DAC DIEM NHAN THAN CUA DOI TUONG XAM HAI TINH DUC TRE EM
NGUYEN THI THUY HANG*
Tdm tdt: Hifn nay, tinh hinh tpi pham xdm h^i tinh dye tre em van c6 chieu hudng gia tdng vdi tinh chit, mirc a§, h§u qua ngdy cdng nghiem trpng hon. De gop phin ndng cao hifu qud cdng tac d i u tranh phdng, ching tyi pham xam hyi tinh dye tre em thdi gian tdi; trong bai viet nay tdc gid trinh bay dye diim nhan than cua tyi phym xdm hai tinh dye tr£ em trSn dia ban cdc tinh, thdnh pho mien Dong Nam bO va m$t so vdn di cin chii y trong cdng tac phong ngua tyi phym nay.
Tit khda: Xdm hgi tinh due tre em; ddc diem nhdn thdn cua ddi tuang xdm hgi tinh due tri em; phdng, chdng xdm hgi tinh due tre em.
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 22/8/2018; ngdy phdn biin ddnh gid vd sua chica: 10/9/2018; ngdy duyet bdi: 25/9/2018.
Tre em cd vai ttd quan frpng ddi vdi gia dinh va xa hdi, su phat trien cua tte em cd y nghia sdng cdn doi vdi tuong lai cua dan tdc vd xdy dyng thanh cdng chu nghTa xa hgi d nude ta. Chinh vi vay, Ddng va nhd nude ta ludn quan tam den cdng tac bao vf, cham sdc fre em va da cd nhieu chu truong, chinh sdch nhdm thiic day cdng tac nay, ttong dd cd chu truong day m a i h xa hdi hda cdng tac bao ve, chdm sdc fre era. Theo thdng ke d Vift Nam, hifn nay cd 29,6%
nam gidi vd 26.2% nii gidi thupc nhdm tudi dudi 16. Day la lye Iugng lao ddng chinh ciia xa hdi frong vdng 20 nam tdi, do do, xay dyng va phat trien hf tiidng chdm sdc.
giao dye va bao vf y e em dugc coi la mdt ttong nhiing uu tien hang dau cua qudc gia.
Tuy nhien, theo bdo eao cua cac ca quan chiic nang, frong 10 nam qua (tir ndm 2008 den nam 2017), cd nude phat hien fren 22.000 vy xdm hai fre em vdi gan 30.000 nan nhan, ttong dd xam hgi tinh dye chiem tdi 14.563 vu, chiim khoang 65%.
Theo thdng ke ciia Tdng cyc Canh sat - Bp Cdng an, tir nam 2008 d i n nam 2017, ca nude xay ra 486.511 vu an hinh sy thi cd tdi 14.563 vu xam hgi tuih dye fre em (chiem
*Th^c si Thiiu ta, Phd Tnjdng khoa Cinh sit hinh sw, Truong Cao ding Canh sit nhin din II.
ty le 2,94% tdng sd vi phgm phap lugt hinh sy). RiSng khu vyc cac tinh, thanh pho mien Ddng Nam bd xdy ra 2.156 vy xam hai tinh dye fre em (chiim 14,8% tdng sd vy xam hai tinh dye fre em cua ca nude).
Tuy nhien, con sd nay chi la nhung vy an dugc bdo cdo, edn rat nhieu vy ngn nhan bi chinh ke xdm hgi dpa dam hoac vi ly do nao dd da khdng dugc thdng ke.
Hgu qud xam hgi tinh dye fre em gay anh hudng nghiem ttpng tdi sy phat ttiin Idnh manh eua fre em. Nan nhdn cua xam hgi tinh dye cd nguy co mac cac benh Idy truyen qua dudng tinh due, mdt sd tte em gai mang thai ngoai y mudn, cd the hi mat kha nang sinh san. Khi bi xam hai tinh dye, tte em thudng roi vao trang thai hodng logn, sg hai, xdu hd, sdng mac cdm, khdng mudn giao tiep vdi mpi ngudi, it ndi, nhiit nhat, hpc kem, mpt sd em thudng ttdn hpc, bd nha ra di do mac cam. Day cung chinh Id nhiing nguy co day fre em vao tf ngn xa hpi va hoat dpng tdi phgm.
