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TAC DQNG CUA VIEC LONG GHEP TAI CHINH VAO XOA DOI GIAM NGHEO THONG QUA CAC NGAN HANG H0P TAC
• LE MINH TRANG
T 6 M TAT:
Muc dich cua bai viet nay la trinh bay tac dgng cua viec diTa tai chinh v^o x6a d6i gidm nghdo thong qua cac ngan hang hcfp tac. Nghien cu'u cho tha'y, viec long gh6p tai chinh thong qua cac ngan hang hdp tde co tac dpng trdc tiep vh. ddng ke de'n viec x6a ddi gidm ngh^o.
Ket qua cua nghien ciJu g6p ph^n giup cdc nhd hoaeh dinh chinh sdch vd cdc b6n lien quan khde cua cdc ngan hang hdp tde trong viec thuc day thdi quen ngan hang cua cdc hg gia dinh nghdo d cd cap quo'c gia va quo'c te.
Tuf khoa: Tai chinh, xoa d6i giam ngheo, ngan hang.
1. Dat \a'n d4
Tai chi'nh thong qua cac ngan hang hdp tac Ihu'dng du'de coi la mpt each hieu qua de giam ngheo. \'l tiep cSn tai chinh cho phep cac dai ly kinh te diTa ra quye't dmh lieu dQng va dau tif dai han; iham gia vao cac hoat dong san xua't va do'i phd vdi nhffng cu sd'c nga'n han ba't ngd (Caskey va cgng sff. 2006). Tai ehinh vffa la mgt hen ket quan trgng dau tien (Lakshmiand Valuakshmi, 201.1) . 2009: Chakrabart\, 2011). Tang cffdng khd nang tiep can tin dung ctia ngi/di ngheo eho phep hp thoat ngheo bang each dau ta vao nguon nhan lffc va doanh nghiep sieu nho cua ho iSukhIa va edng su.. 2012: Chibango. 2014).
Hieu difdc md'i lien he giu'a bao gom tai chinh, ngheo ddi va bat binh dang thu nhap d cap qudc gia .se giup cac nha hoaeh dinh chinh sach thi^t ke va thifc hien cac chffdng trinh md rdng khd nang tiep can cac dich vu tai chinh, dan den giam ty le ngheo va binh dang thu nhap (World Bank, 2001). Ngoai ra, sff bao gom tai chinh thdng qua cac ngan hang hdp tac cd ti^m niing giam ngheo va dieu kien kinh te'dieu kien kinh te tai chinh. Cdc san pham va djch vu tai chinh mdi dac biet nham de'n ngi/di ngheo 6 ndng thon CO the phat trien. phdt trien kinh te, phdt trien kmh te, tang tru'dng va giam ngheo (Kelkar, 2010; Devaki, 2008).
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2. Crf sdly thuye't
Sd tdng trffdng toan dien eua nen kinh te' khfing the mang lai edng bang xa hoi vd sif phat trien trif khi di ddi vdi giam ngheo va tao cdhpi
\iecUmchocdc bd phan xa hpi bj tffdc doat va bi thifit thdi (Chibango, 2014; Donnan, 2015).
Moi de dpa cua sff lac hdu, dff thffa va nghdo Jdi dan xen tao thanh mdt vdng luan quan.
Nghdo ddi Id sff khan hie'm ndi ehung hoSc tinh Irang khan hiS'm hoae tinh trang cua mdt ngffdi thisu m^t iffdng tai san hoae tien bae nha't dinh.
Nd d^ cap den sff thie'u hut cac nhu cau cd ban ci]a con ngffdi, thffdng bao gom thufc pham.
nifdc, ve sinh. qu^n do, ndi d, cham sdc sffc khde va gido due. Ngheo ddi cung cd the dffdc hi^u Id mdt khia eanh ctia dja vi xa hdi bat dd'i xtfng va cdc mo'i quan he xa hdi khdng cdng bing. Dd la mOtrao can giffa quy^n ldi, tie'p can Ihu nhSp, vide lam va edc nhu eau cd bdn cua cu§c sd'ng. Ben canh dd, nhiing ngffdi ngheo va yfi'u hdn trong xa hpi phai dd'i mat vdi viec khai thdc cdc loai khde nhau bao gdm phan biet dd'i xi^xa hgi, lam han che'nhan thu'c ve quyen cua hg vd kha ndng cda hp trong viec truy cdp cdc Ihdng tin v^ chinh sdeh, Ngheo ddi la mgt trong nhifng van de cd't ldi cua mgi nen kinh te' tren loan the'gidi. Khoang 1,2 ty ngffdi - khoang 1/5 dfinsd the'gidi - sd'ng dffdi mffc ngheo kho cffe dO I do la mdt ngay vao cud'i nhffng nam 1990.
Neu chting ta sff dung ddng 2 dd la, con so' nay liing len 2,8 ty, hdn mdt nu'a dan s6' the' gidi (Ravallionetal. 2009).
