gtonovAHUMiunBiiifnuo so DAC BIET/2018
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P H A P F M SDANH GIA THlfC TRANG DONG
T A C T H E O CHITCNANG CUA NAM VAN DONG i/IEN DONG RAN THE TAI TRUNG T A M DAO TAO VAN DONG VIEN
TRI/ifNG DAI HOC THE DUG THE THAO RAC NINH
Dinh Quang Ngoc*
W Tom tat: j^^paiEff™i"T-fc.
'^ Dh tai thong qua nghien ciiu tinh nang, tac dung cua bd dung eg kiem tra va n^i dung kiem tra bang phupng phap FMS (Functional Movement Screen), tien hanh xay dyng quy trinh dng dung phu'ong phap FMS trong danh gia ddng t^c theo chiic nang cho van dpng vien (VDV) Bdng ban.
Trfin CO sd do t6 chiic kiem tra, danh gia thyc trang dpng tac theo chiic nang cua nam VDV Bdng bSn tre tgi Trung tSm Dao tgo VDV, Tru'dng Dai hpc The due the thao (TDTT) B^c Ninh.
TIP khoa: FMS, Phuong phap FMS, Dpng tac theo chiic nang, Functional Movement Screen, nam VOV Bdng bdn, Tmng tam Dao tgo VOV, Trudng Oai hpc TDTT B§c Nmh.
Applying the FMS method to assess the current status of functional movement of young table tennis male athletes at Bac Ninh Sport University (UPE51)
Summary:
Topics through functional research, the effects of test toolkits and the examination content by FMS method (Functional Movement Screen) methods, start developing a FMS application process in movement assessment based on functions for table tennis athletes. On that basis, we organized the examination and assessment of the status of young male athletes at the Students Training Center, Bac Ninh University of Physical Training and Sports.
Keywords: FMS, FMS Method, Functional Movement, Functional Movement Screen, Male Table ' iliilIMP^
i_Tennis, Training Center for athletes, Bac Ninh Sport University.
BAT VAN BE
Khoa hpc ky thuat ngay cang phat trien tao dieu kien cho sir ra ddi ciia cac phuang phap huan luyen va quan diem huan luyen mdi. Trong dd, siic manh mang tinh chiic nang dupe coi trpng va duoc ehuyen hi npi dung eua phan hdi phuc thi thao sang phan npi dung huan luyen the thao thanh tich cao. Tren co sd do hinh thanh len mpt he thdng quan diem huan luypn va phuang phap huan luyen mdi. Quan diem huan Iuyen mdi nay cho rang "The thao chinh la dpng tac", dpng tac la nen tang cho su van dpng eua ea thi, ddng thoi chii trpng tdi viec he thong hda cac chiic nang eua co the.
Tren thuc tl, mdi ky thuat the thao deu la mpt chudi cac dpng tac lien hoan va qua trinh din
truyen siic manh se cang lam tang hieu qua va tinh kinh te cua siic manh tdng hpp, day dupe gpi la nguyen tac luc lien ket trong huan luyen siic manh. Do vay, neu qua trinh thuc hien dpng tae ed xuat hien cac lien ket yeu (dpng tac thua, dpng tac khdng can doi, khong on dinh) se khdng nhiing gay lang phi siic manh cua VDV, anh hudng tdi hieu suat tdi da eua dpng tae ma con la nguyen nhan dan tdi cac chan thuong the thao. Dieu nay cho thay, trong qua trinh huan luyen can thiet phai cd cac bien phap kiem tra, chuan doan khoa hpe de tim ra eac lien ket yeu.
FMS (Functional Movement Screen) la phuang phap kiem tra cho phep danh gia dupe chat lupng dpng tac theo chiic nang, nd eho phep xac dinh duoc cac lien ket yeu de tu do cd
*PGS.TS, Tru'dng Dgi hpc TDTT Bac Ninh; Email: [email protected]
BAI BAO KHOA HDC
bien phap khic phuc nang cao hieu qua thuc hien dpng tac. Chinh vi vay, viec ling dung phuang phap FMS danh gia thue trang dpng tac theo ehiic nang cua nam VBV Bdng ban tre tai Trung tam Dao tao VDV, Trudng Dai hpc TDTT B3c Ninh, lam co sd dl dl xuat bien phap tap luyen nh4m cai thien dpng tac theo ehiic nang eho VDV la cong viec quan trpng va cd y nghia thuc tien.
