Kinh ti & Chinh sdch
AP DUNG PHlTOfNG PHAP PHAN TICH NHAN T 6 KHAM PHA TRONG NGIIIEN ClTU CAC YEU TO ANH HtTCfNG DEN QUYET DINH VAO HOC PHAN HIEU TRlTdNG D ^ HOC LAM NGHlf P CUA HOC SINH
TRUNG HOC PHO THONG TREN DJA BAN TINH DONG NAI
Vu Thi Hul, Le Dinh Hai, Nguyln Van Phii Phdn hieu Tru&ng Dgi hgc Ldm nghiep TOMTAT
Trong nghien cuu nay, de xac djnh dugc cac yeu td anh huong den quyet dinh chgn Phan hi§u Tnrong Dai hgc Lam nghiep cua hgc sinh tmng hgc pho thong tren dia ban tinh £}dDg Nai, chiing tdi d3 khao sat 317 hgc sinh tai cac tnrcmg tnmg hgc ph6 thong tiiugc tinh Dong Nai. Ket qui phSn tich nhan t6 khdm p h i (EFA) da chi ra dugc 5 nhom ySu td gom: (1) Cac ca nhan co anh huong; (2) Ban than hgc sinh; (3) D^c dilm oia Phan Men D^i hgc Lam nghiep; (4) Co hgi viec lam trong tuong lai va (5) No lyc giao tiep ciia Phin hi^u Dai hgc Lam nghi&p cd anh huong dang ke den quyet dinh chon Phan hi^u D^i hgc Lam nghigp cua hgc sinh tnmg hoc pho thong tren dja ban tinh Dong Nai. KSt qua nghien ciiu cd the lam co set &h dk xuat mgt so giai phap nhim ning cao hi?u qua cong tic tuySn sinh ciia Phan hieu Dai bgc Lam nghi&p trong thoi gi^i tdi, bao gdm: (1) Thiet lgp moi hen he vdi cac trudng trung hgc phd thong; (2) Da dang hoa hinh thiic xet tuyen trong tuyen sinh; (3) Xiic uln viec mo nhung nganh nghe dao tao theo nhu ciu xa hgi; (4) Nang cao chit lugng dao t^o, xay d\mg co so vat chat va trang thilt bj hi$n d^i.
Tir kh6a: Dong Nai, PhSn hi|u Q^i hgc Lam nghiep, phan tich nhan to kham pha, trung hgc pho thong.
I. D^LT VAN DE
Trong nhung nam gan day, d^c bi?t la tir ndm 2015, Bo GD&DT thuc hi?n cdi each ky thi tdt ngjiiep trung hoc phd thdng (THPT) va thi dai hpc, cao dang vdi nhieu thay ddi, thi sinh khdng dang ky du thi vao cac trudng dai hoc, cao dang nhu tnrde ma tham gia du thi THPT qudc gia rdi lay ket qud do de dang ky xet tuyen dai hoc, cao dang va de xet tdt nghiep, hoac su dung ket qua tir hoc ba THPT de xet vao mot sd cac trudng dai hoc cd phuang an tuyen sinh rieng da dugrc Bd GD &
DT phe duyet. Canh cua vdo dai hgc, cao ddng ddi vdi nhi8u em rong md, nhung viec cd qud nhieu cac trudng dai hgc, cao ddng dugc thdnh lap ddn tdi su canh tranh trong tuyen sinh cua cac trudng trdn ca nudc kha gay gat. Dieu nay lam cho cdng tac tuyen sinh cua cac trudng dai hgc ndi chung va Phdn hi$u Dai hgc Ldm nghiep (PHDHLN) ndi rieng gdp rat nhieu khd khan, rdt khd de cd the tuyen dat chi tieu.
PHDHLN Id mdt trong nhung trudng cdng lap d huy^n Trang Bom, tmh Ddng Nai, ket qud tuyen sinh cua tmdng trong nhung ndm qua cung gdp rat nhieu khd khdn, mdc dii cdng tac tu van tuyen sinh cua trudng da di vao
chieu rdng va chieu sau. Nha trudng da cu ra rdt nhiSu cdc doan tu van tuyen sinh den tan cdc trudng THPT tren dia ban cac tinh nhu Ddng Nai, Ldm Ddng, Binh Thuan, Ninh thudn, Bd Ria - Vung Tau, Binh Phudc, Tay Ninh, Binh Dinh, Phu Yen, Quang Nam... tuy nhien sd thi sinh dang ky xet tuyen vdo PITOHLN vdn d dudi miic raong dgi, chua dat chi tieu de ra.
