Ki NANG GIAI QUYET TINH HUONG CO VAN DE TRONG HOAT DONG HOC TAP CUA SINH VIEN TRUONG DAI HOC LUAT HA NOI"
OANG THANH NGA*
Tdm tit: Bdi viet dyta tren nghien ciru ddnh gid ki ndng gidt quyet tinh hudng cd van ae to g ^ dgng hgc tgp cua sinh vien Trudng E>gi hgc Lugt Hd Ngi dupe tien hdnh khdo sdt tren 4 , ."
Ket qud nghien ciru cho thdy. ki ndng giai quyet tinh huong cd vdn de trong hogt dgng^ Qc QP^ ^ sinh vien Truang Dgi hgc Lugt Hd \gi dgt d muc trung binh. \ghuhi cuu cdng chi ra rang eo mpt so yeu to dnh hudng den la ndng gidi quyit tinh huong cd vdn di trong hogt dgng hgc tgp eua sinh vien Trudng Dgi hgc Lugt Hd S(n yeu to khd ndng tu duy cua sinh vien cd dnh hudng mgnh nhat den ki ndng gidi quyit tinh huong cd van de trong hogt dgng hgc tgp cua sinh m'rs. tiep theo la yeu to hieu hiil ve hogt dgng hgc tgp. ngdnh nghi dang theo hgc vd thdi dp. dpng ca hge tgp: yeu to it dnh hudng nhdt din ki ndng gidi quyit tinh hudng cd vdn di trong hogt dpng hpc tgp cua sinh vien Id bdu khdng khi tdm li Tren casd do, hdi viOt de xudt mpt so kien nghf nhdm ndng cao hi^u q"d ki ndng gidi quyet tinh hudng cd vdn de trong hogt dpng hpc tap cua sinh vien Tnrong Bgi hpc Lugt Hd Npi.
Tir khod. Ki ndng: gidi quyit tinh hudng: cd vdn de; hogt dpng hpc tap: sinh vien; Trudng Dgi hpc Lugt Hd \oi
Nhgn bdi: 07'02/2020 Hodn thdnh bien tap- 29/4/2020 Duy?t ddng: 03/6/2020 PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS IN LEARNING ACTIVITIES OF HANOI LAW UNIVESRITY STUDENTS
Abstract: The paper is about a study to evaluate problem-solving skills in learning activities of Hanoi Law University students by surveying 484 students. The research findings reveal thatthe problem- solving skills in learning activities of Hanoi Law University students are at an average level. The research also shows that there are several factors affecting the problem-solving skills in learning activities of the students, in which: the most influential factor is thinking ability followed by students' knowledge on leaning activities, fields of study as well as their learning motivation and learning attitude; and the least influential factor is psychological atmosphere. On that basis, the paper offers some recommendations to improve the problem-solving skillsin learning activities of Hanoi Law University students.
Ke\'words • Skill; problem-solving; learning activities; students; Hanoi Law University Received: Feb f. 2020; Editing completed: Apr 29^. 2020; Accepted for publication: June S"', 2020
* Pb6 giio sir, ti^n si, Truimg dai hgc luSt Ha N^i U * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ " ^ hpc t ^ Id mpt dgng boat dgng E-maU: [email protected] l l c u a con ngudi nham chiem ITnh tri thirc, (1). Nghien cuu nay dupe thyc hi?n trong khuon kh6 kinh nghipm cua xd hpi loai ngudi. Khac vdi D^ tai khoa hpc cdp co so: "KT nang giai quyat tinh ^^^^ ^^^g ^^ ^^ ^ tj.^^g ^^^
huong CO van dc trong ho^t dpng hpc tm ciia sinh vien - - - . • - . ° ' ^ Tmftng D« hpc Lu4> Ha N«i", Tmong Dai h,c Uu|t '''?"« hpc t?p cua sinh vien o tmong dai hpc Hi Ngi. 2019. doi hdi hp phai c6 nhiing phuong phap hpc 82 TAP CHl LUAT HOC S6 2/2020
D.40 TAO tgp, nhirng ki ndng cdn thiat da chii dpng, tich
eye, sdng tgo tim kiim vd Rnh hgi tri thuc.
Mdi khdc, vdi chuong trinh ddo tgo hipn nay thi hogt dpng hpc tgp ciia sinh vian cd nhung yau cdu mdi, ddi hdi sinh vien phdi cd kT ndng gidi quylt tot cdc van d l khdc nhau de khdng djnh ndng lyc cua bdn thdn. Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh hgc tgp, sinh vian ndi chung vd sinh vien Trudng Dgi hgc Lugt ndi riang cdn bgc 1$ nhilu hgn chi, lijng tiing khi gap cdc tinh huong cd van de. Day ciing Id mgt trong nhiing nguyan nhdn dnh hudng dan kat qud hpc tgp ciia cdc em. Vi vgy, vipc hinh thdnh cho sinh vian kT ndng gidi quyet linh hogt cac tinh hudng cd vdn de (THCVD) la dilu can thilt nhdm ndng cao hipu qud, chat lugng ddo tgo ciia nhd trudng.
KT ndng gidi quylt THCVD Id van d l dupe nhilu nhd khoa hgc trong vd ngodi nude quan tdm. Cdc tdc gid G.W.J Barendse, D.
Dohnan, D.R. Woods, K.W. Prichard nghien cihi vl THCVD d l phdt huy tinh tich eye cua ngudi hpc. Cdc tdc gid gpi phuang phdp su dyng cdc THCVD trong hogt dpng hgc tap Id hpc tgp dya ti-an van d l , hpc tap djnh hudng tdi van dl. Day chinh Id phuong phdp gido dye lay ngudi hgc lam trung tam. Thdng qua phucmg phdp nay, ngudi hpc dugc chuyan tii vj tri thy dpng sang vj tri chu dgng, tu dd giup hp vgn dyng nhung kian thiic da dp dyng vao cac tinh huong cd tiiyc dx)ng tiiyc tien, thudng phuong phap ndy dugc thyc hipn ti^ong nhdm nho khodng 10 ngudi. Trong nhdm hgc tap, sinh vign se thao luan cdc vdn d l phdt sinh thong qua vipc thyc bipn 7 budc: giai thich thugt ngii mdi; xdc djnh van da; dpng nao;
phan tich van da; djnh hinh cac van de can
hgc tap; qua trinh ty hgc; bdo cdo.'^* Tdc gia John Dewey cho rang gidi quylt THCVD gdm cd 5 budc: nhgn dien vdn da; xdc djnh vdn da bang tu duy, phdn dodn ve nd va lya chpn. Id chiic thdng tin phii hgp; trni kiem gidi phdp bang cdch suy lugn da phuong dn, kiem tra, ddnh gid cdc lap trudng khdc nhau; bdnh dpng theo cdc chian luge; lat lai van da vd ddnh gid hipu lyc hogt dpng ciia minh.*^' Cdc tdc gid Sharon, L.Foster, Marcelle Grain cho rdng, kT nang gidi quyet THCVD cd nhirng kT ndng thdnh phan nhu: nhgn dipn tinh hudng cd van da; phdt hipn tinh hudng cd van da; xdc djnh ban chdt ciia vdn da; tgp trung cdc y tudng da gidi quyat van de; ddnh gia cdc y tudng vd chpn ra y tudng tdi uu; Igp ka hogch vd thyc hipn y tudng dd bdng hdnh vi cy tha,'''*
6 Vipt Nam, mpt sd tdc gid cho rdng kT nang gidi quyat THCVD bao gdm 3 thdnh to:
nhdm kT ndng nhgn bilt THCVD; nhdm kT ndng xac dinh, phdn tich nguyen nhan; nhdm ' Hai (2). Cindy. E.Hmelo, Problem - Based learning: What and how do students leam'' Educational Psychology Review, 2004, Vol. 16, No.3, tr. 86.
