Nguyen Due Thanh Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 81(05): 115
DANH GIA DAC DIEM NANG SUAT CUA TAP DOAN GIONG LUA CAN THU THAP TAI
M O TSO TINH MIEN NUI PHIA BAC
V I E TNAM
Nguyen Due Thanh Trudng DH Nong Lam - DH Thdi Nguyen
TOM
TATThi nghiem danh gia tap doan gidng Ida can gdm 223 gidng thu thap tu mot sd tinh mien nui phia Bac Viet Nam trong vu mda 2009, 2010. Ket qua theo ddi tap doan cd su bien dong rat Idn ve eac yeu td cau thanh nang suat va nang sual. Sd hat chac/bdng dao dgng td 29 hat den tren 150 hat.
Tap trung nhieu nhat la nhdm gidng cd sd hat td 50 den 100 hat chiem ty le cao 65%, nhdm cd sd hat chac dudi 50 hat va tren 150 hat chiem ty le rat thap. Sd hat/bdng dao dgng tu 37,1 den 180,9, sd gidng cd sd hat/bdng nhieu nhat la 50-100 hat, tiep thu 2 la nhom tren 100 hat/bdng. Ty le hat chac dao dpng tu 46,5 den 92,2%, nhdm cd ty le hat chac tu 80%-90% chiem ty le cao nhat 53,4%, dudi 60% va tren 90% chilm ty le rdt thdp. Khdi lugng 1000 hat tu 10,96 din 36,61 g, da sd td 20-30gam chiem ty le 62,8%, nhdm cd khdi lugng hat to tren 30gam cung chiem ty le 30,1%.
Tap doan cd sd bdng/khdm thap dao dgng tu 1,0 den 5,7. Chieu dai bdng cua cac gidng dao dgng tu 14,8 den 28,0 cm, tap trung nhieu d nhdm cd chieu dai tren 25 cm chiem 46,2%. Nang suat ly thuyet cua tap doan gidng bien dgng rat Idn Id 4,85 den 51,6 ta'ha., nhdm gidng cd nang suat dudi 20 ta chiem ty le cao 48,4%, nhdm giong cd nang suat tren 30 ta/ha chi chiem tren 25%. Nang suat thirc thu nhd hon 20 ta/ha tuong doi Idn, chiem ty le 58,%, nhdm cd nang suat tren 30 ta/ha cd ty le thap.
Tu' khoa: Liia cgn, ndng sudi, cdc yeu td cdu ihdnh ndng sudt MO DAU
Tai nguyen cdy Irong Id tdi sdn quy gid cua nhdn loai. Cdng viec bdo tdn vd su dimg cd hieu qud ngudn ldi nguyen ndy Id tien de de nang cao sdn lugng cung nhu chdt lugng cay trdng gdp phdn vdo viec xod ddi gidm ngheo, bao dam an ninh luong thuc vd dng phd vdi bien ddi khi hdu. De duy tri ngudn gen cdy Ida can chdng tdi da thu thap td mot sd tinh mien ndi phia Bac Viet Nam lap dodn gidng Ida can ddng lam vdt lieu cho bgc lap vd nghien cdu cho gidng vien vd sinh vien cda trudng. Song song vdi viec luu giu- nhdm ddm bdo khdng bj xdi mdn mdt mdt ngudn gen thi viec phan lich, ddnh gid ban ddu vd ddnh gid chi tiet cac nguon ^en cay trdng nong nghiep ndi chung vd ngudn gen cdy Ida ndi rieng dang Id nhiem vu dugc ddt ra mot cdch cdp thiet nhdm gdp phan thuc ddy viec khai thdc, sd diing cd hieu qua cdc nguon gen quy md chdng ta dang cd. Ndng sudt Id mot chi tieu tdng hgp de ddnh gid mot giong. Ket qud long hgp cua qua trinh sinh trudng, phdt trien cda cay Ida dugc the hien qua cdc yeu Id cau
• Tel: 0989153954
thdnh ndng suat vd nang sual.. Trong 4 yeu td cdu thdnh ndng sudt: sd bdng tren don vj dien lich, sd bat tren bdng, ty le hat chdc tren bdng vd khdi lugng hat Ihi sd bdng Id yeu td cd tinh chdt quyet dinh nhdt vd sdm nhdl [1]. nhu vdy neu cdc yeu td do tang thi ndng sudt lang vd gidm thi ndng sudt gidm. Tuy nhien cung phdi chd y den moi quan he giua cac yen td de dat dugc sir hdi hod cao nhdl [5]. Cdc gidng Ida khde nhau se cd ndng sudt khde nhau va cung cd cdc yeu td cau thanh ndng sudt khac nhau.