Vliy cac giai phap nao la cdc gidi phap can phai thi^c hien dd mang lai hieu qud cho cdng tac tuyen sinh ciia nhd tiudng? Dac biet trong giai doan hien nay khi ma cdc trudng dai hgc dang ddn chuyen sang md hinh tu chu ve tai chinh thi tuyen sinh la mdt nhi?m vu rdt quan trgng quy^t dinh den su tdn t^i cua bdt ky trudng d?i hgc ndo. Vi v^y, viec nghien cdu ap d\mg cho PHDHLN vdi myc tieu xdc dinh yeu td dnh hudng den quyet dinh chgn PIffiHLN Clia hgc sinh THPT tren dia bdn tinh Ddng Nai nhdm dua ra dugc nhung gidi phdp de gdp phdn ndng cao hieu qud tuyen sinh cua Nha trudng trong thdi gian tdi la rat cdp thidt.
n. N O I D U N G , PHU'aNG P H A P N G H B E N CUTJ 2.1. N$i dung nghien cun
- H? thong cac ly thuydt, cac cdng trirb T^P CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHfi LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2017
Kinh te & Chinh sdch nghidn cdu d Vi?t Nam va tren th8 gidi trudc
day cd lien quan ddn dd tai dd xdy dung md hmh cdc ydu td dnh hudng den quyet dinh chgn trudng deii hgc cua hgc sinh THPT.
- Tir md hmh nghidn ciiu tidn hanh xdy d\mg thang do cac nhdm ydu to anh hudng ddn quy^t dinh chgn PHDHLN tren co sd khao sat, lap bang hdi hgc sinh cac trudng THPT tren dia ban tinh Ddng Nai.
- Cac ydu td chii ydu anh hudng chii ydu den quyet dinh chgn PHDHLN cua hgc sinh THPT tren dia ban tinh Dong Nai.
- Cdc gidi phdp va khuydn nghi nham ndng cao hieu qua cdng tdc myen sinh cua trudng trong thdi gian tdl.
2.2. Phinmg phap nghien ciru 2.2.1. Md binb ly tbuyit 2.2.1.1. Quyet dinh chon tru&ng dgi hpc
Cac em hgc sitih ldp 12 trudc khi chuan h\
tdt nghidp thudng phai quyet dinh lira chgn trudng dai hgc, vi^c chgn trudng ciing nhu ngdnh nghd se dnh hudng ldn ddn tuong lai cua cdc em sau ndy. Cac em cd thd tu quydt dinh hodc tham khdo y kidn cua gia dinh, ban be hoac cac thdy cd... dd cd dugc quydt dinh phu hgp va tdt nhdt cho bdn than cdc em. CJuydt dinh chgn trudng dai hgc Id quydt dinh xet tuyen de theo hgc mgt trong nhung nganh nghd cua trudng dai hgc sau khi tdt nghi&p THPT.
2.2.1.2. Cdcyeu to dnh hu&ng
Nhin chung, trdn thd gidi dd cd mdt sd cac nghien ciiu ve cac nhan td anh hudng den chgn tnidng dai hgc cua hgc sinh PTTH. Chapman (1981) da dd xudt md hinh tdng qudt vd vi?c chgn trudng dai hgc ciia cdc hgc sinh. D^ra vao ket qua thong kd thu th^p cho thdy cd 2 nhdm ydu to anh hudng nhieu ddn quyet dinh chgn trudng la: D ^ didm cua gia dinh va cd nhdn hgc sinh; Mdt so ydu to bdn ngoai cd anh hudng cy thd nhu cdc cd nhdn dnh hudng; Cac dac didm co djnh ciia trudng dai hgc vd no lire giao tidp Clia trudng dai hgc vdi cac hgc sinh.
Cabera va La Nasa (1998) da nghidn ciiu md hinh vd vdn dd chgn trudng dax hgc dya
trdn nghien cuu ciia Chapman (1981). Kdt qua nghien cuu nay' ciing da chi ra dugc rdng nhung mong dgi vd cdng viec trong tucmg lai ciia hgc sinh cung la mdt nhdm yeu to quan trgng dnh hudng ddn quyet dinh chgn trudng d^i hgc cua hgc sinh.
Joseph Sia Kee Ming (2010) da de xuat md hmh khung khai niem cac yen td dnh hudng ddn quyet dinh chgn trudng dai hgc cua sinh vien t£ti Malaysia. Ngjiidn ciiu nay da dua ra dugc cac yeu to anh hudng den quyet dinh chgn trudng cua hgc sinh nhu sau: Nhdm ydu td dieu kien ciia cac trudng dai hgc (Vi tri;
Chuong trinh dao t^o; Danh tidng; Co sd vdt chat; Chi phi hgc t$p; Ho trg tai chinh; Ca hgi vide Idm); Nhdm yeu td cac nd lyc giao tidp vdi hgc sinh (Qudng cao; Dai dien mydn sinh;
Giao luu vdi cdc trudng phd thdng; Tham khudn vidn trudng dai hgc).