(3). Vii V§n Tao, Dgy hgc gidi quyet vdn di mgt hudng doi mdi trong cong tdc gido due. ddo tgo, hudn luyen, Truemg Can bp quan li giao dye v3 dao t^o, 1996, tr. 21.
(4). Hoang Thj Quynh Lan, Ki ndng gidi quyet tinh hudng cd vdn di trong hogt dgng hgc tgp cua sinh viin, Lugn an ti^n si tam li hpc, Hpc vi?n Khoa hpc xahpi,2016, tr. 15.
(5). Trin Thj Qudc Minh, Phdn lich tdm li tinh hudng trong quan he giua gido vien vd tri mdu gido, Lugn an tiln si, Tnrong Dgi hpc su ph?m Ha Npi 1, 1996, tr. 54.
(6). Tr§n Thj Tii Quyen, KT ndng gidi quyet cdc tinh hudng qudn li hgc vien Hgc viin Chinh trj khu vuc I - Hgc vi4n chinh trj qudc gia Ho Chi Minh, Lugn an tien SI tam li hpc. Vi?n Tam li hpc, 2006, tr. 40.
TAP CHi LUAT HQC SO 2/2020 83
D.40 T.40
tdc gid Nguyan Duy Giang \a Mai Hiru Khua khi nghian ciiu THCVD trong linh vyc bdnh chinh da dua ra 3 thanh phdn sau: kT ndng nghian ciiu cdc dir kipn thdng tin thich ddng; kT nang nhgn biat vd \ac dinh vdn da;
kl ndng tham dy vdo vipc ka hogch hod vd thyc hipn phuang dn da chpn.'^
Khi nghidn ciiu ve THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc tgp, cac tac gid Tran \'an Ha vd Dgng Thdnh Hung chi ra kT ndng gidi quyet THCVD bao gom 4 kT ndng thdnh phdn: kT ndng phdt hipn van da; kT ndng phan tich, phdt biau Igi van de; kT ndng tdng hgp cdc phuang dn gidi quyet; kT ndng hdnh dpng, thyc hipn cdc phuong dn da chgn vd hinh thdnh nhung y tudng mtii.'^' Mpt sd tdc gidlgi cho rang ki nang gidi quyat THCVD chinh Id kl nang tu duy vi vgy bao gdm 6 kT ndng: kT nang nhgn thuc vdn da; kT nang xdc djnh van te vd biau dgt vdn te; kT nang de ra cdc y tudng gidi quylt; kT nang lya chgn phuong dn tdi uu da giai quyat vdn da; kT nang td chiic thyc hipn phucmg an da chgn;
kT ndng kiim tra, ddnh gid.*''* *""• '"* Theo kat qud khdo sat 575 sinh vian tgi ba trudng:
Trudng Dgi hgc su phgm Ha Npi 2; Trudng (7). D§ng Thanh Himg, "Nang l\rc va giao dye theo tiep c?ji nfing l^rc". Tgp chi Qudn li gido due. so 43/2012. tr. 5.
(8) D$ng Thanh Hung, Dgy hpc hiin dgi: li ludn - biin phdp - ki thugt, Nxb. D^i hpc quoc gia Ha Npi, 2004, tr. 120.
(9) Nguyen K\. "Bien qua trinh d?y hpc thanh qua trinh ty hpc". Tgp chi Nghiin cuu gido due, so 3 1996,tr. 197.
(10). Nguyen Ngpc Bao, Nguyen Dinh Chinh, Thuc hdnh gido due hgc, \yi.b Giao dye, 1989.tr.201.
(11). Phan Diing, Gidt quyit vdn di vd ra quyet dfnh - Bg sdch gidi thiiu phuang phdp lugn sdng tgo vd doi mm. Nxb Dgi hpc Quoc gia Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh. 2012.
84
Dgi hgc Thdi Nguyen \ a Hgc vipn giao M^^
tdc gid Hodng Thj Quynh Lan cho rdng, ndng giai qu>lt THC\ O uong hogt dgng hpc tgp cua sinh \ ien dugc biau hipn qua c tiiao tdc hav kT ndng tiianh phdn sau: ki narig nhgn bilt tinh hudng cd vdn dc: kT ndng phan tich tinh hudng cd vdn dl; ki ndng de xuat^
sdp xip phuang an gidi quyet gidi quyet tinh hudng cd vdn dl; kT nang l^a chpn phuang dn tdi uu vd gidi quylt THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc tgp cua sinh vian.
Tren co sd tdng hgp cdc cdng trinh nghian ciiu di trudc vl kT ndng gidi quylt THCVD trong cac hogt dgng khdc nhau, trong nghian ciiu ndy, kT nang gidi quylt THCVD uong hogt dpng hgc tap cua sinh vian dugc bilu Id khd nang van dyng nhimg tri thiickinh nghipm ciia sinh vien da nhgn dipn, phan tich tinh huong cd van de, de xudt, sdp xIp, lya chgn phuang dn toi uu vd gidi quylt THCVD ti-ong boat dgng hpc tgp.
KT ndng gidi quylt THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc tap ciia sinh vien dugc bieu hipn cy tha d 4 kT nang thdnh phan chinh: kT nang nhgn dipn tinh hudng cd van da; Id nang phan tich tinh huong cd van de; kT nang de xuat, sdp xep phucmg an gidi quylt tinh hudng c6 vdn de; kT ndng lua chpn phuong an tdi uu vd gidi quyat tinh hudng cd van da.
1. M§u vd phuong phdp nghiSn cihi /. /. Mdu nghien ciru
D I tim hiau thyc trgng kT nang gidi quyet THCVD trong boat dgng hpc tgp cua sinh vian, Trudng Dgi hpc Luat Hd Npi da tiln hanh khao sat 484 sinh vian. Trong dd, theo gidi: nil chiam 79,8%, nam chilm 20 2%"
(12). Hoang Thj Quynh Lan, tldd. tr. 47.
TAP CHi LUAT HOC S6 2/2020
D.40 T.40 theo nfim hgc: ndm thii nhat chiam 33,3%,
ndm thii hai chiam 33,1%, ndm thii ba chiam 33,6%; theo kat qua hpc tap: xudt sdc - gidi chilm 6,5%, khd chiam 73,3%, trung binh chiem 20,2%.
1.2. Phirangphdp nghiin ciiu DI ddnh gid kT ndng gidi quyat THCVD trong hogt dpng hgc tgp ciia smb vian, phuang phdp dieu tra bdng bdng hdi vd phuang phdp ph6flg van sdu dugc sii dyng, trong dd phuong phdp chinh Id dilu tra bdng bdng hdi. Bdng hdi gom nhung cdu hdi nhdm thu thgp dir lipu lian quan din 3 npi dung chinh: I) thdng tin nhan khau ciia sinh vian; 2) thdng tin va cdc kT ndng thdnh phan ciia kT nang gidi quylt THCVD ti-ong hogt dgng hgc tgp cua sinh vien; 3) thdng tin ve cdc yau td anh hudng din kT nang gidi quylt THCVD trong
hogt dgng hgc tap cua sinh vian.
