Van hoa tin nguong Viet Nam
trong van xuoi duong dai thoi ky Doi moi
Vu Thi My Hanh'"'
Tdm tit: Vdn hgc Id tdm girang phdn chiiu vdn hda ddn tgc. Gid tri dich thuc cita vdn hgc Id d ehd nd phdn dnh tdt cd cdc vdn di vdn hda, xd hdi. vdn minh. tiin dd cua ddn tgc, phdn dnh tinh thdn ciia thai dgi. Nhiiu thi h4 nhd vdn, nhd tho d Viet Nam di suot chieu ddi lich sir cua ddt nude cUng da khdng ngimg khai thdc nhimg gid trj vdn hda ddn tgc trong sdng tdc cua minh. Vdn xudi thdi ky Ddi mdi tudng chimg bi cudn theo thdi dgi cda cdng nghe thdng tin, song trong sdng tdc cua nhung nhd vdn. ngay cd thi he cdc nhd vdn tre vdn dam dgc nhirng sdc thdi vdn hda ddn tgc nhu: tin ngirdng, phong tuc, dgo Mdu... Bdi viit ban vi vdn hda tin nguong d Viet Nam qua cdc tdc phdm vdn xuoi duong dgi thdi ky Ddi mdi
Tir khoa: Nghien ciiu vSn hgc, Nghien eiiu van hda, Van xudi duong dai,Van hda tin nguong. Van hda dan gian
Abstract: Literature has proved its true value as a mirror that reflects all cultural and social mailers as well as destiny and perspectives of the nation, the spirit of the times.
Many generations of Vietnamese writers and poets all through history have constantly exploited the national cultural values in their works. While prose in the Doimoi (Reform) period is likely influenced by the era of information technology, it has, nevertheless, been imbued with the beliefs, customs. Mother Goddess worship among many national cultural values as found in the works of writers, even the young generation The paper discusses religious belief in Vietnam reflected in works of contemporary prose in post-Doimoi Keyword: Literary Research, Cultural Research, Conteraporary Prose, Religious Belief, Folk Culttire
nhiing hmh thiic lin nguong mang net dac Viel Nam la mgt quoc gia da tdn giao, sic rieng gin lien vdi ddi sdng kinh le va tin nguong va dai da sd ngudi dan cd tmyen tam linh cua minh. Tir sau nhiing nam doi tiidng sinh boat tin nguong tii lau ddi. Cae mdi. Dang va Nha nude da danh gia eao vai dan tgc ttong cdng dong Viet Nam diu cd ttd cua tin nguong, tdn giao trong ddi sdng xa hgi. Nghi quyit Hgi nghi Tmng uong V, Ban chip hanh Tmng uong Dang khda VIII r ^^: " ' r ' ^ r V •?>a™ ' " " ' "''• ""*" " " khJ"S d!-*^ "T™ '^""g ni do tin nguOng va lam Khoa hoc xahoi Viet Nam; " ; • j - L • * . , Email: hanhvun76@gmail com khong tin ngudng cua dan. bao dam cho cae
Van hda hn nguong..
tdn giao boat dgng tten co sd binh ihudrng, tten CO sd tdn trgng phap luat, nghiem cim xam pham ty do, lin nguong va khdng tin ngudng. Thye hien nhat quan chinh sach dai doan ket dan tge" (Dang Cgng san Viet Nam. 1998).
Cd nhieu quan niem ve tin ngudng.
Theo Doan Van Chuc (1997), tin ngudng la mgt cai ndi cho cac bieu thi bieu higng tinh hinh thanh, la cai ndi cho nhiing hinh thiic dien dat dien hinh ma ngay nay ngudi ta ggi la cae loai hinh van hda hoac cac phuong lien van hda. Tran Nggc Them (1997) cho rang, tin ngudng la niem tin cua con ngucri vao nhiing dieu, nhiing su vat, nhiing nhan vat nao dd. Niem tin nay khdng the ly giai bang logic thdng thucmg vi nd ddi lap vdi lu duy khoa hgc.
