T A P C H f K H D A H O C - S D S / Z Q I B I 45
"CON GIAI PHO CO" CUA NGUYEN VIET HA MOT GOC NHJN THANG VE H A NOI
Ngoyen Thi Thanh Huyen Trirdng Dai hgc Thii do Hd .\di
Tdm tdt: Tnrdc Ngu\ en Viel Hd. nhieu nhd vdn dd vie! ve Hd .Xdi nhimg ldc phdm viet ve Hd Sdl ciia anh cd sire hiit dgc biel hdi "goc nhin thdng" -plian dnh trung ihirc tdt cd nhimg gi minh quan sdt dirac tir ddi lirang Trong tap tdn vdn "Con giai phd cd", anh khdng ihien vi hay thdi phdng nhimg gid u-j tich ciec. cimg khdng ne tranh, bdt xen. cat Clip hay chinh sua nhimg gi khiem khuyet de ddi tirgng trd nen "vira van" hay "dem dep".
Gdc nhin dd dem lgi nhimg trang vdn ve Hd Xdi dm dp nhimg net dep dnh te. hdo hoa Idn nhimg khiem khmel cd hint. Ddng sau gigng vdn vd each dien ngdn hdi hudc, trier li.
chira chan cdm .rite la mot tdm tu dau ddu nhimg Iran tra ve viec giir gin hdn cdt manh ddt nghin ndm vdn hod.
Tirkhod: Ngin en Viet Hd, tdn vdn. Con giai phd cd. gdc nhin thdng. vdn hod Hd Not.
1. M O D A U
Trudc khi biet tdi tan \ a n ciia Ngu>en \'iet Ha. ngudi doc da biet tdi anh qua mot sd tieu thuyet: Ca hdi cua Chiia ("1999). Khai hin-en muon (2013). Ba ngdi cua nguai (2014).., Gan da\-. nha van cua gigng dieu khdi hai re sang cuoc choi cua the tan \'an bang mpt loai dau sach: Nhd i dn thi chai v&i ai. .Mat cua ddn ong. Ddn bd udng rugu. Con giai pho cd...
Dieu thu \ i la trong tan \ an cua Nguyen \'iel Ha. du chuyen Dong ha} chuyen Tay. chu\en xua hay chuven na> thi cuoi cung \ a n tro ve vai mpt chiit gi dd cua Ha Noi. rat Ha Ndi.
dam dac Ha Noi. Co ve nhu chinh nha van la ngudi sau cimg phat hien ra dieu nay \ i khi red vao vung ngau hung ciia the tan \ a n . ngudi viet de mac cam xiic keo di. kieu nhu "\iec viet la viec cua anh, moi cam nhan de dgc gia lo" \ a y . Nguyen \'iet Ha timg bgc bach:
"Vdi loi tan vdn nhu Id mgt thie nhdp tay. tdc phdm le. Moi ngirdi hay ndi trong ldc phdm ciia Idi cd chdl Hd .\gi gi do. Tdi gdn day- khi Nhd xudi han Tre in lgi cdc ddu sdch cho ldi.
tdi xem tht thdy co mot Hd Ngi xuyen sudt". Dieu nay de hieu \ i Ha Noi la manh dat gan bo
\ di Neuven \'iei Ha tir dia ly idi tam hon. Sir tan bien cua Ha Ndi \ ao tam hdn nha \ an de
Nhdn bai nga> 02 05 20)6: siri phan faien \a duvet dang nga\ 24 05 2015 Lien he tac gia. Nguven Thi Thanh Hu>en: Email hu^ennn'Sdaihocthudo.edu \TI
, . II T R U d N G B A I H O C T H U B O H A N D I
™ I '• '• - Iai du vi cam xuc phuc hpp. nd khdng don thudn la tinh yeu. Idng tu hao. su hanh dien, niSm tin manh me v6 sire sdng cac gid tri van hoa cua Ha Ndi... ma edn Id ndi xdt xa, Io iu.
hoai nghi vd dau dau nhimg tran trd vd mdt Ha Ndi dang dan dan ddi thay theo ca hudng tich cue Idn tieu cue. Budc chdn vdo hieu sach se thdy tren gid cd rdt nhieu dau sdch cdng dJ idi^ cimg thS loai. nhung tir khoa "Nguyin Viet Hd" vdn niu tay ngudi dpc phdi chgn cuon sdch cua anh la vi tmh thdn nhdt qudn trong sang tae ciia nlid vdn: Gdc nhin thdng v'e Ha Npi.
2. NOI D U N G 2.1. Goc nhin t h a n g
"Nhin thdng" ndi mdt cdch ndm na Id phdn dnh trung thuc tdt ca nhihig gi minh quan sdt dupe tir ddi luong. Nha van ddt cho minh chd dp "gdc nhin thdng" nghia Id khdng bi ehi phdi bdi nhimg cdm xuc rieng M. cam tinh. Nam Cao limg "nhin thang" gidi tri thirc de
"Idn trdi" bdn chdl nhimg ngudi nhu minh. khdng gidu diem nhimg hodi bdo dep nhung cQng khdng che day thdi hu tdt xdu. Bao Ninh eung cdn ehinh d i e dp "gdc nhin thdng" ve chiln tranh de rdi nhilu ngudi bdt di ao tudng \-e chien thang. thay vdo dd Id ndi budn dm anh. \'uoilg Tri Nhdn cung lam till khi viet Thoi hu lal xdu cua ngiroi Viel.. Nhung CO ve nhu o thdi diem cac lac phdm tren ra ddi. khdng qua nhieu ddc gia chudn bi san ldm the tiep nhdn su thai, nen khi hinh dung nhimg chi liet ngupc Iai vdi nhirng suy nghi da hinh lhanh tuong ddi dn dinh. hp cd quyen hoai nghi \ a khdng man ma vdi tac phdm.