E)anh gid chung kT nang gidi quylt THCVD trong boat dgng hgc tap cua sinh vien, dya tran 3 tiau chi: tinh chinh xdc, tinh thudn thyc, tinh linh boat. Ba tiau chi ndy dugc biau hipn tran 4 nhdm kT nang thdnh phan, cu tha: I) kT nang nhdn dipn tinh hudng cd vdn da; 2) kT ndng phdn tich tirtii hudng cd van dl; 3) kT nang dl xuat, sdp xIp phuong an giai quyat THCVD vd 4) kT ndng lya chpn phuang dn tdi uu va gidi quylt THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc tgp ciia sinh vien. Kiam djnh dp tin cgy ciia cdc thang do cho kit qud aCronbach cua 4 nhdm kT ndng thdnh phan Idn lugt Id: 0,79; 0,73; 0,80; 0,83 (cho thay thang do cd dg tin cay ddm bdo). Mdi mpnh da cd 5 phuong an tra Idi tuong Omg vdi 5 miic diam nhu sau:
Mirc diim 1 2 3 4 5
Bieu hipn ciia kl ndng Tinh chinh xdc
Khong biet 1dm Sai hodn todn Chinh xdc phan nho Chinh xdc phan Idn Hoan toan chinh xdc
Ti'nh thuan thyc Rdt liing tiing Tuang ddi liing tiing Binh thudng it tiing tiing
Hoan loan khong tiing tiing
Tinh linb boat Rat Cling nhdc Tuong doi Cling nhdc Binh thudng Kha tinh hogt Rdt linh hogt Da phan nhdm miic dp cua tung thang do
theo diam trung binh, phuong phap phan td trong thdng ka dugc su dyng: dau tian, lay diem cao nhdt Id 5 tru di diim t h ^ nhdt la 1 va chia cho 5 (sd nhdm dy djnh chia) dugc diam chenh l?ch ciia moi miic dg tuong duang 0,8.
Tir d6, diam trung binh ciia moi thang do dugc chia thdnh 5 miic vdi khodng diim nhu sau:
- Diem trung bmh tu I din 1,8: tuong iing TAP CHf LUAT HQC S6 2/2020
vdi sinh vien cd ki nang gidi quyat THCVD trong boat dpng hpc tap dgt d miic kem;
- Diim trung bbih tir 1,8 den 2,6: tuong ling vdi sinh vian cd ki nang gidi quyet THCVD trong boat dpng hpc tap dgt d miic yeu;
- Diim tnmg bmh tir 2,6 dan 3,4: tuang ling vdi sinh vian cd Id nang gjdi quyat THCVD trong hogt dpng hgc tap dgt d miic trung binh;
- Diim tnmg binh tii 3,4 den 4,2: tuang 85
img vdi sinh vian cd ki ndi^ gidi quyet THCVD trong hogt dgng hgc tap dgt d miic khd;
- Diem trung binh tren 4,2: tuong iing vdi sinh vian cd kT nang gidi quyat THCVD trong boat dgng hgc tap dgt d miic tdt.
Cdch tinh diim trung binh cua cac ycu dnh hudng dugc tinh mong ty nhu kn' "", diim tnmg binh ciia kl ndng giai quyet THCVD trong hogt dgng hgc tgp d tren, cy tha nhu sau:
Mirc diem 1 2 3 4 5 '
Cic ttlu chi dinll gii Ho4n toan Ichong dong y Phan nhieu Ichong dong y Nua dong y, nua Idiong Phan nliieu dong y Hoan toan dong y
Min: d?
Kim Veu Tning binh
lOii
Tot J
ni.5ni trons Wnh 1 den 1,8 1.5 den 2.6 2.6 den 3.4 3.4 den 4.2 Tren 4.2
Toan bp so li?u dieu tra du(;rc xii li theo chuong trinh SPSS 25.0 viSri cac phip phan tich du li?u dui?c six dyng gom: phan tich dp tin c$y, phan tich yeu to, phan tich ti 1? %, diim tmng binh, phan tich tucmg quan va hoi quy tuyen tinh.
2. Ket qui nghiSn cmi
2.1. Kt ndng gidi quyet linh huong cd van de Irong hoai ddng hqc tdp cua sinh vien
Ket qua tdng hqp kT nang giai quyet THCVD trong boat dgng hpc tjp cua sinh vien dupe bieu hi?n 6 Bang 1.
Bang 1.
Ti&u chi dinh gii
Tinh chinh xac
Tinh thudn Ihtfc
Tinh linh hogt Kit qud
chung
Thifc tr?ng ki nSng giai quyit THCVD trong ho?t dpng hpc tap cua sinh vien Thdng
so
DTB XL DTB
XL DTB
XL DTB
XL
Thinh phan ciia ki ning giii quyet THCVD Kinang
nhgn dien THCVD 3,19
TB 3,00 TB 3,04 TB 3,08 TB
AT nang phan tich THCVD 3.15
TB 3,06 TB 3,05 TB 3,09 TB
Ki nang de xuat, sdp xep phutmg dn gidi quyet
THCVD 3,11 TB 3,01 TB 3,09 TB 3,07 TB
KT ndng lira chQn phucmg dn
gidi quyet THCVD
3,10 TB 3,05 TB 3,11 TB 3,09
TB
KInine giai quyet
THCVD
3,14 TB 3,03 TB 3,07 TB 3,08 TB Qua Bang 1 cho thay. kJ nang giai quyit vien d^t 6 muc trung binh, voi diem trung THCVD trong boat dpng hpc tap ciia sinh binh la 3,08. Danh gia chung ve ki nang giii
86 TAP CHi LUAT H(X: SO 2/2020
quyet THCVD trong hogt dgng hgc tgp cua sinh vien qua cac cdc tiau chi cho thdy, miic dp ki ndng gidi quyat THCVD ndy cua cdc sinh vian d miic trung binh (69,3%) vd mirc khd (20,2%); c6 mgt sd it sinh vien tha hipn d miic ylu (10,5%); khdng cd smh vian ndo thi hipn d miic tot vd miic kam. Cd bdn tiau chi ddnh gid ciia kT ndng gidi quyat THCVD trong hogt dgng hgc tgp cua sinh vian dau d mirc trung binh. Diau nay cd nghia sinh vian da c6 kl ndng gidi quyat THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc tgp, cd kT ndng nhan dipn, phan tich chinh xdc mpt phan cdc tinh hudng trong hogt dpng hpc tgp quen thupc, da lya chgn dupe phuong dn toi uu de gidi quylt THCVD nhung van cdn nhirng phuang dn khong phii hgp. Vdi phuang dn lya chpn, sinh vien da xdy dyng dugc ka hogch da trien khai nhung chua day du, chinh xdc, cdn mpt so sai sdt. Qud trinh thyc hipn da bdt lung tiing nhimg chua hodn toan thdnh thgo, cdn mat nhiau thdi gian va mgc du da bin Cling nhdc nhung vdn cdn ggp mpt sd khd khdn khi di chuyan qua nhirng tinh hudng hpc tgp khdc. Ket qud ndy dugc kiam chdng qua vipc phdng van sdu, cu tha sinh vian V.N.D. cho biat: "Dung tnrac nhirng tinh huong tht^ tiin gidng viin dgt ra chua the trd idi dupe, cdc bdi tgp lan chua tim dupe hudng gidi quyit vd cdc vdn di li thuyet khong biet cdch dp diing tren thirc te... ":
sinh vian N.D.T.V. chia sa: "Lirang kiin thuc cho mpt mdn hpc qud nhieu trong thai gian ngdn dgc bi^t vdi cdc mdn nhiiu tin ehi nen vi^c tdng hpp, dn tgp kiin thirc gap nhieu khd khan, han nira em chira biit edeh sap xep thai gian dn tgp cdc bdi hoe mpt cdch hgp li nen din nhiing ki thi em thirang
gap vdn de "qud tdi" kien thuc, dan din viec stress vd dp lijrc, chdn ndn trong vi^c hpc".
