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TOI ini s o VONG KIM CI/ffNG TREN DAY CAT
DUNG TRONG KHAI THAC D A KHOI
ThS. PHAM VAN VIET, TS. NGUYEN ANH T U A N Tnrong Bjii hgc Md-Bia Chit I.GIiyj thieu
N T O C ta CO t i i m nang vi da khoi vdi rat nhieu logi da l<hoi khac nhau nhu: granite, da c^m thgch, da gabro, da bazan, da marble, thach anh vdi m i u sSc da dgng sir dgng cho cac c6ng trinh ki6n tnic, (^ng ngh? sir dgng d4 tach da khoi \<i khoi nguyen rat da dgng: bgt n * ; thu6c n6, day n6: nSm; cu-a d t bang dSy kim cuo'ng: cua oat bang cya tay rgch x i c h ; M | c a t bang cua dia,...
Q ^ W y , cac mo di kh6i a Vl#t Nam Ig'a chon v4 s u dgng phuo'ng p h i p tach i i kh6i bang cua day kim cuong (H.1). May cua cat bang day kim cuong g6m 3 phan co ban: day kim cuong; may cua v4 ray djnh hudng. Trong do day cat kim cuong la mpt bO p h j n dupc lu6n vao trong khoi da can dup'c cat tgo ra mpt vdng tron khep kin vdi banh da di^u khi^n quay cga may cua va d u p c diau kien chgyjn dOng trong be mgt kh6i da dm cat, d u d i sdc cang va chgyin dOng cua day, cac vdng trdn kim cuong se ma sat vao da tao ra s u mai mon tren m | t cJn phai caiTrong qga Irinh ck, may cua s i dup'c di chgyen theo c h i l u ngugc Igi dS Igdn tgo ra Ig'c cang trong day c4t kim cuong.
May cua cSp hogl ddng bSng ddng co di#n 3 pha vd cap thdng qga d i i g khien boi b i i n t i n kdp cho phdp t6c dp tgyen tinh b i i n thidn cua day thay doi tit 0*40 m/s de cSt da cam thgch va 0*30 m/s d i cat da granit, phu hdp vdi bat kJ c h i t lupng hay dp ci>ng cua da k h i i [1].
Vdi cong ngh0 cua cat bang d i y kim cuong, khdi d u p c c i t khdng x g i t hidn cac khe nut thu sinh do hogt ddng cat gay ra, cat dupc khoi cd kich thudc khoi b i t kJ. khdng phg thudc vao d|a hinh khu md vl cd cac so d i va hudng c i t t i t da dgng.
Lpa chpn phuong phap khai thac da khoi thuong dupc dua trSn^cac thdng so nhu v j t If, c o hpc va cac dac tinh c i u tnjc va dia c h i t cOa da khoi nhu h# thdng mgng khe nut, k h i nang khai thac cac khdi cd kich thudc c h i b i i n va thupng mai va san lupng. Van d i kinh t i - k j thuat khal thac "dat ra la chi phi d i a day cat chiim mOt phan Idn trong cac chi
phi khai Ihac da k h i i bang day cat kim arong, vigc t i i uu nd cd t h i dan ldi tang higu q u i kinh t i tnong khai thac 3^ khoi, giam chi phi khai thac ma cy the la s i lupng cac Idp cat lgo ra cac k h i i p h i p h i m .
H.t.Sa dd cit di kh6i bdng day ck kim cuxmg [IJ Vay, de giam t i i da cac chi phi oat k h i n g can thiet, viec khao sat danh gia cac thdng so c i n g nghg trong khai thac da k h i i bang day cat kim c u o n g nhu h u d n g cat, klch t h u d c khoi cat va chi tidu mdt day cho mdt m^ hay m ' da k h i i nggyen khai la vide c i n t h i i t . Ham mgc ti6u la chi phi khai thac ludn la nhd n h i t vdi cac bien s i la thdng so cat: h u d n g cat, c h i i u cao, c h i i u rdng va dai Idp cat phCi h p p vdi d i i u ki#n md dia c h i t
<:M t h i p^khu w c khai thac. c a c t h i n g s6 khdng dieu khien d u p c gom cac thdng s i ve dgc tinh vgt ly va c p hpc, d(a chat, c i u tao cda da k h i i (dp nut n i ) va cac d i i u kidn khi h j u khu md.
