Thay huyet tu'dng cd tfnh an toan cao, bien chiTng hay gap nhat la phan iTng dj iTng va tinh trang giam ddng mau ngay sau khi thay huyet tu'dng, tuy nhien cac bien chiTng nay khdng gay nguy hiem den tinh mang benh nhan va trd ve binh thu'dng sau vai tieng khi ket thiic.
T A I UEU T H A M K H A O
1. Nguyen cong Tan. "Danh gia dU phong xep phoi d benh nhan liet cd hd hap dUpc thong khi nhan tao vdi ap lUc duong cudi thi thd ra" Luan van thac si. 2002
2 Andre A Kaplan, Joy L Fridey. "Complications of therapeutic plasma exchange", UpToDate CD (2009) version 17.3
3. Asbury, AK, Comblath, DR. "Assessment of current diagnostic criteria for Guillain-Barre syndrome" Ann Neurol 1990; 27 Suppl:21-24
4. Haupt W.F. "Recent Advances of Therapeutic Apheresis in Guillain-Barre Syndrome" Ther Apher, Vol 4, No 4, 2000: 271- 274
5. Lehmann M.C; Hartung H.P; Hetzel H.Z;
Stuve. O; Kieseir B.C. "Plasma exchange in neuroimmunological disorders" Arch Neurol.
(2008) 63: 1066-1071
6 Mohammed Atiq Dada and AndrD A Kaplan.
"Plasmapheresis treatment in Guillain-Barre' syndrome" Ther Apher Dial, Vol 8, No 5, 2004:
409-412
7. Nikolina Basic-Jukic, Petar Kes, Snjezana Glavas-Boras. "Complications of therapeutic plasma exchange: Experience with 4857 treatments" Ther Apher Dial, Vol 9, No 5, 2005:
391-395 7
NGHIEN CLfU MOI LIEN QUAN G I Q A D O DAY L 6 P NOI TRUNG MAC
• • •
DONG MACH CANH V6l MOT SO YEU TO NGUY CO TIM MACH
• • • - •
d NGUdl CAO TUOI
Le Thj Ve*, Nguyin Thi Kim Thuy*
T O M T A T
Cd sd: Tudi cao, tang huyfe'f ap, rdi loan lipid mau, beo phi, hut thudc la la nhumg y^u \6 gSy vaa xd ddng mach.
Cac y^u to nay li§n quan den dp day Idp ndi trung mac thanh ddng mach canh lei yfe'u td nguy co ddc lap du b^o cac bidn cd tim mach. Muc dich: Tim hieu md'i lien quan giua mpt sd yeu td nguy co tim mach vdi dd day Idp ndi trung mac ddng mach canh d ngudi cao tudi Odi tUdng: Gdm 90 benh nhan ddn kham va didu tri tai Benh vien 108 tU 7/2007 4/2008. Trong do 52 nam, 38 nOr, Tudi trung binh (68,3
±8,3), dao ddng (60-82 tudi). Phuong phap nghien cifu:
Nghien ciru tidn ciru, md ta cat ngang. Cac b6nh nhan dupe kham iam sang, xet nghifem mau, difin tam dd. Su dung phudng phap sifeu am B- mode do Idp ndi - trung mac ddng mach canh. Sd lifiu thdng k6 dupe M ly tr6n phan mdm SPSS 15.0. Ket luan: Dp day Idp ndi frung mac va ty 16 dp day Idp nOi tmg mac tr6n dudng kinli Idng ddng mach canh Chung d cac bfenh nhan cao tudi cd tang huydt ap, rdi loan lipid mau, thira can, hut thudc la cao hon so vdi nhdm bfenh nhan khdng cd ydu td nguy cd (p <0,05).
Tir khoa: Tudi cao, tang huydt ^p, rdi loan lipid mau, beo phi, hilt thudc la, dd day Idp ndi trung mac ddng mach canh
* Benh vien 108
PBKH: PGS.TS. Nguyin Van Quynh
SUMMARY
STUDY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTIMA- MEDIA THICKNESS CAROTID ARTERY WITH SOME CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN ELDERLY Background: Old age. hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking are factors that cause atherosclerosis.
These factors are related to the high desert thickness internal carotid artery are independent risk factors predicting cardiovascular events Purpose: Understanding the relationship between some cardiovascular risk factors witti intima media thickness carotid artery in the elderly.