CJ Viet Nam ndi rieng da cd mdt sd cdc nghien ciiu ve cac nhan td dnh hudng den chgn trudng dai hgc ciia hgc sinh PTTH. Trdn Van Quy va Cao Hao Thi (2009) da xay dyng va kidm chiing md hinh cdc nhdn td anh hudng den quydt dinh chgn trudng dai hgc ciia hgc sinh vdi 5 nhan td dai dien theo miic dg anh hudng tir manh den ydu la: Nhan td vd co hgi vide ldm trong tucmg lai; Nhdn td ve thdng tin cd sdn ve trudng dai hgc; Nhdn td ve ban thdn ca nhdn hgc sinh; Nhan to vd cd nhdn cd anh hudng ddn quydt dinh cua hgc sinh; Nhdn td ddc diem cd dinh cua trudng hgc.
Nguydn Minh Ha va cgng su (2011) da dua ra dugc md hinh cac yeu td tac dgng den vi?c sinh vidn chgn ttudng Dai hgc Md TP.HCM:
Nd lyc cua nha trudng de dua thdng tin den hgc sinh sdp tdt nghiep THPT; Chdt lugng day - hgc; Dac didm ciia ban thdn sinh vien; Cdng vide trong tuong lai; Khd nang vao dugc trudng; Ngudi than trong gia dmh; Ngudi thdn ngoai gia dmh. Trong 7 nhdn td anh hudng tren thi ydu td no luc cua nhd trudng de dua thdng tin ddn hgc sinh sdp tdt nghiep la cd tam quan trgng cao nhdt.
TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHfi LAM NGHIEP S 6 4-2017 173
Kinh ti & Chinh sdch
Nhu v|y, dua tren co sd ly luan va thyc tiln Clia cac cdng trinh nghien cihi trudc day va didu kien dac thii ciia tinh Ddng Nai cd the
nhdn di$n dugc 5 nhdm y^u to anh hudng ddn quydt dinh chgn trudng dai hgc cua hgc sinh THPT (hinh 1).
Ca hdi vi?c lam trong hrcmg lai
Cac cd nhdn cd anh hudng den quyet dmh
chgn trudng dai hgc
Dac diem bdn than Clia hgc sinh THPT
Nd lyc giao tidp ciia trudng dai hgc den hgc
s u i THPT
Hinh 1. Mo bmh ly thuydt cua de tai 2.2.2. Pbirffngpbdp cbgn mau ngbiin cira
Dung lugng mlu: Phuang phdp phan tich du Heu chfnh dugc sd dyng cho nghien ciiu nay la phan tich trdn md hinh phdn tich nhan to kham pha (EFA). Dd dat dugc udc lugng tm cay cho phuang phdp nghien cuu nay man thudng phdi cd kich thudc du ldn. Theo kinh nghidm cua BoUen (1989) dung lugng mdu dugc xac dinh vdi miic tdi thidu Id 5 mdu cho mdt tham sd udc lugng, d ddy ta chgn 10 mdu cho mdt tham sd udc lugng, md hinb ly thuyet d nghidn ciiu nay cd 25 tham sd cdn udc lugng (bdng 1). Do do kich thudc mdu cdn thiet cho nghien ciiu la 250 (10*25) va vdi sd lugng 500 bang hdi se dugc phat ra de dam bao du mau nghien ciiu, kdt qua thu vd 405 phieu trong do cd 317 phidu dam bao ydu can.
Phucmg phap chgn mau: Nghien ciiu se dp dung phuang phap chgn mdu ngdu nhien de thu thdp thdng tin cua hgc sinh THPT tai 3 trudng THPT dai dien mdi huydn cua tinh Ddng Nai cd chdt lugng dao tao khac nhau, chii ydu cac tnrdng deu thugc khu vuc 2NT,
KVl vdi mgt sd trudng d KV2 ddng tai thi xa Long Khanh, TP. Bidn Hda, bao gdm ca tnrdng cdng lap va ngoai cdng lap.
2.2.3. Pbuwagpbdp thu thap so lif u Thdng tm thii cdp dugc thu thap dua tren bdo cdo tuydn sinh nam 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016.
Thdng tin sa cdp dugc thu thdp thdng qua phieu dieu tra khdo sdt thuc td, nghien cihi chinh thlic dugc thyc hien bdng phuang phap dinh Iugng thdng qua vide phat bang hdi vdi dung lugng mau la 317 phidu khdo sat ddm bao yeu eau.
2.2.4. Pburmgpbdp xul^phan ticb Dua tren ket qua nghidn cihi tdng quan, he thdng cac ly thuyet, cdc cdng trinh nghien ciiu trong vd ngoai nudc dong thdi tham khdo y kien cua cac cdn bg dd timg tham gia cdng tac tuydn sinh eho nha trudng, tdng hgp va thiet kd bdng hdi (thua kd tir nghien ciiu cua Nguyen Thanh Phong, 2013), sau dd bo sung hoan thign phii hgp vdi thye te nghien ciiu. Trong nghien cuu eac bien quan sat sii dung thang do
T ^ P CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP S 6 4-2017
Kinh ti & Chinh sdch Likert 5 muc dp va chi tidt dugc md ta trong dnh hudng ddn quydt dinh chgn PHDHLN eiia bang 1 vol 5 nhdm yeu td (25 bien quan sdt) hgc sinh THPT tren dia ban tmh Ddng Nai.