So sdnh kat qud giira ba tiau chi danh gid cua ki ndng gidi quylt THCVD vdi nhau cho tiidy tinh chinh xdc xap bgc cao nhat, tilp dan Id tinh linh hogt vd thap nhdt Id tinh thuan thyc.
Phan tich theo timg tiau chi ddnh gid cho thdy:
Tinh chinh xdc ciia kT ndng gidi quylt THCVD trong hogt dgng hgc tgp ciia sinh vian dgt miic dg trung binh, vdi diam tmng binh Id 3,14. Diau ndy cho thay, sinh vien dd Idm dung, day dii cdc ngi dung ciia kT nang vd chi trpi ban phdn chua Idm diing, chinh xdc khdng nhiau.
Tinh linh boat cua kT ndng gidi quylt THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc tgp ciia sinh vien dgt a miic trung binh, vdi diim trung binh Id 3,07. Nhu vay, sinh vian c6 tbl thay ddi trinh ty, ngi dung ciia cdc thao tdc trong kT nang phii hgp mpt phdn vdi hodn cdnh, diau kipn thyc ta nhimg chi cd the vgn dyng trong mpt sd hodn cdnh, diau kipn quen thupc.
Tinh thudn thyc cua kT ndng gidi quyat THCVD trong hogt dgng hpc tap ciia sinh vian dat d miic trung binh, vdi diam tmng binh la 3,03. Sinh vian thyc hipn dugc cdc ngi dung cua kT ndng nhung cdn nhiau limg tung, chua thdnh thao vd tdn khd nhieu thdi gian. Sy thiau thudn thuc khi thyc hien kT nang giai quyet THCVD trong boat dpng hgc tap cdn dugc phdn dnh trong kat qud phdng van sau, cu tha sinh vian N.D.T. cho biat: "Khd ndng gidi quyet cdc bdi tap tinh hudng ciia em cdn chua thuc su nhanh ";
hay sinh vian V.T.T. cho rdng: "Ki ndng gidi quyit THCVD trong hogt dpng hpe tap aia em khdng cao bai khi dimg trudc mpt
TAP CHi LUAT HOC S6 2/2020 87
PAD TAP
THCVD em thuang limg tung khdng biet minh cdn bdt ddu tir ddu vd khdng cd hudng gidi quyit vdn de dd mpt cdch tri4t di"
Mpt sd sinh vian khdc mdc dii thyc hipn qud trinh gidi quyat THCVD da bdt liing timg.
Cling nhdc nhung van chira dn djnh, smh vian T.B.H N chia sa: "Khi ggp mpt vdn de bdt nga, nhir khi thdy cd gido bdt nga dua ra cdu hdi cho em. em thuang khd lung tung, thgm chi cdn bf run, phdi cdn mpt it thai gian de trdn tinh Igi mai cd the suy So do 1. Mdi tuong quan giira ba tiau ch
trong hogt dgng hgc
nghi vi tinh hudng dd \-d tim cdch dien dgt.
trinh bdv cdu trd Idi ". ^ Ba nau chi ddnh gid kT ndng giai quyet
THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc tgp cua sinh vian cd m6i lian hp sdi nhau nhu the nao, lipu Chung cd tuong quan hay tdch bipt, dgc Igp vdi nhau?
Ket qud phdn tich moi tuong quan ba tiau chi ddnh gia kT ndng giai quylt THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc tgp cua sinh vien dugc trinh bay d So do 1 sau ddy.
li ddnh gid kT ndng gidi quylt THCVD tgp ciia sinh vian
Ghi chu. r*'khip< 0.01 Kit qud So dd I cho thdy, ba tiau chi ddnh
gid nay dau cd mdi quan bp qua Igi tucmgddi chgt che vd khdng kbit \di nhau (p < 0,01).
Moi mgt dau cd mdi quan hp tuong quan cd y nghia ve mgt thdng ka vdi cdc mdt khdc.
Tat cd cdc hp so tuang quan deu Idn ban 0 cho bilt chilu ciia cac moi tuong quan ndy la quan h? ti Ip thugn, nghia la khi miic dp ciia mgt tiau chi danh gia md tang thi no dau ddng gdp cho miic dg tang ciia kT nang gidi quylt THC\''D trong hogt dpng hpc tap ciia sinh vian ndi chung vd ngugc lai.
Tuy nhian, dp mgnh ciia cdc mdi nrong quan na\ Igi khdng ddng nhat giira ba tiau chi danh gid. Cy tiia, trong tdt cd cac mdi tucmg 88
quan thi mdi tuang quan giira tinh linh hogt vd tinh thuan thyc cd hp sd tuang quanldn nhat va theo chilu tiiugn (r = 0,825, p < 0,01).
NghTa la kT nang gidi quyet THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc tap ciia sinh vian cdng linh hogt thi cang tdn it thdi gian te hoan thdnh nhipm vy. Diau nay hodn toan hgp li bdi tinh linh boat the hien sinh vien it liing timg khi di chuyan kT ndng sang cdc tinh hudng khac nhau, it gap khd khan nan thdi gian sir dyng se it ban so vdi cac trudng hgp lung tiing vd gap nhiau cdn trd. Tiap theo Id mdi tuong quan giua tinh thuan thyc vdi tinh chinh xac (r - 0,773, p < 0,01). Dilu nay cho thdy vipc thyc hipn chinh xac, day dii cdc thao tdc se TAP CHl LUAT HQC S 6 2/2020
giiip cho qud trinh thyc bipn kT ndng gidi quylt tinh huong cd van da trong hogt dgng hgc tgp dien ra thuan Ipri vd nhanh chdng. tir dd se khdng phdi tdn qud nhiau thdi gian.
Thii ba Id mdi tuong quan giira tinh chinh xdc vd tinh linh hogt (r = 0,744, p < 0,01).
Nhu vgy, cdc sinh vien cd kT ndng gidi quyat THCVD trong hogt dgng hgc tgp cang chinh xdc thi cung cd tinh linh hogt cao.
Xem xat cy tha ban cdc kT ndng thdnh phdn cho thay cd 4 nhdm kT ndng thdnh phan deu d muc tiimg binh nhung cdc kT ndng thanh phan Id khdng dong deu, cy tha: nhdm kT ndng kT ndng phan tich THCVD vd nhdm kT ndng lya chpn phuang dn gidi quylt THCVD cao nhat diu cd diim tiimg binh Id 3,09 (cd 25% sd sinh vian dgt d mirc khd, 62,4% miic trung birtii vd 12,6% mdc ylu),
tiap dan nhdm kT nang nhgn dipn tinh huong cd van da vdi diam trung binh Id 3,08 (cd 20,2% sd sinh vidn dgt d miic khd, 69,3%
miic trung binh vd 10,5% miic yeu) vd cudi cimg Id nhdm kJ nang te xuat, sdp xIp phuang dn gidi quylt THCVD vdi diim trung binh Id 3,07 (cd 18,6% s i sinh vien dgt d mirc kha, 69,5% miic trung binh vd 11,9%
muc yau).