Subjects and Method: Sun/ey 90 patients examined and treated at 108 Hospital from January 7/2007- 4/2008, including 52 males and 38 females; the mean age (68.3 + 8.3), range: 60-82 years. Research Methodology:
prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional. Patients received clinical examination, blood tests, ECG. Using the method of B-mode ultrasonic measuring internal carotid artery high desert. Statistics are processed on SPSS 15.0 software Conclusion: The high desert inner layer thickness and thickness ratio on the content and opening kinhlong common carotid artery in elderly patients with hypertension,
Y HOC VIET NAM THANG 1 0 - S O 1/2011 dyslipidemia, ovenweight, smoking is higher than patients
with no risk factors (p <0.05).
Keywords: Elderly, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, smoking, high desert thickness intemal carotid artery
I.
OAT VAN OECac yeu to nguy co nhu tang huyfi't ap (THA), r6i loan lipid mau, beo phi, hiit thudc la la nhOng y§'u td lien quan den vu'a xp dpng mach (VXOM) dac biet d ngudi tudi cao cd thdm cac ydu td nguy co nay ty Id bie'n cd tim mach tang Idn rd rdt, dd danh gia anh hudng cua cac yeu td nay ddn cau triic ciia thanh mach, nhieu nghien ciru trdn thd gidi vd trong nude da diing phuong phap sidu dm B- mode tham dd Idp ndi trung mac ddng mach canh. Hdi tim mach hpc Hoa Ky cung da cdng nhan dd ddy Idp ndi trung mac thanh OMC la mdt yeu td nguy co du bao cac bid'n cd tim mach nhu thieu mau co tim cue bd, ddt qui. Muc tidu ciia nghien ciru: Tim hieu mdi lidn quan giii'a mdt sd yeu td nguy co tim mach vdi dd day Idp ndi trung mac thanh ddng mach canh 6 ngudi cao tudi
II. OOI TUONG VA PHUONG P H A P NGHIEN CDU 1. Doi ti/png nghien cifu: G6m 90 bdnh nhdn ddn kham va didu tri tai Bdnh vidn 108 tir 7/2007 4/2008. Trong dd 52 nam, 38 ni?. Tudi trung binh (68,3
±8,3), dao ddng (60-82 tudi)Tidu chuan chpn bdnh nhan: Cac bdnh nhSn dupe lua chpn ddu cd tudi > 60 tudi
Tidu chuan loai tri;: bdnh nhdn ed tudi < 60 tudi, bdnh nhdn bi suy than, THA thir phat, rdi lipid mau do hdi chirng than hu..
2. PhiTPng phap nghien ciifU: Nghidn ciru tid'n ciru, md ta, eat ngang
2.1 Cac benh nhan dupe kham ldm sang, xet nghidm mau, didn tdm dd, sidu dm Doppler OM canh
2.2. Cac tieu chuan chan doan dddc s^dung trong nghien cdU
+ Cha'n doan va phdn dd THA theo JNC Vll [1]
+ Chan doan va phan loai rdi loan lipid mau theo khuydn eao cua Hdi Tim mach hoe Viet Nam nam 2008 [3]
+ Tidu chuan chan doan bdo phi: dua theo tidu ehua'n cho ngudi Odng Nam A 2001.
Phan loai Gay
Binh thudng Tang can
+ Beo phi dp 1 + Beo phi dp 2
Tieu chuan (kg/m^)
<18,5 18,5-22,9
23 - 24,9 25-29,9
>30 + Sidu am: hd thd'ng sidu dm Doppler mau
SONOS 7500, dau dd da tan 2 4 MHz dat tai khoa chan doan chirc nang Bdnh vien TWQO 108. SCr dung phupng phap sidu dm B- mode do Idp ndi - trung mac ddng mach canh 2 bdn
Vi tri do: Dudi chd chia ddi cua OMC chung khoang 2 cm.
Cac thdng sd do: Oo dd day ndi trung mac (ODNTM), do dudng kfnh Idng mach (OKLM) cua OMC Chung, tfnh t^ sd ODNTM/ OKLM cua OMC chung.
XLT ly thd'ng kd: Dung thuat toan thd'ng kd y hpc tinh sd trung binh, dp lech chuan, so sanh 2 sd trung binh, 2 ty' Id, tfnh tuong quan gida 2 dai lupng theo chuong trinh phan mem SPSS 15.0.