Den Con giai plio co cua Nguyen Viet Ha thi khac. Ngudi Ha Ndi quan sat. chimg kien cudc sdng dai nay dien ra bang ngdy hang gid. Ngudi ngoai tinh tdi Hd Ndi ciing quan sal. nem irai cudc sdng noi dd\ \-di du mdn. du \\. du an lupng. Nglna Id ban dpc dd dugc dpn sdn ldm the nhd su trai nghiem. Dpc lan vdn cua Nguyen Viet Hd chi cdn la thao tac ddi chieu van vdi ddi. la nhd nhd van ndi ihay nhirng bi bdch cam nhan md minh khong dien dat dupe, de rdi xuvl xoa "sao gd ndy ndi dung thi". chudn tir mdt Ha Not vdi nhihig nel dep linh tc. lang man va ddc dao cho tdi mpt Ha Ndi xd bd. xiiu xi. Ion xdn - ndi nhir ngdn ngu gidi tre ihi dd Id "mdt thir Ha Ndi fake" (hdng nhai) hay "phien ban loi".
2.2. NhiTng an t u p n g floi lap ve c6t e a c h con n g u d i H a Npi
Dieu Idm nen hdn cdt dai kinll ki trudc het phai la ydu td con ngudi. Con ngudi kien tao cac gia ui \ dn hod. giii gin va bao vi. bdi dap. sdng lao. phai triln vdn hod vd tdi nhien con ngudi ciing Id tdc nhdn lam nd mai mdt \k bien mdt. Trong Con giai pho co. Ngujen
\ lel Hd dl lim nhimg "man ngudi" chira dung sdu sdc nhdt tinh thdn rieng cua ddi Ha Ngi ha> "chdl" Ha Ndi Thuimg thi cdc \an nhdn ha> chpn ngudi mdu bieu dat tinh Ihdn Ha Npi lang man. ihudl tha \eu kilu kicu nhu "Bern ma Hd Kai ddng kiiu Iham". Id vdc ngudi manh dc ihaiili thoat irong sac do ddi Irdng ldng dang nhu suong chilu 1 a> Hd. nliirng nhan
TAP CHI KHOA H D C - SD S/ZOIG
47
vat nii minh hoa ro nhit tinh t h i n "Chdng tham cung the hoa nhdi..." hay nhirng ddi ta>
kheo leo gan lien \ d i van hoa am thuc tinh te, cdng phu cua ngudi Trang An (it khi la ngudi mau nam)... Thi day, tan van cua Nguyen Viet Ha tung ra mgt loat ngudi mau nam de hung hdn chung minh rang: Dan dng mdi thuc la nhan td kien tao. giu gin linh hdn Ha Ndi. Ngay tir nhan de tap truyen da khang dinh the: "Con giai (chii khdng phai con gai hay phu nu) phd cd".
Ddi tugng dau tien dugc nha van chgn vao cac trang viet ciia minh la nhirng tay "cao hdi gid" mang ten "Cao bdi gia Ha Ngi". Mau ngudi na}' vdn la "ngieai co cdt cdch Hd Ngi mang mot phong do rdt rieng, no la ban nang pho phudng co dugc tir "chdt" (.-.} Nhimg cao thil khinh hgc, ngici rdi loc loi phdn xet chinh xdc dugc ve chdt thuang Id nhirng dan ong CO tuoi ngodi ndm muoi tra len md gi&i via he trdn trong ggi cung nhu bgn hg trinh thugng lu nhdn. cao hoi gid Hd Ngi". Hp cd the la ldp cha, chu cua nha van. hg \'an thudng xuat hien d quan cdc via he day tram ngam va lim dim ngam nhin mac phd phudng chuyen dgng ao ao trudc mat. Nhung nha van van nhan ra cdt loi ban chat cha may hay ho cua nhirrg "cao bdi gia" nay Hg ham choi dii khdng phai kieu "ham choi tdi ben" nhu may tay cao bdi d Sai Gon. ma la kieu ham choi lang dang rat tai hoa: "Ld md trong khoi thudc Iham, cdu chuyen cua bgn ho khd inc. khong phen vi bgn hg hay dem md do cdi chdt trai nghiem ke chg cay ddng kieu bgc den mice tdn nhdn. Phdn nira la tgi bon hg ihudng dd dang bo hgc, hdi da diing la ke chg thi luy khdt khao ton trgng yeu tri thiec. nhimg hodn loan lgi ludi nggi de trd thdnh tri thiec. Do hdu het xudt thdn a nhimg gia dmh du dd co Iruyen thdng budn bdn nen cho dii gia canh cd km bgi xdp xe, tdi thay hg deu ham chai".