Vi vdy ddnh gid cdc ddc diem ve ndng sudt vd cdc yeu to cdu thdnh ndng sudt cda cdc giong Ida trong tap dodn de tu dd co co- sd cho viec chgn Igc, lai tao cdc giong Ida mdi. Ddng thai la tdi lieu tham khdo ve ngudn gen Ida can tai cdc tinb phia Bac Viet Nam cho giang vien, sinh vien trong trudng.
DOI TUQNG, N Q I DUNG v A PHUONG P H A P NGHIEN CU'U
- Ddi tugng nghien cdu: Tap dodn gidng Ida dugc thu thap tai mgl sd linh mien ndi phia Bde gdm 223 giong.
- Ngi dung nghien cuu: Ddnh gia ddc diem ndng sual cua cac giong Ida trong lap dodn.
Nguyen Ddc Thanh Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 81(05): 115-119 - Phuong phap nghien cuu:
-I- Bo tri thi nghiem khdo sdt tap doan theo phuong phdp eda IRRI (1972).
+ Theo doi cae chi lieu theo lieu chudn ddnh gid ngudn gen cdy Ida cda IRRl [2] vd Kwanchai.AG [4], [5].
-I- Thai gian thi nghiem vu mua nam 2009, 2010.
KET QUA v A T H A O L U A N
Ndng suat Ida dugc quylt djnh bdi ede yeu to:
so bong tren don vi dien tich, so hat chac tren bdng vd khoi lugng 1000 hat. De co ndng sudt cao cdn lac dgng cac bien phap nhu; chgn giong cd ddc tinh de nhdnh nhieu, co ty le nhdnh huu hieu cao, cd ty le hat chac cao vd cd khoi lugng 1.000 hat cao. Cdc bien phdp ky thuat tdc dgng tich ciic den cdc chi lieu tren nhu mat do cay hgp ly, tuoi ma cay, lugng phdn bon, cdch bon phdn, che do tudi nude, phdng tru sdu benh kip thai...
Phan loai giong theo so hat chac/bong va khoi luong 1000 hat
Cdng vdi cbi tieu sd hat chdc/bong, cd the can cu khoi lugng 1.000 hat de phdn loai cac gidng thi nghiem kel qud thu dugc a bdng I.
Qua bang 1 cho thdy: 65,5% long so giong theo doi tbi nghiem cd so bat chac/bong dao dgng lu tren 50 den 100 hat, 22,0% so giong cd sd hat chac/bong nho ho'n 50 hat, vd cd
12,6% s6 giong CO s6 hat chdc/bong tren 100 hat. Trong d6 giSng e6 so hat chac/bdng dat cao nhat 150,8 bat/bong Id giong Thdc nep tbo'm, giong Khau pe 143 hat chac/bong.
Giong CO so hat chac/bong dat thap nhat 29,1 hat/bong la gidng Lua nuong 93, giong Lau chi hang 34,6 hat chdc/bong.
Cdc giong dugc theo doi eo khoi lugng 1000 hat tu 10,96 din 36,6Ig. C6 16 giong cd khoi lugng 1000 hat nho hon va bang 20g (chiem 7,2%o tdng s6 giong). Giong Khdu nudt cd cd khoi lugng 1000 hat thap nhdt 10,96 g, gidng Khau nua deng 12,24g... So lugng gidng co khoi lugng hat tu 20 den 25g chiem ly le nhilu nhat 34,5%o, tiep den Id nhdm cd khoi lugng tu 25 din 30g chiem 28,3%), nhdm cd khdi lugng 30 den 35 g chiem ty le 22,9%.
Nhom ed khoi lugng Idn tren 35 g cd 7,2%, gidng cd khdi lugng eao nhdt la gidng Nep pi tdt deng, giong Nep dau trdng 39,01 g...