Cac nha nghien ciiu nhu Phan Ke Binh, Nhat Thanh, Toan Anh, Tan Viel... tiep can tin ngudng tu gde do vdn hda dan gian, xem tin ngudng la tin nguong dan gian vdi cac nghi le the hien qua cac le hgi, phong tuc, t^p quan, truyen thdng cua dan tdc Viet Nam. Dang Nghiem Van (1998) eho rang, tin ngudng la yeu Id chinh cua tdn giao, quy dinh siic manh cua tdn giao do vdi cgng ddng. Nguyen Chi Ben (2000) tir gde dg van hda nhan dinh tin nguong la radt bg p h ^ cau thanh cua van boa dugc the hien thdng qua nghi le thd ciing, la long ngudng mg thanh kinh ddi vdi nhiing the luc cd anh hudng ttong quan he vdi con ngucri.
Dii quan niem nhu the nao chang nira, till moi loai tin nguong deu la su phan anh cac mdi quan he vdn co cua mgt kieu xa hgi, dieu kien tdn lai cac tgc ngudi, cac ddng cap, giai cap, cac nen van hda khac nhau. Cac hinh thirc tin nguong mang dac thii theo timg khdng gian van boa, chu tiie
\ an hda cimg nhu tiidi gian van boa khac nhau nhung van la bilu hien nilm tin vao
cai thieng, su ngudng md va siing bai cua con ngudi. Do vay, tin ngudng la mgt hien tugng van hda mang tinh lich sii, mgt pham tru lich sir. Van hda tin ngudng se dugc tiip can tir nhirng gia tti van hda vat thi, van hda phi vat the thdng qua cac co sd thd tu, nghi thiic tiid ciing. cac giai thoai dan gian, dia danh va le hdi cd lien quan din cac hinh thai tin ngudng cua ngudi Viet (Xem:
Nguyen Van Bdn, 2010).
Trong van hgc Viet Nam thdi ky Ddi mdi, cac hinh thai lin ngudng dan gian mang ban sdc van hda dan tgc dugc phan anh kha dam dac. Cac tac phim van hgc Ddi mdi, dac biet la van xudi, da khai thac cac khia canh van hda Viet nhu la mgt sire manh lam nen thanh cdng ttong sang tac cua cac tac gia. Tam hon, tinh each, Ijch sir, van hda Viet Nam dugc the hien het siic rd net qua van hgc. Nhieu tac phim van xudi duong dai mang dam ban sac van hda Viet Nam lien quan den cac hinh thai tin nguong.
2. Tin ngudng da than va khdng jgian van hda Viet
Ciing nhu nhieu dan tge tten the gidi, tin ngudng so khai cua ngudi Viet la tin nguong da than. Mgi hien tugng ly nhien deu cd than chu ta, "van vat hiiu linh, dat cd tho edng, sdng cd ha ba" (Xem: Ma Giang Lan, 1998). Tin ngudng dd dugc dat trong mot khdng gian vdn hda dac trung cua Viet Nam, dd la nhiing ngdi lang, cay da, ben nude, dong sdng, canh ddng...
