Tgp chi Khoa hpc Nghien cdu Sue khoe vd Phdt triin (Tdp 04. SS 01-2020) Joumal ofHealth and Development Studies (Vol.04, No.01-2020)
Danh gia truydn thong ve hinh anh va vai tro nhan vien cdng tac xa hoi trong bfnh vi^n tren truyen thong dai chung tai Viet Nam
Duong Thi Thu Huong^'
TOM TAT
Mgc ti£u: Nghien cuu n h i m tim h i l u hinh anh va vai tro nhan vien cong t^c xa hoi (CTXH) dugrc truyin tai tren phuong tifn trayen thong dgi chiing, cu the nghien ciiu tra&ng hop d i i voi cac bai vilt thupc chu d l nghi CTXH dang tai ttSn Tap chi Lao dflng - Xa hfi.
Phinnig p h d p nghien cihi: Phuang phap phan tich nfli dung dinh tinh dugc dp dung phan tich vdi 49 bai viet thu thSp duac ttong thdi gian ttr tir thang 1/2018 d i n thdng 11/2019.
Ket q u a : K i t qua nghien c;iu cho t h i y buoc d i u tgp chi v^ cdc bdi vilt da chu trong b u y i n tdi thong tin v l hinh dnh vd mfl td vai tro c i a nhan vien CTXH trong bfnh vifn d i n voi cong chiing thong qua thong difp bang binh anh va bang raS td, buae dSu giiip gi<5i thieu vd djnh hinh v l mf t vj tri nghi nghifp mai giup cong chung nam bat thflng tin. Tuy nhien rapt so thong tin, va dnh sit dung minh hpa cdn chua chinh xdc ve chan dung va vai trfl ciia nhSn viSn CTXH trong benh vifn, dac bift con s g nhdm lan vfli vai tro vi hinh anh ciia y bde sy, nhan vien y te. Do vay de dan den s g hieu nham, thieu tin tuong d i i vdi vi tri nghe nghifp mdi cdn dang trong qud trinh khang djnh vd tim chd dung.
Ket lu^n: Ket qua nghien curu se gdp phan tu van nham hudng den chinh xac hod cdc thdng tin, thdng difp, tii do truyen thdng day du, chinh xac, cban thgc va hifu qua ve hinh anh va vai trd ciia nhdn vi6n CTXH trong mdi tnrdng bfnh vifn.
/"«• khod: Truyen thong, Hinh dnh vd vai tro ciia nhdn vien cong tac xa hgi, benh vien, truyen thong dai chiing.
DAT VAN DE
Nghi cflng tae xa hpi (CTXH) d Viflt Nam ehinh thde dupc cflng nhan tu nam 2010 sau khi Thu tuomg Chinh phu ban hanh Quyet djnh sfl 32/2010/QD-TTg ngay 25/3/2010.
CTXH frong ngdnh Y tl ciing da dupe hinh tiidnh ngay sau do khi Bp Y tfl ban hanh Dfl an "Phdt trien nghi cong tac xa hoi trong ngdnh Y ti giai doan 2011 - 2020" (1). Tuy nhifln, hinh anh va vai frfl cua nhdn vien CTXH frong bflnh vifln con hit sdc moi mfl, khflng phai mpi nguoi frong xa hfli ndi chung
*Tdcgid Iiin A|; Dirang Thf Thu Hircmg Email- duonghuongjchh^ahoo.com 'Hpc vi$n Bdo chi vd Tuyin truyen
cung nhu bflnh nhdn dflu da hiflu vfl vai frd cua nhdn vifln CTXH frong bfnh vifln vd dfl thue ddy sir phat trien cua nghe CTXH rdt can sir tham gia truyfln thong hifu qud, chuyfln nghifp, thfl hifln d vifc dang tai vd dua tin chinh xdc vfl hinh dnh va vai fro cua nhan vifln CTXH tiong bfnh vien. Thue tfl, truyen thong dai chung (TTDC) co ehue nang cung cap thdng tin va gop phan tao dung nhdn thde cua xa hpi vfl cac van de xa hpi, dfli tuang xa hpi quan tdm, frong do bao gflm cd vi tri, vai trd nghe nghiflp, hinh anh nhdn vien CTXH (2). Trong bfli canh Viet Nam, ngbl CTXH
Ngdy nhgn bdi: 08/12/2019 Ngdy phdn bi?n: 19/02/2020 Ngay ddng bdi: 24/03/2020
Dmmg Thf Thu Huang Tgpchi^..
la nghfl rat moi, nhung thflng tin chinh thong frong giai dogn khfli dau hinh thanh nhgn thuc ciia xa hpi ma ehu ylu xuat phat tu TTDC cfl vai tid rit quan trpng gidp cflng chung dinh hinh vfl hinh anh vd vai tio cua nhan vifln CTXH tiong bfnh vien. Thflng tin frfln truyen thflng co thfl phdn anh khach quan, chan thuc, nhung ciing eo the la chua day du, tham chi cfl thi gop phdn tgo dung dinh kiln frong xa hpi vfl nghfl CTXH. Ddy chmh Id Iy do nghien euu Iya chpn phan tich hinh anh va vai fro eua nhan vien CTXH tiong bfnh vifln dupe dang tdi frfln TTDC nham gop phdn cfl nhiing khuyen nghi tang cudng hieu qua frong qua trinh truyfln tai thflng tin, nhdm giup cong chdng nhin nhan dung vfl chuc danh nghfl nghiflp mdi, tu do thue day tao lap chfl dung eua nhdn vifln CTXH frong mfli trudng bfnh vifn.