Qua nghien cim thuc te, tte em hi xam hai tinh dye xay ra d nhieu dp tudi, ddc biet cd cd nhirng era be tudi raam non; hiep dam tap the, hiep dam rdi giet tte em; thay giao, nhdn vien bdo ve nha trudng xam hgi tinh dye nhieu hpc sinh; ngudi cao tudi xam hgi tinh due tte em nhd tudi; mdt sd vy hiep dam mang tinh logn luan nhu cha dugng hiep dam con rieng cua vg, cha de hiep dam con gai rupt ttong mdt thdi gian dai. Ddi tugng xam hgi tinh dye tte em khdng chi la ngudi Vift Nam ma cd ngudi nude ngoai vd xuat hifn xam hai tinh dye tte em tten mdi trudng mang.
Qua phan tich 2.106 vy xam hai tinh dye tte em da dieu tra 2.195 ddi tugng bi
bat giir tten dia ban cac tinh, thanh phd mien Ddng Nam bp tir nam 2008 den nam 2017. Nhin chung, eac ddi tugng phgm tdi cd dac diem nhan than nhu sau:
Ve gidi tinh: Sd doi tugng phgm tdi cd ca nam va nii, nhung chu yeu la nam gidi chiim 99,2%; nii gidi chiim 0,8%. Tit cd ddi tugng nii deu ddng vai trd Id ngudi giup siic, khdng ddi tugng nao ddng vai ttd td chirc, thyc hanh, xui giyc. Ket qua khao sat tai thanh phd Ho Chi Minh cho thiy, da xuat hien tte em nam dudi 13 tudi bi giao cau dudi binh thiic ban dam cho ddi tugng mua dam la nii gidi. Dieu nay cd nghia la ttong nhung nam tdi, nii gidi cd the pham tdi xam hai tinh dye tte em vdi vai frd la ngudi thyc hanh.
Ve dp tudi: Doi tugng xam hgi tinh due tte em tuong ddi da dgng, nhung chii ySu Id nhung ngudi tir du 18 den 30 tudi (45,2%); ddi tugng Id ngudi chua thdnh nien phgm tgi chiem ty le ddng ke, cd 10,6% tir du 14 tudi den dudi 16 tudi vd 21,8% tir du 16 tudi d i n dudi 18 tudi;
dang chii y la cd 1,4% ddi tugng la ngudi tren 60 tudi. Ngudi pham tdi xdm hgi tinh due tre em cd dp tudi thap nhat Id Nguyin Van Q, 14 tudi 9 thang, ngy tai dp BL, xa BA, huyfn LT, tinh DN; ngudi cd dp tudi cao nhat la Tran Van H, 67 tudi, ngy tgi i p C, xa SD, huyfn CT, tinh TN. Ngudi chua thdnh nien pham tdi xdm hgi tinh dye tte em chiem ty If dang ke, phdn anh tinh nguy hiem cao cua tdi pham, nhung ddng thdi ciing dat ra cho cdng tac phdng ngira tdi phgm phai chii y den nhdm ddi tugng nay. Khdo sdt nhiing ngudi tten 60 tudi pham tgi xam hgi tinh dye tre em cho thay, hp deu la nhiing ngudi cd trang thai
So 20 (thang 102018) \
Tap chi _KIEMSAT I 2 1
tam sinh ly va sinh hogt khdng binh thudng nhu: CJ mdt minh (vg da chit hoac da ly hdn), thudng xuyen udng rugu vd it nhan duge sy quan tam, chdm sdc cua con, chau.
v i trinh dp hpc vin: Ddi tuong pham tdi xam hgi tinh dye tte em chu yeu Id nhung ngudi cd ttinh dp van hda thap.
Trong 2.195 ddi tugng, ngudi khdng biet chii chiem 17,6%; trinh dp tieu hpc chiem 28,3%; trinh dp trung hpc co sd chiem 42,2%. Do trinh dp van hda thip ddn den hgn ehe ve nhgn thiic, nhat la nhan thiic vS phap luat hinh sy.