Luc tra du tuu hau. nhiing nhan \ a t nay boc lg phan con ngudi nghe sT ma nha van da cham pha mieu ta bang chi liet that khoi hai: "Do ban chdi tdi hoa. dam cao bdi hdu het tinh te ham thich dm nhac vdn tha hgi hog. Tha hgn hg chua chdt Irdng tran hieu ngiedi nen lg ldm. "Khdng venh vang mat giai khong sg. Khdng giao gid long gai khong thuong". Ddy Id hoi cdu vdo logi nhe nhd! trong bdi tha cd nhan de "Ddi cd ra cht ma deo chui" ciia moi chdn chinh cao bdi ngodi bdt thdp". Ngudi Ha Ngi van mang tieng la "khinh khmh". "ra cai dieu" moi khi \"ap phai mdt ngudi lang - vdn quen vdi nep ca Iang la hg - ra pho. Cai chat "khinh khmh" do d cao bdi gia lai khdng tho id vdi ngudi ndng dan ma hg quay sang phdt Id hgc thuat. '.., cao boi gid ihudng nhin cdc nhd "Hd Noi hgc" bdng cdi nhin "deu".
\ 'ai hg. nhimg nhd ddy ngodi viec thuoc ten phd tht cdn lgi chdng biel cdi qiidi gi" Ma}
qua. trong sd nhirng gach dau ddng \ e dac diem cua mau cao bdi gia. nha van nhan ra
"diem sang" cua nhan \at: "Tuy mai chai nhung khdng hieu sao cdc dng hd cao bdi loan de ra con cdi (ca trong vd ngodi gid thii) ludn luon thdnh dgt. O Hd Ndi hdm nay. dam con cdi dy deu phdt tdi thdnh cu phit. Bgn chiing ddng lhanh hao ddy Id nha hdp rliii dugc cdi .wc •iao lan Ion tinh qudl cua ngirdi cha. Thang trong adm ad cimg cd dira phdt phiic hoc hdnh. ddng hoang lain gido sir lien .u". "Khdng hieu sao" chi la mdt each noi. each dien ta su ngac nhien thich thu. Thuc te thi ai cung co the hieu vi sao"' \'i mau ntzudi nav von
^ j II TRL/lilNG BAI HOC T H U BO HA NDI
mang td chdt tinh nhanh. sdc sdo cd sin hong ddng mau ke chp. Vdi ldp ngudi nay, nha van dac biet td bdy ldng tran quy va lo au khi hinh dung mdt ngay nao dd Ha Ndi ving bdng nhihig cao bdi gid. "h'gdy nay lap cao boi gia dang ddn ddn luyel lit. Chang hiel ho hav hay da. nhimg bon Im ximg dang dirge giv vao sdch do de bdo ve giir gin nhu mot loai khdc la quy liiim. Bai khong co ho. cung nhu kliong co ke cdp dm Dong Xudn hoac "phe phdy" cha Giai. Hd Xoi se vinh viin mdt di mot khodng Irong bi Irdng nlio nhang. Ma nhi
nhang Id mot ddc linh ldm nen mot do thi lan, nhd vdn Vii Trong Pining chuyen viel ve cao boi gid gdc Hd Apr da hao vay". Thi ra man ngudi nay. Irong su quan sdt ciia nhd vdn, hg cd thi "nhd nlidiig" nhtmg chinh hp lam nen mdt phdn ddc trung cua Ha Npi. Gdc nhin thdng da thira nhdn cd hai mat eiia ddi tupng, ddy nhimg ban che nhung klidng the chdi bd, thdm chi cdn edn "ghi vdo sdch do de bao ve giir gin" nira.
Ben canh cao bdi gid Id mot loat man nam dupe nha van gpi ra bdng cdch dinh vi {con giai pho co). md td hoat ddng (dan dng dn .idng. bdn sdch rong) hay hu danh (ddn dng hit danh hdt ngon)... Khd ma tach bach cdi hay edi dd eua nhdn vdt, nhtmg cd mdt su thuc la nhd van xdy dung chan dung cdc mdu nam vdi day dii nhtrng net dep ddng trdn trong va ca nhiing khiem khuyet dpc dao. Tdt ca deu rdt "Ha Not".
Dd Id nhihig gd giai Ire md "nhdl loat bon ndy deu me gdi sdm. litang llidl mdi co dica hi vdo duoc dai hoc nhung Ihdng minh Idi lioa ldng tic kieu bac Ihi khdng miii Ihir giai cua vimg ndo sanh ndi Chi Irong vdi budi cdp nlidl boc Iruyen tay da lap tuc bap biing ghila dieu luyen Idn gdi. Pliai xem mdi Ihdng con giai xoa soi loc ddi khdn khdn cdm dan "qual eha" hdi "Dau, tir ddy trdi tim ta budn dau... D a u . . " {eon giai phd ed). Vdi Nguyen Viet Hd. nidi giai phd cd sinh ndm 1962 ihi ed le. nhirng ehi tilt kia phdn nhilu duoc phuc dung lir chinh minh mdt thdi. Nen \-ira chii quan, vira khdch quan. nlid van cho rdng cd chimg kien hinh anh mpt chdng Irai Hd thanli dm cdy dan "quat chd" ma nuc nd ngdn tinli 'Ihi mdi hieu dugc the ndo Id su quyen rii.