PHUONG PHAP NGHlfeN CC U Phinmg phap nghifln ciru va phan tich Nghien cdu sd dung phuang phap phan tich npi dung dinh tinh (qualitative content analysis). Day la mpt frong nhimg phuong phap phfl bifln sd dung frong phdn tich npi dung tdi lifu: nflu phdn tich nfli dung dinh Iuong huflfng dfln "do dem" tin suat xudt hifln ede npi dung, chung minh gia thuyet vl mfli quan hf tuong quan giua cac bien sfl vfl chu de vd npi dung thi phdn tich npi dung tdi lifu dinh tinb hudng dfln giai thich y nghia nfli dung thfl hifn tiong tdi lieu dupc dat frong bfli canh nhit djnh. Vfli phuang phap phdn tieh npi dung dinh tinh, eac thong difp, npi dung, cde lofp y nghta dupe giai ma thflng qua qua trinh phdn logi cfl hf thflng cac ma hod, qua frinh giai ma thflng tin theo cde chu de hogc khufln mau npi dung (3).
Journal OfHealth and Development Studies (Vol.04. No vi -- •"3)
Phuong phap phdn tich npi dung djnh tinh la lua chpn phu hop vdi m\ic dich nghifln cdu huorng dfln phdn tich sdu hinh anh va vai fro cua nhdn vien CTXH frong mfli trudng bfnh vifln dupe truyfln tdi tren tgp chi "Lao dpng vd xa bfli", fra Idi eho eac cdu hfli hinh anh nhdn vien CTXH frong bfnh vien dupc dang tdi "nhu thfl ndo?" vd frong cac bfli canh truyen thflng ndo?
Doi tiring nghifln cmi, thM gian nghien cdu Bai viflt gioi hgn tim hiflu vai fro cua tmyfln thflng, dac biflt Id tgp ehi chuyen nganh cua bp Lao dpng - Thuang binh Xa hpi tr\re tilp tham gia vdo truyen tdi vfl hinh anh va vai fro cua nhdn vien CTXH: Tgp chi Lao dpng vd Xa hfli. Muc dich nghien cdu huong tdi phdn tich hinh dnh va vai fro eua nhan vien CTXH frong bfnh vifln dupc mo ta va tmyln tdi frfln cac bai viflt vfl chu dfl CTXH tfiupc chuyfln rauc "Nghi Cong tac xa hfli". Cac bai vilt dupe lira chpn phan Hch la nhung bai dupe dang tdi frong 2 nam (thang 1/2018 den 31/11/2019) vilt vfl ehu de "Cong tae xd hpi frong benh vien". Ddy Id tap ehi chuyen nganh hi^c myfln, do vdy rdt nhiflu bai vilt vl ITnh v^c chuyfln nganh nay dupe eac bao ti^c myln phfl biln khae dang tai lai nhdm phfl bifln tiiflng tdi din vdi dflng ddo edng chung frong xd hpi ban. Thong tm dupc tiiu thdp va phan tich tu tiiang 8/2019 din tiiang 12/2019.
MSU nghifln cihl vd phuong phap chpn m^u Cae bai viflt dupe !i;a chpn tiieo cac bude*
- Chuyen muc "Nghfl cflng tac x3 hpi" cua tap ehi "Lao dpng xa hpi" bao gom cac bdi viet chuyfln vl ngbl CTXH. L^ra ehpn Idn lupt theo thdi gian dang tai cdc bai vilt, - Tiflu chi li;a chpn: cde bai viet true tii« - •
1 . 1 ^ P noi ve nghe, cong vifc, vai tid nhan vien CTXH
frong bfnh vifln. Thi hifn qua: tiflu dfl bdi viflt, npi dung torn tit ngan gpn sau tieu de vdi cdc til khoa "CTXH bfnh vifln", "Nhan vifln CTXH trong bfnh vifn", "phdng CTXH bfnh vifn". Ngodi ra, cdc bai vilt viflt ehung vl nghfl CTXH, cfl minh hpa, mo td vfl hinh dnh, nhan vifln CTXH frong benh vifn eung dupe l\ra ehpn vdi tiflu chi: cfl td khod tuong tu nhu tifln, ngodi ra Id hinh anh su dung minh hpa cho bdi vilt cfl chd thich Hen quan din nhdn vien CTXH frong benh vifn, nghe, vi tri, vai tro, vifc lam, ddng gdp cua nhdn vifln CTXH frong benh vien. Cdc bdi viflt ddng lgi d tin ngan dudi 200 chu, khflng cfl hinh dnh minh hpa se loai bfl khflng sd dung phdn tich. Kflt qud tap hop c6 49 bai viet tu tiidng 1/2018 dfln 31/11/2019 dupe l\ra chpn nghifln ciiu.
