Y HOC VIET NAM THANG 12 - SO B A C BIET/2011
KHAO SAT Sir HAI LONG VA MONG MUON CUA SINH VIEN HIEN MAU TINH NGUYEN TAI TRUNG TAM TRUYEN MAU KHU VlTC HUE
Ton Nu' My Hanh, Nguyen Thj Hong Hanh, Bui Minh Due Tran Van Luprng, Pham Quy Vinh, Nguyen Dang Khoa(*)
TOM TAT
Qua nghien ciTu 300 sinh vien tai Thira Thien Hue tham gia hien mau tinh nguyen (HMTN), chung tdi thu du'dc ket qua nhu" sau:
S\i hai long cua ngu'di HMTN: HMTN lan dau chiem ty le cao chiem 63,3 %, ngu'di hien mau lan thir 2 la 19,3%, lan 3 trd len la 17,3%;
ngu'di HMTN cam thay hai Idng nhat giai doan hien mau chiem 56%, tiep theo la giai doan tu*
van va kham lam sang (13,7%), giai doan dang ky (11,7%), xet nghiem nhanh (10%), nhan giay chimg nhan HMTN va qua (8,7%). Ly do: Ngu'di HMTN cam thay hai Idng ve thai dp nhan vien nhiet tinh, du'dc kiem tra sire khoe va du'dc hien mau cifu ngu'di la mdt viec cd y nghTa. Hau het ngu'di hien mau mong mudn hien mau tai Trung tam (68%) va cd 32% mong muon hien mau tai tru'dng CD,OH. Cd 58% ngUdi hien mau mong mudn hien mau tren ghe chuyen dung va cd 42% mong muon hien mau tren xe lay mau.
Mong nuon cua ngu'di HMTN: Hau het ngu'di HMTN sau khi hien mau deu cd nhu cau du'dc biet ve su'c khde cua ban than chiem ty le cao nhat (99%), nhu cau du'dc hu'dng dan chu dao ve quy trinh hien mau chiem 98%,nhu cau du'dc dam bao an toan ve sire khde sau khi hien mau la 96%, nhu cau nhan giay chu'ng nhan HMTN la 94,67%, tiep theo la du'dc nhan qua lu'u niem va du'dc quan tam, dpng vien, cham sdc CLia nhan vien y te va dpi tuyen truyen vien.
Ngu'di HMTN thich nhan du'dc bald nhat chiem 40% tiep theo la cap chiem 29,3%, ke tiep la ao 21,3%. Ngoai ra ngu'di hien mau tinh nguyen khong nhan qua va can ldi ddng vien, nu cu'di
cua nhan vien truyen mau va nhu'ng ngu'di xung quanh. Cd 97,3 % ngu'di HMTN sin sang hien mau trong nhii'ng lan sau (trong dd ngu'di HM lan dau chiem 61,3%, chi cd 2,7% ngu'di khdng tham gia hien mau nhac lai. Ly do ngu'di HMTN hien mau tiep tuc chii yeu la vi trach nhiem ddi vdi cpng ddng (80,3%), tiep theo la do ngu'di HMTN du'dc kiem tra siTc khde (7,9%) va hai Idng vdi chat lu'dng dich vu to chiTc budi hien mau. Thai do cua nhan vien truyen mau:
Theo nhan xet ciia ngu'di HMTN ve nhan vien truyen mau cd thai dp rat nhiet tinh chiem 51,3%, tiep theo la thai dp nhiet tinh chiem 37,7%, binh thu'dng (11%), khdng cd thai dp khdng nhiet tinh.
I. OAT V A N OE
Mau la "loai thudc" dac biet va bien nay chua cd dugc phim nao thay tbi dugc.
Truyin mau la mot lieu phap dilu tri rix cd hieu qua, gdp phan quan trgng trong cap cuu, dilu tri nhilu benh ly ndi khoa, ngoai khoa va cac chuyen khoa khac, dac biet la trong cac benh ly sir dung ky thuat cao.
Hang nam, toan thi gidi can khoang 150 trieu don vj mau phuc vu cho cap cuu, dieu tri va du phdng tham boa, an ninh qudc phdng. Theo bao cao cua Td chirc Y tl The gidi ban 82 trieu dorn vi mau dugc tiep nhan tir hiln mau tinh nguyen.