Ve nghe nghifp: Nghe nghiep cua ddi tugng phgm tdi xam hgi tinh dye tte em tucmg ddi da dang, nhung chii yeu la nhiing ngudi lam nghe ty do, ndng dan va nhiing ngudi khdng cd vifc lam, cy the:
Ddi tugng lara nghe ty do chiem 56,8%;
lam ndng chiera 22,6%; ngudi khdng cd viec lam chiem 12,2%. Day la nhiing ngudi cd thu nhap thap, kinh te cdn gap nhieu khd khan, mat khac, hp khdng bi rang bupc ve thdi gian vd qudn ly ciia co quan, td chiic hay dodn thS nao nen it cd dieu kien hpc hdi de nang cao y thiic chap hanh phdp luat va dgo diic ldi sdng.
Ve noi thudng tni: Noi thudng tni cua ddi tugng phgm tpi xam hai tinh dye fre em rat da dang, nhung chu yiu la ngudi tam tni tai dia phuong. Kit qua khao sdt cho thiy, cd 64,1% ddi tugng pham tdi la ngudi tgm tni tai dia phuong noi xay ra vu phgm tdi vd 35,9% ddi tugng la ngudi cd hg khau thudng tni.
Ve dac diem phap ly hinh su: Dac diim phap ly ciia ddi tugng pham tdi xam hai tmh due tte em rit da dgng, nhung chu yiu
la ngudi phgm tpi lin diu (chiim ty If 83%) va chi cd 17%o ddi tugng pham tpi Id nhirng ngudi cd tien an, tien sy. Tir thyc ti nay, dgt ra yeu cau khi xdy dyng ke hoach phdng ngira phai tmh den viec md rpng dien ddi tugng qudn ly, gidm sat.
Da sd cdc vu xam hai tmh dye tte em chi cd mpt ddi tugng tham gia (khoang 94,8%), cac vy an cd ddng phgm chiem ty If khdng nhiiu nhung hau het cac vy vifc thupc loai nay ddi tugng tham gia deu lan lugt thyc hien hdnh vi giao cau vdi nan nhan, phan anh miic dp nguy hiem rat cao.
Ddi tugng phgm tdi xam hgi tmh dye tte em thudng cd nhieu lan thuc hifn hanh vi xam phgm tinh dye fre em. Trong tdng so 2.195 ddi tugng xam hgi tinh dye tte em thdi gian qua, cd 38,6% ddi tugng hai lin xam hai tinh dye tte em; ed 16,1% ddi tugng ba Idn xdm hgi tinh dye tte em;
11,7% ddi tugng bdn lan hiep dam tte em vd 33,5% ddi tugng cdn lai xdm hai tinh due tre em mdt lan.
Thdi diem nay sinh y dinh va ddng ca cua ngudi phgm tdi: Ket qud khao sat cho thay, cd 59,2% ddi tugng nay sinh y dinh va ddng co pham tpi khi thdy cd diiu kifn thuan lgi nhu: Tre em d nha mdt minh hoac rapt minh ngn nhan din nhd ddi tugng choi; cd 34,7%. doi tugng thiy ngn nhan cd bieu hifn gan gyi, de dai nhu ddng y ngu qua dem ciing vdi ddi tugng hay cung vdi ddi tugng ra nhung noi vang ve va khoang 6% ddi tugng bi ngn nhan ldi keo, ggi y.
Ddc diem ve thu dogn gay an: Thu dogn gay an cua tdi phgm xdm hgi tinh dye fre era cd dac diem la: Giua thu phgm va ngn nhan trudc khi xay ra tpi pham thudng cd
quen biet nhau; do nan nhan cdn nhd tudi, nhdn thiic hgn che nen ddi tugng thudng lgi dyng dgc diem tam ly dl tin de dy dd thuc hifn hanh vi phgm tgi; ciing cd nhieu trudng hgp ddi tugng sii dung vii lyc de thyc hifn hdnh vi phgm tpi.