Nhom cac thong so t h i dieg chinh thl lidn qgan chlnh tdi may mdc ( n h u may c u a cat va may khoan). Cac thdng so nay cd t h i thay d i i b i n g vigc thay doi t h i i t ke va cd the d i i g chinh n h u : dgc tinh may cua, nang lupng SLP dgng, vi tri khoi cat, sd vdng kim c u o n g t r i n 1 m day c i t , gdc cat g i i i a day va mat nam ngang, dign ticli vilng cat, toe dp c i t , k h i i iupng n u d c va c i u tnic vdng kim c u o n g . Trong cac thdng s i cd t h i djeu chinh d u p c , trong pham vi bai b i o nay
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KHOA HOC VA CDNG NGHE MOchung tii nghien cuu cac thdng s6 c6 IiSn quan cOa diy qua thi> nghi$m vdi mOt logi d i khii nhit tdi cau true day cat nhu la s4 lupng vdng hgt kim d|nh. Qua trinh nay dupc thu thip thdng tin vi cuong trong mpt dpn vj chieu dii day (H.2). Bai phin tich tgi 3 thdl diim nhit djnh trong suit thdi bap se tiin hanh khao sat sir inh hirihra cua mSt gian t i n tgi cOa dSy clt kim cmrng: giai dogn diu, dp vdng hat kim cuong tdi hiiu qui cat d i khii glai dogn gi&a v i glal dogn cuii.
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D i xac dinh so lupng cac vdng hgt kim cuong tii uu trdn day cat, tnj'dc tien phai tiin hanh cd djnh kich thudc khii cat vd chiiu dai day cit kim cuong, nhung thay doi s6 lupng cac vdng hgt kim cuong trdn day cat kim cuong.
Sau dd, kich thudc khoi cat dupc giCr c6 djnh nhung chiiu dai day va mgt dd vdng hgt kim cuong thay dii d i thay rd sp inh hudng ci3a nhO'ng thdng s6 dieu chfnh nay toi hieu qgi cat da khoi. Nhiing du lidu thu dupc tii mdt logt cdc thfi nghigm, sau dd tiin hdnh phan tich va cuii cung the hign trdn vai bieu do da dupc dua ra di lua chpn diiu kidn toi uu. Toin bd qua trinh nay dupo thuc hien tren vigc thu nghigm tir mdt loai da khii nhil dinh.
Boi vdi xac dinh s i lupng cac vdng hgt kim cuong toi uu trSn day cat, d l iam vi#c nay, tardc tiSn phii tiin hdnh c i d|nh kich thudc khdi cat va chiiu dai day cat kim cuong, nhung thay doi s i lupng cac vdng hgt kim cuong tren day cat kim cuong. Sau dd, kich thudc khii cat dupc giii c i djnh nhung chiiu ddi day va mSt dd vdng hgt kim cuong thay dii d i thay ro su inh hudng cua nhung thing so dieu chinh nay tdi higu qui cat da khdi. Nhung dO liiu thu dupc tip mpt logt cdc thif nghigm, sau dd tien hanh phan tich va cuoi cung thi hign trdn vai bieu d i da dupc dua ra d i Ipa chpn dieu kidn toi uu. Toan bd qua trinh nay dupc thpc hign trSn vigc thu' nghigm tip mdt loai da khoi nhit dinh.
2. Tinh toan kha nang c i l cua vdng kim cuwng va higu suat cat cho cic khoi kich thuwc khac nhau Khii lupng mat da dupc cat bdi mpt vdng kim cuong neng bi$t dupc gpi la kha nang cat cua vong, diiu nay phg thgpc vao dac tinh co hpc cga da, chat lupng vdng kim cuong vd ky nang ngudi
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vin hanh. B i ddnh gii thdng s4 niy v i til ug klch thudc khii dupc dpa trin hiiu qui clt tii da bing giim tidu hao vdng kim cuong, dli li$u dupc thu thSp trong suit thdi diim dii cda md d i hoa tring.