Trong van xudi duong dai, chiing ta van bit gap nhiing hinh anh ngdi lang qua cac tac pham nhu: lang Gieng Chiia {Manh ddt Idm ngudi nhieu ma ciia Nguyen Khic Truong), lang Cd Dinh {Mdu thugng ngdn cua Nguyin Xuan Khanh), lang Ddng {Bin khdng chdng cua Duong Hudng), xdm Nhai {Nhimg bdi hgc nong thon cua Nguyen Huy Thiep), Ban Hua Tat {Nhirng
Thing tin Khoa hpc xt hoi sO 7-2020 ngon gid Hua Tdt cua Nguyen Huy Thiep),
xdm nhd {Hiu hiu gid bdc cua Nguyen Nggc Tu). lang Lac Quin {Tdi vd gd eua Y Ban)... Lang xdm la cai ndi cho sinh boat van hda tm\en thdng lau ddi. du d dong bang (lang Ddng. lang Gieng Chiia). tmng du (lang Cd Dinh) hay miln nui (ban Hua Tat), thi moi lang que ay deu cd mgt ngdi dinh. Dinh lang d Viet Nam la mgt san pham ddc dao va duge dat d vi tri trung tam cua lang; vira la cdng dudng. vira la noi sinh boat van hda. Day eung chinh la noi hdi lu ciia edng ddng lang xa, la mgt thiet ehe van hda ed tmyen cua ngudi Viet thdng qua eac hinh thiic tin nguong, le hgi day mau sic mang dam tinh nhan van sau sic, qua dd duy tti thuan phong my tuc.
Theo Tran Nggc Them (1997), dinh lang la mot tmng tam van hda. Cdc hdi he trong lang va mgi cugc an uong chung eiia cgng ddng deu dugc Id chirc tai day (do \ a y ma cd tir dinh dam). San dinh d nhieu ngdi lang cung la noi de dien cheo, tudng. Ben canh dd, dinh cdn la radt tmng tara ve mat tdn giao: the dat, hudng dinh dugc xem la quyet dinh van raenh cua ca lang, dinh la ncri thd thanh hoang - vi than bao ttg cho dan lang.
Trong Mdu thugng ngdn, khi mieu ta dien mao ddi sdng tam linh, tin ngudng cua ngucri dan lang Cd Dinh, Nguyen Xuan Khanh (2006) da bet sire chu ttgng den dinh lang - niem kieu hanh ciia nhirng ngudi dan noi day. Trong Ben khdng chong, Duong Huong (1990) da chi ra nhieu eai nhat cua lang Ddng va radt trong nhiing cai nhal ay chinh la dinh lang. Ngdi Dinh vdi bac Ihera da xanh biec, nhan bdng cung cdt dinh dd so la bieu hien siie manh cua lang. Ngudi lang Ddng, lang Cd Dinh, lang Gilng Chiia.,. deu tu bao ve lang minh:
"Ching to ciing ggi Dinh Ddng. Cd cau Da
Bac bae qua sdng Dinh. Chang oi co nhd din minh. Nhd eiu Da B^c nhd dinh lang Ddng" (Duong Hudng, 1990: 120). Co tiie ndi. day la tam ly pho biin cua ngudi dan d cac lang que Viet Nam. Tam ly ay vua phan anh nilm tin vao sire manh cd kel cgng ddng lang xa, \ija thi hien niem tu bao cua moi ngudi dan doi vdi manh dit chdn nhau cat rdn ciia minh.
Ben canh dd. khdng gian van hda ttong cac tac phim vdn xudi hien dai ciing thudng gin vdi hinh anh ddng sdng, eanh ddng. cay da, b i n nude, cd thi ke den: ddng sdng Dinh {Bin khdng chdng ciia Duong Hudng), sdng Son {Mdu thugng ngan cua Nguyen Xuan Khanh), sdng C i u {Manh ddt idm ngudi nhiiu ma cua Nguyen Khac Trudng), sdng Cai {Con gdi thiiy thdn cua Nguyen Huy Thiep) hay nhirng ddng sdng, canh ddng menh mang, ngul ngat {Cdnh ddng bdt tan cua Nguyen Nggc Tu),... Voi ngucri Viet, tir bao ddi, sdng ludn gan giii va than thucmg, song gan vdi nhiing ky niem ve que huong, eha me. Cac nha van hien dai da mieu la ve cac ddng sdng diing nhu nhan dinh cua Tran Qudc Vugng (2003):
Tinh sdng nude la mgt dac tmng ciia vSn hda Viet Nam. Trong van xudi duong dai, moi khue sdng, md dat, eanh ddng, gde cay... d i u cd lai lich, huyen tich, sau hon niia la lich sir va van hda dan tdc.