III. KET QUA NGHIEN ClfU
Bang 1. Oac didm chung cua nhdm nghidn ciru Dac diem
Tudi Gidi
Nam NO cac yeu td nguy co Tien sir nghien thudc la THA
BMI >23
Rdi loan lipid mau
Sd BN (n=90) 68,3 ±8,3
52 38 39 52 34 54
Ty le %
57,7 42,3 43,3 57,7 37,8 60%
Y HOC VIET NAM THANG 10 - SO 1/2011
Tudi trung binh eiia nhdm nghidn ciru 68,3, [^ Id nam 52 (57,7%), nO 38 (42,3%). Yd'u td nguy eo gap nhidu nhat Id rdi loan lipid mau (60%), Tang huyd't dp (57,7), nghidn thud'c Id (43,3%), beo phi (37,8%).
Bang 2. Dd ddy Idp ndi trung mac OMC chung 6 BN trdn vd dudi 70 tudi Chi sd
DDNTM (mm) DKLM (mm) DDNTM/OKLM
<70 tuoi _(n^47)_
1,21 ±0,2J 8^04 I 0,88 0,15 + 0,02
•70 tuoi (n=43J__
1,49 t 0,27 8,77 t_0,98_
0,171 0,03
<0,05
>0,05
<0,05
M/OKLM ciia ngudi >70 tudi cao hon so vdi ngudi < 70 Od day Idp ndi trung mac DMC chung vd ty Id DNl
tudi (p<0,05)
Bang 3. Dd day Idp nOi trung mac OMC chung d BN cd vd khdng ed THA Chi so
ODNTM (mm) OKLM (mm) DDNTM/OKLM
J H A (n=52)^
1,27 t 0,25 8,43 + 0,73 0,15 < 0,03
Khdng THA (n=38) 1,43 ±0,29 8,43 11,07 0,17 ±0,03
<0,05
>0,05
<0,05
Kd't qua nghidn ciru cho thay DDNTM, ty sd DDNTM/OKLM ciia cdc bdnh nhan THA Idn hon so vdi nhdm bdnh nhdn khdng THA vdi (p<0,05)
Bang 4. Hinh thai ddng mach canh chung d bdnh nhan cd hiit thudc va khdng hiit thudc la
Chi so Khong hut thuoc
(n^51J
Co hilt thuoc (n= 39) ODNTM (mm)
1,21 ±0,18 1,40 ±0,28 <0,05
DKLM (mm) 7,98 ± 0,85 8,34 ±1,08 >0,05
ODNTM/OKLM 0,15 ±0,02 0,17 ±0,03 <0,05
Ke't qua nghien ciru cho tha'y ODNTM, ty sd ODNTM/OKLM cua cac benh nhdn ed hiit thudc la cao hon so vdi nhdm khdng hut thud'c la (p<0,05.
Bang 5. Od day Idp ndi trung mac DMC chung d BN BMI Idn va nho hon 23
Chi sd BMK23
(n= 56)
BMI>23 (n=34)
ODNTM (mm) 1,19±0,16 1,38 ±0,22 <0,05
DKLM (mm) 8,10 ±0,82 8,46 ± 0,95 >0,05
ODNTM/OKLM 0,15 ±0,02 0,16 ±0,03 <0,05
Kdt qua nghidn ciru cho tha'y ODNTM, ty sd DDNTM/OKLM cua cdc bdnh nhdn THA cd >23 Idn hon so vdi nhdm bdnh nhdn THA ed BMI< 23 vdi (p<0,05)
Bang 6. Od ddy Idp ndi trunq mac OMC chung d BN ed vd khdng ed rdi loan lipid mau Chi sd
ODNTM (mm) OKLM (mm) ODNTM/OKLM
Khong RL lipid mau (n= 36) 1,2 ±0,2 8,3 ±0,9 0,15 ±0,02
Co RL lipid mau (n=54) 1,4 ±0,3 8,52 ±1,2 0,16 ±0,04
P
<0,05
>0,05
<0,05
Kd't qua nghidn ciru cho tha'y ODNTM, t^ sd ODNTM/OKLM cua cdc bdnh nhdn cd RL lipid mau Idn hon so vdi nhdm bdnh nhdn khdng cd RL lipid mau (p<0,05)
IV. B A N LUAN ciru khd cao. Tudi cao Id mdt yd'u td nguy co ddc lap Qua khao sat dd day Idp ndi trung mac OMC d 90 li^n quan dd'n qua trinh xo curng mach mau va VXDM, bdnh nhdn, tudi trung binh (68,3± 8,3),'trong dd 52 "hidu nghidn ciru da chumg minh tudi cao lidn quan nam va 38 nO' thay dd tudi trung binh cua nhdm nghidn <3d'n str gia tang dp day Idp ndi trung mac la yd'u td tidn
Y HOC VIET NAM THANG 1 0 - S O 1/2011
lupng benh DMV vd dot quj. Ke't qua eiia nghidn ciru rang huyd't dp ed tuong quan chat che vdi chi sd BMI nay cho tha'y dd day Idp ndi trung mac OMC chung va va eae chi sd nhdn trac hoc khac nhu ehi sd eo - hdng.