PHlTtfNG PHAP NGHIEN CUfU
Cac phuang phap sir dung trong qua trinh nghien ciiu gdm: Phuang phap phan tich va tong hop tai lieu; Phuang phap phong van.
KET QUA NGHIEN ClfU VA BAN LUAN 1. Nghien cu'u tinh nang tac dung cua bo dung CM kiem tra va cac noi dung kilm tra bang Phu'O'ng phap FMS
1.1. Xdc dinh tinh nang, tdc dung cua bo dqng eq kiem tra bdng phucmg phdp FMS
De thye hien nhiem vu nay, de tai da tiSn hanh nghien euu eac tai lieu chuyen mdn, tham khao y kien cac ehuyen gia nude ngoai va true tiep nghien ciiu bd dung eu kilm tra FMS, tu dd xac dinh dupe tinh nang, tae dung ciia tiing bd phan ciia bp dung cti kiem tra FMS. Kit qua cho thay, bp dung cu ndy gom co 4 bp phan ehinh.
(1), Van hinh hop chii nhat: Dupe 1 ^ tii kim loai, go hoae nhya cirng ed thi chiu dupe trpng tai Idn. Kich thudc ciia tkm van: Dai 153cm, rpng 13cm va day 5em. Hai dau van go ed due 02 Id d canh ben de khdp ndi vdi 02 thudc do hinh tru trdn. Tren mat cua tim van cd thilt kl thudc do, dupe danh sd tii 0 din 110cm.
Ngoai ra, tren mat d dku tkm van cd due mot
Hinh 1. Bo dung cu do FMS
Id trdn, dudng kinh 3em, sau 2cm dl khdp n6i vdi bp phan ehan d6.
Tac dung cua tim van: De lam thudc do, hue diing va buc ke trong cae npi dung kilm tra khae nhau.
(2), Thudc do hinh tru trdn. Gdm:
- Bp 02 thudc do ngin hinh tru trdn co kich thudc bing nhau, dudng kinh 3cm, dai 60cni (trong do cd 55cm dupe ke thudc do, con OScm de trong lam khdp ndi). Tren thudc c6 ghi s6 do tu 14 - 68cm. Dupe khdp ndi vdi van hinh hop chu nhat de tao thanh bd thudc do co chiiu cao 68em.
Tac dung: La thudc do xac dinh chieu cao phu hop de tao ra mpt rao chin trong kilm tra dpng tac sd 2 (Budc rao).
- 01 thuoc do d^i hinh tru trdn co chilu dai 122cm. Tren thudc cd thiet ke thudc do tii 0 - 122cm.
Tac dung: Cd 2 tac dung: (1) Su dung lam thudc do dp linh hoat khdp vai d dpng tac so 4;
(2) Lam thanh gay de nam giii trong kiem tra dpng tac 1 (Ngoi thap) va giii lung thang trong dpng tac sd 3 (Budc quy theo dudng thang).
(3), Day cao su: 01 day cao su cd dp dan hoi tot, c6 dp dai khi keo dan khoang 80cm.
Tac dung: Ket ndi vdi 2 thudc do ngan hinh tru tron de tao thanh 01 rao chin trong kiem tra dpng tac budc rao. Vi tri ket not ciia day cao su vdi 2 thudc do hinh try trdn tiiy thupc vao chieu cao va dp dai chan cua ngudi dupe kiem tra.
(4), Chan dl: Chan dl hinh tru tron, dai 5.5cm, trong do mpt dau cd dudng kuih 3.5cm va dai 3.5cm, dau cdn lai la phan khdp noi v6i tam van hinh hop ehii nhat, cd dudng kinh 3cm va dai 2cm.
Tac dung: Giii dn dinh cho tim van hinh hOp chir nhat khi dimg thing d^ong thuc hien dong tac so 2 (budc rao).
1.2. Nghien cim cdc dgng tdc theo chvrc ndng trong phuong phdp FMS
De tai tren ca so nghien ciiu tai Ueu chuyen mon, sach hudng dan tu dd xae dinh dugc 07 dpng tac theo chiic nang trong phuong phip FMS. Cu thi:
(1), Ngoi thap
- Bit diu d tu thi diing thing, 2 ehan md rgng bang vai, mui chan huong thing vl phia truoc.