Cdu bdi dugc dgt ra Id cdc kT ndng thdnh phdn thugc cdu tnic ciia kT ndng gidi quylt THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc tgp ciia sinh vian cd mdi lian hp ch$t che vdi nhau khdng hay van cd sy dpc lap nhdt djnh?
Kat qud phdn tich mdi tuong quan giira cac kT ndng thdnh phdn ciia kT nang gidi quyet THCVD trong hogt dgng hgc tgp ciia sinh vian dugc trinh bdy d Sa do 2.
Sff do 2. Moi tuang quan giua cdc kT ndng thdnh phdn ciia kT ndng gidi quyat THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc tap ciia sinh vian
Ky nfing giai quyet THCVD
I - 0,748"
Ky Ding phSn tich TH( :VD
r_= 0 . 8 2 4 J V
r = 0,785»'
r - 0 , 6 3 4 "
Ky niSng 6i xudt, s i p xep phinrag iin
GQTHCVD difnTHCVB
Ky nang 1 ^ chQn pbiromg i n GQTHCVD
Ghi chu: r" Ithip < 0.01
TAP CHt LUAT HOC S 6 2/2020 89
Kat qua tha hipn d So dd 2 cho thdy. cac kl ndng thanh phdn ciia kT ndng gidi quyet THCVD trong hogt dgng hgc tgp ciia smh vian dau cd mdi tuang quan vdi nhau d miic tuong ddi chgt che. Moi kT ndng thanh phdn dau cd tuang quan cd y nghTa ve mdt thdng ka vt^i cdc kT ndng thdnh phan khdc. Dilu dd cho phap chimg minh rdng, kT ndng giai quyet THCVD trong hogt dpng hgc tap ciia sinh vian Id sy thdng nhdt giira bdn kT ndng thdnh phdn, mdi kT ndng thdnh phan ludn ludn tdn tgi trong mdi lian bp nhdt djnh vdi cdc kT ndng thdnh phan khdc.
Tdt cd hp so mong quan dau ducmg cho biat, chiau ciia cdc moi tuong quan ndy Id quan bp ti Ip thugn. Do dd, neu sinh vien nao da thyc hipn tdt mpt kT ndng thdnh phdn thi se thyc hipn tdt 3 kT ndng thdnh phdn cdn Igi.
Ngugc Igi, nau sinh vian thyc hipn khdng tot mpt kT ndng thdnh phdn thi ba kT nang thdnh phan kia ciing khdng thyc hipn tdt.
Tuy nhian. dp mgnh ciia cdc mdi tuong quan ndy Igi khdng ddng nhdt giira cac kT ndng thdnh phdn. Cy tha, trong tdt cd cdc moi tuong quan thi mdi tuong quan giiia kT ndng de xudt, sdp xep phuang dn giai quyat THCVD vdi kT ndng lya chpn phuong dn giai quyat THCVD cd hp sd tucmg quan Idn nhdt (r = 0,858, p < 0,01). Tilp tiieo Id mdi tuong quan giira ki ndng phan tich THCVD vdi kT ndng da xuat, sap xap phuong an gidi quylt tinh hudng cd vdn te (r = 0,824, p <
0,01). Thii ba Id mdi tuong quan giiia kT ndng phdn tich THCVD vdi kT ndng lua chgn phuong dn gidi quyat THCVD (r = 0,785, p
< 0,01). Thii tu la mdi tuong quan giira kT ndng nhgn dipn THCVD vdi kT nang phdn tich THCVD (r = 0,748, p < 0,01). Cudi
ciing, mdi tuang quan giira ki ndng n _ dipn THCVD vdi kT ndng dl xudt. sdp xep phuong an gidi qu\ct THC\ D (r - ' '^
< 0,01). Dilu nay cd nghTa la, khi sinh vien cd kT ndng dl xudt. sdp xIp phirOTg ^^ ^'^l quylt THC\D cang tdt tiii sa mang den ki ndng lya chgn phuang dn gidi quyat THCVD cdng tdt. Ddng tiidi. khi sinh cd kT ndng phan tich tinh hudng cdng tdt tiii cdng cd kj ndng dl xuat, sdp xIp phuang an giai quyet tinh hulng va kT ndng lya chpn phuang dn giai quylt tinh hudng tdt.
Trong bdn ki ndng tiidnh phdn thi kT ndng dl xudt, sdp xIp phuong an gidi quyat THCW) cd moi tuong quan mgnh nhdt vdi kT nang gidi quylt THCVD {r = 0,935, p < 0,01); tilp din kT ndng phdn tich tinh hudng (r = 0,926, p < 0,01); vj tri thii ba id kT nang lya chgn phuang dn gidi quylt tinh hudng cd van de (r = 0,914, p < 0,01); cudi cung Id kT nang nhgn dipn THCVD (r = 0,840, p < 0,01).
Dilu nay mpt Idn nira khdng djnh sy thdng nhdt bipn chung giua cdc kT ndng thanh phan vdi kT ndng gidi quyat THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc tgp ciia sinh vian, sy thay ddi kT ndng thdnh phan nay se la ca sd cho sy thay ddi kl ndng thanh phan kia. Ddc bipt, nau smh vian chii y ren luypn kT nang phan tich tinh hudng vd kT nang da xuat, sdp xIp cdc phuang dn gidi quyat THCVD thi kT ndng giai quylt THCVD trong hogt dgng hpc tgp cua sinh vien se dugc cdi thien.
2.2. So sdnh kj ndng gidi quyit tinh hudng cd vdn de trong hogt dpng hpc tgp cua sinh viin theo cdc biin dpc lap
Khi so sdnh diam trung binh ciia kT ndng gidi quylt THCVD trong hogt dgng hgc tgp cua sinh vian bang cdc phep phan tich
90 TAP CHi LUAT HOC S6 2/2020
DAO TAO bidependent Sample T-test vd Anova, thu
dugc mgt so kit qud ddng luu y (Bdng 2).
Bdng 2. So sdnh sy khdc bipt va kT ndng gidi quyet THCVD trong hogt dgng hgc tgp cua sinh vian theo cdc bien dpc lap
Tiiu chi Gidi tinh
NSm hpc
Ket qud tiQctlip
Nh6m Nam
Nii N5m thu nhat
Nam thir hai Nam thii ba
Gioi Kha Trung binh
DTB 3,12 3,07 3,03 3,06 3,15 3,34 3,09 2,95
P 0,399
0,019
0,00
So sdnh T-test cho thay, giira sinh vian nam va sinh vien nii khong cd sy khac bipt vl kl ndng gidi quylt THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc tgp (p > 0,05). Diam trung binh vl kl ndng gidi quyat THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc tgp ciia sinh vian nam vd sinh vian nu la tuong duang vdi nhau (vdi diem trung binh lan lugt Id 3,12 vd 3,07).