- Phan tich dir lifu: Cdc du lieu thu thdp sd dung cho nghifln euu dupe phdn tich vdi su hfl frp cua phdn mflm Nvivo 8.0.
KET QUA NGHIEN CtTU
Nhirng dong gflp cda bdo chi trong vifc truyen tai va lan toa thflng tin, thflng difp ve hinh anh va vai tro cua nhSn vifln CTXH trong benh vifn
Ket qua phdn tieh buoc dau cho thay Tap chi Lao dpng - Xa hpi da danh riflng mot chuyen muc "Nghfl cflng tac xa hfli" dfl dang tdi Uiong tin cap nhdt ve vj fri nghfl nghiflp mdi dupc hinh thanh vd thda nhan, no thfl hifln su tich e\ic, ehii dpng truyfln thong ve nghfl va nhan vien CTXH din vdi cflng chung. Vdi cac bai viet chuyen sdu hay ede bai viflt tflng quat da truyfln tdi tuong doi ro rang hinh dnh nhgn difln bfln ngoai, mfli truoTig lam vifc, vj tii, vai trfl va mfli quan hfl cu thi cua nhan vifln CTXH vdi bfnh nhdn frong mfli trudng
hi Khoa hpc Nghien cuu Siic khoe vd Phdt triin (Tap 04, Sd 01-2020) Joumal ofHealth and Development Studies (Val.04. No.01-2020)
bfnh vifln, tren ca sd do cflng chung khflng nhirng biflt den mflt vj tri nghfl nghifp mdi trong moi truong bflnh vifln, dflng thdi ndm dupc thflng tin vl vai tio, phgm vi vd khd nang hfl frp cua hp.
Cac bdi viflt chu yeu thuflc 4 nhflm nfli dung:
Nhdm 1: Phat trifln nghfl, dao tgo, bfli dudng, hdnh lang phdp ly gop phdn phat triln nghfl CTXH nfli chung
Nhom 2: Hogt dpng nghe CTXH tgi ede tinh, tai eac trung tam bao frp xa hfli tgi cac tinh Nhdm 3: CTXH frong bflnh vifln, vai frfl vd vi tri nhdn vifln CTXH frong bflnh vifn: ede bai viflt vdi tieu dfl va toan bfl npi dung dfl cap dfln mfli truong Idm viflc vd hinh anh, vai fro cda nhan vien CTXH frong bfnh vifln.
Nhdm 4: CTXH frong ITnh vuc khde: sdc khoe, tiirdng hpe, biln dfli khi hau, thien tai w....
Doi vdi cac bai viet thuflc ede chu de nhflm 1, 2: mac du khflng danh ed bai hogc tiflu dfl khflng dfl cap true tiflp den hinh dnh vd vai tro cua nhan vifln CTXH trong bflnh vifln, tuy nhien cd danh mpt phdn npi dung nhde din chu de CTXH trong bflnh vifln hay nhdn vifln CTXH lam viflc trong mfli trudng dgc thu nay. Ngoai ra, frong tflng sfl 49 bai viflt eo 6 bdi vilt chuyfln sdu ve ITnh vuc CTXH trong bfnh vifn vd hinh anh, vai tro cua nhan vifln CTXH trong mfli truong bflnh vifln (chiflm khoang 12%).
Nhu vdy cfl thfl thdy nghfl CTXH vd nhan vien CTXH frong bflnh vifln eung da nhdn dupc sy chu y quan tam nhat dinh tu truyfln thong va xa hfli.
Vfl thdi gian dang tdi, cac bdi vilt vfl nghfl CTXH dupe cap nhdt lifln tuc hang thdng, frong dfl tap tiimg vdi tan sudt day dac ban
Duong Thi T^a Hirong
vdo tiiang 3 Id thdng ky nif m ngay CTXH.
Voi qud trinh truyfln thflng Uen tuc ve nghe CTXH vd vai frfl nhdn vifln CTXH nfli chung va trong mfli trudng bflnh vifln noi rieng fren tap chl "Lao dpng vd xa hpi" vd dupc dang tai lgi frfln cdc bao va tap chi tryc myfln khae da phdn ndo giup xa hfli hiflu va djnh vj dupe vj tri, vai fro cua nhdn vien CTXH cimg nhu cflng viflc eua hp, dgc biflt Id frong mfli truong bfnh vien. Hon thfl nua, frong mpt sfl bdi vilt da CO nhung dogn mfl ta chi tiflt vfl vai frfl cua nhdn vifln CTXH frong moi quan he voi bfnh nhdn cung nhu nhiing ddng gop hp dem lgi doi vdi ngudi bfnh vd xa bpi ndi chung. Vi du nhu:
"To tru&ng To cdng tac xd hdi, hinh vien da khoa tinh cho biet, chuc ndng nhiim vu hiin tgi ciia Td Id tap trung vdo hu&ng ddn, tu vdn vd hd trgr cho ngu&i benh cung nhu nguai nhd ngu&i binh trong qud trinh di khdm vd diiu tri tgi viin. Ddi v&i cdc cdn bd y te trong binh viin niu cd hodn cdnh khd khdn hogc tdm tu, nguydn vgng thi TS cSng tim cdch di chia si, giup do nhimg dong nghiip do." {Trich Cong tac xd hgi & Benh viin da khoa tinh X, ddng ngdy 26/12/2018).