6 nude ta, trong nam 2010, toan qudc da van ddng va tilp nhan dugc 675.438 don vi mau toan p h k (tuorng duang vdi 186.067 lit mau). Tdng sd mau tilp nhan nam 2010 tang
(*) Trung tdm Truyin Mdu khu vuc Hue
Hpl NGHI KHOA HQC TOAN QU6C LAN THQ NHAT vg VAN BQNG H|£'N MAU TJNH NGUYgN 12,3% so vdi nam 2009 vii tang 5 lan so vdri
nam 1994. Trong dd 84,2 % tir nguiri hiln mau tinh nguyen. Tuy vay, ty lc clan .so hien mau cbi dat 0,78% (nbu cau (di thicu la 2%
dan sd hicn mau) IKMI tinh trang thicu man phuc \v cap ciru. dieu tri cho nguiri benh van xay ra d nhieu dja phuorng.
Ca nude cd han 45 trieu ngudi trong dg tudi hien mau nhung bang nam chi cd khoang 500.000 ngudi tham gia bien mau tinh nguNiMi. Trong phong trao hii-n mau tinh nguydn thi lire lugng hgc sinh, sinh vien chicni ty 1? kha cao. Day la luc lugng ndng cdt trong vice hien mau va tuyen truyen van dgng nhung thanh phan khac tham gia hien mau tinh nguyen ncn can dac bi?t quan tam.
De day manh phong trao bien mau tinh nguyen, ngoai viec td chuc tuyen truyen, van ddng va giao due ngudi dan tham gia hien mau tinh nguyen tbi viec td chirc tdt budi hien mau, tinh chuyen nghiep cua nhan vien y te thi thai do phuc vu nhiet tinh va su tdn trong ngudri hien mau can phai dugc quan tam diing muc.
Vi vay, chimg tdi tb\rc hi?n khao sat danh gia su hai ldng va mong mudn cua ddi tugng sinh vien hien mau tinh nguy?n vdi muc tieu nhu sau: Tim hiiu su hdi long vd mong mudn cua sinh viin hiin mdu tinh
nguypn vi thdi dp phuc vu cua cdn bp nhdn vien truyen mdu.
II. OOI TlipNG VA PHliONG PHAP NGHIEN COU 2.1. Doi tugng nghien ciru
Sinh vien tham gia bien mau tinh nguyen tai cac Trudrng Dai hgc, Cao dang d dia ban
Thanh pho Hue.
Tieu chuan chgn mau:
+ Sinh vien cac Trudmg Dai bgc, Cao dang.
+ IV nguyen tham gia hien mau tinh nguy?n.
Phuang phap chgn mau: Chgn mau ngau nhien h? thdng.
Cd mau: 300 nguiri
2.2. Phuong phap nghien ciru
Thiet ke nghien cim: nghien cuu md ta cat ngang.
Phucmg phap thu thap sd lieu: phdng van theo bang cau bdi.
2.3. Thdi gian: Tu thang 10/2010 din thang 02/2011
2.4. Dja diem nghien curu: Cac budi hiln mau tinh nguy?n ciia cac Trudrng Dai bgc, Cao dang phdi hgp td chuc vdri Tnmg tam Truyen mau khu \ irc Hue.
2.5. Xu ly so lifu: Phin mim SPSS vdi ciic test thdng ke thdng thudrng.
KET QuA VA BAN LUAN
3.1. Mpt so dac diem cua doi tu-gng nghien cihi Bang 1. Mdt so dac diem ciia doi tugng nghien cuu
,1.
DSc diem Gidi Nam
Nir' Lan hien mau
Lan dau Lan 2 Tren 3 lan
So ngu'di 159 141 190 58 52
Tv le o/o 53.0 47.0 63.3 19.3 17.3 226
Y HOC VIET NAM T H A N G 12 - SO B A C B I | T / 2 0 1 1
Nhan xet: Sd ngudi di hiln mau tinh nguyen nir gidi chilm ty le 53.0%, nhilu ban nam gidi (47.0%). Ngudi biln mau tinh nguyen lin diu chilm ty le cao chilm 63.3%, tilp theo la ngudi hiln mau lin thir 2(19.3%), lin 3 trd len la 17.3%.
3.2. Khao sat sy hai long va khong hai long cua ngudi hien mau tinh nguyen 3.2.1. Khdo sdt su hdi long cua ngudi hiin mdu tinh nguyin
Bang 2.