Cai phdn "tdm tdi" nhdt cua Ha Ndi xet tir gdc dp budn ban tir xua tdi nay la cho Gioi.
Cai phdn "\ d minh" nhdl trong con ngudi Hd Npi chdc hiln thi ro d nhirng gd trai gdn vdi
"hdn danh" (nhung Hai "\ot". Timg "cia". Dung "lira"...). Nguyen Viet Ha goi dd Id dam trong "hu danh ddn dng". Chimg nhu thich Ihu vdi man ngudi na>. nha van ndm trong lay ca mpi phdn gidi thu>ll dd> du vl nhdn \a\ Tu thdi gian hinli lhanh. "Khodng chuc nim sau ngdy dot nude lliong nhdl. xa hdi con nhdn nhao dang loay lioay luang Ihien. nen a Hit
\ 01 CO rai nhiiu dan dng mang hu danh ( I phdn ddng dan dng Hd Xdi cd danh "hit" diu song kha Ur le Iheo cdi nghia hien dai md dam leen hay gid ggi Id "ddn choi". din ngudn gdc. xuat xir: "Bon ho hdu hit xudt .xd Id nhirng gia dinh co nhieu ddi loanh quanh bim bon phd cd nin so vd, mdi bdng via va chung cua tliai hao cdp tin liin nong Idm lam lii dii ddi Me vd chi eua ho Ihuong rdi dam. lay hoc il nlmng lai gioi Idn lao bdn budn Ong bd hien lanh khdng liim gi. ca ngdy chi doc liin llimil Plidp phong do hao hao cua img ki
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nha bdng hoac nhd ddy thep. mot mdu hinh cong chirc "tdy" khd lieu bieu ciia mgt thdi vdn hod do thi thuc ddn phong kiin Viet". Chi tiet den muc cd the phan loai nhd dac diem nhan dang: dd "cd the Id ddm thanh nien thap thdnh mai lan. lgi co the la nhimg trung nien tdc muoi tieu nira chimg xudn, tdt tdt dn mgc chai chiidt khdu khi lanh lgi thong hogt. Chdng tre thi qudn loe toe ddi do chim co, gd ddng diem sdp gid tht qudn kaki Irdng dng dieng do sami ke ca ro man sdng nhat. Vd deu dgn moi .mng. ca hgn ngoi uong cd phe tdn ldo chimg hai tieng a mdy qudn cu ky sdu trong nhirng phd cd ten ddu hdng chie "hdng". Do thuoc nhieu tha va biet dieu luyen chai ghita truy en tay tie hoc. hgn hg thudng cua dd kha khd nhieu thieu nir mudn dii vai tinh phi rdt thdp". Nha van khdng ngai "bonus" them phan ldi binh ve quan diem sd dong trong nhin nhan: "Theo quan diem lao dong cua thdi do thi bgn ho Id mgt lu vd cdng rdi nghe, manh kiem tien duy nhdt md hg ihdnh ihgo Id "chi cho", mgt kieu dn chenh lech gid trong nhimg giao dich mai mdi cdc mat hdng quy' hiem... nhimg thie md xd hgi ti'gc phii gia day coi Id tdm thudng dong ndt"... Ha Ngi o dau. Ha N6i nhu the nao trong nhirng ga dan dng nhu the? d pham chat hao hoa tron lan su Igc ldi. o su ma manh \ a phdt ddi. hay cua thdi the \ d i ngudn gdc. ne nep cua gia dinh?,..
Dii la "goc nhin thang" thi o dau dd ta van nhan ra chut thien vi co h' cua nha van khi ggi lai net dep ben "\img trong mdi con ngudi Ha Noi nhieu hem ban ve su mai mgt, tha hoa. Cd su thien vi do khdng phai vi Nguyen Viet Ha la ngudi Ha N6i. ma chinh \"i ban than Ha Ndi von mang nhung gia tri tdt dep nhieu hon nhung bui bam, rac ruoi \"udng theo trong qua lrinh phat trien. Nen tir nhung ga trai tre den dam mang hu danh ha\' nhimg ngudi ban sach rong d Ha Ndi. trong mdi ldp ngudi. nha van \ a n nhin thay nhimg pham tinh dang Iran trgng o hg. Dd la nhimg ngudi ma giua thdi k> bao cap. khd so vai Ion vdi an. vdi mac. hg \"an quy sach hem ca danh lgi. dugc xep \ a o nhdm "nhimg ke dd hai": hg doi nhung khong cuong an ma "cudng chir" nen dang sau nhimg guong mat dam chieu co phan lanh limg ciia nhimg ngudi dan ong ban sach rong noi goc phd chat choi nao dd la nhimg cai dau uyen bac. "Bgn ho lan Ion hiet nhieu. da phdn cudng chir doc thien kinh vgn quren Tri nhd chdng ihua Giacdp Menden ( ./ do ludn qudn chdt hep chuyen cam do. ve ngodi cua ddn dng hdn sdch dgo rrdng "hen hen" con ben trong cimg khudt khiic vdi goc tdi vd minh- Den nay. nhimg tay xudt sdc nhdt trong bon ho deu dd thdnh nhimg ngiedi mudn ndm cii {...)" (ban sach rong): hg la nhirng ngudi dan ong ndi loan thdi tre nhung dimg dan. mau muc khi iruong thanh. Dieu na> dac biet co gia tri khi bao chi ra ra \ e sir xuong cap trong dao due hdn nhan. su mai mgt cua gia tri hanh phiic trong moi gia dinh nho. Ha Noi phan nao van dm tri duoc su binh yen giua lam bao ddi sdng khi cdn nhiing ngudi dan ong xuat than tir phd cd: "Bon con giai phd cd khi cd va hong tra nen hien lanh.