Phan loai giong theo so hat/bong va ty le hat chac
So hat tren bdng vd so hat ehde/bdng la nhu'ng ylu td quyet djnh den nang suat Ida. Neu so hat/bdng eao nhung ty le hat ehae thap se anh hudng din nang suat lua. Cae yeu td nay phu thudc vdo gidng lua, dieu kien ngoai canh va ky thuat canh tac. Kit qua theo doi sd hat/bdng, ty le hat chdc dugc trinh bay d bdng 2.
Bang 1. Phan loai gidng theo sd hat chac/bdng va khdi lugng 1000 hat (Don vj: Gidng) So hat
chac/bong
<50.0 50.1 - 100.0
>I00.0 Tong eong Tv If %
Bai
So hat/bdng
<50.0 50.1 -100.0
lOI.O- 150
> 150 Tdng cong Ty le %
<20.0 1 II 4 16 7.2
Khoi luong 20.1-25.0
3 58
16 77 34.5
1000 hat (don vi 25.1-30.0
9 47
7 63 28.3
tinh g) 30.1-35
23 27 1 51 22.9 ng 2. Phan loai gidng theo sd hat/bdng va ty le hat ch
< 6 0 0 3 4 0 6 2.7
Ty le hat chac (%) 60.1-70
0 22
10 2 34 15.2
70.1-80 4 35
8 0 47 21.1
80.1-90 7 78 31 3 119 53.4
>35 13 3 0 16 7.2 ac (Don
>90 0 7 8 1 17 7.6
Tong cong 49 146
28 223 100.0 vi: Gidng)
Tong cong 11 145
61 6 223
Ty le % 22.0 65.5 12.6 100.0
Ty le % 4.9 65.0 27.4 2.7 100.0
Nguyen Due Thanh Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 81(05): 115-119 Sd hat/bdng dao ddng tu 37,1 din 180,9,
nhdm cd sd hat/bdng < 50 ed 11 gidng chiem 4,9% nhung gidng cd sd hat thap nhdt la Lda nuang 93 (37,1 hat/bdng), Lau chi hang 40,4...Nhdm cd sd hat tren 50 din 100 hat'bdng chiem sd lugng eao nhat 145 gidng chiem ty le 65,0%o, xep thu hai la nhdm cd sd hat tir 100 den 150 hat/bdng 61 gidng vdi ty le 27,4%. Nhdm cd sd hat tren 150 hat chi cd 6 gidng chiem 2,7%o, gidng dien hinh Id Khau Ida ed 180,9 hat, Khdu nd ray dieng 180,6 hat, Thdc nep thorn 171,9 hat.
Ty le hat chac dao ddng tir 46,5 den 92,2%, nhdm cd ty le hat chdc nhd hon 50%o cd 6 gidng chiem ty' le 2,7%), nhung gidng cd ty le hat chac thap nhdt la Khdu nua deng 46, Lda nep nuong den 56,5%>... Nhdm cd ty le hat chac tren 50 den 60% cd 34 gidng chiem ty le 15,2%, nhdm cd sd lugng nhieu nhdt ty le tren 80 din 90% cd 119 gidng vdi ty le 53,4%, nhdm cd ty le hat chdc eao tren 90% chi cd 17 gidng chiem ty le 7,6%). Dien hinh nhdm nay la Khau nua luong, Lua nuong (nep deo) 92,I%...
Phan loai giong theo so bong/khom va chieu dai bong
Sd bdng/khdm va chieu ddi bdng Id mdt trong cac yeu td cdu thdnh ndng sual. Trong qua trinh sinh trudng vd phdt trien cda cdy Ida, mdi thdi ky sinh trudng se tap trung vdo mgl qua trinh boat ddng trung lam nhdm tao ra nhirng yeu td nhat dinh, gdp phdn lao ndng sudt Ida sau nay. Nam dugc co cdu hinh thdnh vd thdi gian quyet djnh lung yeu Id Id dieu can thiet. Id co' sd khoa hgc de ldc ddng cdc bien phap ky thuat cd hieu qud.
Ket qua phdn loai tap dodn gidng dua tren sd bdng/khdm vd chieu ddi bdng dugc the hien d bang 3.