Ket qua phan tich cho thay, cd 62,7%i ddi tugng lgi dung long tin ciia frS era qua cac mdi quan he tii trudc nhu quan he ttong gia dinh, hp hang, hang xdm, ban be de dy dd, khdng che thyc hien hanh vi pham tdi; 13,8% ddi tugng lgi dyng synon not, khd dgi, yeu dt cua fre em dS thyc hifn hanh vi phgm tdi; 14,3% ddi tugng dung vu lyc khdng che ngn nhan de thye hien hdnh vi phgm tdi; 9,2% ddi tugng diing thil doan khac nhu: Lgi dung nghi nghifp de pham tdi hoac nhd ngudi khac ni nan nhdn dSn dia diem thugn lgi thyc hifn hanh vi phgra tdi.
Tir ket qua nghien ciiu dac diSm nhdn than ciia ddi tugng pham tdi xam hgi tinh dye fre em nhu tren, tdc gia nit ra rapt sd van de cd y nghTa trong cdng tdc phdng ngiia tdi phgm xdm hai tinh dye tte em nhu sau:
Thu nhdt, cac cap uy Dang, chinh quyen dia phuong can phdi quan tam den vifc phd cap va ndng cao trinh dp vdn hda cho ngudi dan, nhat la d viing sau, vung xa, vung bien gidi, cy the:
Cac cap uy, chinh quyen can tao dieu kifn, bd tri vifc lam va thyc hifn tdt chinh sach an sinh xa hdi. Thuc tien cho thdy, da sd ddi tugng pham tdi xdm hai tinh dye tte em la ngudi lao dpng tu do, ndng ddn va ngudi chua cd vifc lam. Day la nhiing ngudi khdng cd viec lam dn dinh hoac nhung ngudi tuy cd viec lam nhung thu
nhap thap. De phdng ngda nhung ngudi nay di vao con dudng phgm tdi, lye Iugng Canh sat nhan dan phdi chii dpng tham muu cho cac cap uy, chinh quyen ttong vifc tgo dieu kien, bd tri vifc lam va thyc hien chinh sdch an sinh xa hgi.
Tang cudng gido dye van hda frong cdng ddng dan cu. Thyc tien cho thiy, ddi tugng phgm tgi xam hgi tinh dye fre em chu yeu la nhiing ngudi cd trinh dp vdn hda thdp, nhgn thiic vS phdp luat vd cdc chuan myc xa hdi han che. Vi vgy, can phai tang cudng cong tac giao dye, dao tgo ndng cao trinh dp van hda de lam eo sd cho vifc nang cao hiiu biet phdp luat, y thiic tdn frpng phdp luat frong cdng ddng dan cu. Ddng thdi, phdi ndng cao chit Iugng gido dye dao diic, ldi sdng va frach nhiem edng dan ngay tir bac tieu hpc va trung hgc co sd. Ben egnh do, can day manh vifc dao tgo nghe, tgo vifc lam cho ngudi lao ddng, dac bift la nhiing ngudi fre tudi.
Thu hai, tang cudng cdng tac bdo ve, cham sdc va gido due tre em, cy the:
Bdo ve tre em la frach nhiem ciia nha nude, gia dinh va xa hdi, nhu quy dinh tgi Dieu 37 Hien phap nam 2013: "Tre em dugc nha nude, gia dinh vd xa hdi bao ve, cham sdc vd gido due". Vi vay, cdc cap uy Dang, chinh quyen dia phuong can thyc hien tdt cdc ndi dung sau ddy:
Tang cudng sy lanh dao, chi dgo cua cdc ban, nganh, td ehiic doan the de thyc hifn cd hieu qua Chi thi sd 20/CT-TW ngay 5/11/2012 cua Bg Chinh tii vi tang cudng sy lanh dgo cita Dang ddi vdi cdng tac chara sdc, giao dye va bao ve tre em frong tinh hinh mdi; gan ket cdng tac
So 20(thang 102018) \
Tap chi _KIEMSAT I 2 3
phdng, chdng tdi pham xam hai tinh dye tte era vdi viec thuc hifn Chuong trinh myc tieu qudc gia phdng, chdng tdi pham, Chuong trinh dau ttanh phdng, chdng tpi pham ma tiiy, Chuong trinh ddu ttanh phdng, chdng tdi pham budn ban ngudi.