t^ Id ODNTM/OKLM ciia ngudi >70 tudi eao hon so vdi Cac nghidn ciru trudc ddy cung da bao cao dd ddy ciia ngudi < 70 tudi (p<0,05 va p<0,05) (Bang 2). Kd't qua Idp md dudi da cd lidn quan dd'n dd day Idp ndi mac nghien ciru phii hpp vdi nghien ciru ciia Madhuri V va ddng mach canh [5]. Vasilios T vd CS nghidn ciru lidn CS (2010) danh gia dd day Idp ndi trung mac d 60 BN quan giura beo phi vdi 66 ddy Idp ndi trung mae OMC tudi dao ddng tir 20-80, loai trir cac yd'u td nguy eo nhu trdn 313 dd'i tuong khdng THA dupe chia thanh 4 THA, rdi loan lipid mau, hiit thud'c la, cac tac gia rut ra nhdm theo tidu ehuan cua INH: thid'u eSn, binh thudng, ke't luan ed md'i lien quan cd y nghTa giira tudi vdi dd thira can, beo phi. 4 nhdm cd tudi, gidi tuong ty nhu day cua Idp ndi trung mac OMC (p<0,001 [6]. nhau. Khao sat dd day Idp ndi trung mac OMC bang Tang huyd't dp (THA) cung la ydu td nguy cp cd phuong phap si6u am B- mode. Kd't qua cho tha'y dp lien quan quan manh me dd'n eae bid'n chirng tim day Idp ndi trung mac OMC tang Idn ciing vdi ehi sd mach, THA gdy tdn thuong nhidu dd'n cau true va BMI. Dd day ndi trung mac OMC cao hon a nhdm bdo chirc nang cua mach mau, cac nghien ciru ddu riit ra phi so vdi nhdm cd eSn nang binh thudng (p<0,01) va ke't luan THA cd lidn quan vdi dd day Idp ndi trung mac thid'u eSn (p<0,001). Cung tuong ty dd day Idp ndi DMC. Kd't qua nghidn cuu cua chiing tdi cung phu hpp trung mae d nhdm thda can eao hon so vdi nhdm can vdi ke't luan eiia cac tac gia. 6 nhdm BN THA, dd day nang binh thudng (p<0,05). Cac tac gia dua ra ke't luan Idp ndi trung mac va ty sd DDNTM/OKLM eiia cac beo phi la mdt yd'u td quan trpng vdi VXOM canh [7]
benh nhdn THA Idn hon so vdi nhdm bdnh nhdn khdng Mdt sd nghien cdu ve dich t§ hpc da chdng minh THA ( p<0,05 vd p<0,05) (Bang 3). Nghien cuu cua rdi loan lipid mau la mdt yeu to nguy co doe lap eiia Lemne C va CS (1995) d 73 bdnh nhdn nam tang VXOM, do tac ddng gay bie'n ddi cau true trong thanh huyd't ap gidi han (HA tdm truong 85-94 mmHg) so vdi ddng mach dac trung bdi lang dpng lipid va vidm thanh 72 ngudi khoe lam chdng cd HA binh thudng ket qua mach hinh thanh cac mang vffa xo din de'n thanh nhdm THA gidi han dp day Idp ndi trung mae DMC ddng mach bi day len. Ke't qua nghien cdu cua chung tang hon so vdi nhdm chirng (0,73± so vdi 0,69±; tdi cung phii hpp vdi ke't luan nay, d nhdm ed rdi loan p<0,05). Ngoai ra eae tac gia cdn ke't luan d cac BN lipid mau DDNTM, ty sd DDNTM/OKLM cao hon so THA cd mang bam VXDM nhieu hon so vdi nhdm HA vdi nhdm benh nhan khdng cd rdi loan lipid mau (1,4 ± binh thudng (18% so vdi 6%; p<0,05). Qua nghien