- Theo ndm hpc
Ket qud so sdnh giira sinh vien ndm thii ba vdi sinh vian nam thii nhat vd sinh vien nam thii hai cho thay cd sy khdc biet ve kT ndng gidi quylt THCVD trong hogt ddng hpc tgp (p < 0,05), cy tbl: sinh vian nam tini ba tiiyc hipn kT nang giai quylt THCVD trong hogt dpng hgc tap tdt nhdt vdi diim tnmg binh Id 3,15; siitii vien nam tini nhdt vd nfim thir hai thyc hipn kT nang ndy diu kem hon so vdi sinh vian nam thii ba (vdi diam tnmg binh lan lugt la 3,03 va 3,06). Dilu ndy lK>dn todn phii hgp vdi thyc tl, sinh vien nam thii ba dd cd thdi gian dai dugc hgc cdc mdn
hpc, qua dd lam quen vdi ngdnh nghi, giup cho hg cd kian thiic, thdi dg, kT nang hpc tgp tdt ban so v<7i sinh vien ndm thii nhat vd ndm thii hai. Theo chia se cua L.H.L. sinh vian nam thii nhdt: "Khi mai Iin dgi hpc, em rdt ba nga, tdt cd deu tra nin mdi me ddi vai em, em hi chodng ngap. khi dpc gido trinh npi dung chucmg trinh mpt chuang qud ddi, em khd ed thi tu thu ngp kiin thue md thdy cd mudn truyen tdi; khd khdn trong viec ddng ki mdn hpc; trong qud trinh gidng dgy, cdc thdy cd luat bdi rdt nhanh vd moi bdi Id mpt gidng vien khdc bdt bupc em phdi thich nghi theo phong each truyin dgt cua moi thdy cd do dd em khdng the theo kip bdi hpc". Sinh vian V.T.N, nam thir ba cho rdng:
"Hpc tgp theo hinh thirc tin chi nin thdi gian bf rdt ngdn, tren Idp gidng vien khdng thi truyen dgt kiin thirc mpt edeh day du, moi thdy cd se cd cdch gidng dgy vd dua ra nhirng y kien khdc nhau. do dd sinh vien phdi tu hpc, tir nghiin ciru Id chinh vd cd the trao ddi vai ban be cUng nhu tim su giiip dd aia thdy cd". Diau nay mpt Idn niia khdng djnh kT nang gidi quyat THCVD trong hogt dgng hpc tap phu thupc nhiau vao kinh nghiem, hieu biat cua sinh vian ve nhiing yeu cau ciia hogt dgng hpc tap.
- Theo ket qud hgc tap
Kat qua so sdnh giua cac nhdm sinh vien cd kat qud hgc tap khac nhau cho thay cd sy khdc cd y nghia thdng ka (p < 0,05), cy the:
nhdm sinh vien cd hgc luc gidi thyc hipn kT ndng gidi quyat THCVD trong boat dpng hpc tap tdt nhdt (vdi DTB ^ 3,34); tiap tiieo la nhdm sinh vian cd hgc lyc kha (vdi DTB = 3,09) vd nhdm sinh vian cd bgc luc trung binh thyc hien kl nang gidi quylt THCVD trong
TAP CHi LUAT H(X^ SO 2/2020 91
DAO TAO
dp kT nSng giai quy^t THCND trong ho»t dpng hgc tip khi cic yeu to nay thay dot. ^
ic yeu to ho?t dpng hpc tap kem nhit (vori DTB = 2,95).
2.3. Anh huang cua cdc yeu to den la ndng gidi quyet tinh huong co van de trong hogt dpng hoc lap cua sinh vien
De phan tich muc dp anh hirong cua cac yeu to den ki nang giai quyet THCVD tiong ho^t dpng hpc t^p cija sinh vien da tien hanh tim hieu moi tuong quan giira cac yeu to nay va dira ra mpt so d\r bao ve su thay doi muc
SOT ah 3. Moi tumig quan giira cac yeu to v * ki nSng giai quyet THCVD trong ho^t dpng hpc t^p cua sinh vien
Kha nSng nr duy I 2.3.1. Moi nrong quan giua cii ^ v6i ki ning giai quyet tinh huong co van de trong ho(it dpng hpc t?p ciia sinh vien ^
M6i tuong quan cua timg yeu to den ki ning giai quyCn THCVD trong hopt dpng hpc t4p cua sinh vien dupe bi^u bifn £r So do 3 ducri day.
Hiju biet v6 hofit dpng hpc tap va ng^nh nghe Thai dp, dpng co hpc tjp
Nhan thiJrc THCVD Npi dung mon hpc Phuang phdp gidng d^y
Bau khong khi tam li Chi chO: r" Ichip< 0,01
S6 lipu dupe bieu thj 6 Sa do 3 cho thay, cdc yeu to deu co moi tuong quan thuan, co y nghia vcri kl nang giai quySt THCVD trong ho^t dpng hpc tip cua sinh vien (r dao dpng tir 0,19 d^n 0,505). Trong tit ca cac mdi tuong quan giira cac yeu to vcri kl nang giai quyet THCVD trong ho?t dpng hpc t|p cua sinh vien thi yeu to kha nSng tu duy cua sinh
vien CO moi tucmg quan manh nhat (r = 0,505, p < 0,01); tilp din yeu t6 hieu bilt vl ho^t dpng hpc tip va nghi nghipp (r = 0,348, p < 0,01); thir ba la yeu to thai dp, dpng co hpc tap (r = 0,327, p < 0,01); thir tu la ylu to nh|n thirc THCVD (r = 0,234, p < 0,01); thir nam la ylu to npi dung mon hpc (r = 0,226, p < 0,01); thu sau la yeu t6 phucmg phap TAP CHl LUAT HOC S6 2/2020
D.40 TAO gidng dgy (r = 0,190, p < 0,01); ylu td bdu khdng
khi cd moi tuong quan yau nhat (r = 0,170, p < 0,01). Dieu ndy cd nghTa la nau sinh vian c6 khd ndng tu duy tdt, hiau biat tdt ve ngdnh n^e, thdi dg hgc tap tich eye, dpng co hgc tgp diing ddn, khd nang nhgn thurc THCVD tot, npi dung mdn hgc phii hgp, phuong phdp giang dgy vd bdu khdng khi tdm li tich eye thi kT ndng gidi quyet THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc tgp cua sinh vian se dugc nang cao.
Ngugc Igi, nau khd ndng tu duy, hiau bilt tot ve nghe nghipp ciia sinh vian hgn che, thai dp hpc tgp khdng tich eye, dpng ca hpc tgp khong dung ddn, khd nang nhgn thiic THCVD hgn cha, npi dung mdn hpc khdng phii hgp, phuang phdp gidng dgy vd bau
khdng khi tdm li khdng tich eye thi kT ndng gidi quylt THCVD trong hogt dgng hgc tgp ciia sinh vidn se bj hgn chi, sinh vian gdp nhilu lung tiing khi gap cdc THCVD ndi chung vd THCVD trong hogt dgng hgc tgp ndi riang.
2.3.2. Dy bdo miic dg dnh dnh hudng ciia cdc yau td dan kT ndng gidi quylt tinh hudng CO van da trong hogt dpng hpc tgp cua sinh vian
Phan tich bdi quy nham tim ra nhirng yau td cd dnh hudng mgnh din kT ndng gidi quyat THCVD trong hogt dgng hgc tgp ciia sinh vian. Ket qud phan tich cho thay cd 7 yau td cd khd nang dy bdo cao nhat sy biln thian kT ndng gidi quylt THCVD trong hogt dpng hgc tgp ciia sinh vian (Bdng 3).