BATTAOVAHUMILmnETItAO S 0 B A C B | £ T / 2 0 1 8
- Hai tay nam gay tren dau, cing tay va canh ay tao thanh 1 gdc 900, canh tay va gay song
;ong vdi mat phing dit.
- Hai tay nim g^y duoi thing len tren diu.
- Than ngudi thing, giii 6n dinh got chan va jay, CO gang ngoi sau.
- Tdi vi tri thip nhat, duy hn trong 1 lin dim, sau do diing d|y vl vi tri ban diu.
De danh gia dilm dpng tac. Ngudi tap thuc hi$n 3 lan toan bp dpng tac. Nlu ngudi tap khong the dat dupe dilm 3, cd the sii dung mot tim van kiem tra 2x6 (5xm) dat d phia dudi got chan, sau dd thue hien kilm tra lai.
(2), Budc rao:
- Bat dau d tu the diing thang, chum 2 chan, ngdn chan d phia dudi thanh rao.
- Hai tay cam gay djt tren vai, sau gay va giu song song vdi mat dat.
- Dieu chinh thanh ngang cua rao sao cho cao ngang bang vdi dau to xuong dng cing can (ngay dudi dau goi).
- Ngudi bi kiem tra giu than ngudi thing diing, thirc hien tu tu nhac chan phai len cao vupt qua thanh rao, ddng thdi chan cdn lai got chan cham dat va giu thang dung sao cho got chSn, dau goi va hdng nim tren 1 dudng thang.
Trpng tam ddn vao chan chdng va giu dn dinh.
- Tu tii ha chan phai xuong ve vi tri ban dau.
- Tiep den ddi chan va thuc hien toan bp dpng tac.
De danh gia diem ddng tae, neu can thiet co the cho ngudi tap thue hien 2 den 3 lan toan bp dgng tac.
(3), Budc quy theo dudng thang (Buoc dang ban cung):
- Dat gay go d sau lung sao cho ludn dam bao gly tiep xiic vdi 3 diem: Dau, vai va mong.
- Tay phai nam gay d phia sau gay, tay trai nam vao cudi g^y a sau lung dudi phan eo.
- Ban chan phai dat tren tam van hinh hop chirnhjit.
- Tu miii ban ehan phai do mot doan thang dai bang doan xucmg ong cang ehan ve phia sau va danh diu. Sau do dat got chan trai vao vi tri danh diu.
- Hai mui ban ehan hudng ve phia trude.
- Giii cho than ngudi thang, ludn dam bao .thanh gay go tilp xiic vdi dau, vai va mong, va
thuc hien ngdi thap xuong, gdi ehan trai eham vao phia sau got chan phai.
- Sau dd diing day ve vi tri ban dau.
Cd the thuc hien 3 lan.
(4), Linh hoat khdp vai:
- Ngudi thue hien d tu the diing thang, 1 tay vdng ra sau d phia dudi nam thudc do, mu ban tay cham vao lung d vi tri dpc theo cot sdng.
- Tay edn lai vdng ra sau d phia tren nam vao thiic do, long ban tay cham vao phan lung. Sau khi nam vao thudc do, cd gang thue hien tnrpt dpc theo thudc sao cho 2 ban tay tien lai gan nhau het miic c6 the.
- Do khoang each giua 2 ban tay (chii y ngudi kiem tra trp giiip giii cho thudc thing)
- Doi vi tri tren dudi cua 2 tay va thue hien lai toan bp dpng tac.
(5), Nam ngira thang chan ehu ddng nang cao dui:
- Ngudi dupe kiem tra nam ngua, dudi gdi dat mpt van gd 2*6, gap mui ban chan.
- Hai tay dat 2 ben, long ban tay ngua, dau nam thang tren mat dat.
- Nang chan phai len eao het miie cd the, giii cho goi thang, miii ban chan gap. Dong thdi luon giii cho chan trai thang va ti6p xuc vdi tim van, than ngudi nam thang. Tiep den dung gay go dat vuong gdc vdi mat dat va tiep xuc vdi mat ea chan va danh dau diem tiep dat cua dau gay.
- Ddi ehan thuc hien toan bp dpng tac nhu tren.
(6), Nam sap chong diy giir on dinh than ngudi:
- Ngudi dupe kiem tra nam sap, 2 miii chan cham dat, 2 tay dat rpng bang vai.