\fiiai doan hlSn mau Lan \ . hien mau \
HMTN landau
HMTN lap lai Tong
Su hai ldng ciia ngudi hien
Dang ky
23 7.7%
12 4%
35 11.7%
Tu' van va Kham LS
31 10.3%
10 3.4%
41 13.7%
mau trong timg giai doan
Xet nghiem
21 7%
9 3%
30 10%
Hien mau
102 34%
66 22%
168 56%
lien mau
Cap GCN va qua
tang 13 4.3%
13 4.3%
26 8.7%
Tong
190 63.3%
110 36.7%
300 100%
Ty le % 60
50 40 30 20 10 0
D HMTN lan dau • HMTN lap lai DChung
7-7 H,7 10,3 13,7 ^
Dang ky Tu van va Xet nghifm Hien mau Cap GCN va KLS qua tang
Biiu dd l:Su hai ldng ciia ngudi hien mau
Nhan xet: Trong qua trinh tham gia hiln mau tinh nguyen, nguai hiln mau tinh nguyen cam thiy hai ldng nhit giai doan hiln mau chilm ty 1? 56%, tilp theo la giai doan tu vin ya kham lam sang (13,7%), giai doan dang ky (11,7%), xet ngbi?m nhanh (10%), nh^n giiy chung nhan hien mau tinh nguy?n va qua tang (8,7%).
3.2.2. Khdo sdt su khong hdi long cda ngu&i hiin mdu tinh nguypn Bang 3: Su khdng hai ldng ciia ngudi hien mau tinh nguyen
^lai doan .mau
Oang ky Tu" van va Kham LS
Xet nghiem
Hien mau
Cap GCN vaqud
tang
Tat ca deu hai long
Tong
HOI NGH! KHOA HQC T O A N Q U 6 C L A N THC/ NHA'T vg V A N B O N G HI^'N M A U TINH NGUYgN
hierrmau^
HMTN fan dau HMTN ldp
lai Tong
16 5.3%
7 2.3%
23 7.7%
16 5.3%
16 5.3%
32 10.6%
6 2%
15 5%
21 7%
6 2.0%
5 1.7%
11 3.7%
10 3.3%
2 0.7%
12 4.0%
136 45.3%
65 21.7%
201 67%
190 63.3%
110 36.7%
300 100%
DHMTNI^ndAu HMTN lap lai
Dangky Tir van %i X6t nghidm Uick<7niu C ap G'CN vi Tat ca deu KLS qui tfng hii I6ng
DTong
Biiu dd 2: Su khdng hai ldng ciia ngudri hien mau
Nhan xet: Trong qua trinh tham gia HMTN, cd 67,0% ngudi HMTN diu hai ldng vdi cac giai doan, cbi cd mdt ty le nhd la khdng hai ldng d giai doan tu van kham lam sang (10,6%), dang ky (7.7%), xet nghiem (7,0%), hiln mau (3.7%). nhan giiy chumg nhan HMTN va qua (4,0%).
3.3. Chon dia diem hien mau :
Bang 4: Dia diem hien mau Dia diem HM
So ngu'di Ty le (O/o)
Tai tru'dng 96 32
Tai trung tdm 204
68
Tong 300
100
Nhan xit: Hau bet ngudi hien mau mong mudn hien mau t?ii Trung tam (68%) va cd 32%
mong mudn hien mau tai trudrng.
3.4. Hinh thirc hien mau Bang 5: Hinh thiirc hien mau
Hinh thu'c Tren xe lay mau Tren ghe chuyen dung Tong
Sd ngu'di 126 174 300
Ty le (%) 42 58 100
Nhan xet: Cd 58%i ngudri biln mau mong mudn hien mau tren ghi chuyen dung va cd 42%) mong mudn bien mau tren xe liy mau.
228
Y HOC VIET NAM T H A N G 12 - S 6 BAC BIET/2011
3.5. Thai do ciia nhan vien Trung tam Truyen mau Bang 6: Thai do ciia nhan vien Trung tam Truyen mau
Thai do Sd ngu'di Ty le(%)
Rat nhiet tinh 154 51.3
Nhiet tinh 113 37.7
Binh thu'dng 33 11
To'ng 300 100
Nhan xet: Theo nhan xet cua ngudi HMTN vc nhan vii-n truyen mau cd thai do rat nhiet tinh chiem 51,3%, tiep theo la thai do nhiet tinh chicMii 37,7%, binh thudng (11,0%), khdng cd thai do khdng nhiet tinh.