Nhung hinh anh ngdi lang, ddng sdng,... chi dugc khac hga phan nao trong cac tac pham van xudi duong dai, song ciing mang lai cho ngudi dgc nhiing trai nghiera ve ddi sdng tam linh, tin nguong da dang, mang ban sic rieng ciia ngucri dan Viet Nam.
3. Tin ngu-ung thtrcung to tien 6 Viet Nam, tin ngudng thd ciing to tien la lin ngudng co ban va phd biin. Do la quan niem ve sy tdn tai ciia linh bdn va
van hoa Hn nguong...
moi lien he huylt thong giiia nguoi chit va ngudi sdng bang dudng bdn. Qua con dudng a\. ngudi da khual ve chiing kien, theo ddi hanh vi cua con chau, ngudi than, qud trach hoac phii hd cho hg. Trong tin ngudng nay, dao ly la ngi dung ndi ttdi.
Con ehau thd cung td tien de bay td long biet on "uong nude nhd ngudn" ddi vdi be tten. Ngucri Viet ludn chiu sy chi phdi ciia quan niem vira mong dugc nhan "phuc am ciia td lien", "sdng vi md vi ma, ai sdng vi ca bat com" (Xem: Ma Giang Lan, 1998).
Ngudi phuong Ddng quan niem "sinh ky, tii quy" (sdng d Iran gian chi la sdng lam, edn khi chet thi cai tinh anh cua con ngudi mdi den dugc cdi vTnh hang day hoan lac. Dd chinh la cugc song that). Vi v^y, ngudi phuong Dong eoi trgng ngay gio hon ngay sinh. Tin nguong thd eiing td lien ciia ngucri Viet raang ndi dung gian di va giau tinh thirc lien. Bdi the, nd de dang trd thanh nep sdng, phong tuc bam re sau vao tiem thiic cua moi ngudi. Tinh gian di va thyc tien dugc the hien qua cac tac pham van xudi hien dai, do la ldi khan vai khi te le trong Manh ddt lam ngudi nhieu ma:
xin duge cho che, phu ttg cho sy binh yen cua cugc sdng hang ngay; la tu the. thai do ttang nghiem ciia Lao Kien nhan dip gio vg: "Tat ca Idng thanh, xin chu vi phii hg do tti, cho siic khoe ddi dao, lam an tan tdi"; la each dng Vy, em ba Nhdn, diing nghiem, guc dau nhu mac niem; la Doai vdi ddi tay day moga. khdng rira, vai lia lia: "Lay me, me phii hg cho con di hgc nude ngoai, kiem eai xe cub" (Nguyen Khic Tmdng, 2008:
128). Ben canh dd, su chuan hi le vat day du cung dugc dien la ttong Khong cd vua:
con ga sdng to, md ngam mgt bdng hong, hgp miit, mgu rdt ra ba c6c, pha mgt am che... (Nguyen Huy Thi?p. 2006). Ldi khan ciia nhGng diia eon ttong Dudng vi trdn
tmdc nam rao nguoi me: ""Xin rae yen nghi noi chin sudi. Xin me tha thii cho nhiing loi lira..." (Vo Thi Hao. 2005:184). Trong jWifw thugrng ngdn, Nguyen Xuan Khanh (2006) ciing md ta ve Idi khan thanh khan tha thiit ciia ba Ba Vay tmdc vong linh Ba Ca. D I the hien Idng tdn kinh ddi vdi td lien, ddng hg Nguyen d lang Ddng ttong Bin khdng chdng da xa\- dyng nen ngdi tir dudng de lara noi thd phung cho con chau mudn ddi.