Nghian cffu dffdc thffe hien bdi Sarath Chandra va Manju (2010) da chi ra rang tai ehinh gilip cac hpgia dinh ed thu nhap tha'p tiep can cde dichvu tai chinh cdban nhff tiet kiem, tin dung va b5o hiem, tif dd. thue day sff tff chu tai ehinh cua ho vii do dd khue'ch dai tang trffdng kinh te. Cac dich \ij tai chinh tang cffdng khdng chi lam tang tnfdng kinh te ma cdn giam ngheo va bat binh ddng thu nhap. Levine (1997) da ghi nhan. cde qud'e gia co so' Iffdng ldn cdc to chu'c tai chinh tiing Irffdng nhanh hdn trong nhiJng Ihap ky tie'p
theo. Mdt phan tich hoi quy giffa cdc qudc gia eho tha'y. cac quo'c gia cd GDP binh quan dau ngffdi thap, mffc dp ba't binh dang thu nhap tffdng dd'i cao hdn. ty le bie't chff tha'p. dd thi hda thap va ket nd'i kem du'dng nhff ii bao gdm lai ehinh (Sarmava Pais, 2008).
3. Vai tro ciia cdc h^p tac xa trong tin dung Ddng lffc chinh cho sU tSng tnrdng dd la mgt he thdng tai ehinh phdt trien va loan dien, md rdng kie'n ihffc tai chinh \a hdp ly hda cdc cdche cung ca'p lin dung (Manju va Mohika, 2014.
Chinh phu An Do. 2006). Trong mdi no lffc de xay dffng cac chinh sdch mdl cdch hieu qud, ngdn hang hdp tac va ede khoan thu nhap tha'p cua x:i hdi dffdc phan loai. Ca'u tnic ngan hang hdp lac dffdc thiet ketheo nguyen ta'c giup dd lan nhau.
md thanh \ ien, kiem soat dan chu, tham gia kinh le. liJ ehu, quan tam dao tao cho cdng dong, v.v.
(Anubuniani, 2007). Y thffc hdp tde Id rd'l can thie't de khai thac ngudn nang li/dng kinh le to ldn dang chd dffdc gia i phdng d nhu'ng ngffdi ngheo d ndng thdn (Ramji. 2013: Chibba, 2009). Kinh nghiem d cdc quo'c gia dang phdt trien cQng da xac nhan lai sff can thie'l cua cac ngdn hang hdp tde de dffa phan khuc nay vao nen kinh l£' chinh thd'ng (Mohan. 2006). Nga\ tif khi ba't dau. cdc ngan hang hdp tac da cho tha'y sU tSng trffdng VUdt bae ve sd' Iffdng va do phffc tap bang cdch cung ca'p tin dung to chffc vdi chi phi hdp ly. dSc biet la d khu vUe ndng thdn. nhffng kha nang ti6p can dich vu tai chinh dd'i vdi mdi ngffdi dSn thu'dng vdn la md ffdc dd'i vdi nhieu ngffdi dan ndng thdn (Banerjee \a Dffc Phanxied. 2014).
Bangchifngkinh te'\Tmd chira rang, cac cdng ty tdi chinh phat trien tai chinh, he thd'ng lai chinh phdt trien tai chinh. he thd'ng lai ehinh cua ngan hang, dude ca'p quyen. phdt trien taichinh xa hpi, ca'p quyen. phdt trien tai chinh xa hdi (Uma va cone su'. 2013: Paramasi\an va Ganeshkumar.
2013).
4. V nghTa va d^ nghj
Tren ed sd phan lich ndi tren. nhffng phat hien chinh eua nghien cffu nhu sau:
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(1) NgUdi ta tha\ rdng. nhffng ngffdi tham gia tin dung d ndng thdn dac biet la d viing heo ldnh it hai long vdi cde chffdng trinh xda ddi giam ngheo cua eae ngan hang hdp tac. Cac dich \u thieu thdng tin chinh thu'c, cac dich vu \ a thiet ke tai ehinh. djch vu khdng phii hdp, khdng thich hdp, khoang cdch md, cac chi tieu md tai khoan rffdm ra da dffde tim iha'\ la nhffng yeu td' hap dan nha't.
(2) Cac san pham \a dieh vu lai chinh khdng phu hdp va Ihieu Ihu nhap thUdng xuyen va dang ke' da dffdc coi la nguyen nhan loai trff cdc \ e u Id'lien quan den tai chinh. Dodd, cd the ke't luan rdng cac ngdn hang hdp tac da tha't bai trong viec thie't keede ehUdng trinh ung hd phu nffde dffa phu nff vao he thd'ng ngan hang chinh thffc.
(3) Ngffdi ta eung tha'y rdng. nhffng ngffdi thu hu'dng ed trinh dp chuyen mdn Iha'p phan ffng Ihd'p dd'i vdi cdc chffdng trinh xda ddi giam ngheo, dicu dd eho tha'y rdng hg khdng nhdn thffc day du ve ldi ich eiia cdc ehUdng trtnh bao gdm tai chinh do cac ngdn hang hdp tde eung ea'p vd khdng cd hoSc cd rat it kie'n thffc ve cdc san pha'm ngdn hang va dich vu.