3.6. Nhu cau, mong muon cua ngudi hien mau tinh nguyen sau khi hien m^u Bang 7. Nhu cau. mong mudn cua ngirdi bien mau tinh nguyen
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6
Nhu cau cua ngu'di hien mau tinh nguyen
Nhu cau dupe dam bao an toan ve sire khde sau khi hien mau
Nhu cau dUdc hu'dng dan chu dao ve quy trinh hien mau Nhan giay chu'ng nhan HMTN
Nhan phan qua lu'u niem
Nhu cau du'dc quan tam, dpng vien, cham sdc Nhu cau du'dc biet ve sii'c khde ciia ban than
So ngu'di 288 294 284 252 243 297
Ty le o/o 96.0 98.0 94.7 84.0 81.0 99.0
Nhan xet: Hau bet ngudi hien mau tinh nguyen sau khi hien mau deu mong mudn dugc biet ve sue khde cua ban than chilm ty le cao nhat(99,0%), nhu cau dugc hudrng dan chu dao ve quy trinh bien mau chiem 98,0%,nhu cau dugc dam bao an toan ve sire klide sau khi hien mau la 96,0%, nhu ciu nhan giiy chung nhan HMTN la 94,7%, tiep theo la dugc nhan qua luu niem va dugc quan tam, ddng vien, cham sdc cua nhan vien y te va ddi tuyen truyen vien.
3.7. Mon qua lun niem ngudi HMTN mong muon nhan du-gc Bang 8. Mdn qua nguiri HMTN mong mudn nhan dugc
Ngu'di hien mau HMTN Lan dau
HMTN Lap lai
Tong
Ba Id 85 28.3%
35 11.7%
120 40.0%
cap
61 20.3%
27 9.0%
88 29.3%
Ao
28 9.3%
36 12.0%
64 21.3%
Khac 16 5.3%
12 4.0%
28 9.3%
Tong 190 63.3%
110 36.7%
300 100%
Nhan xet: Nguoi hiln mau linh nguy?n thich nhan dugc bald nhit chilm 40% (hong dd lin diu chilm 28,3 %), tilp theo la cap chilm 29,3% (trong dd lin diu chilm 20,3%), ke tiep la ao 21,3% (lap lai chilm 4.0%).
Hpl NGHj KHOA HQC T O A N Q U 6 C L A N THL/ NHA'T Vg V A N BQNG HlfeN M A U TINH NGUYgN^
3.8. Ty I9 ngudi hicn mau tinh nguydn hicn miiu nhSc lai
NgUdi hien mau tinh nguyen lan dau
Ngu'di hien mau tinh nguyen lap lai
Tong
Cd 182 61.3%
108 36.0%
292 97.3%
Khdng 6 2%
2 0.7%
8 2.7%
Tong 190 63.3%
110 36.7%
300 100%
Nhan xct: Cd 97.3 % ngudi HMTN sin siing hiln mau trong nhimg lin sau (trong dd ngudi HM lin diu chilm 61,3%, cbi cd 2,7% nguiri khdng tham gia bien mau nhac lai.
3.9. Ly do ngudi HMTN hicn mau tiep tuc Bang 10. Ly do ngirdi HMTN hicn mau tiep tyc
Lydo
Sd ngu'di Ty le(%)
Vi trach nhiem dd1
vdi cong dong
233 80.3
Du'dc kiem tra sure
khde 23 7.9
Hal Idng vdi chSit lu'dng
djch vu
11 3.7
Du'dc cung cap
day du thdng tin
5 1.7
Khac
18 6.4
Tong
290 100
Nhan xet: Ly do ngudri HMTN hien mau tiep tuc chu yeu la \i trach nhiem ddi vdri cdng ddng (80,3%), tiep theo la do ngudi HMTN muon dugc kiem tra sire khde (7.9%), hai ldng vdri chat lugng dich vu va do ngudri HMTN thich dugc hien mau (6.4%)).
3.10. Ly d Bang 11.1
STT 1 2 3 4 5
0 ngu'di H M T N khong hien m i u tiep tyc Jj do ngudri H M T N khdng hien mau tiep tyc
Ly do Bi met d lan hien mau tru'dc Khdng thu xep du'dc thdi gian Ngai chd dpi lau khi hien mau Sd dau khi choc kim
Khac: tSng can
So lu'dng 3 2 2 2 1
Tv le % 30 20 20 20 10
Nhan xet: Ngudri HMTN khdng hien mau tiep tyc do ngudri hien mau bi met 6 lan hien mau truac (30%)), khdng thu xIp dugc thdi gian, ng^i chdr dgi lau khi hiln mau, sg dau khi chgc kim.