Ngoai ra bdi viflt cung minh hpa hinh dnh vd thong tin ehu thich bfl sung ro hon, chi tiflt hon cflng vifc cy thfl md nhan vifln CTXH dam nhiem frong moi trudng bfnh vifln, mpt sfl vi du:
Nhdn viin to CTXH hdi thdm. nam bat thdng tin cua benh nhdn co hodn cdnh khd khdn (Chu thich hinh dnh bdi viet "Cdng tac xd hgi & Binh vien da khoa tinh X", Tgp chl Lao dgng - Xd hgi. ngdy 26/12/2018)
Nhdn vien CTXH cua b4nh viin truyen thong, gido due sire khoe cho ngu&i b?nh (Chu thich hinh dnh bdi viet "Cdng tde xd
Journal of Health and Development Studiei (Vol.04, rio." • - -
hgi &Benh vien da khoa tinhX". Tgp chi Lao dgng - Xa hgi, ngdy 26/12/2018) Ngodi cae bdi viet chuyen sdu ve nghe CTXH frong bfnh vifln, rdt nhiflu cdc bai viflt khac truyfln tdi thong tin vfl nghi CTXH vd vai fro eua nhdn vifln CTXH noi chung da sd dyng hinh dnh nhdn vifln CTXH tiong bfnh vifln dfl minh hpa va mfl td ro hon v l vi tri, vai fro cua hp. Vi du mpt sfl bdi vilt su d i ^ g hinh dnh minh hpa nhdn vien CTXH dang lam vifc frong mfli trudng bflnh vien:
Bdi viet "Gidi phdp chudn hod ddo tgo, boi duong nhdn vien cdng tde xd hgi", Tgp chi Lao dgng - Xa hgi, 31/12/2018: hinh dnh minh hga nhdn vien CTXH trong b?nh vien:
tgi quay cua to CTXH vd dang hd tra, chi ddn thdng tin cho ngu&i binh, v&i dnh ehup khdu hieu duac treo tgi quay: "Sue khoe cua mgi ngu&i Id trdeh nhiem cda chung tdi".
Bdi viit "Thuc day nghi Cong tde xd hdi giup ngu&i ddn tiip can cdc dich vg trgf giup xd hgi", Tgp chi Lao dgng - Xd hgi, ddng tdi 31/12/2018: sir dung hinh dnh minh hga nhdn vien CTXH dang tu vdn cho ngu&i b?nh trong mdi tru&ng b$nh vien v&i chu thich: "Dgi ngu nhdn viin CTXH cd vai trd quan trgng trong hu&ng ddn ngu&i binh "
Bdi viet: "Khd khdn trong thuc hiin Be dn phdt trien nghe CTXH & Hd Ngi", Tap chi Lao dgng - Xd hgi. sd thdng 1/2019: minh hga nhdn vien CTXH trong b?nh vi^n dang thuc thi nhiim vu hd trgr ngu&i benh.
Nhu vay, bdng ngon ngir hoac binh anh minh hpa, cdc bdi vilt da gflp phdn tiuyln tai tiiflng tin, tiiflng difp din cong chung, giOp hg biflt vfl nghfl CTXH frong mfli frvdng bfnh vifn, hinh dung ra vai trd cua nhan vifln CTXH frong bfnh vifn, eong vifc va trdeh nhifm eua
mpt vi tii nghe nghifp hit sdc mdi me. Thong tin td do se dupc chia sfl dfln cdc thanh vifln frong mgng luoi, nhflm xd hpi md hp tham gia vao, giup thflng tm Ian toa dfln epng dflng, dgc bift la nhung "thdn chu" tiem nang cdn dfln s\r hfl frp cua nhdn vifln CTXH.
Nhirng hgn che trong viec truyin tai hinh dnh vd vai tro nhdn vien CTXH trong benh vien trfln bao chi
Tap chi "Lao dpng vd xa hpi" la tap chi chuyen nganh cua Bfl lao dpng thuang binh va xa hfli, do vdy cdc phflng vien, ngudi chiu trach nhifm bifln tgp thupc tap ehi cfl thfl xem Id nhimg ngufli am hiflu vfl nghfl CTXH va vai fro nhdn vien CTXH. Tuy nhifln, thuc te cho thdy hp cfl thi ddm nh^n tuong doi tot cflng viec truyin tai thflng tin ve hinh dnh va vj tri, vai tio nhdn vifln CTXH ndi chung, nhung vdn cfln mflt so nhftng ban chfl frong tmyfln tai hinh anh vd vai fro cua nhdn vien CTXH frong ITnh vuc chuyfln bift, vi du nhu mfli trudng bfnh vifln.