Bdng 3. Dy bdo sy thay ddi kT ndng gidi quylt THCVD trong hogt dpng hgc tgp ciia sinh vien dudi tdc dgng ciia mpt sd ylu td
Cdc biln d$c Idp: Cdc yeu t6 Bien phy thupc - KI ndng gidi quylt THCVD trong hogt d$ng hpc t | p (R^) I. Dan nhat
1. KM nfing tu duy
2. Hieu bilt vl hogt dpng hpc tap vd ngdnh nghe 3. Thdi dp vd dpng co hpc tgp
4. Nhgn thiic tinh huong c6 van dl 5. Npi dimg mon hpc 6. Phuong phdp gidng dgy 7. Bau khong khi tam H
//. Tdng hpp (Khd ndng tu duy + Hiiu biet ve hogt dgng hpc tgp vd ngdnh nghe + Thdi dp vd dpng ca hpc tgp + Nhgn thirc THCVD + Npi dung mdn hpc + Phuang phdp gidng dgy + Bdu khong khi tdm li)
0,255"' 0,121*"
0,107"*
0,055*"
0,051*"
0,036'"
0,029*"
0,319'"
Ghi chu: R - H^ sd hdi quy bgc nhdt; :khip< 0,001 Ket qud phan tich hdi quy bgc nhdt cho
tliay, t^t cd 7 ylu td dugc xem xat cd tbl dy Mo dugc kT ndng gidi quylt THCVD ti-ong Iwgt ddng hgc tgp ciia sinh vian nhung d cac
miic dp khdc nhau. Trong dd, yau td cd tdc dgng manh nhat den kT nang gidi quyet THCVD trong boat dgng hgc tap cua sinh vien Id yeu td kha nang tu duy cua sinh vien
TAP CHi LUAT HQC S6 2/2020 93
DAO TAO
(giai thich dugc khodng 25,5% sy biln ddi ciia kT ndng gidi quyai THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc tap cua sinh vian vdi p < 0,001);
tiap dan Id yau td hiau biat ve hogt dgng hgc tgp va ngdnh nghe ciia sinh vien (gidi thich dugc khoang 12,1% vdi p < 0,001); thu ba Id yau td thai dp vd dgng ca hgc tap ciia sinh vian (gidi thich dugc khoang 10,7% vdi p <
0,001); tiiu nr la ylu td nhgn tiiirc THCVD (gidi thich dugc khoang 5,5% vdi p < 0,(K)1);
thii nam Id yau to ngi dung mdn hgc (gidi thich dugc khoang 5,1% vdi p < 0,001); Uiir sdu la y l u to phuong phdp (gidi thich dugc khoang 3,6% vdi p < 0,001) vd tdc dpng ylu nhat la yau td bdu khdng khi tam li (gidi tiiich dugc khodng 2,9% vdi p < 0.001). Khi kat hgp tat cd cdc yau to cho thdy mirc dp dy bdo kl ndng gidi quyat THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc t ^ ciia sinh vian tdng tan dan 31,9%. Tac dgng ciia sy kat hgp cua tat cd cdc yeu to cho thdy kT ndng giai quyat THCVD trong hogt dgng hgc tap cua sinh vian bian ddi mpt cdch mgnh ma hon so vdi tac dgng ciia timg yeu td riang le. Dieu nay ciing phii hgp vai mong mudn ciia sinh vian khi bp dugc chia se: "Sinh viin edn cd y thirc chu dpng han trong viec hpc tap cdng nhu ed y thirc trau ddi. bd sung thim kien thirc. Id ndng gidi quyet tinh hudng; ludn cd thdi dp ham hpc hdi. khdng e nggi sai; tich cue ren luyen cdc kT nang mim; gidng viin edn ddi mdi phirang phdp gidng dgy de tgo duac su sdi ndi, himg thu trong hpc tap cho sinh viin, ddng thdi tgo diiu kien tdt nhdt di mpi sinh diu cd ca hpi the hi^n minh" (sinh vian D.K.L. nam thu hai); "Bdn thdn sinh vien cdn tich arc chii dpng tu duy, ren luyen Id ndng gidi quyet tinh hudng cd vdn de. Gidng vien
can CO cac c cphtrang thtic gidng dgy " * / " " ^ ^ vi ren luyfn kindng mem cho sitih vien: c « trpng cdc vdn dS ap dgng thgc tien nhieu hon li thuyil: huang sinh vien tich a.K phot bleu du sai hav dun^ ihav vi tgo dp Ivc W '™ '<"
sai se bi tru didm nhu vgy --e rdt it sinh vten ddmphdibiiu. Idmlisascl. rglre. thu dpng"
(sinh vien L.P.T. ndm thu nhat); "Sinh vien cdn hpc cdch chti dpng trong mpi tinh huong.
ren luyfn cho bdn thdn sti binh tinh, khong lung tiing khi ggp nhiing tinh hudng bat nga:
Irong cdc gia gidng tren lap. ngodi truyen dgt nhiing kiin thirc ca bdn gidng vien cdn dgy cho sinh vien cdch gidi quyet nhOng tinh huong vd can chu trpng han niia den vi(C phdt triin cdc ki ndng gidi quyet tinh huong thifc ti: nhd truang cdn md cdc lap boi duang ki ndng mim cho sinh vien ve cdch gidi quyit cdc tinh huong trong cupc song"
(sinh vien P.T.Y. nam thir ba).
3. Ket luan vd k i l n nghi 3.1. Kit ludn
Tren co so phan tich cdc kit qua nghien cim, CO the nit ra mpt so ket luan sau day:
Thu nhdt, ki nang giai quyet THCVD trong hoat dpng hpc tap ciia sinh vien dat 6 mirc trung binh tren ca ba tieu chi chinh xdc, linh hoat, thuan thyc. Ca ba tieu chi ndy deu CO moi tucmg quan chat che voi nhau, Bon nh6m kT nang thdnh phan deu dat 6 muc trung binh va co moi tuong quan c h | t che voi nhau.
Thir hai, xet theo timg bien so, sinh vien nam thu ba thuc hipn kT nang giai quylt THCVD t i t hon so vtiri sinh nam thir hai vd sinh vien nam thir nhdt. Theo hpc luc, nhom sinh vien co hpc luc gioi thuc hipn kT nang giai quylt THCVD Uong hojt dpng hpc tap t i t nhdt, tilp theo la nhom sinh vien co hpc
94 TAP CHi LUAT HQC S 6 2/2020
DAO TAO lyc khd va nhdm sinh vian cd hpc lyc trung
binh tiiyc hipn kT ndng gidi quylt THCVD trong hogt dpng hgc tap kam nhat. Giiia sinh vien nam vd sinh vian nir khdng cd sy khdc bi?t vl kT ndng gidi quylt THCVD trong hogt dpng hgc tgp.
Thir ba, tdt ca cdc yau td dau dnh hudng den kT nang gidi quylt THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc tgp cua sinh vian. Trong do, yau td kbd ndng tu duy ciia sinh vien cd dnh hudng m^nh nhdt din kT ndng gidi quylt THCVD trong hogt dpng hgc tap ciia sinh vian, tiep theo Id ylu to hieu biat ve boat dgng hgc tap vd nghe nghipp. Anh hudng ciia sy kat hgp ciia tat cdc yeu td cho thay kT nang gidi quyat THCVD trong boat dgng hgc tap cua sinh vien biln ddi mpt cdch mgnh me ban so vdi anh hudng ciia tiing ylu td rieng le.