- Hai ngdn tay cai dat sao cho thang gdc vdi dmh dau, giii cho 2 goi thang. Ddi vdi nir, 2 tay cd the dat lui ve sau, sao cho hai ngdn eai ngang vdi cam.
- Phan that lung giii d tu the thang tu nhien - Ngudi tap thuc hien chdng tay nang ngudi len eao. Trong qua trinh hoan thanh toan bp dpng tac can giii cho phan eo on djnh, than ngudi giii d tu the thang tu nhien.
- Doi vdi nam, neu khdng the thuc hien chdng tay tu vi tri ban dau, ed the dieu chinh tay dieh ra sau sao cho hai ngdn cai ngang vdi cam, sau do thue hien lai toan bp dpng tac. Ddi vdi nil, neu khong thuc hien dupe ed thi dich tay ra sau, sao cho hai ngdn cai ngang vdi phan gay,
BAI BAD KHOA HOC
sau do thuc hien lai toan bo dong tac.
(7), On dinh xoay than;
- Ngucri thuc hien a tu thS vai va than nguoi thing, khop hong va g6i giu 6 goc 900, than nguoi va dui vuong goc voi nhau, gap co chan.
Phin thit lung giii a tu th6 thing tu nhien.
- Dat mpt van g6 2*6 a giiia 2 tay va 2 goi sao cho g6i, 2 ngon tay cai va chan tiep xiic vdi van go.
- Ban tay thang goc voi khdp vai, goi thang goc voi khop hong.
- Cling liic thuc hien nang vai len tren va ra
sau, dong thai nang hong va dau goi ciia chan ciing ben len, sao cho ciii tro va dau g6i cham nhau. Yeu cau giii cho tay va dau goi luon thing goc voi canh ngoai cua tam van. Th&i nguoi giir thing song song voi tim van. Trong toan bg qua trinh thuc hien dong tac, giii thit lung 6 tu thj thing tu nhien.
- Ngucri dugc kiem tra co the thuc hi§n 3 Ik.
Bk tinh diSm dong tac: Cho ngucri t|lp thuc hien d6i tay chan. Neu can thiet, co thi cho nguoi dugc kiim tra thuc hifn chan np tay kia (tay phai, chan trai hoac tay trai chan phai).
Hinh 2. Bay dong tac ki4m tra theo 2. Xay dM'ng quy trinh li'ng dung Phu'O'ng phap FMS trong danh gia dpng tdc theo chu'c nang cho nam VOV Bong ban tre tai Trung tam dao tao VDV, Tryong Dai hpc TDTT Bic Ninh
De tai tren eg so cac dong tac theo chiic nang; can cii vao quy trinh lap rap dung cu kiim tra theo timg dgng tac, dong thcri trao d6i vai cac chuyen gia, tir do tien hanh xay dung quy trinh ling dung phucmg phap FMS trong danh gia chiic nang dgng tac cho nam VDV Bong ban tre tai Trung tam dao tao VDV, Truong Dai hgc TDTT Bic Ninh nhu luu da 1.
Buoc 1: Lap danh sach VDV tham gia kiim tra Lap danh sach VDV vol diy du thong tin: Hg va ten, ngay sinh, gioi tinh.
Buoc 2: Xay dung mlu phiiu kiim tra.
chii'c nang bang phyang phap FMS Can cii thong tin cua VDV; call cii theo so lugng dgng tac theo chiic nang, tiin hanh xay dung mlu phiiu kiim tra chiic nang dong tac cho tung VDV.
Buoc 3: Lip rap dung cu vi tiin hanh Kem Ha.
Tiin hanh lip rap cac bo phan ciia thiet bj theo huong dan va tiin hanh kiim tra. Trinh tu kiim tra dugc tiin hanh theo thii tv tir dpng tic 1 den 7, cu the:
+ Dgng tac 1: Ngoi thip;
+ Dpng tac 2: Buac rao;
+ Dgng tac 3: Buac quy theo ducmg thang (Buoc dang ban cimg);
+ Dgng tac 4: Linh hoat khop vai;
+ Dgng tac 5: Nim ngiia thing chan chu dgng nang cao diii;
306
BAOTAOVAMMNLUYBIITIfTHAO SO DAC BIET/2018 + Dpng tac 6: Nim s4p chdng dky giii 6n
dinh than ngudi;
+ Dpng tac 7: On dinh xoay than.