tuy gia Iruong nhimg bgn chimg chung thuy. it "meo md". hdu hel aeu sdng chung vdi can lit hdn nhdn cho den khi cudi dai. mdc ddu cdi ihir ldng man irdi cua dircrc kia dich thuc Id mgl cua na" (con giai phd co).
T R I J C J N G O A I H O C T H U B D H A NOI
Nguyin Viet Hd cd mdt "cai ddu lanh", tinh tao khi quan sat va tim tdi, thau hieu manh ddt minh sinh ra vdi ddy dii cdi "dupe" va cai "ehua dupe", eai 'cd" vd cdi "sdp mit, mil din, mdt hdn". Nhung Nguyin Viet Ha cung cd mpt trai tim ndng dm va dju ddng, bao dung khi nhin nhirng eon ngudi xung quanh minh, cudc sdng quanh minh bang cdi nhin triu min. tin tudng. Vdi anh, nhimg eon ngudi do, "clidng hiit hg hay hay dd" nhung chic chin, hp cd vai trd thuc su quan trpng trong viec kiln tao vd gin giir nhOng net vdn hoa - Iinh hdn Hd Ndi, "Hd Ndi vdng hg, chat Id ra mdi khoang Irong, mot lidng hul" (ban sach rong), ving hp "Hd Xdi se vinh viin mil di mgl kitodng Irdng bl Irdng nhd nhang" (cao b6i gid Ha Ndi). Nhd cd nhung ngudi "Ihong thd dn. linh te mdc, chdm chdm song" ma 'Hi Ngi hdm nay mdi cd ndi ddm bdy hdng phd ngon. vdi ba qudn cd phe Ihi ddn sdu lanf (con giai phd ed). Dir la dam ngudi bi nha van dinh danh Id "bac nhuac, nghe si nira miia"
thi hp van dang "Ird cm Hd Ndi biing cdch quyit Hit tu nudi cho minh nhirng Ihoi quen cm bao ddi Hd Ngi' (con giai phd ed)... Sau tit ea, nhd vdn vdn nhdn thdy hay tin tudng rang linh hdn la thu trim tupng nhung bin vihig: "Mdt dd Ihi dd ngodi nghin tudi Ihi duang nhien plidi cd linh hdn Hoac hay liodc dd ddu co quan Pgng, chi hiet nd thdm thdm ma mdng reu phong lao riing mdi bdn .idc. Pho cd cliinh la nai giir gin duac ddi chul nhimg manh hdn dgc ddo dy Cd phai the chdng md cho dit bi dung luc phdt Irien cdc phd cd iim nay vdn chua chiu mdt" (con giai phd cd).
Cd the ndi ngdn dy manh vun ve con ngirdi Ha Ndi trong cdc trang tdn van ndy du de cat nghia vi sao Irong lieu ihuyet Ba ngdt ciia ngudi. ben canh viec dung Iai chdn dung mgl Ha Ndi duong dai vdi du thir nhdn nhao, xau xi, dii guong mat dai dien cho ede tang lop thi ddn. vdn dac biel chdm chut cho mdu nhan vdt dupe .xep vdo hdng nhirng ngudi Hd Ngi
"sap tuyel cluing". Khdng gidng iiliu cdc bdc tien bdi hay nliiing ngu'di ban dutmg thdi vi qud \cu Hd Ndi md ddnh cho noi ndy mdt uu di thay rd khi hp chi chpn phdn dep va quy nhdt cira Ha Ndi dua vdo trang van. Nguyin Viet Ha gidng nhu thu linh cua sd \\ nhimg ngudi viet ve Ha Ndi vdi dau dau nhirng trdn Ird khi soi ciiilu nhirng net dep cd thuc. dang trdn quy d trong sdu tham mdi con ngudi Hd Npi thudc Idp ngudi cii dang ddn mai mpt vdi mpi the he nidi cd ve hien dai nhimg khd Idng duy tri duoc ve dep cd tinh truyin thdng ciia kinh ky hon mdt nghin ndm tudi, dung tinh thin "nhin tiling" - khdng ehi mieu td cai dep md cdn "phu phdng" chi ra diem yen, khdng phii nhan hien tai nhung chdi vdi di lim eai cii.