Trong suit tit c i cic giai dogn cOa nghiin ciiu, mit logi may cit don giin vdi ciing thing s i v^n hdnh da dupc sip dgng: cing suit mi to chlnh 45 kW, tdc dO diy 30 m/s, dudng kinh ning rpc 600 mm va Ipc diy liii 930 N. Tit c i cdc s i li#u thu thap da dupc thpc hiin trdn ciing mOt logi da hoa t^ng vdi cCing djc tinh cp hpc. Hay ndi cich khSc, tit c i cic thing s i inh hudng din hidu qui clt phan trSn dupc giO' khdng dil ngogi tni cic thdng so mgc tliu.
cac m i da hoa tring hiu hit sip dgng cac vdng kim cuong vdi 3 mat d d i 530,1260 v i 1140 da dupc sip dgng cho cdc klch thudc khil giO'a 48 vd 144 m^ NhOng block da dupc chia thanh 3 phin dpa trin mat cit cOa chiing, nhi (48+64 m") trgng binh 70+90 m^ vd cio khii Idn (120 tdi 144 m ). Mipc d i cit oOa cdc vdng kim cuong da ghi trong suit qui trinh clt. Bing 2 thi hiin mit kit lugn cda qua trtnh xem xdt mii qgan h i giira s i lupng vdng kim cuong tiig hao v i miic d i clt.
Khi dd thiy dupc, cho t i t c i cao tnfdng hpp, khi ning clt tip 6 tdi 6,19 m^ Nhiing diim chlnh od thi nJt ra tip nhiing s6 liiu dinh gia la khi ning cat tii uu cd thi dgt dupc bdi cdc klch thudc trung binh cQa cic khii.
Ngoai ra, hiiu qud clt cQng cdn phg thuJc vio thdi gian tin hgi cDa diy kim cuong. B i khio sat hign tupng niy, tgii thp cia cac vdng kim cuong dupc chia thdnh 3 giai dogn va mirc d i clt dupc ghi cho mii giai dogn riing biit glal dogn dig, giai dogn gltpa va giai dogn cuii.
Trong phgm vi nghidn ciru bdi bao nay, chiing
KHOA HOC *A CONG NGHE MO
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da hoa tring thudmg nim tnin muc xam thpc dia phucrng nin khdng chOa nudc hoac rit i1. Cac tdi chpn md da hoa tring nim trong khu vvpc Quy
Hpp vdi Ihinh phin thgch hoc chi yiu la aa hoa
T ^ f S ! l . " J ? " , ? " J * " * ^ . ' " " J * " - ° * <* Ihong ^ v i tinh tJilt cp lyVupc'thi hidn" tanq vit chi yiu id caldte chiim tip 95+100 %. Khg vpc giiia cic glal dogn v i hi#u qui d t the hidn tranq
Bing 2.
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Bing 2 MSl quan h6 giira s6 luvng vdng hm cuang Mu haovimOcdg cSI vi khi ning dt
klc?ZlMlX::nhlu"^ "'"' " " " °^' * ^ ^ * " '''" '^" '^'"^^o nhau Cia diy kim cuxmg vd*
_cac glai aogn t i n tgi cda day kim cuona H.3. ThS hl0n cic giai dogn cia dSy dt kim cuvng vdi klch thudc khoi
Theo H.3. vdi viic d t cdc khil cd kich thudc khdc nhau, nhung diu thiy ring Id giai dogn 2
cia thoi gian t i n tgi ciia day d t od miPc dd cat lon nhat so vdi giai dogn m i l va giai dogn 2 trong do giai dogn cuii (giai dogn 3) cd mirc dfi cit la nho nhit. Nhu viy, tip Bing 3 vd H 3 ta thiy rang Ipa chon klch thudc khii d i clt cunq anh hudng din muc d i d t cOa day, kich thupc tning binh dupc ug tiin clt diu tiin, sau den kich thudc nhi va Idn.