3.2. Kiin nghj
Til nhCrng kat qud nghian ciiu h-en cd tha dua ra mpt sd kiln nghj nham nang cao kT nfing gidi quyet THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc tgp ciia sinh vian nhu sau:
Thu nhdt, ddi vdi Trudng
- Nhd tnrdng can xdy dyng ngi dung chuang trinh cy tha bode long ghap nhiing npi dung nhu: nang cao nhgn thuc ciia sinh vian ve tdm quan trpng ciia kT nang giai quyet THCVD trong hpc tap; md rpng vdn kien thiic cho sinh vien, d$c bipt la nhirng kian thiic khoa hgc da dupe kiam chiing ciing nhu nhimg kien thiic nfim ngodi sdch vd; tao nhiau co hpi thyc hdnh da sinh vian vgn dung, luyen tap va phat trien kT ndng gidi quylt THCVD cho bdn tiian;
- Td chiic bdi duong chuyen de ve kT ning gidi quylt THCVD ti-ong hogt dgng bpc tgp ciia sinh vien. Dgc bipt, ddi vdi sinh vien ndm thii nhat, nha trudng cdn td chiic
tog ddm trao ddi \e ngdnh ngha vd phuong phap hpc lap ngay tir nhiing mdn hpc dau tidn;
- Tang cudng sy gidm sat da kiam sodt bdu khdng khi trong Idp hgc nhu: thudng xuyan ddnh gia gid hgc, danh gia chat lugng gidng day, dartii gid ndng lyc vd phdm chdt ciia gidng vian tir phia sinh vian;
- Thudng xuyan cung cap day dii cdc thdng tin ve yen cau ddo tgo nhu: quy cha, ngi dung va chucmg trinh dao tgo cho sinh vian theo nhiau kanh khdc nhau.
Thir hai, toi vai gidng vien
- Can tich eye, chii dgng ddi mdi phuang phdp gidng day nham phdt huy tdi da tinh tich eye, chii dgng va sdng tgo cua sinh vien theo hudng hinh thdnh, phdt trien nang lyc ty thyc hipn cua ngudi hgc, trong dd chii trgng den kT nang gidi quyet THCVD trong hogt dgng bgc tap;
- Trong qua trinh gidng day trdn Idp, giang vian can Idng ghap gidi thipu ve yau cdu cua hogt dgng hpc tgp ciing nhu nganh ngha minh tham gia ddo tao cho sinh vian thdng qua cdc bai hgc, mdn hpc cy tha; giai thich rd yau cau ciia hogt dpng hgc tgp bang each neu rd tieu chi trudc khi bat ddu ttmg mdn hgc, bdi hgc; dua ra yeu cau va tiau chi danh gia chat lugng thyc hipn cua sinh vien trong mdi hogt dpng nhu thuyet trinh, lam vipc nhdm, lam bai tap hgc ki...; td chiic cac hoat ddng de sinh vien cd tha thyc hdnh giai quyat cac THCVD nay sinh trong chinh hoat ddng cua bdn than;
- Nhiet tinh, tam huyat giang day dl truyan cam hiing vdo bai giang tren lop giup cho sinh vian thay dugc y nghTa cua mdn hgc; lang nghe sinh vian, cd thdi do tdn trpng y kien cua sinh vien, khich Ip smh
TAP CHi LUAT H(X; S6 2/2020 95
DAO TAO
vien dua ra quandiem riang, cho phap sinh vian phdn bipn gido trinh vdi gdc nhin khoa hpc da tgo ra bdu khdng khi cdi md. thodi mdi trong lop hgc.
Thu ba, ddi vdi sinh vian
- Cdn y thiic dugc tdm quan trgng cua kT ndng gidi quyat THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc tap, tii dd cd thdi dp tich eye, chu dpng ren luypn kT ndng gidi quyat THCVD cho bdn than, nhdt Id kT ndng phdn tich tinh hudng vd kl ndng da xudt, sap xap cdc phuong an gidi quyet THCVD thdng qua vipc nhdn dipn dugc tinh hudng ciing nhu lya chgn dugc phuang dn tdi uu gidi quylt van da;
- Can xac djnh dugc myc tiau hpc tgp rd rang, Igp ka hogch hpc tgp cho ban than tir nam thii nhdt cho din khi tdt nghipp. Kl hogch hgc tgp phdi cd Ip trinh rd rdng, dong thdi chu dgng tim hiau ngdnh nghe dang theo bgc, xdy dyng hinh mau ngha nghipp Idm dpng lyc cho bdn tiidn, tir dd trau roi kian thiic da dap iing vdi ngha nghipp cua trong tuong lai;
- Chii dpng tim hiau cdc quy djnh lian quan dan chuong trinh, ngi dung vd hinh thiic ddo tgo ciia trudng;
- Chu dpng tgo himg thii hgc tgp cho bdn than, suy nghT tich eye vd no lyc tim kiim gidi phap dl khdc phyc nhirng khd khan trong bgc tgp;
- Thay ddi thdi quen, phucmg phap h(?c tgp cii. hinh thdnh phuong phdp hgc tgp tich eye, chu dgng, sdng tgo da gidi quylt cac THCVD trong hogt dgng hpc tap cua bdn thdn;
- Chu dgng tim kiim sy giiip dd tir thdy cd, bgn ba vd cac anh chj khoa trudc khi ggp cdc THCVD ti-ong hogt dgng hgc tgp ciia bdn than./.
TAI LI$U THAM KHAO 1. Ngu>wi Ngsv Bao. Nguyen E)inh Chinh, Thi/c
hdnh gido dgc hpc, Nxb. Gido dye, 1989.
2. Cindy. E.Hmelo. Problem - Based learning:
What and how do students learn?
Educational Psychology- Review, 2004,
Vol.16. No 3. ^ 3. Phan Dung. Gidi quyit vdn de vd ra quyet
djnh - Bp sdch gidi thifu phuang phdp lugn sdng tgo vd doi mai, Nxb. Dgi hpc Quoc gia Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, 2012.
4. D§ng Thanh Hung, Dgy hpc hi^n dgi: Li lugn ' bi4n phdp - kt thugt, Nxb. Dgi hgc Qudc gia Hd Npi, 2004.
5. D^g Thdnh Hung, "Ndng lyc vd gido dye theo tilp cgn ndng lyc", Tgp chi Qudn ligido dgc, sd 43/2012.
6. Nguyen Ky, "Biln qud trinh dgy hgc thdnh qua trinh nj hpc", Tgp chi Nghien ciru gido due, so 3/1996.
7. Hodng Thj Quynh Lan, KT ndng gidi quyit THCVD trong hogt dpng hpc tgp cua sinh viin, Lugn dn tian sT tdm li hgc, Hpc vipn Khoa hpc xa hpi, 20! 6.
8. Trdn Thj Qudc Minh, Phdn tich tdm li tinh hudng trong quan hi giiia gido vien vd tri mdu gido., Ludn an tiln sT, Dgi hge su pham Ha Npi I, 1996.
9. Tran Thj Tii Quyen, KT ndng gidi quyet cdc tinh hudng qudn li hpc viin Hpc vi^n Chinh tr\ khu vuc I - Hpc vi^n Chinh tri qudc gia Hd Chi Minh, Lugn dn tiln sT tam li hpc, Vipn Tam li hgc, 2006.
10. Vu Van Tao, Dgy hpc gidi quyit vdn de mpt huang ddi mai trong cdng tdc gido due, ddo tao, hudn luy?n, Trudng Cdn bg quan li giao dye vd ddo tgo, 1996.
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