Trong qua trinh ki^m tea, ngudi kilm tra theo doi ghi lai diy dii ket qua va nhiing bi6u hien khi th\rc hi$n cac dpng tac ciia ding VDV vao phieu ghi ket qua.
Budc 4: Tdng hpp va phan tich kSt qua ki&n ha.
+ Xay dung bang tdng hpp kit qua kiSm tra
theo tiing ddng tac va ket qua kiem tra toan bp 7 dpng tac;
+ Tong hpp ket qua danh gia d timg dpng tac, xac dinh diem rieng le va diem tdng hpp cua ea 7 dpng tac. Dong thai tren co sd ket qua danh gia so bp khi kiem tra, tien hanh phan tich tdng hpp de dua ra ket qua danh gia ehung ve thuc trang chiic nang dpng tac ciia VDV.
L$p danh sibch VDV
Xiy dyn^ mSu p h i ^ Idem tni
lAp Tip dyng cv vA ttfn hAnh Idiin tra
TSDC hqtp vA phfin tkh 1 ^ q u i Uem tra
Lipu do 1. Quy trinh i>ng dung phifcyng phap FMS trong danh gia dong tac theo chirc nang , cho nam VDV Bong ban tre tai Trung tam dao tao VDV, Tru'd'ng D^i hoc TDTT Bac Ninh
3. Ddnh gia thipc trang dong tac theo chifc nang cua nam
Sau khi cd quy trinh ling dung phuang phap FMS trong danh gia dpng tac theo chiic nang, de tai tien hanh kiem tra dpng tac theo chirc Jiang ciia nam VDV Bdng ban tre tai Trung tam dao tao VDV, Tnrdng Dai hpe TDTT Bic Ninh.
Ket qua kiem tra dupe tinh bang diem theo bang tieu chuan danh gia ma de tai da xac dinh dupe d giai doan nghien ciiu trude. Trong dd diem tdi da la 3 diem, tdi thieu la 0 diem. Ddi tupng Idem tra bao gom 12 VDV hien dang tap luyen tai Trudng. Ket qua kiem tra thu dupe trinh bay d bang 1.
Bang 1. ThiFC trang dong tac theo chirc nang cua nam VDV doi tuyen Bdng ban tre tai Trung tam Dao tao VDV, Triro-ng Dai hpc TDTT Bac Ninh (n=12)
i TT 1 2 3 f 4 5 6 7
Ngi dung kiem tra Ngoi xom sau
Buoc rao Buoc quy Linh hoat vai
Nam ngiia duoi chan nang cao dui Nam sap chong day
On dinh xoay Tong diem
Ket qua (diem) T
1.89 1.89 1.94 2.11 1.72 1.00 1.39 11.94
± 8 0.78 0.78 0.46 0.60 0.57 0.50 0.77 1.76
Ty le diim (%) 62.96 62.96 64.81 70.37 57.41 33.33 46.30 56.88
BAI BAO KHOA HOC
Kit qua thu dugc 6 bang 1 che thay, tong diem dat dugc o ca 7 test chi la 11.94 diim tuong ling voi 56.88% diim tii da. Kit qua kiem tra a timg test cho thiy, chi duy nhit test 4 danh gia kha nang linh hoat khgp vai dat tren 2 diem (2.11 diim), con lai tit ca cac test kiim tra deu cho ket qua < 2 diim. Tham chi kit qua kiim tta a cac test 6 va test 7 dat chua toi 50% t6ng si diim toi da (lin lugt la 33.33% va 46.30%).
Test 1,2,3 la nhiing dgng tac doi hoi su ph6i hgp cOa toan than, niu mgt bg phan hoac mgt vai bo phan cua co the co van de se anh huong tcri chit lugng dgng tac hgan chinh. Chinh vi vay, di hoan thanh dugc tot 03 d6ng tac nay, doi hoi cac bg phan ca the tham gia vag thuc hien 03 dgng tac nay phai co tinh linh hoat va on dinh rit tdt. Tuy nhien Kit qua kiim tra 6 03 test tren cho thiy, diim kiim tra ciia VDV deu 6 miic <
2 diim. Cho thiy can thiet phai c6 su tap luyen de cai thien.