3. Anh huvng cua so lu^ng vdng kim cuvng tren mpt dpn vj chieu d i i day tdi hieu qua clt da hoa tring
Bin cgnh d c thdng so khdc, s i lupng ciia vdng km cmrng ttin mpt don v| chiiu dai day d t cdn cd the dnh hudmg mirc d i d t . Cd thi tim ra so lupno vdng tii uu trin mpt don vi chiiu ddi day qua vdi thpc nghigm trin cac md da hoa [rang. Mdc dO d t
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KHOA HOC VA CfiNG NGHi MOse la t h i p hon mOc t i i uu neu sd lupng vdng tren sau, khi so lupng vdng nho hon so lupng t i i uu m i t don vi c h i i u ddi Id nhieu hoac it hon mpt so khoang ttong giiia cdc hgt d i n ftW g i i m mirc d i c^
lupng nhat dfnh va anh hudng xau tdi higu q u i vd cd t h i d i n tdi s p d t diH ddy. B i n g 4, S va 6 l i cat. B i i vpi d i i u kien dau, s i lupng vdng la n h i i u tong hpp k i t q u i tip mdt so md da hoa t i i n g vdi s i hon so lupng t i i u u , giam hieu qua la do s u nen lupng vdng kim cuong khao nhau t r i n 1 m chiiu cao idm day cirng dgc theo day. Odi vdi d i i u kign ddi ddy g i m 29, 30, 31 vd 32.
Bang 4. Mac 00 cSt cho 4 mic visa lutfng vdng kim cuong khac nhau trang cac khdi vai mstdl khoang SO nf
Bang 5. MOc dp c i t ddi vol s6 lugng vdng khac nhau vol m^t cit 64 m S6 lupng
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Bang 6 Hifu qua cit d6i vin s6 /upng mau khic nhau v&i m$t cSl 48 rrf C h i i u d i l
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S i vdng kim cuong tidn 1 m day H.4. Sg thay ddi cua mOc d i c3( vdr s6 lugng
vdng kim cuang vi klch thudc khoi cit.
Nhu t h i y trang H.4, ode tnidng hpp d dd mdt d i vdng la 30, 31 vd 32 cho cdc khoi Idn va mdt d i 31 va 32 vdng cho cdc k h i i vtpa se tao ra miic dd d t cao. Nhung doi vdi cac k h i i nho, higu qua cao
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chi thupc tnpong hpp d dd 31 vdng dupc tinh Irin I n i chieu ddi ddy. Do anh huong ciia g i i m iing s u i t ndn cdc v i n g va dO cipng dpc day tdi miic d i d t . Do vgy, khi klch thudc cdc k h i i tang thl d i Cling dpc day se giam xuong vi chu vi d t sd tdng len, cdn ipng s u i t ndn nen v i n g kim cuong v l n d u p c duy trt. Tuy n h i i n , bd qua kfch thudc khii, siS lupng d c vdng kim cuong tot uu trong m i l don vj c h i i u dai la 31 va trong tnidng hpp m u i n chpn giiia 30 va 32 thl gia trj Idn h i i u q u i hon cho t i t c i cdc logi k h i i . Nhung cung phai n h i n mgnh ring d i i vdi da hoa t r i n g k h i n g ke kfch thudc thl tnidng hpp t i i uu n h i t cua ddy d t khi sip dgng 31 vdng trdn m i l 1 m c h i i u dai ddy.