Thd nhat, ve chan dung hinh dnh nh^n difn ben ngoai, hinh dnh nhdn vifln CTXH trong mfli truong bfnh vifln ehua thfl hifn dupc ban sac rieng giup phdn biflt hp vdi nhan vifln y tl, y bde sy. Trong mflt sfl tinh huong, mgc du khflng phdi la phfl bifln, co nhftng
)/ Khoa hoc Nghien cm Sue khde va Phdt triin (lgp 04, S6 01-2020) Journal of Health and Development Studies (Vol.04, No.Ql-2020)
bdi viet da nhdm lan, sd dung hinh dnh nhdn vien y tl minh hpa cho nhdn vifln CTXH khifln cho hieu qud truyfln tdi thong tin bi dnh huong, ddn den cong ehung hiflu sai hoac khflng phan biet dupe vai trfl nhdn vien y tfl, y bde sy va vai tro nhan vifln CTXH frong bflnh vifn.
Duoi ddy la dnh dupe su dyng minh hpa cho vai fro, cac cong viec nhan vifln CTXH dam duong frong mfli truong bflnh vifn frong bdi viet "Cong tac xa hpi d Bfnh vifn da khoa tinh X", dang tai fren Tgp chi Lao dpng - Xa hpi, ngay 26/12/2018. Van dl co the xudt phat td hai phia: mpt mat chinh nhdn vifln CTXH chua CO bp nhan difln riflng vfl hinh dnh vd hp sd dung ddng phue eiia nhdn vifln Y tfl khi lam viflc, gidng nhu thfl hifn frong anh minh hpa. Ddy ciing Id thuc tfl d nhieu benh vifn, nhan vifln CTXH ehua co dong phue riflng, chua tao dung dupe ban sac nhdn difn riflng.
Mat khae, eung co the do ngudi vilt bdi chua thuc su hiflu vfl vai fro cua nhdn vien CTXH do day cdn Id mpt nghe rdt mdi va chua ed sy tach bift rd rdng frong phdn cflng vai fro frong bflnh vien hogc cfl su chia sfl vai fro giua nhdn vifln CTXH vd nhdn vifln y tl, do vgy khiln tac gia cae bdi vilt chua chu frpng frong lya cbpn sd dung binh anh minh hpa phu hpp va ehinh xac.
Dumg Thi Thu Huang
Journal of Health and Devett^naent Studies (Vol.04 no-'"
Hinh 1: Chu thich dnh trong bai viet: ''nhdn vifln to CTXH tham hoi, ndm bdt thong tin
cua benh nhan co hodn canh kho khan"
Hinh 2: Chu thich anh trong bdi vilt: ''nhdn vifln t l CTXH tham hoi, ndm bdt thflng tui
cda bfnh nhan cd hoan canh lihfl khan**
Bfln canh viee minh hpa bang Mnh dnh chua r5 rdng, frong mpt sfl bdi viflt, hinh anh da the hifn khflng chinh xdc vai fro cua nhan vien CTXH frong benh vien. Mpt sfl bai viflt da
Idy hinh dnh bac sy bode y ta dang kham chua bflnh, chdm soc y tfl minh hpa cho npi dung ve dieh vu CTXH hay vai frd cua nhan vien CTXH:
Hinh 3: Huih anh minh hga trong bai vilt: "Ket Hinh 4: Hinh anh minh hga trong bai vilt*
qua dat dupc va nhung hgn che cdn khde phuc "Kho khan trong thyc hien De an phat trien trong phat trien dich vy CTXH v Viet Nam" nghe cong tac xa h§i u Ha Noi"
Tgp chi Lao dpng - Xa hgi, so thdng 8/2019 Tgp chi Lao dgng - Xa hgi, sd thane 1/2019 Trong bfli cdnh nghfl CTXH Id mflt nghfl mdi,
v j tri, vai tro nhdn vien CTXH frong mfli trudng bflnh vifln con dang trong qua trinh dinh vi vd khdng dinh, vifc tiuyfln tai thflng tm chinh xdc va day du se gdp phdn tang cuong hiflu qud truyfln thflng, gdp phan thuc ddy sy phat trifln
cua ngbl CTXH tiong bdi cdnh con xa Ig vdi nhieu ngudi Viet Nam hien nay.