Kel qua ddnh gia cho thdy: Sd bdng/khdm dao ddng tu 1,0 den 5,7. Dudi 2 bdng/khdm cd 32 gidng chiem ty le 14,3%), cdc gidng dien hinh la Khau Ida cd 1,0, Khdu nua hom 1,1 bdng/khdm. Nhdm cd sd bdng/khdm tu 2 den 3 cd 82 gidng chiem ty le 36,8%) vd nhdm cd sd bdng tren 3 chiem ty le cao nhat 48,9% vdi 109 gidng. Cdc gidng dai dien nhdm ndy Id Nep dau trdng 5,7, Nep iho-m 5,3 bdng/khdm.
Chieu ddi bdng cda cdc gidng dao ddng lu 14,8 den 28,0 tap trung nhieu d nhdm cd chieu ddi tren 25 cm cd 103 gidng chiem 46,2%o, cdc gidng dien hinh Id Khdu ma cd 28,0 cm, Lua nep nuong vdng 27,7 cm...
Nhdm cd chieu ddi bdng 20 - 25 em dung thd 2 cd 67 gidng chiem 30,0%o. Nhdm cd chieu dai bdng dudi 20 cm cdn 53 gidng vdi 23,8%, dai dien nhu cac gidng Te vdng 14,8 cm, Gao thep 15,1, Nua non 15,3 cm...
Phan loai giong theo nang suat ly thuyet va nang suat thuc thu
Ndng sudt ly thuyet phdn dnh tiem ndng ndng sual cda mdi gidng trong tirng dieu kien sinh thdi nhdl djnh. Id kel qud long hgp cua cdc yeu Id cau thdnh ndng sudi.
Kel qua phdn loai tap dodn gidng Ida dua tren ndng sudt ly thuyet cda cdc gidng Ida tbi nghiem dugc trinh bdy d bdng 4.
Ket qua theo ddi cho thdy nang sudt ly thuyet cua tap dodn gidng bien ddng rat Idn tu 4,85 den 51,6 ta/ha. Trong do nhdm gidng cd ndng suat dudi 20 ta cd tdi 108 gidng chiem ty le cao 48,4%, dien binh nhu gidng Khau nua hom 4,5 ta/ha, Lua nep nuo-ng den ... Nhdm cd ndng sual tu 20 den 25 la/ha cd 42 giong vdi ty le 18,8% day Id nhdm cd ty le xep thu 3 trong cdc nhdm.
Bang 3. Phan loai gidng theo sd bdng/khdm va chieu dai bdng (Don vi: Gidng^
„ , . i J . • • «
< 2 0 c m 20-25 cm
> 25 cm Tong so Ty le %
< 2 8 13 11 32 14.3
So bong/khom 2-3
21 23 38 82 36.8
> 3 24 31 54 109 48.9
Tdng so 53 67 103 223 14.3
Ty le % 23.8 30.0 46.2 100,0
17
Nguyen Due Thanh Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 81(05): 115-119 Bang 4-a. Phan loai gidng theo nang sual ly thuyet (Don vj: Gidng)
Nang suat ly thuyet (ta/ha)
Sd
<20.0 20.0-25.0
25.1-30.0 30.1 -35.0
>35.0
Tong the lugng 108 42
14 16 43
giong Ty le %
48.4 18.8 6.3 7.2 19.3
Nhdm Sd lugng
60 23 7 II 24
lua nep
< 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 - 2 5 . 0
25.1-30.0 30.1 -35.0
>35.0
Nhdm Sd lugng
108 42
14 16 43
lua te Ty le %
48.4 18.8 6,3 7.2 19.3
Tong sd 223 100.0 125 Tong sd 223 100.0
Nhdm gidng cd ndng suat tren 25 den 30 va nhdm tren 30 den 35 ta/ha chiem ty le thap 6,3 va 7,2%o. Nhdm gidng cd ndng suat tren 35 ta xep vj tri Ihu 2 vdi 43 gidng vd ehiem ty le 19,3%, cac gidng dien hinh nhu Npag ndej ndub 51,6 ta/ha, Nep hat trdn 49,9 ta/ha.