cdu 0,3mm so vdi 1,2 ± 0,2mm; p<0,05 va 0,16 ± 0,04 so ndy mt ra ket luan nhurng thay ddi cau true mach mau vdi 0,15 ± 0,02; p<0,05)(Bang 6). Ke't qua nghien cdu xay ra ngay ca khi HA tang gidi han va cd lien quan cua chung tdi phii hpp vdi nghien cdu eiia Baldassarre den nguy eo VX0M[5] D va CS (2002), danh gia dp day Idp ndi trung mac Hut thudc la la mdt yeu td nguy co gay VXDM do thanh ddng mac canh d 50 BN ed rdi loan lipid mau so kfch kich gia tang dp day thanh OM, Ke't qua nghien sanh 55 ngudi ciing tudi, gidi khdng cd rdi loan lipid cdu cho thay ODNTM, t^ sd DDNTM/OKLM cua cac mau ke't qua thu dupe dp day Idp npi trung mac eiia bdnh nhdn cd hut thudc la eao hon so vdi nhdm khdng nhdm ed rdi loan lipid mau eao hon so vdi nhdm dupe hut thudc la (p< 0,05 va p< 0,05) (Bang 4) Nghien cdu kiem soat tdt ve lipid mau (0,94 ± 0,06 so vdi 0,69 ± cua chiing tdi cung tuong ty nhu cua Jovelic S va CS 0,04 mm, p = 0,004, va 1,86 ± 0,16 so vdi 1,35 ± 0,10 (2005) khao sat dp day Idp ndi trung mae OMC tren 39 mm, p = 0,025). Phat hien nay ed y nghTa lam sang phi cdng tudi trung binh (37,05 ± 6,66 tudi) hut thud'c can phai kiem soat tdt lipid mau ngan ngira bie'n chdng la so vdi 49 phi cdng khdng hut thud'c tudi trung binh tim mach [2]
V. KET LUAN:
(35,12 ± 7,39) lam chdng. Cac tac gia tha'y dp day Idp ndi trung mac ciia OMC chung 2 ben cua ngudi hut
thud'c cao hon so vdi ngudi khdng hut thud'c (p<0,05). ' ' " 0 ^ 3 " S sat ddng mach canh cua 90 benh nhdn Phat hipn nay chi ra VXOM sdm xuat hien 0 cac phi ^^^ ^.^ ^^ ^^ |^.^ ^^^.
cdng tudi trung nien cd hut thud_c la[4]. ^ ^ ^^y l^p ^^j t^^^g ^^ac va t^ Id do day Idp ndi Cac nghien cdu ve djch td hpc da chung nninh ro ^^^ j ^ . ^ ^^^^g ^-^^ l^^g ^^^g ^ ^ ^ ^ ^, ^^ ^^^^g rang cd sy tuong quan giOa trpng lupng CP the va ^ ^ . ^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^3^ ^^.^ ^^ t^^g ^^^^ ^^^ ^.j ,^3^
THA. Trong mdt nghien cdu cua Framingham 70% cac ^ , ^ ^ ^^^^ ^.^_ ^^^ ^^^^^ ,, ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^. ^^^^
trudng hpp THA cd beo phi. Cac nghidn cuu da ehi ra ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^.^g ^ y.^ j . ^g^y ^^ ^p <o gg^
Y HQC VIET NAM THANG 10 - SO 1/2011
T A I UEU THAM K H A O
1. Pham Nguyin Vinh (2010), Didu tri rdi loan lipid mau:
chidn lupc didu tri sau NCEP-ATP III (Treatment of Dyslipidemia Strategic Management after the NCEP- ATP III guidelines), Bao cao chuy6n dd
2. Baldassarre D, Amato M, Pustina L, Tremoll E, Sirtorl CR, CalabresI L, Franceschlnl G (2002), Increased Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Subjects With Primary Hypoalphalipoproteinemia.