Bfln cgnh do, ten gpi hay "xung danh" eua nhdn vien CTXH noi chung cung nhu nhdn vifln CTXH Idm vifc tiong mfli fr^ong bfnh vifn con chua thong nhdt Thuc t l cfl thi ••
so nhan vien CTXH trudc day tiing Id y ta hay diflu duong chuyfln ngang sang, do vdy danh xung cua nhdn vifln CTXH frong mpt so bdi viflt van eon chua dupe ehuan boa. Vi du hp van dupe gpi gdn voi chde danh Id "diflu dudng" khi trich ddn <f kien phdng vdn cua mflt nhdn vien CTXH: "Diflu dudng H - To tiuong Tfl cflng tae xa hfli, BVDK tinh cho bilt w..." (Bdi viit ddng tdi tgp chi ngdy 26/12/2018). Ngoai ra, tiflng nfli cua nhdn vien CTXH frong mfli trudng bflnh vifn con it dupc chu y trich ddn true tiflp. Gdn nhu chua tim dupe bdi phong vdn vfl cdc tdm guong hay difln hmh nhdn vifln CTXH frong bfnh vifn dupc de cap hay chia se phfl bifln nham ldm ro va khac hpa sac net ban hinh dnh vd vai fro ciia nhdn vifln CTXH, tu do cho thay nhiing dong gop quan frpng khflng thfl thiflu dupe cua hp frong xa hpi. Cae bai viflt chu yflu lya ehpn hudng tiflp can td gflc nhin td nhd bdo dfli vdi nghfl CTXH, vdn con thiflu vang cac bdi vilt theo huong tilp can td dufli di Ifln: td gflc nhin hay tiflng nfli cua nhdn vat chinh Id nhan vifln CTXH chia sfl vfl cflng viflc, mfli tmong ldm vifc.
BANLUAN
Nghien cuu cho thay ro ca nhirng mat tich cue vd mpt so hgn chfl cua ede bai viflt frfln tap chi
"Lao dflng vd xa hpi" frong qua trinh truyfln tai thflng tin vfl hinh dnh vd vai tro cua nhdn vifln CTXH tiong mfli trudng bflnh vifn. Khai niem vai tio dupc djnh nghTa Id: "Tap hop cac mong dpi, quyfln vd nhftng nghia vy dupc gan cho mpt dia vj cy the" (4). Bdi viflt da ban lugn den vai tid cua nhdn vifln CTXH trong mdi truong bfnh vifn, tiieo dinh nghTa, nd bao gflm cac mfl hmh hanh vi, quyen vd nglua vy cua nhan vifln f:TXH duoc de cap dfln. Ngodi nhiing quy dinh
liKhoa hoc Nghien cuu S(tc khoe vd Phdt tnin (Tgp 04, S6 01-2020) Joumal of Health and Development Studies (Vol.04. No.01-2020) vfl quyfln, trach nhiem eu thfl edn dam duong, nhftng dde trung nhdn difn ben ngodi ciing gflp phdn quan frpng nhdn difln vai fro cua hp, tgo dyng nfln thuong hiflu riflng. Dieu ndy quan tipng dgc biflt doi vdi nhiing vai fro mdi duoc djnh hmh frong mflt cdu true hay tfl chde dd cfl tu trudc vi dy nhu bflnh vifn. Doi voi nhung vai trd mdi frong mpt tfl ehue da djnh hinh Idu nam voi mpt bfl day phat triln nhu bfnh vifn, viflc cfl dupc ngay nhdn dien bfln ngoai cfl tinh ddc tnmg, cimg voi mpt qua trinh tinyfln thong hiflu qud, dung, chinh xdc v l hinh dnh ciia hp voi tir each la cac nhdn vifln CTXH tiong bfnh vifn se dem lgi hifu qua trayen thflng cao ban.
Ngoai ra nd eon gop phdn tranh nhiing hieu lam hay tranh ludn khong cdn thiflt xudt phdt tu nhiing hieu lam tiong cflng chung xudt phdt tu sy chua ro rang frong thflng diep trayen thflng.
Ddy eung la vdn dfl dupc dat ra d mpt sfl cde nghifln edu phuang Tay, vi du nhu nghifln eim cua Afrm Jahan vd cflng sy ve mfli quan he gifta Trayin thflng dai chung (TTDC) vd nghfl CTXH, cung 6a dua ra nhdn dinh: thdng tin khdng chinh xdc vi hinh dnh vd vai trd cua ngu&i ldm nghi CTXH co thi ddn din suy yiu niem tin cua cdng chung, thdeh thuc ddi v&i Idiang dfnh tinh chuyin nghiep cda nhdn viin CTXHvd cd the dan din he qud ldm tdng nguy ca rui ro cho nhdm de bi tdn thucmg trong xd hgi vi hg chinh Id "thdn chii" hay khdeh hdng ldm viec true tiip v&i nhdn viin CTXH (5).