2.3. Nhiing cam n h a n t u o n g phiin vi c a n h s i c , floi s 6 n g con n g u d i Ha Npi Ben canh eon ngudi. dii khdng di sdu nhung nhd vdn klidng quen phac hoa vdi net don gian. an tuong \ e Ha Ndi lir gdc dp canh sdc \d din sdng thucmg nhdl cua eon nguin noi ndy I rong tieu thu> cl Sa ngdi eua ngudi. nha van tu hdo v l mdt Ha Ndi dep tir trong ban chat CO him. dep trong timg ngdy. tirng miia va mien vien thdi gian: "Hd Ndi Idn Ihu. mua hui min giang phang ,,hdl cd gid Biing BSc ret ddu miia Mdi nghin ndm Irudc nd da ra) vd mdi nghin mim .lau ciing se vay". Thi ddx. Irong tap tdn % an Con giai plid cd ngudi ta
TAP CHf KHDA H D C - SO 5/2D1S || 51
bat gap mpt Ha Ngi vdi "... suang loang ho Tdy, ndy la thu vdng ngo nhd. Roi ihi cong phu dm thuc, roi thi ky tinh thii chai" (cao bdi gia Ha Ndi). Mdt Ha Ndi tham tram, cd kinh nhung cue lang man khi "tren mdt ciea so tdng hai reu phong ndo day. hoac tren mgl ban cong biel thu nho cd gian hoa ligon ndo day, thdp thodng mdt ihieu nie hay mgt thieu phu dang ngoi doc sdch. Trong hoang hdn nhgl nhat sol vdi vet ndng, co mgt cdi gi dju ddng bdt trdc xoay vdo tim ciia ke dang ngdn nga nhin Irgm" (khi dan dng khdng dgc)
Luc khac, nha van mugn ldi "dng dgc gid gid co nhd long dng a Hdng Bac" tinh tudng phat hien "Ddm bdy ndm lgi ddy. mua xudn d Hd Ngi dang mdt ddn vi ngot". Ngudi tre nhung hoai cd nhu Nguyen Viet Ha danh lang thang di tim chiit khdi ngudn hay du vi cua xuan. Tim d dau? Tim tii trong triet ly budn "nhu mot tieng tha ddi" rang: "Phd phudng ciia thil do. chd ndo con Hd Ngi nhdt hinh nhu chi con la chd thua ngudi". Vay thi dich thi chi cdn cd mgt noi cir kien cudng lang le giira dn ao pho thi. dd la thu vien co reu phong.
Trong khdng gian menh mdng eua lang dgng thdi gian cudi nam, se cdn mdt vai ngudi "Tie ton ma mong hg ldi sdch Cdi chdm chdm cua nhimg trang chie ldm tiel Xudn trinh bach tdn ngdn chdng ddm trdi Vd khdng cdn linh te lam cung thdy dugc mdu cita let. miu ciia tet. Ddy Id cdi mdu ndng dm ciia hong ddo phdng phdt tinh hoa lic nhimg ngiedi Trang An muon ndm cu. Ddy Id cdi mui ciia nhe nhe id ggi ddu huang nhu cd fir thud cdc bd cdc cd Hd thdnh" (thu buong xua cii da timg phang phat trong Tdc chi Hodi cixa Nguyen Tuan), nd tucmg phan den muc khien nhihig ngudi dan dng yeu diu dang truyen thdng thay chang vira mat vdi nhimg cd, nhung ba dugc menh danh "ngudi hien dai" hdm nay chi chuyen
"diing ddu ggi la lg miii my phdm", doan tuyet ludn thu huong "lhanh vd tham den vd ciing" (mgt chd xuan Ha Ngi).
Bdng nhien hdm nay Ha Ngi xuat hien mot loat nhirng quan ca phe \ a quan an ggi lai ndi am anh ve Ha Ngi mgt thdi bao cap, cai thdi ma nha van ciing giong nhu nhieu ngudi khac thay vira buon vira thuong than bdi ndi "khdn khd ciia mot thai chdng na quen" vdi canh tugng "... vgt Idn xep hdng cdm sd luang thuc dong gao rdi chen ngang ddnh nhau lem phieu mua ddu phu biel rirt dm dnh Ddy Id chua ke Idn Idn vdo nhimg rach qudn loe nhimg "ca do" cdt ldc ddi..." {dan dng hoai cd). Nhung ciing co mot Ha Ngi "hdi khoang muai ndm tra ve Irudc" vdi net dep van hoa khdng vimg dat nao ca Bac ca Nam cd d u g c dd la thu vui vd cung lao nha, nhimg ngudi dgc sach ca gia va tre, thudng hen nhau vao khoang "chieu mudn hdm tdm Chgp Id ngdy gap nhau cudi nam vd sdng .sdm mimg sdu gieng la budi quay qudn khen bid Ho diu ddng binh nhirng bdi bdo hay nhimg dng tha dep rdi li xi cho nhau nhieng doan tha lie tiiyef. Hg dich thuc la nliimg "ngudi doc trong Irdng"