Bang 1. Thang do cac yeu to anh hirdng den quyet dinh chon PHDHLN cua h9c sinh THPT STT Nhdm cdc yeu t6 Ky hi^u
I Nhom ylu td cdc dac diem cila PHDHLN DB 1.1 PHDHLN cd vi tri dia ly gdn nhd, thudn Igi cho viec di l^i va hgc tap DDI
1.2 PHDHLN cd nganh dao tao da dang va phu hgp vdl nhu cdu xd bgi DD2
1.3 PHDHLN la dja chi ddo tao uy tin DD3 1.4 PHDHLN cd ca sd v^t chat, trang thiet bj hien dai phyc vy giang day tot DD4
1.5 PHDHLN ihu bgc phi thap pbii hgp vdi dieu ki?n kinh te gia dinh DD5 1.6 PHDHLN cd che do hgc bdng vd cac chinh sach cho sinh vifin rdt tdt DD6
Co ca bOi tim dugc viec lam diing theo chuyen mon dao tao sau khi tot nghiep DD7 PHDHLN
n Nhom y^u td nS l^c giao tiep ciia PIH)HLN GT PHDHLN thuc bien qudng cao cung cap day du tbdng tin vd tmdng qua cdc phuong GTl
tien tmyen thdng (bao, dai, website, facebook...)
2.2 PHDHLN cd cac ho?t ddng tu van tuydn sinh, hudng nghiep tdt GT2 2.3 Do da dugc ddn tham quan true tidp t^i Pffi)HLN GT3
m Nhdm ylu tS bdn than hgc sinh BT 3.1 VI diem chuan dau vao Clia PHDHLN phil hop vdi nang luc cd nhan BTI
3.2 PHDHLN cd nganh dao t^o phii hgp vdi sd thich, nguy&n vgng cua cd nban BT2 3.3 Vi PHDHLN cd nganh dao tao phu hgp vdi nang luc ban than BT3 3.4 Vi PHDHLN cd nganh dao tao phli hgp vdi gidi trnh BT4 IV Nhom y^u t6 cdc cd nhan c6 dnh birdng din quyet djnh chgn PHDHLN CN
4.1 Theo y kien Clia cha, m? CNl 4.2 Theo ^ kiln cua anh, chi em trong gia dinh CN2
4.3 Theo y kien cua thay/cd chii nhi^m, giao vien budng nghiep tmdng THPT CN3
4.4 Theo y kien ciia bgn be CN4 4.5 Theo y kien cua cac chuyen gia tu van, dai di?n tuyen sinh CN5
4.6 Theo y kien ciia cac anh/chi sinh vien da va dang hgc tai PHDHLN CN6
4.7 Theo y kiln ciia tbdy/cd PIfflHLN CN7 V Nhdm yeu to ccr hgi vi^c lam trong tinmg lai VL
5.1 Cd ca bgi kiem viec lam VLI 5.2 Kiem dugc vi?c Iam cd thu nbdp cao VL2 5.3 Co hgi vi?c Iain cd vi tri cao trong xa hgi VL3 VI Quyet djnh x^t tuyin vdo PHDHLN Id mgt trong cdc quylt dinh uu tien ciia bgn DCU__LNS
Nghien ciru su dyng phdn mdm thdng ke 3.1. K i t qua phdn tfch md hinh dya trdn IBM SPSS 23.0 cho vide phan tich thdng kd phan tfch nhan tS kham phd
md ta, xde dinh cac ydu t6 dnh hudng den 3,1.1. KiStn dinb chit lugmg tbang do bdng quydt dinh chgn PHDHLN thdng qua md hinh be so Cronbacb's Alpba
phdn ti'ch nhdn td kham pha EFA (Exploratory ^ac thang do deu dugc ddnh gid do tm c|y Factor Analysis). Kit qua phdn tich nhdn td * ^ " S ^""^ ^^ '^ Cronbach's Alpha va phuang kham pha EFA lam c a s d cho viec d l xudt mdt P^^P P^^^ "'^^ "^^ '^ ^ ^ P^^ E^^" ^ ^ s6 gidi phap nhdm nang cao hidu qua hiydn "g^'^" ^^ *=« ^^ ^'" ^^y '^^^ ^han^ do thi yen sinh eho PHDHLN trong thdi gian tdi. ^^^ '=^.'= ^'^"^ =1"^^ sat phai cd he sd tuang quan m KET QUA NGHIEN ClJtl ^^^^ *^"S (Corrected item - Total Correlation)
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2017 175
Kinh te & Chinh sdch
phdi ldn han hodc bang 0,3 vd hg sd Cronbach's Alpha phai ldn han hoac bdng 0,6 cdn nguge lai nlu cac bidn quan sat khdng dam
bao yeu cdu trdn sS bj lo£ii. Sau dd budc sau ciing la kidm* dinh md hinh bdng phuong phdp hoi qui da bien vdi muc y nghTa thdng kd 5%.