5. K i t lugn
Trang thdi gian t i n tgi c i a d i y d t kim cupng chia lam 3 giai dogn d t Giai dogn gltpa cd miic d i d t cao nhat sau d i mdi d i n giai dogn d i u vd gial doan cuoi. B e tdng hl#u qua d t vdng kim cuong, ndn ipa ehgn kich thudc k h i i d t n h i d giai dogn
KHOA HOC f A CONG NGHE M l tou cua tuoi thp vdng kim cuomg, sau do klch Ihudc khd cat phai tdng Iheo thdi gian tin tai cua vdng kim cuong nhung p giai doan cuoi cua tuii tho wing kim cuong Ihi kich thudc khoi d t nen giam. Neu bd qua rac klch thudc khii cat, s i lupng vong kim cuong toi uu tidn 1 m chieu day day Id 31 va neu mudn chpn giiia 30 va 32 mi 32 se hiiu qua hon. T i i phuong phap cat day kim cuong, dua vao so lupng ving kim cuong va vai thing so khac nhu klch thupc va so lupng day Ihdp, moi n i l va gap day se d t h i anh hudng tori hieu q u i d t Do dd.'can Ihiet khao sat nhUng anh hudmg nay hon nua va nghidn cuu thim tong tPong lai de hoan thign Ihem cac Ihdng so Oi uu tpi higu qua d t cda day d t kim cuong. Bdi bao nay mdi chi nghien cipu so bp ve vdng kim cuong cho cac md to hoa trang. do dd kit qua nay cd I h i dp dgng cho cac md dd khoi rartonat, nhiing md khac muon ap dung cho cac logi da khoi khac nhu granit can phai'nghien a i u thim Iheo hudng nay.n
^ - TAl U^U THAM K H A O , f J ; . I S S ^ ' ^ ''"^' ^'*" °"ang Hiiu, Pham Van Vi^(a)16). Cong n ^ khai Ihdc aa khii Bin nln. Nha xuit ban Khoa hoc lp nhiin va Cing nghe. Ha Noi
2. Trin Dinh Tai (2016). Nghiin a l u l p dgnd cdnq nghg khai tfiac sip dgng cua c ^ kim cuong phg h<^
nham ning cao chat lupng tong khal tfiac to khoi ung dgng Irong mpt s i md to Irang vOng Qui Hpo' Nghi An. Ludn van Thgc sT K5 tfigat, Tnidng Ogi hpc
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3. Risto Dambov. Goran Stojkoski, Zoran Kostosk (2011). Technology of exploitatton of stone with diamond wire saw and pillow. Proceedings of ttie XI National conference with intematkmal partjdpalkin of the open and gndenvater mining of minerals, Varna, Bulgaria.
Ngudri bien tap: Ho ST Giao
T l i kfida: dt day kim cuong: s6 luvng vong kim cuong: khai thac da khoi
Ngay nhan bai: 05 thing 03 nam 2016 Ngdy duyel d i n g bai: 06 thing 8 nam 20?6
Nowadays, mining technologies for dimension stone are very diverse, one of which is cutting by diamond cutting wire.
One of the problems for this method is the consumption of diamond beads on cutting wire and cutting efficency of Ihe viire.
Therefore, the paper optimizes the number of diamond beads per length unit of Ihe wire and selects block areas in order to the highest cutting efRciency.
PHUONG PHAP PHAN TUr.
(Tiep fteo ftang 32;
3. Nguyen, A T . et al.. 2015. Grouping discon6nuilles in represenlalive sets: influence on ttie stability analysis of stope cute. Bulletin of En^neeiing Geokjgy and ttie Environment doi:10.1007/s10064- 01S0822-X.
4. Nguyen, AT., Memen-Soukateholf V S Mnches, M., 2014. Grouping dlsconlinuilies of fractured rock mass into main sets: consequences on ttie stability analysis of open pit benches. In D 2014 ed. DFNE 2014. Vancouver, Canato, pp. 1.«
5. Ranee, A & Vmches, M., 2008. AppfcaSon of geostatisllcal diaractensScs of rock mass fracture gistems n 3D model generattan. IntemattonalJoumal of Rock Mechanics and Mhiig Sdences. 4S(4X pp.64t652
6. Stead. D.. Ebeihaia, E. & Coggan. J.S, 2006 D»«opmenls in ttie characterizatton of complex rock skjpe defamafon and bftre using numerical modelihg techniques. Engiieering Geotogy, 83(1-3). pp.217-235
Ngudri bien tap: Ho ST Giao
Tip khda: dc dut giy. da nil ne, bd mo, phuong phip tuong tic dmg, phan tich on dinh
Ngay nhan bai: 05 thing 11 nSm 201S Ngay duyet dang bdi: OS thing 7nSm 2016
ie ttie modeling of the contact I ics as a Non-Smooth dis
method (NSCD). The theoretical basis of a new approach which makes il possible to consider a better surface contact with friction between polyhedric discrete elements analysis simultaneously is studied in this paper. The results of ttie application of the
present the stability condittons of jointed rock slopes: slope cuts, tunnel in the mining engineering.
CSNG