Khi nha tir dudng bi ddt chay, sau bay nam khdng tim ra thii pham. dng Khien da xin phep ca hg dyng lai ngdi tir dudng tren nen cii. Vdi NghTa, ngudi trudng nam ke ean, dng vira yeu thucmg vira nghiem khic day do mong cau trd thanh ngudi ke nghi?p vdi
"tuong lai sang rye len tir dat to (Duong Hudng, 1990). Cdn ddi vdi ddng hg Trinh lang Gieng Chua d Manh ddt lam ngirdi nhiiu ma, tren ban thd cua hg, dang sau cai lu ddng la biic tmyen than hga dng ba muoi tten tam vai del bang nhiing sgi gai dang d the chdm len. Nhiing rang lgi, mdng vudt vuon ra ttdng dang dang lam liel (Nguyen Khic Tmdng, 2006).
Hau nhu d bat ky radt lac pham van hgc nao ciing cd the tim thay nhiing chi tiet cd siic hilt ve tin ngudng thd eiing td tien cua ngudi Viet. Vdi nhiing udc mong binh dj va nilm tin ehat pbac, thd cung td lien dugc eoi la tin nguong phu hgp vdi mgi ngucri, cd kha nang tmyen ba va bao tdn dai lau ttong ddi sdng lam linh ctia ngudi dan Viet.
4. Tin nguong thd Mau
Tin ngudng thd Mau (hien nay cac nha nghien curu cdn ggi la dao Mau) la hinh thiic lin ngudng dan gian kha tieu bieu, mang dam da ban sac van hda Viet Nam, mgt hien tugng van hda tam linh dgc dao trong he thdng tin ngudng dan gian da t h i n cua nguoi Viet. Viec tdn thd nu thin da pho bien tir lau, tir tmyen thuyet
50 Thdng tin Khoa hpc xt hOi sfi 7 ii^^O me Au Co - ba me xir so sdm nhat cua
nguoi dan Viet - den lieh sir dyng nude va giir nude ciing ed nhiing \ i anh hung luu danh mudn thud nhu Hai Ba Trung, cimg
\ d i do chiing ta cung bat gap d khap noi tren dat nude Viet Nam nhiing den. dai.
mieu, phu, dinh, chua... thd cae nii than, gan lien vdi tin ngudng ndng nghiep va nguyen ly am duong la khuynh hudng d l cao nir tinh. Ngudi Viet cdn thd nii than Mat Trang, Mat Trdi. nir than Lira, than Lua. hay ba Nii Oa, ba chua Xir..., dac biet la Thanh Mau Lieu Hanh - vi nii than vira thieng lieng, \ira cao quy nhung lai rai giin gui ddi vdi con ngudi Viel Nam
Tran Nggc Them (1997) cho ring, mgt bd cai iy khdng bang mgi ti cai linh, Idi sdng tinh cam dan den thai do trgng diic, trgng van, Irgng phu nur. Cdn Tran Qudc Vugng (2003) khing dinh, tinh Mau an sau ttong lam tri va bieu hien thanh eac chuan myc irng xir. Theo Ngd Dire Thinh (2001),
\iec thd Mau luy cd ten ggi khac nhau d cac mien dat nude nhung cd edi ngudn tir luc thd eac nu than. Ngay nay, nd da ttd thanh Dao cua ngudi Viet, mgt dao mang ban sac Viet Nam ro ret nhat.
Nhiing bieu hien cua nguyen ly tinh Mau ttong tm>en thdng van hgc Viet Nara khdng phai d thai ky nao ciing gidng nhau.
Lich sii van hgc Viet da co nhiing ehi Ly, me Tom. me Sudt, Vd Thi Sau... kien ttinh, bat khuat ttong chien tranh. Van xudi Viet Nara hien dai van giii hinh anh cua ngudi phu nil vdi nhiing phara chat bao dung, nhan hau va diic by sinh. Hg van la tnmg tam ciia gia dinh, la chiec cau ndi vdn hda giiia cac the be.