Bang 2. Tong hop ket qua phdn tich chat luang thang do bdng he so Cronbach's Alpha STT Nhdm biln S6 bien Cronbach's Alpba_
1 Dac difim cua PHDHLN 2 Nd Iyc giao tifip ciia PHDHLN 3 Bdn thdn hgc sinh 4 Cac ca nhdn cd anh budng _5 Co hgi vigc lam trong tuong lai
6 3 4 7 3
0,816 0,695 0,805 0,923 0,860 Tir kdt qud d bang 2 ta thdy thang do
ludng dat chudn vi cdc nhdm bidn ddu cd he sd Cronbach's Alpha thda man dieu kien ldn ban 0,6.
3.1.3. Kdt qua pbdtt ticb nban to kbam pha EFA
3.1.2.1. Kiim dinh tinh thich hep cda EFA
Chi sd KMO (Kaiser-Meiyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy) la chi sd duge dimg de xem xdt sy thich hgp eiia cdc phan tich nhdn td. Ket qua phan tich tii bdng 3 ta duge KMO = 0,889 thda man didu kidn 0,5
< KMO < 1, nhu vdy phdn tich nhan td kham phd la thich hgp vdi dii lieu thyc td.
Bdng 3. Kilm dinh KMO vd Bartlett's Test ^ ^ Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy 0,8
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx, Chi-Square df Sig.
3907,914 231 0.000 3.1.2.2. Kiem dfnh tuong quan cua cdc bien
quan sdt trong thuac do dgi diin
Tir kit qua cua bang 3 ta thay kiem dinh Bartlett cd miic y nghia thdng kd Sig. < 0,05,
nhu vdy cac bien quan sat cd tuang quan myen ti'nh vdi nhan td dai didn.
3.1.2.3. Kiim djnh mtic dg gidi thich cda cdc bien quan sdt ddi v&i nhdn td
Bang 4. T^ng phinrag sai dmfc giai thich (Total Variance Explained)
Component
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 21 22
Total 7,589 3,673 1,364 1,167 1,013 0,847 0,707 0,643 0,640 0,196 0,169
Initial Eigenvalues
%of Variance
34,496 16,696 6,200 5,306 4,603 3,849 3,213 2,923 2,908 0,893 0,766
Cumulative 34,496
%
51,192 57,392 62,698 67,300 71,149 74,362 77,285 80,193 99,234 100,000
Extraction Sums of Squared
Total 7,589 3,673 1,364 1,167 1,013
%of
^
Variance 34,496 16,696 6,200 5,306 4,603
Cumulative 34,496
%
51,192 57,392 62,698 67,300
Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total 4,956 3,312 2,494 2,394 1,649
176 T ^ P C H i KHOA HQC VA CONG N G H f LAM N G H I f P S 6 4-2017
Kinh ti & Chtnh sdch Dya vdo cdt Cumulative ciia bang 4 cho ta
thdy dugc tri sd phuang sai trich la 67,3% didu ndy cho thdy cd 67,3% thay ddi eua cac nhdn td dugc gidi thich bdi cac bidn quan sat.
3.1.2.4. Kit qud ciia md hinh EFA
Qua Idem dinh chat lugng thang do vd kidm dinh md hinh EFA, nhan dien dugc 5 thang do dai dign cho eac ydu td dnh hudng ddn quydt djnh chgn PHDHLN cua hgc sinh THPT (bdng 5).
Bang 5. Md hinh dilu chinb qua kiem dinh Cronbach's Alphava phan ti'ch EFA STT Thang do Bien dac trimg Giai thich thang do
1 2 3 4 5
CN(F1) DD(F2) BT(F3) VL{F4) GT(F5)
CNl, CN2, CN3, CN4, CN5, CN6, CN7 E)D2, DB3, DD4, DD5, SD6, E)B7 BT1,BT2, BT3,BT4 VL1,VL2,VL3 GT1,GT2
Cac cd nhdn cd anh budng Dac dilm ciia PHDHLN Ban than hgc sinh Co bgi vi?c Iam trong tuong lai No lyc giao tiep ciia PHDHLN 3.1.2.5. Phdn tich hoi qui da biin
Dd danh gid dugc miic do dnh hudng, nhdn dien cac yeu td dnh hudng den quydt dinh ehgn PHDHLN Clia hgc sinh THPT md hmh tucmg quan tdng the ed dang:
DCU_LNS = f(Fl,F2,F3,F4,F5) Trong dd: DCU_LNS: Bidn phy thudc;
F l , F2, F3, F4, F5: Bidn dgc lap.