(4) Mdl so'can bd cua cdc ngan hang hdp tac ed irlnh dd lam viec chffa cao so vdi nhdn \ien cua ngan hdng thffdng mai do chinh sdch tuyen dung ehffa hieu qua \a chat Iffdng ddo tao chffa cao. Trong hau hel cdc trUdng hdp, nhan sif dUdc bd' nhiem dUdc rut ra tff ca'p thd'p hdn, thudng hy sinh kha nang canh tranh \ e chd'l lUdng.
(5) Nghien cffu cung cho thd'y, xel \ e khia canh thai nghiep. nguon tdi chinh khdng du va tinh trang sffc khde kem da trd Ihanh mdt han che Idn dd'i \di cdc hd gia dinh ndng thdn lam viec chain ehi va kie'm du sd' tien de Iie'p tuc cude sd'ng hang nga\.
De' xda ddi gidm ngheo thdng qua e;ic ngdn hang hdp tae, de nghj sau d.i> dddc dffa ra:
(1) Nghien cffu dd ehi ra rdng nhffng ngffdi thu hffdng cd trinh dp tha'p hdn khdng cd hodc ed rd'l it kie'n thffc ve cac san pham va dieh vu ngdn hang. Cae ngdn hang hdp lie nen cung cd'p gido due tai chinh cho cJc nhdm muc ti6u khde nhau bao gom hpc sinh va sinh vien dai hpc, ndng ddn, phu nff, ndng thdn vd thanh thi, ngffdi hffu tri vd cac edng ddn khde de pho bien thdng tin ve cdc sa n pha m va dieh vu Id i chinh khde nhau de cho phep hp dua ra quyd't djnh tai chinh.
(2) Cdc ngdn hang hdp tac phdi dffdc can dam de' tie'p nhan tin dung tren mgi cdch dd ddng hdn de nd cd the hoat ddng trong nen kinh tephi chinh thffc d ndng thdn eho ngffdi ngheo d ndng thdn.
Theo each nay, cdc ngdn hang hdp tde se cd the lam viee nhU mdt phffdng lien dac biel, trffc liep cho muc dich tai ehinh vi md, nghdo ddi vd tdi chinh vi md, eud'i ciJng se dan de'n gidm ngh^o,
(3) Cac ngan hdng hdp tac nen tuy^n diing sinh vien td't nghiep tre, nang ddng, cd n^n tang hgc van xud't sdc vd sd hffu kie'n thffc ve cdc chinh sdeh vd chffdng trinh ngdn hdng de phtic vu khu vue ndng thdn.
(4) Nhii'ng ngUdi tham gia ehan nudi va ndng nghiep ed lhe la nhffng dd'i tffdng cd thu nhap thS'p.
Dieu dd ed nghia la ngan hang hdp tde nen h6 trd tai chinh cho nhffng dd'i tffdng nay de thanh lap cdc ddn vi chan nudi bd sffa va gia cam.
(5) Can cd cd hpi kie'm tien cho nhffng ngffdi dang Iham gia vao cdc boat dgng trdng trgi. Cdc ngan hang hdp Idc nen khuye'n khich phdt trien nganh tieu Ihu cdng nghiep nhff san xua't do n^i tha't, lam que diem, keo sdi vd lam day,,... d^ xda sach nan Ihd't nghiep va ngheo ddi •
TAI LIKUTHAM KHAO:
I. C.l^k^.•\. J.P . Duran. C.R. and Solo. T M. (2006), The Urban Unbanked in Mexico and ihe Untied Stales, The World Bank P(iiii.-\ Research Working Paper 3835. Department of Tinance, pri\aie sector anil mlrastructure for Latin .America. To\.I Niarui Solo.
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2. Chakrabany. K.C. (2011). "Banking and beyond: New challenges before Indian financial system ".I No id:3779) 3. Chibango. C. (20141, "Mobile money revolution: An opponuniu for Hnancial inclusion in Africa". The InlemationaUourttal of Humanities & Social Studies, Vol. 2 No. 2. pp. 59-67.
4. Devaki. M (20081. "Financial inclusion". Journal of Indian Institute of Banking and Finance. April June pp 30-33.
NgS.vnh§n biii: 19/3/2020
Nga.v phan bi?n dSnh gia va siifa chfla: 29/3/2020 Ngay cliS'p nh$n ding bai: 9/4/2020
Thdng tin tac gid:
ThS. L£ MINH TRANG
Khoa Tai chinh ngSn hang, Tri/tlng Dai hpc Kinh te' Ky (huSt cdng nghidp
IMPACTS OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION ON POVERTY REDUCTION ACTFVITIES THROUGH
COOPERATIVE BANKS
• Master, LE MINH TRANG Faculty of Finance - Banking University of Economics - Tectinoiogy for industries ABSTRACT:
This study is to analyze the impact of financial inclusion on poverty reduction activities through cooperative banks. This study finds dlat die financial inclusion has direct and significant impacts on poverty reduction. This study is expected to help policy makers and other stakeholders of cooperadve banks in poverty reducdon acdvities encourage the poor use banking services at both national and international levels.
Keywords: Finance, poverty reduction, banks.
So 8 - Thang 4/2020 321