Thyc tl cung da cho thay co nhiflu ngudi chua tiing tilp xuc voi nhan vien CTXH, hp cdng khong CO nhiflu thflng tin ca bdn vfl nghfl ndy vd nhftng ngudi lam cflng viflc nay, da phdn thflng tin vd cdm nhan, thgm ehi djnh kifln cua hp v l cong vifc va hinh dnh nhdn vifln CTXH chu ylu hi TTDC, va do vdy TTDC dong vai frd quan frpng trong vifc djnh hmh suy nghT, quan nif m va dinh kifln cua xa hpi dfli vdi nhdn vifln CTXH (6). Ddy ciing chinh la Iy do ma
Dutmg Thi Tf'f Huang
hinh dnh, chdn dung nhan vifln CTXH truyfln tdi trfln TTDC luon nhan dupe su quan tdm, phan tich nhdm kip thdi co nhung diflu chinh gdp phdn xdy dyng chdn dung, hinh dnh nhdn vifln CTXH tiren TTDC chan tiiyc, chinh xdc vd ddy du nhdt (2).
Thong difp, thflng tin tii ngufln chmh thflng chudn xdc, ddy du se la co sd va con dudng ngan nhat de thflng tin din dupc voi eong ehung dgt hifu qud mong mufln. Ddy cimg la diflm con mpt sfl hgn che frong cdc thong diep tmyfln tdi vfl hinh anh vd vai frfl cua nhdn vifln CTXH fren tgp chi chuyen ngdnh "Lao dpng vd xa hfli": con chua cfl sy phan dinh ro rang vd thgm chi nhdm ldn trong hinh dnh va vai fro eua nhan vifln CTXH frong bfnh vifn vdi nhdn vifln y te, y bac sy. Sy nhdm ldn nay khflng hoan todn thupc vfl loi eua phflng vifln, bifln tgp vifln hay tgp chi vi thye tfl frong giai dogn dau dinh hinh mpt vj tri ngbl nghifp mdi frong mpt tfl chuc, cfl rit nhiflu ylu tfl thupc ve tfl ehdc dang frong qud trinh hodn thifln, vi dy nhu vifc xac djnh va xay dyng vj tri vifc lam cho dpi nhdn sy phong/td CTXH. Do vdy chinh ngudi frong cupc cung dang trong qua trinh hodn thifn ddn vi tii nghe nghifp va xdy dung hinh anh cua bdn thdn ho. Do vdy hinh dnh nhdn vien CTXH mfl ta frong cac bai viflt phdn tich chua ro rdng hay ed sy nhdm Ian frong giai dogn ban ddu ciing khflng phdi la loi hay van dfln nghiem frpng md chi Id nhung vdn dfl mang tinh ggi y can luu y dfl trayen thflng hifu qua hon frong giai dogn toi.
Dfli voi nhiing bfnh vifln da ed riflng phdng/
tfl chuyfln trach CTXH trong bfnh vifln, song song vdi vifc hodn thifn dpi ngu nhdn sy thi eiing cin thilt Ifln kfl hogch xdy dyng hinh anh nhdn difn vai tro ciia nhdn vifln CTXH trong bfnh vifn bat ddu bdng nhgn difn bfln ngoai,
^ ^ H p h \ i c phu h ^ , thdm chi dong bp trong
li Khoa hpc Ngnien cua Jilt, ^'^iji:'.':.:'. i—•:. . .1 ,^,, Joumal ofHealth and Development Studies (l'oL04. No 01-2020/
cac bfnh vifln theo myen (trung ucmg hoac tinh/tiidnh phfl). Viflc hpp tac vd phfli hpp voi CO quan tinyfln thflng, ddc bift tgp chi chuyen ngdnh LD - XH trong qua tiinh qudng ba ve hmh dnh nhan difn nhan vien CTXH trong bfnh vifn se gop phdn tang cudng nhan thuc vd nhan difln dung cda xd hpi dfli vdi vi tri nghfl nghifp mfli ndy. Ngodi ra, tgp chi Lao dpng - xd hpi (LD - XH) noi riflng vd TTDC noi chung Cling edn chu trpng hon trong qud trinh chu tiiich hmh dnh nhan vifln CTXH frong bflnh vifn, chu frpng frong vifc lya ehpn dung hinh anh nhgn difn, ehu y hon trong vifc chu thieh hinh anh minh hpa vd phdn biet ro rang hinh anh ciia nhdn vifln CTXH chuyen nghifp vd nhung ngudi lam cong vifc ho frp, bdn chuyen nghifp frong mfli trudng bf rih vifn, nhdm khac hpa ro nflt hon ve hinh dnh va vai tifl cua nhdn vien CTXH trong bfnh vifn.
Bfln cgnh thong tin ehinh xac tiii tdn suit thflng tin lien tye vd cgp nhdt vfl hinh anh, nhung dflng gop cua nhdn vifln CTXH cung can dupe ehu tipng hon frong qud trinh dang tdi vd dua tin, edn nhde bfl sung them hudng tiflp c$n td dudi Ifln, frong dfl chu frpng d i n tiflng noi ngufli frong eupe ciing nhu nhdn v^t trung tam eua bai vilt Id nhan vifln CTXH frong bfnh vifn. Ngodi ra, vdn d l thflng nhdt danh xung eua mpt vj tri nghe nghiflp mdi nhu nhdn vifln CTXH trong cflng vipe hdng ngdy eung nhu frfln tinyfln tiiflng cung Id yflu tfl gflp phdn giup hp nhanh chflng khdng djnh va dupc cflng nhdn frong xa hpi.