Vide xem xet trong ede ydu td F l , F2, F3, F4, F5, ydu to ndo thyc sy tac ddng den quyet dinh chgn PHDHLN ciia hgc smh THPT tren dja ban tinh Ddng Nai se tiiue hien bdng phuang trinh hdi qui tuyen tinh.
DCU_LNS = po + pl Fl + P2F2 + P3F3 + p4F4 +P5F5
Bang 6. Tdm tdt md hinh (Model Summary) Biln d$c
lap Constant CN-Fl E)D-F2 BT-F3 VL-F4 GT-F5 Tong
Hfso h^iqui
chira chuin haa(B) 3,192 0,386 0,301 0,358 0,350 0,166
Gii tr! t (t-value) 90,135 10,879 8,487 10,095 9,854 4,688
Mircy nghia thong ke (P-value) 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 Bign s6 phy thupc: Quyet dinh chpn PHDHLN Dunglupng
F
mau quan He s6 R-squared He s6 R-squared hieu ( Durbin Watson
sat
'hinh
VIF
1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
317 82,275 0,569 0,563 1,857
H$so hoi qui chuan h6a (Beta) 0,405 0,316 0,376 0,367 0,174
Gii tri tuyft doi ciia
Beta 0,405 0,316 0,376 0,367 0,174 1,638
MiTcd§
dong gop ciia cdc
biln 24,7%
19,3%
23%
22,4%
10,6%
100%
Tam quan trgng ciia cac
bien 1 4 2 3 5
Kit qud d bang 6 cho thdy he sd phdng dai phuang sai (VIF) ddu nhd ban 10. Nhu vdy cdc bidn ddc lap khdng ed tuong quan vdi nhau, va md hinh hdi qui khdng cd hien tugng da cgng
tuydn cua cac bien dgc lap. He sd Durbin Watson (l<d = 1,857<3), nhu vdy md hinh hdi qui khdng cd hidn tugng br tuong quan. Ket qua kidm dinh eho thay md hinh hdi qui khdng TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2017 177
Kinh ti & Chinh sdch
cd hi|n tugng phucmg sai cua sai sd thay ddi.
Trong bang 6, vdi miic y nghia Sig. < 0,01 nen cd the kit Iudn rdng mo hinh hdi qui luon ton tai cac biln dgc lap cd tucmg quan tuydn tinh vdi bidn phy thugc va vdi miic do tin cay la 99%. Ciing tir kit qud bang 6 cho tiidy hg sd R^ hieu chinh = 0,563, gid tri nay cho ta bidt cac biln ddc lap trong md hinh cd thd giai thich dugc 56,3% sy thay ddi ciia bidn phu thudc, hay 56,3% quyet dinh chgn PHDHLN Clia hgc sinh THPT tren dia bdn tinh Ddng Nai chiu anh hudng bdi 5 nhdm ydu td trdn.
Nhu vdy, mo hinh dua ra phii hgp vdi du: lieu thue td.
3.1.2.6. Thdo lu4n kit gud hdi qui Tdt cd 5 bidn F l , F2, F3, F4, F5 cd quan he cimg chidu vdi bidn DCU_LNS. Dya vao he sd hoi qui dd dugc chuan hda tir Bang 6 da cho thdy miic dg tam quan trong cua 5 yeu td dnh hudng din quylt dinh chgn PHDHLN tii manh den ylu la: Cac cd nhan cd anh hudng (24,7%);
Bdn thdn hgc sinh (23%); Co hdi vide lam trong tucmg lai (22,4%); Ddc dilm cua PHDHLN (19,3%); Nd luc giao tidp cua PHDHLN (10,6%).
3.2. Giai phap gop phan nang cao bieu qua cong tic tuyin sinh cua PHDHLN
Dya tren kdt qua da phdn tich cac ydu td anh hudng din quylt dinh chgn PHDHLN cua hgc sinh THPT trdn dia ban tinh Ddng Nai cd the dd xudt mgt sd giai phap nham nang cao hieu qua tuydn smh nhu sau:
3.2.1. Ve cac ca nban cd anb bu&ng Cac cd nhan cd anh hudng la ydu td cd mue dg anh hudng cao nhdt den quyet dinh ehgn PHDHLN cua hgc smh THPT trdn dia ban tmh Ddng Nai. Vi vay de tuyen sinh cd hidu qud cdn quan tdm den kenh tuyen sinh nay va thyc hien cac hoat dgng sau day:
- Thiet lap mdi lien b? vdi cdc trudng THPT dac bidt la vdi cac giao vien, can bd lam cdng tac hudng nghiep cho cac em hgc sinh. Bdi thyc te cho thay phdn ldn ede era hge sinh ddn
tan ldp 12 van chua cd dinh hudng hay quyet dinh chac chdn se chgn nganh nao, trudng Dai hgc nao dd tidp tue hgc, cho ndn vigc dinh hudng nghd nghigp cho cdc em la mgt vigc co tdm anh hudng Idn,
- Thanh lap cdc can lac bg tuyen sinh tai PHDHLN ma thdnh vidn tham gia hoat dgng la cac sinh vidn dang hgc tai trudng, chhih cdc em sinh vien sd Id minh chiing chdn thue nhdt de gidi thidu nhung hinh dnh, hofit dgng cua trudng tdi ngudi than, ban be va rdng hon Id xa hgi. Bdn canh do trong nhiing dip di tu van tuydn sinh hang nam t^i cac trudng THPT tlu trudng cd thd ldn kd hoach to chiie nhiing budi g|.p mat cac phu huynh hgc sinh, nhiing cyu sinh vidn da timg hoc tai PHDHLN dd truyen tai thdng tin tuydn sinh ddn hg.