Ngudi phu nir ttong \ a n hge Viet Nam, dii xua hay nay. deu la hinh anh eua cai dep. Ldng khoan dung, sy vi tha nhan nai, nhan hau... eua ngudi phu nii nhu la sy
ddi trgng vdi cai xau. cai ac. la lieu thuoc tinh than hi?u nghi?m ciia moi ngucri- Trong thi gidi nhan vat eua eac nha van hien dai nhu Ngu>en Huy Thicp- NguN":"
Xuan Khanh. Duong Hudng. Nguyen Khic Tmdng, Y Ban. Ngu> en Ngge Tu..., dudng nhu cac nhan vat nii diu dep. Ve dep sinh sic tuoi nhugn dugc dat trong sy van ddng khong ngung cua euge sdng. La nang Bua. nang Sinh. la chi Tham, eon gai Ihuy than, la Xuan Huong, be Thu. ngudi Ihilu phu eheo dd... trong tac pham cua Nguyen Huy Thiep. Tat ca nhiing nhan vat nay diu dep. moi ngudi mot ve. Trong Ndng Bua. nha van da khang djnh rang:
"Dep la mgt phim gia tinh thin eao quy cua phu nii. Dd la lim long bao dung va bao phdng vdi tit ca mgi ngudi" (Nguyen Huy Thiep, 2006). Ho khdng chi dep ma cdn la bieu tugng cua sy dura bgc, sinh soi, ciru giiip. N h u be Thu trong Tdm hon me, Tham trong Chay di sdng ai, Sinh trong Khong cd vua... - tat ca la su menh mdng, am ap, ehd che cua nhiing ngudi me bao triim len moi mai nha.
Trong Ben khdng chong^, Duong Hudng (1990) da ve nen nhung ngudi phu nii dep nhu huyen thoai. Dd la Ngan, cd gai dep nhat lang Ddng, la chi Nhan, Tham, Thiiy, Hanh..., hg dep tii trong cugc sdng ddi thudng din nhirng cau chuyen ke. Due by sinh, vi tha cua hg vira lam ngudi dgc lia nude rait thuong cam, vira day len sy eam phuc. Thien tinh Mau ttong lac pham la anh sang, la sy by vgng cho tat ca mgi ngudi. Vdi Nguyen Khic Tmdng (2006), thien tinh nii trong Manh ddt Idm ngudi nhieu ma cung bleu hien d mat hoa da phin, that day lung ong, mat la ram den nhanh...
' Tic ph^m du(?c nh5n Giai ihircmg H6i Uhk van Vi?tNamnam 1991.
van hoa Hn ngudng..
eua ba Son. cd Dao. Giiia cdng dong niia ngudi nira ma ciia xdm Gieng Chiia, vdi eac nhan vat Phiic, Ham, Thu, \fang, Ngac, Cao..., ba Son hien len nhu dien hinh ciia mgt ngudi vg, ngudi me, ngucri phu nii Viet Nam bao dung, nhan hau. Ba mang den mgt siic sdng manh liel, mgt ngudn anh sang luoi mdi cho tac pham.
Nhiing nhan vat nii dugc khdc hga, ca nggi nhieu nhat, "dam d5c" nhat la ttong Mdu thugng ngdn^ cua Nguyen Xuan Khanh. Ludng vdn hda xuyen sudt trong tac pham la dao Mau. Ci dd, tat ca nhiing ngucri dan ba deu dep va manh liet siic sdng, tran tte tinh yeu thuong, bao dung, nhan hau, tir ba Td Cd bi an, ba Ba Vay da tinh, den cd Ddng Miii, cd Md Hoa khon khd, cd trinh nii Nhu tinh khiet... Ca ba Da cua dng Dimg huyen thoai cdng tran tre sinh lyc, phon thuc, rat con ngudi, rat dan ba...
Trong tac pham nay, Nguyen Xuan Khanh da dimg ngdi but de pbac hga rd net nen van hda Viet.