ma nha \ an khang dinh chac nich rang "Ngudi Hd Ndi cii ky chdn chinh deu ma hd cd cdi Ihdi quen dgc ddy" Bay gid thi nhung dgc gia Ha Ndi nhu vay bdng bien mat mgt each lang le va tat yeu. thay vao do la thuc te "Thu vien hdm nay luyel khdng ihdy mdt ai mo mdng ngdi dgc iha nira, da phdn deu cdn cdo ngdn ngdu nhung loai sdch duac thai thuang
52 I T R U O I N B B A I H O C T H O B O H A NQI
go; la sdch cdng cu: Mdi nghin cdch ldm gidu lain Ldm the ndo de bgn trd thdnh quyin rit Oiidn Iri kinh doanh thai la dan gidn". Rdt nhanh. Qua may ngay cuoi nam, khdng gian tinh tai vd binh than ciia thu vien cd se bi lam phien bdi mdt Ha Ndi diue dung den miic mpt vien gach cdng ed the hdi ra tien chu dimg ndi tdi khudn vien rdng rai cua thu vien dupe lat hdng tram phiin gach. Rdi "llnr viin se hit let khi cdi .lieu till ddi dien ddng ngudi Ird lai. Ngudi la hdt hai vel lidng khuyin mai, Iranh nhau dem xe giri vdo khudn vien ciia nhd chira .idch Ca tod biel thu cii chgl nhien nhgl nhal mdt di tram ldng co kinh Rdi no se gidng nhu moi phd phudng cua Hd Ngi ddi Ihuimg hdm nay, chi loan nhimg dn do vgt vo"
(mpt cho xuan Ha Ndi). Ha Ndi khde xua qua nhieu rdi. Dd Id sir thay ddi tdt yeu cua mgt dd thi dang van trd mirdi de thay ddi. Nhimg "thay ddi" khdng ddng nghia vdi tdt hon.
Dang tiec la Ha Ndi ctia ngdy hdm nay dn do, sdi ndi mdt each xd bd va hdn loan.
Cdi su nhdn nhdo ciia ddi thudng de thay nhat Id d nhihig sieu thi trung tdm, nhihig
"ngdn ngdn". "duddt". "Iranh gidnlt", "hirng bimg chung Id"... nhimg "kenh kiiu dai ciic'.
"hdo hire mua bdn" - Id nhdm dpng tinh tir khdng the ehinh xdc hem. dupe nha van dimg dl mieu td ddi sdng d vimg ddt Ha thanh. Nhdng trang thai dd da tieu diet khdng khoan nhuong tinh thdn "thanh Ihoal", "thong Ilia", "chdm rdi", "sang, sdnh vd linh" (du xuan) cua ngudi Hd Ndi Idp trude The nen nhd van mdi ra ve khach quan md td: "Hd Ndi nhimg ndm gdn ddy dd rimg rimg Ihay ddi, Id mdt thdnh phd linh li sdu ldng bdng cltdc lap nap Irudng Ihdnh". K> thuc mat ngudi viet ira nude khi ehimg kiln thuc t l cue ky bit dn, 'kinh le nhdp nhdm Idng Puang cdnpliong khi vdn hod cimg hay hoa)- dang dinh hinh" (len ddi).
Bao nel dep trong nhimg ngdy cudi ndm d Hd Ndi, bao phong tuc van hod gidu tinh nhan vdn cua ngudi Hd Ndi trong nhiing ngdy ddu ndm diu biln m i l hoac biln tudng ca.
Su nd luc niu keo. duy tri cua mdt vdi ngudi ndng Idng vdi dit nay chang the lai vdi con Iu quel cua ddi sdng mdi Sau eon lu, cd pbii sa tuoi tdt hon cho cay trdng nhung cung cd nhieu rde rudi cudn, mic Iai. Nguyen Viet Ha vilt v l Ha Npi trong tdm thi di tim lai nhimg hat p h i sa van hoa vd that dau Idng khi bit gap bao rdc can trong Idng phd Mgl tieng tho ddi lo du trude thue le nhirng net dep tinli Ihin cua ngudi Hd Ndi bo vo vd dl mil ma ". . chang biel khi Hd \di dd qua nglun ndm ludi lieu cd cdn mudn giir" (mpi gdc xuan Hd Npi). That ra cd mudn giii ciing khdng dugc Ngudi ta bao hien dai phdi mdi, phdi thay cai eii. Cd; gid dupe thay bdng ca> non. Vudn dao san phdng thdnh chung eu cao cip, Nhimg cdng gach ven d reu phong da "hi Ihd bao xdy lhanh mdi loanh xdm xd be Idng" rii.
N d> Id tir nhd vdn tdi ngudi dpc diu dl ddng cam va\ cam thdn eua mdt nhd tho gid vilt vl Hd Xdi-
".Vldi bang mdi hdng lai mdi bdng Tdi di nhu cd lac vdo ddng Ba muai nam le vi que cii.