Bang 4-b. Phan loai gidng theo nang suat thuc thu (Don vi: Gidng) Nang suat thuc
(ta/ha)
<20.0 20.0-25.0 25.1-30.0 30.1 -35.0
>35.0 Tong so
thu Tdng
Sd lugng 130
35 23 24 II 223
the giong Ty le %
58.3 15.7 10.3 10.8 4.9
Nhdm Sd lugng
70 20 16 15 4 125
lu a nep Ty le %
56.0 16.0 12.8 12.0 3.2
Nhdm Sd lugng
59 15 8 9 7 98
lua te Ty le %
60.2 15.3 8.2 9.2 7.1
KET LUAN
Tap dodn gidng Ida dugc thu thdp tai mdt sd tinh mien ndi phia Bac Viet Nam cd nhieu ddc tinh khde nhau ve ndng sudt vd cdc yeu td cau thdnh nang sual. Sd hat chdc/bdng nhilu nhat Id nhdm gidng ed tu 50 din 100 hat, nhdm cd sd bat chdc dudi 50 hat vd tren 150 hat chiem ty le rdt thdp. Sd hat/bdng nhilu nhat Id 50-100 hat. Nhdm cd ty le hat chdc tu 80%-90%o chilm ty le cao nhdt. Khdi lugng
1000 haC da sd tu 20-30gain. Tap dodn cd sd bdng/khdm thap dao ddng tu 1,0 din 5,7.
Chieu dai bdng tap trung nhieu d nhdm ed chieu ddi tren 25 em. Ndng suat ly thuylt eua lap dodn bien ddng rat lon tu 4,85 din 51,6 ta/ha, nhdm gidng cd ndng suat dudi 20 ta chiem ty le cao 48,4%o, nhdm gidng cd ndng
sudt tren 30 ta/ha chiem tren 25%). Nang suat thuc thu nhd hon 20 ta/ha tuong ddi Idn, nhdm cd ndng sudt tren 30 ta/ha cd ty le thap.
T A I L I E U THAM K H A O
[1]. Nguyen Dinh Giao, Nguyen Thien Huyen, Nguyen Huu Te (1997) - Gldo trinh cdy luong thuc, tap 1-Cdy lua, NXBNN, Ha Ngi.
[2]. IRRI (1996), Standard Evaluation System for rice.
[3]. Kwanchai.AG and Arturo.AG {\9%A) Slatlscal procedures for agricultural research 2" edition,
IRRI.
[4]. Kwanchai.AG (1972), Technique for field experiment wdh rice, IRRI
[5]. Nguyin Thj Ldm, Duo-ng Van Son, Nguyen Due Thanh (2003^ Gldo trinh cdy luang thuc.
Nxb Ndng nghiep. Ha Ndi.
Nguyin Due Thanh Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 81(05): 115 - 119
SUMMARY
EVALUATION OF YIELD OF DRY RICE VARIETY GROUP COLLECTED FROM MOUNTAINOUS PROVINCES OF NORTHERN PART OF VIETNAM
Nguyen Due Thanh
College of Agriculture and forestiy - TNU
The experiment to evaluate dry rice variety group included 223 rice varieties collected fi'om some mountainous provinces of northern part of Vietnam in the tenth month crop in 2009, 2010.The result showed that factors that constituted yield varied greatly. Number of heavy seeds/ear varied from 29 seeds to 150 seeds. Variety group consisting of 50 -100 seeds made up the highest percentage: 65%,.The group consisting of heavy seeds below 50 seeds and more than 150 seeds made up very low proportion. Number of seeds/ear varied from 37.1 to 180.9, Varieties consisting of 50-100 seeds /ear made up the highest proportion The group consisting of more than 100 seeds/ear made up the second highest proportion. The rate of heavy seeds varied from 46.5 to 92..2%, The group having the proportion of heavy seeds 80%-90% made up the highest rate:
53.4% ,the proportion of groups having the heavy seeds below 60% and 90% were low. Weight of 1000 seeds from 10.96 to 36.61 g, mostly 20-30gram made up 62.8%, the group having heavy weight: over 30gram also made up 30.1%. The group consisting small amount of ears/clump varied from 1.0 to 5.7. The lenght of ear of varieties varied from 14.8 to 28.0 cm, mostly, the highest proportion was the group with the length of over 25 cm making up 46.2%. Theorical yield of variety group varied from 4,.850 to 5,160 kg/ha., the variety group with yield below 2,000 made up the high percentage: 48.4%, the variety group with yield over 3,000 kg/ha made up only more than 25%. The group with real yield below 2,000 kg/ha made up a quite large proportion:
58%, .The group with yield more than 3,000 kg/ha made up low proportion.
Key words: Upland rice, yield, factors constitutes yield
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