Test 4 va 5 la hai test danh gia su linh hoat phoi hgp giua khop voi cac to chiic bag quanh khap. Trong do 6 test 4, danh gia kha nang linh hoat ciia khop vai va cac to chiic quanh khap vai cho ket qua kiem tra d^t 2.11 diem. Ket qua nay tuy a mtic cho phep, nhimg van can phai co su tap luyen de cai thien han. O test 5 danh gia kha nang linh hoat cua khop hong va su phoi hgp ciia cac to chiic bao quanh khop hong cho kit qua dat 1.72 diem. Nhu vay co the thay rang, tinh linh hoat phoi hgp ciia khop hong va cac to chiic bao quanh khcrp hong ciia VDV Bong ban dgi tuyen tte quoc gia con han che, dieu nay se anh huong rat lan toi kha nang di chuyin, xoay than, ra tay... cua VDV, day la nhiing yiu t i rit quan ttpng, anh huong true tiip tai thanh tich ttong tap luyen va thi dau ttong mon Bong ban. Vi vay can phai c6 nhiing bai tap phu hgp di cai thien.
Test 6 va 7 la test kiem tta chg phep danh gia kha nang khong chi cua co bip, tinh 6n dinh co ban cua co the trong cac dgng tac. Kit qua kiim tta cho thiy, thanh tich dat dugc rit thip (duai 50% miic diem tii da). Diiu nay cho thiy kha nang khing chi cua co bit chua tit, dac biet cac nhom CO giii thang bing quanh bnac dgc ca thi (nhom CO cot song), noi ttoing chuyin din truyen lire giua cac phan cua co thi khi van dgng. Yeu diim nay ciia co thi VDV la mot
trong nhiing nguyen nhan lam tang nguy co chan thuang, dong thai lam giam hieu xuit, hi?u qua thuc hien dgng tac.
Tit nhung phan tich a tten c6 thi thay ting, thuc trang dgng tac theo chiic nang ciia VDV Bong ban dgi tayen tte quic gia tai Ttung tam Dao tao VDV, Trucmg Dai hgc TDTT Bic Ninh a tat ca 7 ngi dung kiem tra deu con han chi cin thiet phai co nhung bai tap phu hgp, dLr(;rc sap xep theo mgt ttinh tu khoa hgc de co th§
khae phuc va cai thien nham nang cao hi^u qua thuc hien dgng tac va han chS cac nguyen nhan xay ra chan thuang.
XET LUAN
Di tai da xay dung dugc Quy trinh ung dpg phuang phap FMS ttong kiem tta dgng tac theo chiic nang ciia VDV Bong ban gim 4 bucfc: L§p danh sach VDV; xay dung mlu phiiu kiem tra;
lap rap dung cu va tien hanh kiem tta; tong hpp va phan tich ket qua ki6m tta.
Di tai da xac dinh dugc thuc ttang dgng tiic theo chue nang ciia nam VDV B6ng ban tre tai Tnmg tam dao tag VDV, Trucmg D^i hgc TDTT Bic Ninh. Trong do, kit qua kiem tra cac dgng tac doi hoi su phii hgp toan than (ngi dung 1,2,3) cho thiy tinh linh hoat va on dinh dpng tac cua VDV chua tdt (dudi 2 diim); cac dong tac danh gia s\r linh hoat phoi hgp giua khdp vdi cac ti chijc bao quanh khop (ngi dung 4,5) cho thiy linh hgat khop vai d miic trung binh, trong khi do linh hoat khap hong con han che (1.72 diim); kha nang khing chi cua co bip, tinh on dinh cua co thi (ngi dung 6,7) cho kit qua chua tit (< 50% diim), dac biet la nhom CO giii thing, bing quanh true dgc co thi (nhcm CO cpt soi^) noi trung chuyin din truyin luc giua cac phan
cua CO the khi van dong. . TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Diiih Quang Nggc (2015), "Nghien ciin ling dung phin mim Simi Motion 3D trong phan tich ky thuat thi thao (din chiing trong mon Bong rd)". Be tdi khoa hfc vdcong itgk cdp ca sa, Truang Dai hgc TDTT Bic Ninh.
2. Nguyen Diic Van (2008), PhucmgpUf thdng ke trong TDTT, Nxb TDTT, Ha Ngi.
(Bai ngp ngay 21/11/2018, Phan bi^n m 22/11/2018, duyM in ngjy 28/11/2111')