IV. KET LUAN - Ngudri HMTN cam thiy hai long nhit 1. Sy hai long ciia ngu-oi hien mau giai doan hiln mau chilm 56%, tilp theo la tinh nguyfn giai doan tu van va kham lam sang (13,7%), - Hiln mau lin diu chilm ty le cao giai doan dangky (11,7%), xet nghiem nhanh chilm 63,3 %, ngudri hiln mau lin thir 2 la (10%), nhan giiy chimg nhan HMTN va qua
19,3%, lin 3 trd len la 17,3%. (8,7%).
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Y HOC VIET NAM T H A N G 12 - SO B A C BIET/2011
Ly do: Ngudri hien mau tinh nguyen cam nhan vien truyen mau cd thai do rit nhiet tinh thiy hai ldng vl thai do nhan vien nhiet tinh, chiem 51,3%, tiep theo la thai do nhiet tinh dugc kilm tra sue khoe va dugc hien mau chiem 37,7%, binh thuirng (11%), khdng cd curu ngudi la mdt viec cd y nghTa... thai do khdng nhiet tinh.
Hiu bet ngudi bien mau mong mudn
hiln mau tai Trung tam (68%) va cd 32% v. KIE'N NGHI
mong muon biln mau tai trudrng CD.DH. Dl gdp phin cho phong trao hiln mau Cd 58% ngudi hiln mau mong mudn hien phat triln ban nira thi Trung tam truyin mau mau tren ghe chuyen dyng va cd 42% mong cin quan tam vao cac vin dl sau:
mudn hien mau tren xe lay mau. 1. Can chu trong horn nira ve quy trinh td 2. Mong nuon cua ngu-oi hien mau chirc hiln mau ve phan bd thdi gian, dia hnh nguydn dilm, nhan luc dl ngudi hien mau tinh
Hiu hit ngudri biln mau tinh nguydn nguy?n khdng pbai chd dgi lau.
sau khi hiln mdu deu cd nhu ciu dugc biet ve 2. Cin cd dii phuomg tien (biit ghi dang sue khde cua ban than chiem ty le cao ky) va ngudi hudng din d ban dang ky hien nhit(99%), nhu ciu dugc hudrng dan chu dao niau. Bd tri diy dii ghi cho ngudi hien mau vl quy trinh biln mau chiem 98%),nhu cau ngoi nghi trudc va sau khi hien mau.
dugc dam bao an toan vl sue khde sau khi 3. Cd nhilu loai tang pham in logo hiln mau la 96%), nhu cau nhan giiy chung HMTN dl lam qua luu niem.
nhan HMTN la 94,67%, tilp theo la dugc 4. Trong cac dgt di biln mau luu ddng nhan qua luu niem va dugc quan tam, ddng nen bo tri nhilu ghe tiep nhan mau chuyen vien, cham sdc cua nhan vien y te va ddi dung.
hiyen huyin vien. 5. Cin xay dung mang ludi tuyen - Ngudri HMTN thich nhan dugc bald truyin vien dk tuyen truyin rdng rai vl viec nhit chilm 40% tilp theo la cap chilm hiln mau tinh nguyen tdi nhilu ngudi va 29,3%, kl tilp la ao 21,3%). Ngoai ra ngudri nhilu dja dilm.
hiln mau tinh nguyen khdng nhan qua va can
ldi ddng vien, ny cudri ciia nhan vien truyin jAl LIEU THAM K H A O
mau va nhihig ngudi xung quanh... 1. Bo Y Te (2007), "Tuyin chon ngudi hiln mau", Cd 97,3 %) ngudri HMTN sin sang hiln Quy chi tmyIn mau nam 2007, trang 14-18.
mau trong nhiimg lin sau (trong dd ngudi 2. Nguyen Due Thuan va cong su- (2007), "Ky HM lin diu chilm 61,3%, chi cd 2,7% ngudi n^ng cham sdc ngudi hiln mau tinh nguy?n", khdng tham gia hiln mau nhic lai. Ly do cim nang van ddng hiln mau tinh nguy?n, ngudi HMTN hiln mau tilp tuc chu ylu la vi yj^n Huylt hpc Truyin mau frung ucrng, trach nhiem ddi vdri cdng dong (80,3%), tilp trang 175-186.
theo la do ngudi HMTN dugc kilm tra sure 3 Nguyen Dire Thuan va cong su (2008), "Tim khde (7,9%) va hai ldng vai chit lugng djch hilu dac dilm tam ly cua ngudi hiln mau khi vu td chuc budi hiln mau. tham gia hiln mau tinh nguyen", Tap chi Y hoc
3. Thai do cua nhan vien truyen mau viet Nam, Tap 344, trang 638-645.
Theo nhan xet ciia ngudi HMTN vl
