ngffdi
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chuvC-n chd dffdc dieu chinh theo cdc dieu khoan ciia van ddn. Van ddn Id bdng chffng duy nha't xac djnh vd chi ro ngi dung ciia hdp dong ehuyen ehd hdng hda bang lau chd dd dffdc ky ke't. Chinh vi vay cd the cho rdng, chuyen chd hang hda bdng tau chd Id chuyen chd theo vdn ddn dffdng bien. Van ddn dffdng bie'n la cd sd phdp ly de giai quye't cac tranh chap xav ra ve sau giffa ngffdi phat hanh van ddn va ngffdi cam giff van ddn.
Theo khoan 2, Dieu 146, Bd luat Hdng hai (2015) quy dinh: Hdp ddng van ehuyen theo chuye'n la hdp ddng van chuyen hdng hda bang dffdng bien, dffdc giao ket vdi dieu kien ngffdi van chuyen ddnh cho ngffdi thue van chuyen nguyen idu hodc mot phan tdu cu the de van chuyen hang hda theo chuye'n.
Theo hdp ddng van chuyen iheo chuye'n thi chii lau cho ngffdi thue tau todn bg hay mdt phan chiec taudc chuy€n chd hang hda tff cang nay de'n cang khde vd dffde hudng tien eifdc chuyen chd theo quy dinh cua hdp ddng thue tau do hai ben thda thudn ky kel.
Hdp ddng vdn chuyen theo chuye'n dffdc sff dung trong phffdng thffc thue tdu chuye'n. Tau chuye'n dffdc hieu la loai tdu khdng chay thffdng xuyen tren mdt tuye'n dffdng nha't dinh, khdng di qua nhffng eang nha't dinh va khdng theo mdt lich trinh dd dinh trffdc. Trong phifdng thffc thue tau chuye'n, tdu khdng chay theo Uch trinh cd'dinh nhff lau chd, ma theo yeu cau ciia chu hang.
Khde vdi tau chd, tau chuyen hoat dgng khong theo mdt heh trinh dinh trffdc, ma lich trinh eua nd dtfdc dat ra theo yeu cau cua ngffdi thu^ tau. Hang hda chuyen chd trong hdp ddng thue tau chuyen thffdng la day tdu va difdc van chuyen nhanh. Do khong phai ghe qua cdc cang dinh trffdc nhff trffdng
hdp van chuyen bang tau chd. nen gia cffdc van chuyen re hdn. Mat khac. tau ed the thay doi ciing xep. cang dd mgt each de dang nen hdp ddng ed tinh Iinh boat cao.
Hdp ddng thue tau chuven la van ban phap lv rang budc nghTa vu ciia ngu'di thue van tai va ngu'di van tai. Hdp ddng thue lau chuye'n thdng thffdng du'de dam phan, ky ket theo mgt thu tuc phffc tap hdn nhieu so vdi thue lau chd. Mgi dieu khoan deu dffdc hai ben tif do thifdng Iffdng tren cdsd binh ddng cungcd ldi nhdm xdc dinh quyen va nghia vu ciia cdc ben dd'i vdi nhau. Ngffdi ehuyen ehd trong hdp ddng thue tau chuyen cd the la chli tau nhung eung ed the la ngffdi thue tau Clia ngffdi khac de chuyen chd kinh doanh thu tien cffdc. Ngffdi thue tdu de van chuyen hang hda cd the la ngffdi xuat khau va eung cd the la ngifdi nhap khau.
3. Ke't luan
Hdp ddng van chuyen hang hda quo'c t6 bang dffdng bien la ioai hdp ddng phd bien trong thffdng mai va hang hai. nhung cung la hdp ddng phffc lap, lien quan de'n nhieu khia canh khac nhau ciia quan he thffdng mai \a hang hai qudc te. Dffa vao cac da'u hieu cd ban. ta cd the nhan dang hdp ddng van chuyen hang hda quo'c te bdng dffdng bien khac so vdi eae loai hdp ddng cd ye'u to' quo'c te' khac, do ed nhffng dac thu rieng. Hieu bie't dffdc hdp ddng van chuyen hang hda qudc te bdng dffdng bien se gdp phan dang ke vdo viec nang cao hieu bie't eua cd nhan, td chffc ve luat hang hai quo'c te, bao ve dffdc quyen va ldi ich ehinh dang cua cac ben khi tham gia ki ket vd thffc hien hdp ddng, Tren cd sd dd, phdt trien dich vu van tai hang hda qud'e le bdng dffdng bien va tao dieu kien thuan ldi de phat trien thffdne mai bans hai cua Viet Nam •
TAI LIpU THAM KHAO:
1. Slewan E. Sierk (1994). The Margined Relevance of Choice of Law Tlieon.-. 142 U Pa L. Rev. 949. tr, 10.
2. C6ng Ifdc Clia Lien hdp qudc ve hdp ddng mua ban hang hda quo'c te'(CISG 1980) - United Naiions Cdnveniion on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
3. Hoang The Lien (chu bien) (2006). Hdi nhdp kinb te'cpwc te'iTdi lieu Boi dudng ngdnh Ttf plidp). Nxb Tif phap.
Ha Noi.^
So 7 - T h d n g 4/2020 49
TAP n i cone Tiililiit
4 C n , irac quoc lO Aonj nhi. m6, so , „ , .Sc si vjn dem d.an_= bii?n. ggi li. la Cong dctc Brussels nam 1924 [Quv ijf Hague).
5. Cong Ifdc Licn hdp quoc v^ vJn chuven hang hda bdng di/dng hic'i. 1978 (Quy lac Hamburg).
ft Quric hpi nirdc Cong h6.i .\a hgi chu nghia \ lel N..ni (ZOl-^l. Bd ludt Hdng lidi.
7 Maritime Code of Ihe Peoples Republic of China 1992.
>s The Mi.r^hant Shipping Code of Ukraine 1995.
9 Thi. shipping law of Singapore 2007.
Nj;a\ nhgnbai: 16/3/2020
Ngav phan bi^n danh gia vii si^a chffa: 26/3/2020 Ngiiy chS'p nhSn dang bai: ft/4/2ll2ll Tlic'im; till idc gid:
TS. H.\ \ i i : T H i ' N ( ;
Giang viCn Khoa Phap lufit Qud'e te Trffdng Dai hgc Luat H:i Ngi
DISCUSSING CONCEPTS OF INTERNATIONAL SEA CARGO TRANSPORTATION CONTRACTS
• Ph.D HA VIET HUNG Lecturer, Faculty of International Low
Hanoi Law University ABSTRACT:
This article analv/CN and introduces the complete concept of international contract of sea cargo transportation in order to distinguish it from other contracts involving foreign elements.
This anielc aKo analyzes other types of contracts of international sea cargo transportation according to Vietnam's maritime lavss. contributing to improving the understanding of individuals and organizations regarding the International Maritime Law, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of parties involved in signing and implementing the contract.
Kevv\ords; International sea cargo transportation, international contracts. Vietnamese maritime laws.
50 So 7 • Thdng 4/2020