Trong vdn xudi hien dai Viet Nam, cac nha van nii da the hien nguyen ly tinh Mau trong van hda Viet theo each rieng cua minh. Cac yeu td sinh, dudng, due, lac dugc the hien bang tieng ndi cua trai tim, bdi "ngudi phu nii diing con tim cua minh de suy tu". Vdi Y Ban, khi viet ve de tai phu nii, nha van nhu "dang ve chan dimg ddng gidi minh". Tae gia hda than vao hg, the hien tam bdn, guong mat hg bang cai nhin chan that nhat. / am ddn bd la tmyen ngdn mang den cho Y Ban nhiing loi khen - che ddi lap, va cflng da tdn khdng it giay myc cua cac nha nghien ciiu. Ngudi phu nfl- ttong tac phara la radt ngudi ngheo khd vdi mgt dan con, nhung cai ngheo, cai ddi
khdng lam mat di ttong ngudi dan ba dd long bao dung, nhan hau, vi tha. Khi nhin thay diia tre mdi sinh hi bd trong rimg thi
"sau sy so hai la su dau don ehat cung pha ra tir ban nang lam me cua thi" (Y Ban, 2006: 5). CJ ngudi phu nir khdng bill chii, chua bao gid ra khdi liiy tre lang iy, thien tinh Mau dudng nhu menh mdng khdng bao gid vcri can. Nd bao trum len nhiing diia con, len thang be hi bd roi, len ca ngudi dim dng tan tat ma chi cham sdc.
Chi khdc va thay "tim dau ran rat" khi hi td cao ve ldi "quay rdi tinh dye". Ldi bao chiia "/ am ddn bd" cd le eung dugc cam thdng va tha thii.
Vcri the gidi nhan vat cua Vd Thi Hao, ngudi dgc bat gap d dd nhiing ngudi phu nii san long bao dung, do lugng trong Dudng ve Iran, Chudng vgng cudi chieu.
Nam 2006, van dan Viet Nam da ndng len bdi tac pham Cdnh ddng bdt tgn^ ciia nha van tie vimg dat Nam bg Nguyen Nggc Tu, day dugc eoi la mgt hien ttrgng cua van hgc tre nude nha. Nhirng trang viet cua nha van mang nhieu ndi ruem ciia ngudi dan ba Nam bd, ve nguoi dan que minh chiu thuong chiu khd, yeu say dam ndng nan, va diic hy sinh cao ca. Dd la su by sinh am thira, la tinh yeu ndng nan chay bdng eiia ngudi dan ba ttong Ddng nhd, Nhd cd; long bao dung nhan hau, hy sinh ttong Duyin phdn so le: Xuyen da hy sinh hanh phiic, hy sinh cugc ddi minh de cho con dugc yen im. "Nghe budn anh cong budn em di le the tiong da... cdn cao, odn oai, la Icri gid"
(Nguyen Nggc Tu, 2005: 34).
Cd thi thiy, hinh tugng ngudi phu nii dugc vdn xudi Viet Nam sau Ddi mdi khic hga dudi cai nhin da chieu cua cugc sdng.
' Cuon ti£u thuyet da nhan Giai thircmg Hoi Nha van = Tap tmyen doat Giai thucmg Hoi Nha van Viet Viet Nam nam 2006. Nam nSm 2006 danh cho tac pham xu^t sdc.
52 ThOng Hn Khoa hoc xt h^l. 56 7 toiO Hg la nhung ngudi phu nii dep. raang dam
tam bdn, cdt each \ ' i e t ngu> en iy tinh Mau Viet Nam.
Thay ldi ket
Nhu vay. viec dua nhiing sic thai van hda dan gian vao cac tac phim van xudi hi?n dai da dem den mgt eai nhin mdi me.
mgt hudng di mdi cho van hgc Viet Nam.