Tdp trung xay dung va phat trien "Hf thdng bdo vf fre em", coi dd la bien phdp uu tien hang dau, thdng qua vifc kien nghi hodn thifn hf thdng phap luat, hf thdng td chiic va can bd bao vf tte em mang tinh chuyen nghifp; xdy dung mdi trudng an toan, than thifn ddi vdi tte em, loai bd hoac gidm thieu den mire thdp nhdt cdc nguy CO xdm hgi tinh due tte em. Cd chinh sdch uu dai de cac co quan, doanh nghifp xay nha d cho cdng nhan vd xay dung trudng hpc de con era cua ngudi lao dpng cd dieu kien dugc giao dye, chdm sdc trong radi trudng tdt.
Thudng xuyen tien hanh cdng tac truyen thdng de nang cao nhan thirc vi cdng tdc bdo vf tte em cho gia dinh, cdng ddng vd xa hgi, qua dd thiic day nhu ciu cua gia dinh vd xa hpi ddi vdi vifc bdo vf tte em va nhu cdu cua chinh cdc em ttong vifc thuc hifn quyen dugc bdo vf...
Thic ba, 1dm tdt cdng tae qudn ly hanh chinh ve ttat tu xa hdi nhu: Quan ly nhan khau, hd khdu, quan ly tam tni, nhit la quan ly nghifp vy ddi vdi nhiing ddi tugng cd biiu hifn hogt dgng pham tdi hoac nhung ngudi cd bieu hifn than thiit, gin gui qua miic vdi tte em nii.
Thyc tien dau ttanh phdng, chdng tdi pham xam hai tinh dye tte era da xac dinh mdt sd nganh nghi kinh doanh, dich vy de bi ddi tugng lgi dyng tiiyc hifn tpi pham xam hai tinh due tte em nhu: Cdc ca sd
kinh doanh nhd cho thue, nha nghi, khach san, karaoke, xoa bdp, internet... Vi vay, cac CO quan chiic nang phai tap trung lyc Iugng, bien phdp de lam tdt cdng tac quan ly hanh chinh ve trat tu xa hdi.
Tren co sd cdng tac dieu fra co ban, tdng ra soat, ndm tinh hinh ddi tugng, lyc Iugng chirc nang can tien hanh sang lpc xac djnh nhirng ddi tugng cd dieu kien, kha ndng phgm tgi xam hgi tinh dye tte em va phdn loai theo nhdm nhu: Nhdm cdc hanh vi xdm hai tinh dye tte em, cuang dam ttS em, giao cau vdi fre em va dam 6 vdi tte em; nhdm mua, ban, ddnh frdo, bat cdc, chiim doat tre em; nhdm dy dd, su dyng tre em vao vifc pham tdi, gdm cdc hanh vi du dd, ep bupc hoac chiia chap ngudi chua thanh nien phgm phap, sir dyng tte era vao vifc pham tdi mua, bdn tre em. Tir do ap dung bifn phap quan ly ddi tugng cho phii hgp.
Thic tw, kip thdi phat hifn, xir ly tOi phgm de ngdn chgn hanh vi pham tdi tiip theo cua ngudi pham tgi.
Phdt hien kip thdi va xir ly nghiem minh tdi phgm xam hai tmh dye fre em khdng nhiing cd tdc dung trimg tri, giao dye ngudi phgm tdi md cdn cd tac dyng ran de, nhac nhd nhirng ngudi dang cd y dinh phara tdi, qua dd ngan ngira tdi pham. Vi vgy, luc luong chiic nang can tiiyc hifn tdt cac npi dung nhu: Tang cudng cdng tdc nam tinh hmh di chu ddng phat hien sdm, phat hifn kip thdi cdc vy xdm hgi tinh dye fre em xdy ra tai dia ban dan cu; thudng xuyen ttao ddi thdng tin ve tinh hinh tdi pham xdm hgi tmh dye fre em giiia cac don vi, dia phuang, nhat la Cdng an eac dia phuang cd dia ban giap ranh, cd tuyin dudng qudc Id, lien
tinh, lien huyen chay qua de kip thdi phdt hifn ddi tugng hoat ddng luu ddng, lien tuyen, lien tinh; tap trung luc Iugng, phuang tien de xii ly kip thdi cac vy dn gdy hire xiic Idn frong du luan quan chiing nhan dan de sdm dua ra xet xii, qua dd ttan ap, ran de nhirng ngudi cd y djnh phara tpi va phdng ngua, giao dye chung.