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology , 22: 317-322
3. Health Care Guideline:Hypertension Diagnosis and Treatment, Thirteenth Edition November 2010, Institute for clinical systems improvement
4. Jovelic S. Haldukovid Z. Jovelic A. Raden S (2005), Cigarette smoking in military pilots and intima-media thickness of the carotid rteries, l/o/nosan/f Preql , 62(5):365-70.
5. Lemne C. Jogestrand T, de Faire U.(1995), Carotid intima-media thickness and plaque in borderline hypertension. 5/AoAre,26(1):34-9.
6 Madhuri V, Chandra S, Jabbar A (2010), Age associated increase in tima media thichness adults, Indian J Physiol Pharmacol; 54 (4): 371-375
7 Vasilios T. Kotsis, Stella V. Stabouli, Christos M. Papamlchael and NIkos A. Zakopoulos(2006), Impact of Obesity in Intima Media Thickness of Carotid Arteries, Obesity tA. 1708-1715.
NGHIEN CLTU BIEN
CHLTNGCUA BENH HEP VAN HAI LA DO THAP TAI BENH VIEN H Q U NGHI VIET TIEP - HAI PHONG
• • • • a •
Trjnh Thj Ly*
TOM
TATMuc dich ciia nghien ciru la xac djnh cac bien chumg cua benh hep van hai la (HVHL) do thap, sU thudng gap ciia cac bien chu'ng va moi lien quan giiJa mpt so bien chuYig vdi mdc do hep van. Nghien cdu dupe tien hanh tren 187 benh nhan (BN) HVHL do thap CO tudi trung binh la 51,5 ± 12,0 (136 nQ", 51 nam) dieu tri tai khoa Tim mach benh vien Viet Tiep Hai Phong trong 2 giai doan: tirthang 1/2004 ddn thang 6/2005 (nghien cdu tren 134 BN) va tir thang 8/2007 den thang 8/2008 (nghien cdu tren 53 BN). HVHL do thap va cac bien chu'ng cua benh HVHL do thap dUpc chan doan xac dinh dUa vao cac tieu chuan chan doan trong cac tai lieu giang day sau dai hoc.
Ket qua: Hau het BN HVHL do thkp (96,63%) vao vien vi bien chu'ng ciia benh. Ty le cac bien chuTig nhU sau: 100% co suy tim, trong do suy tim dp III-IV chiem 80,22%; 97,33% co roi loan nhip va dan truyen, trong do rung nhi chiem 82,89%; 27,27% co bien chu'ng nhiem khuan, trong do nhiem khuan d phoi chiem 26,74%. 21,93% co t3c mach, trong do tSc mach nao chiem 20,32%. Co lien quan giijci mdc dp hep VHL vdi ty le bien chu'ng rung nhi, huyet khoi nhi trai va tac mach. Co lien quan giii'a mirc dp suy tim vdi ty le bien chu'ng rung nhi, tac mach va boi nhiem phdi.
*SdYte-Hai Phong
PBKH: PGS.TS. Nguyen Ngoc Sang
SUMMARY
Aims of this study is to define the complication, frequence of complication in rheumatic mitral stenosis disease and the relation between some complications with degree of stenosis valve. Study was conducted on
187 patients affected Rheumatic mitral stenosis having an average age of 52,23 ± 9,61 (136 females, 51 males) hospitalized in cardiology of hospital Viet Tiep Hai Phong in 2 periods: from January 2004 to june 2005 (study on 134 patients) and from august 2007 to august 2008 (study on 53 patients). Rheumatic mitral stenosis and complications of disease was diagnosed by the diagnostic criteria in the literature postgraduate teaching. Results: Most of patients (96,63%) hospitalized for reason of complication. The frequence of complications as follows: 100% had heart failure, in which the heart failure III-IV degree accounted for 80.22%; 97.33% had arrhythmias conduction, in which atrial fibrillation accounted for 82.89%; 27.27%
have infections, in which the lung infection accounted for 26.74%; 21.93% had embolism, including cerebral embolism accounted for 20.32%. These are the correlation between the degree of stenosis valve with frequence of atrial fibrillation, left atrial thrombosis and embolism. These are the correlation between the degree of heart failure with frequence of atrial fibrillation, pulmonary embolism and lung infection.