Nghifln euu phdn tieh v l hinh dnh va vai frfl cua nhan vifln CTXH dupc mfl td trfln tmyfln thflng vdn Id npi dung cdn it nghien cuu dfl cap, dgc bift nhung nghien cuu cd quy mfl.
Bdi vilt ndy moi dung lgi phdn tich du lifu fren mpt tgp chi, do vgy chde chdn vln con han chfl frong cac nhgn djnh, gidi phdp dua
I chi dung trong khufln khfl nghifln cdu vd
| y nghTa tham khdo voi cdc co quan trayen thong vd tgp chi khac. Viflc bfl sung them cde nghien eim ve chu de nay fren phgm vi nghien cdu rpng hon se e6 them nhiing gidi phdp todn difln trayen thflng hieu qua vfl hinb dnh va vai trd cua nhdn vien CTXH frong tuang lai.
Khoa hpc Nghien cuu Sue khoe vd Phdt trien (Tgp 04, So 01-2020) Journal ofHealth and Development Studies (Vol.04, No.OI-2020)
trayen tdi thflng tin: thong diep minh hpa bang hinh anh vfl vai frd cua hp con chua ro rang, chinh xdc, thflng tin vfl chuc danh va nhgn difln bfln ngodi cua hp cung chua e6 sy phdn dinh ro vfli bde sy va nhan vien y tfl trong bflnh vifln.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO KET LU^N
Nghfl CTXH, dac biflt CTXH frong mfli trudng bflnh vifn Id nghfl rdt mdi d Vift Nam vd vdn dang frong qud trinh hinh thdnh, khang djnh vj fri, vai tro frong xd bfli. Kflt qua phdn tieh hinh dnh va vai tro cua nhdn vifln CTXH frong benh vifn frfln tgp chi "Lao dflng vd xa hpi" frong hai nam gin day cho thay cdc bai viet da gflp phan thong tin vfl mpt vj tri vd vai frd nghfl nghifp mdi frong mfli trudng bfnh vifln, dflng thdi bude ddu mfl td cu thfl nhihig cflng vifc hp ddm nhan, frp giup bflnh nhan ciing nhu frong bfnh vien. Tuy nhifln, cdc bdi vilt van cdn chd y ban ttong vifc
1 Chinh phu. Quyet dinh phe duyet de dn phdt trien nghe cong tde xa hpi giai dogn 2010 2020. 2010. Tgi trang: https://
thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/van-hoa-xa-hoi/
Quyet-dinh-32-2010-QD-TTg-phe-duyet- De-an-phat-trien-nghe-cong-tac-xa-hoi-giai- doan-2010-2020-102910.aspx
2. Franklm B, Parton N. Social Work. The Media and Public Relations. 1991. Routledge.
3. Hsieh H, Shaimon S. Three Approaches to Qualitative Content analysis. 2005. Qualitative health research. 2005; 9(15): 1277 - 1288.
4. Phgm Tdt D, Le Ngpc H. Xa hfli hpc. 1997. Nha xudt ban Dai hpc Quoc Gia Hd Nfi.
5. Jahan A, Rahman M. Media and Social Work.
International Journal of Science and Research.
2016; 8(5): 71-74.
6. Reid WJ, Misener E. Social work in the press: a cross national study. Joumal Welfare. 2001; 10:
194-201.
Duang Thi Thu Huang Tgp chi,.s^ ;.^. .^....,. .. r-.- , . . , . ' ] Joumal of Health and Development Studies (Vol.04, So.oi-^>'~-)
Evaluating mass media communicating on the role and image of social workers working in hospitals
Duong Thi Thu Huong'' ' Academy of Joumalism and Communication The aim of the research was to explore the image and social roles of social worker working in the hospital environment which was portrayed on mass media. The findings were fi-om the case study of 49 articles posted in online newspaper "Labour and Society" from January 2018 to November 2019 writting on social work in general or focusing on social work in hospital's environment. QuaUtative content analysis was applied for analysing these selected articles. The resutis showed that these articles had played a smgnificant role on conveying information about images and the role of social workers in hospitals to the public. The provided information could help the community and society to understand in more detail about the roles and their contributions in the hospital system. It was also revealed fi-om the analyzing that the information was also confusing in some articles and noticeablly, theu roles and images were wrongly used when showing the roles of the doctors working in the hospital for illusfration.
This situation could lead to the misunderstandings or the lack of the society's trast on the very new career positions which is still in the process of seeking their own social recognition. The research results suggested that social workers in the hospitals should deployed to build their own brand image which could be well recognized and separated from the image and the roles of the health staffs in hostpital environment. The findings were also the propose for the reporters to communicate correctly and accurately about the roles and images of social workers working in the hospitals as it would significantly contribute to promote the social recognition of this very new career postion.
Keywords: Communication, role and immage of social workers working in hospitals, mass media, hospital.