- Cac gidng vien ciia trudng khi len ldp d^c bigt la nhiing ldp ngodi trudng nen gidnh m^t it thdi gian gidi thidu ve trudng cung nhu nganh nghl tuydn smh, ho?c ldng ghep trong qua trinh gidng d^y mdn chuyen nganh la thdng tin hudng nghiep tdi eae sinh vidn hoac hgc vidn.
- Thilt lap kenh thdng tin din phy huynh hgc sinh la nhung cyu sinh vien ciia trudng Dai hgc Ldm nghidp.
3.2.2. Ve ban tbin bgc sinb
- Lya chgn vung tuyen sinh, vimg tuyen trgng didm ehii ydu Id cae trudng thugc khu vuc 1, khu vuc 2NT, vimg sau viing xa, cdc trudng cd chdt lugng dao tao d miie khd trd xudng.
- Duy tri vide xet tuydn theo phuang an tuyin sinh rieng da va dang thye hien dd la phuang thlic xet tuydn d ^ hge bang kdt qua hgc ba THPT. Tuy nhidn ve Idu vd ddi dd ndng eao thuang hi?u eiong nhu chdt lugng ddo t^o cua trudng thi day eung ehi Id gidi phap trong ngan han.
3.2.3. vk car bgi vigc 1km trong tuffng lai - Tiep tuc xiic tidn vide xin md nhiing nganh nghd phil hgp nhu cdu eho xd hgi.
- Thdnh I|tp trung tdm xuc tidn vigc lam lien 178 TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CONG NGH? LAM NGHIEP S 6 4-2017
Kinh te & Chinh sdch ket vdi cde doanh nghiep, ca quan don vj...
hgp ddng vdi cac ca quan don vi ndyde dao tao ngudn nhdn lyc theo nhu edu su dyng cua hg libdm dam bdo ddu ra cho cac em sinh vidn. Vi du cd thd dua ra tieu chi neu em sinh vidn nao sau khi tdt nghiep dat kit qua hge tap dat 7,5 trd len, trinh do ngoai ngfl cimg mgt sd ky nang can thidt thi nha tnrdng ed the dam bdo vide lam cho cac em.
3J.4. VS ddc diSm cua PHBHLN - PHDHLN cd V} tri dia ly gdn nha thudn lgi cho vige hgc tap, phdn Idn ede em hge smh deu ddng y cao vdi bien nay, vi vay nha trudng nen tidp tyc phat huy lgi thl sdn cd nay bdng cdch uu tidn tdc ddng tuydn sinh manh hon niia tai tinh D^ng Nai.
- Ndng cao chat lugng dao t^o, ca sd vat chat, trang thidt bi hidn dai Id tidn de dde bidt quan trgng ddm bao uy tin hay xdy dyng thuang hidu cho PHDHLN. Dd lam dugc didu dd, PHDHLN can quan tdm vide tao ra mdi trudng hge tap than thien, canh quan trudng sach dep, chd an d cho sinh vien chua dugc dep hay hidn dai nhung phai day dii va sach se, Wifi phu sdng day du, giang vien nhiet tinh vdi nghd, eac nhdn vien phuc vu tai cac phdng ban phai hda nha vdi cac em hgc sinh, sinh vidn, va phai cd tac phong lam vide chuydn nghidp tao thien cdm tdt. Dieu nay lam ndn an tugng trudng hgc khdng chi ddi vdi smh vidn cua trudng ma cd cdc ca nhan cd anh hudng khae, diic bidt trong thai dai cdng nghd thdng tin lan truydn mdt each tihatih chdng tren Internet, mang xa hgi, chi can mgt hinh dnh dep ve trudng la da tao ra tam anh budng khdng nhd.
3.2.5. Ve nSluc giao tidp cua PHBHLN Nhdm yeu td nay cd miic do dnh hudng thdp nhdp, thye td ddy ciing Id gidi phdp mang tmh tam thdi nhung ciing khdng thd bd qua.