Quan ttgng hon, ehinh nhirng tac phim van hge dd la noi luu giii, bao ton tinh da dang va phong phu ciia van hda Viet Nam
Cac lae pham van xudi hien dai da khai thac va su dung nhOng gia tti \ a n hda dan tgc nhu mgt siic manh lam nen chieu sau va siic sdng trudng tdn. Nhiing hinh thai van hda mang ban sic tmyen thdng nhu le hgi. tin ngudng, phong tuc lap quan...
duge luu giii. tmyen tyng bing nhieu hinh thuc khae nhau, trong cac hinh thiic dd ed van hgc •
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Tran Thi An (2007), "Siic am anh cua tin ngudng dan gian trong Mau thugng ngan". Tap chi Vdn hgc, sd 6.
2. Y Ban (2006), / am ddn ba (Tap truyin ngdn). Nxb. Phu nii. Ha Ngi.
3. Nguyen Chi B i n (2000), Vdn hda ddn gian Viet Nam: Nhung suy ngdm. Nxb.
Van hda dan tgc. Ha Ndi.
4. Nguyen Van Bdn (2010), Vdn hda tin ngudng, http://\vww.vanhoahoe.vn/
n g h i e n - c u u / v a n - h o a - v i e t - n a m / v a n - hoa-to-chuc-doi-song-ca-nhan/1671- nguyen-van-bon-van-hoa-tin-nguong.
httnl. tiny cap ngay 10/6/2020.
5 Doan Vdn Chuc (1997), Vdn hoa hgc, Nxb. Van hda. Ha Ngi.
6. Nguyen Dang Duy (2001), Cdc hinh thdi tin ngirdng tdn gido d Viet Nam, Nxb. Van hda Thdng tin. Ha Ngi.
7. Dang Cdng san Viet Nara (1998). Vdn
kien Hdi nghi idn thir I' Ban Chdp hdnh Trung trang khda Vlll Nxb Chinh tti qude gia. Ha Ndi,
8. Nguyen Xuan Khanh (2006). \/''"
thuang ngdn (Tiiu thuyitl. Nxb. Phu nQ, Ha Ngi.
9. Vd Thj Hao (2005). Gda phu den (Tap truyen ngdn), Nxb. Phu nii. Ha Ndi 10. Duong Hudng (1990). Ben khdng
chdng (Tiiu thuyit), Nxb. Hdi Nha van.
Ha Ngi.
11. Ma Giang Lan (myln chgn, 1998), Thdnh ngir. titc ngir Viet Nam, Nxb.
Giao due. Ha Ngi.
12. Trin Dinh Sir (1998), "Vai ttd sang tao van hda cua van hgc". Tap chi Vdn hgc, sd 6.
13. Ngd Dire Thjnb (2001), Tin ngudng vd vdn hod tin ngudng d Viet Nam, Nxb.
Khoa hgc xa hdi. Ha Ngi.
H.Nguyen Nggc T u (2005), Cdnh dong bdt tan (Tap truyen ngdn), Nxb. Tre, Ha Ngi.
15. Tran Nggc Them (1997), Tim ve bdn sdc vdn hda Viet Nam, Nxb. Tp. Hd Chi Minh, Tp. Hd Chi Minh.
16. Nguyen Huy Thiep (2006), Truyen ngdn Nguyin Huy Thiep, Nxb Van hda Sai Gdn, Tp. Hd Chi Minh.
17. V6 Quang Trgng (1997), Vai trd cita vdn hgc ddn gian trong vdn xudi hiin dgi Viet Nam, Nxb. Khoa hge xa hgi.
Ha Ngi.
18. Nguyen Khic Tmdng (2008), Mdnh ddt idm ngudi nhieu ma (Tieu thuyit), Nxb. Hdi Nha van. Ha Ngi.
19. Dang Nghiem Van (1998), Vi fm ngudng tdn gido Viet Nam hien nay, Nxb. Khoa hgc xa hdi. Ha Ngi.
20. Trin Qudc Vugng (2003), Vdn hda Viet Nam: Tim tdi vd suy ngdm, Nxb. Van hge. Ha Ndi.