Thic ndm, khi xdy dung ke hogch phdng ngua phdi quan tara den vifc tuyen truyin, giao dye de nang cao ttdeh nhifm eua gia dinh ttong viec ttdng coi, quan ly va gido dye tte em, nhat la nhung tte em nii cd nguy CO hi xam hai cao.
Cae cap uy, chinh quyen dia phuong va cdc ca quan chiic nang khi xay dyng k i hogch phdng ngira tdi phara xam hgi tinh
due tre em can chii y den cdng tac tuyen truyen nham nang cao vai ttd ttdeh nhifm cua gia dinh trong vifc giao dye, day do con cdi; gia dinh phdi la hat nhan dam bao rapi dieu kien thuan lgi cho sy phdt ttiSn hoat dpng binh thudng ciia mpi thanh vien. Tung gia dinh phai chii y bdo ve, cham sdc va giao dye cho cac thanh vien tir vui choi gidi tri den quan he xa hdi, tao dieu kien cho cdc thanh vien ttong gia dinh phat trien toan difn, dgc bift la nhiing ngudi chua thanh nien. Cdn tuyen truyen cho mdi gia dinh thay dugc hdn nhan ben virng, gia dinh hda thugn la mdt ttong nhiing dieu kifn quyet dinh vifc hinh thanh nhdn each cua nhung ngudi ehua thanh nien.n
CANQUYDjNH..
ITlep theo trang 15)
linh hoat nguyen tac td tyng dan sy de tien hanh hda giai giua cac ben va ket qua ciia vifc hda gidi nay can dugc ghi nhdn bang quyet dinh cdng nhgn sy thda thugn cua cac duong su ttong td tyng hinh su. Viec quy dinh nay ciing mang tinh chat rad vi cd nhiing trudng hgp vira thda thuan vira thi hanh xong viec thda thugn dd hoac viec thi hanh thda thuan dd ngay sau khi cac ben da thdng nhdt thi cac co quan cd tham quyen tien hanh td tyng tuy timg giai doan cd the ra quyet dinh cdng nhan sy thda thugn ciia cac duang sy. Hieu lyc va trinh tu, thil tyc ra quyet dinh cdng nhdn sy thda thugn cua cac duong su tuong tu nhu trong td tyng hinh su. Viec thda thugn nay khdng cin ghi nhgn ttong bdn an ciia Tda an (da
thi hanh xong nen khdng can thiet phdi ghi nhgn ttong ban an de Idm can cii thi hanh an). Cdn ddi vdi nhirng trudng hgp da thda thuan xong nhung chua tien hanh bdi thudng hoac chua the thda thugn dugc thi cdc CO quan cd tham quyen tien hanh td tung khdng ra quyet dinh cdng nhdn sy thda thuan cua cdc duong su. Viec giai quyet van de dan su ttong vu an hinh sy can duge tiep tyc gidi quyet vd dugc ghi nhdn frong ban dn cua Tda dn de lam can Cli thi hanh an. Chung tdi ddng y vdi y kien thii ba, vi frong thyc tiln dp dung nguyen tac giai quyet van de dan sy frong vy an hinh sy cd nhiSu trudng hgp vifc thda thugn cua cac duong su bi pha vd do dpng c a cd nhan ciia cac ben duong su. Do dd, dS dara bao quyen, lgi ich chinh dang ciia nhimg ngudi bi thift hgi, bi can, bi cao, can quy dinh trinh ty, thii tyc cdng nhdn sy thda thuan cua eac duong sy trong td tung hinh su.D
So 20 (thang 102018) \
Tap chi _K1EM SAT 1 2 5