Bdi hidn nay PHDHLN chua tao lap dugc thucmg hi^u uy tin nhdt dinh thi vigc dem thong tin qudng ba nha tnrdng tdi cdc em hgc sinh THPT van phdi tidp tue duy tri. Tu vide ndy Id nhip edu kdt ndi tnidng dai hgc vdi
trudng THPT, nham tae ddng ddn cac ca nhan cd anh hudng ddn cac em hgc sinh tnmg hgc phd thdng.
IV. K i T LUAN
Nghidn ciiu da he thdng hda ea sd ly ludn cua van dd nghien ciiu vd quydt dinh ehgn trudng cua hgc sinh THPT trdn dia ban tinh Ddng Nai va cae ydu td anh hudng tidm nang ddn vide chgn trudng dai hgc ciia hgc sinh THPT.
Xae dinh dugc eae nhdm nhan td dnh hudng din quylt dinh chgn PHDHLN theo thur tu: (1) Cae ed nhan cd anh hudng; (2) Ban than hge sinh; (3) Ca hgi viec Iam trong tuang lai; (4) Dac didm ciia PHDHLN; (5) No lyc giao tilp Clia PHDHLN.
Trdn co sd do, nghidn ciiu da dua ra mdt sd gidi phdp nham nang cao hidu qud myen sinh ciia PHDHLN trong thdi gian tdi nhu sau:
- Thidt lap mdi lien he vdi cac trudng THPT d^c bigt la vdi cac giao vidn, cdn bd lam cdng tac hudng nghiep.
- Da dang hda hinh thuc xet tuyen trong tuydn sinh, tiln tdi ty ehii tuydn sinh.
- Xiic tien vigc md nhung nganh nghd ddo tao Iheo nhu cdu xa hgi.
- Ndng cao chdt lugng dao tao, xdy dyng ca sd vat chdt, trang thidt bi hidn dai.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguyen Minh Ha va cong su (2011), Cac yeu to anh hucmg (Jen viec sinh vien chpn Tmong Dai hoc Met TP.HCM, Xd hQi - Gido dye. Dai hoc mo TPJHCM, 97-107.
2. Trin Van Qui, Cao Hao Thi (2009), Cac ylu t l anh buong den quylt dmh chgn tnrcmg Dai bgc ciia bgc sinh THPT, Tap chi phdt inen Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe, so 15, Dgi hQC Quic gia Thanh phi H6 Chi Minh, 87-102.
3. Alberto F. Cabrera, Steven M. La Nasa (2000), Understanding the College-Choice Process, Joumal of New Directionsfor Institutional Research, 2000(107), 5-22.
4. Bollen, K.A. (1998), Stmctural Equations with latent variables. New York; John Wiley and Sons.
5. Chapman D.W (1981), A Mode! of student college choice, The Joumal of Higher Education, 52(5), 490-505.
6. Joseph Sia Kee Ming (2010), Institutional Factors Influencing Students' College Choice Decision in Malaysia: A Conceptual Framework, Intemational Journal of Business and Social Science, 1(3), 53-58 TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2017 179
Kinh te & Chinh sdch
FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVEiRSITY OF FORESTRY- SOUTHERN CAMPUS CHOICE DECISION OF HIGH - SCHOOL STUDENTS
IN DONG NAI PROVINCE
V u T h i H u e \ L e D i n h H a i ^ N g u y e n V a n Phu^
''^'^ Vietnam National University of Forestry - Southem Campus
S U M M A R Y
In this research, in order to identify key factors influencing Vietnam National University of Forestry - Southern Campus choice decision of high-school students in Dong Nai province, we conducted to survey 317 high- school students in Dong Nai province. The result of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) indicated that 5 factors, including: (1) Individuals influenced to choose Vietnam National University of Forestry - Southem Campus;
(2) Students themselves; (3) Characteristics of Vietnam National University of Forestry - Southem Campus; (4) Opportunities in fiiture employment; and (5) Communication efforts of Vietnam National University of Forestry - Southem Campus, have significantly affected Vietnam National University of Forestry - Southem Campus choice decision of high-school students in Dong Nai province. This result proposes solutions to improve the admission effectiveness of Vietnam National University of Forestry - Southem Campus in the upcoming time, including: (1) Develop relationships with high schools; (2) Diversify methods of enrolment; (3) Promote to open new training majors that will satisfy with social demand; (4) Improve training quality and build modem materials and facilities.
Keywords: Dong Nai, EFA, high-school, VNUF2.
Ngay nh^n bai Ngay phan b i | n Ngay q u y l t dinh ddng
26/6/2017 31/6/2017 12/7/2017
T A P C H I K H O A H Q C V A C O N G N G H E L A M N G H I E P S O 4 - 2 0 1 7