Ca ldng lhanh mdi cue xi mang" (lin ddi)
TAP CHI KHDA HOC - BO 5/2D1B || 53
2.4. Vai net doc d a o vk nghe thuat
Dll khdi ngudn cam hung ro rang ve Ha Ngi hay nhiing cau chuyen vu vo dan suy tudng nha van trd ve Ha Ngi thi bao gid gigng dieu da diet trong van ciia Nguyen Viet Ha ciing hoc Id trang thai phan van, hoang mang giira cai cii - mdi. Nhin mdn an nay nhd mdn an xua, hucmg vi xd bd ndng ndi danh thuc nhihig tiec nudi quay quat cai da mat. Ngudi Ha Ngi hdm nay ngang qua hang cay tro trui la ben dudng bong them, tiec. nhd vdm la xanh mudt ciia cay cd thu tram nam tudi da thanh "thu thien cd". Chic ciing gidng nhu cam giac cua nha van khi ngang qua "Hang Budm vdi den Bgch Ma md a gan do cd mi vdn thdn. gdnh mi vo danh tuyel ngon ciia ldo Hoa kieu mom dy ddu rdi, bdy gid ihay vdo la mgt hdng com rang mi xao chim quay gid ngiedi Tau. mgi thic deu ngdy md nong ndc hdnh phi tham nirc hip bam hon nong noi "hdt tri ky vi" chen chiic ngdi dn midm nuop" (hdt nggn)... Rdi tu cau chuyen thudng nhat la bira sang ma ra cai rung rung nhd - dd dai cua noi nhd tdi nua the ky: "Cdc tay thi ddn gid sdnh dieu thi thich cdc qudn cdc gdnh cu ^ via he, hdu het deu khudt khiic trong lam nham pho cd. Nhimg hdng nhimg qudn ldu den ndi md cd chil bdy gid tuoi da sdn sdn. mdi khi chdn them mdy nhdnh hdnh cii cho dng khdch quen thinh thoang lgi hugt mom: "Hdi con me chdu, cu vdn noi Id dng thich nhdl dn thil gd a chd limg" Ong thuc khdch cao hdi cd tudi Igc loi voi cdi mil phat bdng rimg rung ngdm midt nude hot dang chica chan quanh hdm rdng gid. boi hoi nhd ve hem ndm muai ndm Irudc timg Irong Irdng ddn mdi linh ddu ra dn biin moc cung a qudn ndy" (dan ong an sang).
Trudc day, nha tho Vii Dinh Lien da khien ngudi ta roi vao viing hoai co ma nude mat chua chan vi noi tuyet vgng kliong tim thay iihijng gi dep de da tan bien trong hd suong khdi, nay Nguyen Viet Ha cung keo ngudi dgc vao viing hoai cd nhung kliien ngudi ta dd khdc dd cudi la vi nha van sir dung ngdn ngii va each dien dat vira bgc Id phan kien van sau rdng (cita sach vd), vira "klioe" dugc su cap nhat ngon ngu hien dai (ciia dudng pho).
Trir di cai phan sac sao va thdng minh san cd, thi tam the, cam xiic cua tac gia la mgt nguyen nhan. Nguyen Viet Ha timg hoc bach trong budi ra mat myen tap truyen ngan cua minh rang: "Khi nhd, /c thucmg. nguai ta vdn nha ve nhimg gi dep de. De rdi, con ngudi la ddu de trdnh khoi nhimg cdm ihirc xdt xa khi nhi'mg dieu tdt dep dd khdng con trong hien lai Cimg bdi vgy. dien ngdn ciia ldi ddi khi cd chiit cay ddng. cdu chir cd phdn chua ngoa". Ngoa. thdng minh, hai hudc - do la an lugng cd thuc vdi bat cir ai mgt lin ghe qua tap van ciia Nguyen Viet Ha. Bang chirng vo sd ke Hdi "dap thanli' dugc nha van cat nghia cho nhtrng "tre trau" Ian dau nghe thay khi di du xuan nhu sau: "NghTa ndm na cua lir ndy Id ddm len co xanh md dam Ire dieong den goi Id ddnh bdng via he" (du xuan) Nhung cai su chua ngoa nay khdng gidng nhu may chi ban hang ngoai chg "cong cdn" va
"xia xoi". ma la kieu \iet "ddnh vong tir via he ndy sang cdt dien kia" nhu mgt nguiii l5ni ldi nhieu >'. khien khoi ngudi doc van Nguyin Viet Ha "giat minh thon thdt". tudng nhu minli. chu>en nha minh, chuyen phd minh . bi nlia van bdc me. Cung nhd \i\\ ma "Hd Ndi
5ft II T R U d N B BAI HOC T H U BO HA NDI
trong vdn cita anh nhdn nhip giip hdi" (Nguyen Truang Quy). Tit dinh nghia v l thudl ngi dudng phd "an du", tac gia "lieng" sang edu chuyen "cd mgl dgo a via he Hd Ngi dimg chii
"dn du" theo nghia rdt te. Khi thdy mgt gd quan tham dd cd hiet thir lai cd chiem Idy mgl sudl phdn nhd be d Irong khu lap Ihi rdi thanh thdn bg cdnh an todn. Hade mgl gido su da cd vp khdn. eg bd dep md vdn ga linh Idy diem cd be sinh vien ndm cudi nliech nhac sau do ung dung hint Iri thi ngirdi la cdm Ihdn "Ihdng dy a, nd dn du rdi". Bgi loai, cdi Ihdng dj- la Ihdng da dn "ddy" cdn dn ca "hi Idt", mgt Ihu cue ky bgi hoai bdn lien" (an dii); tir chuyen Hd Ndi co phd cd hay khdng? "lieng" sang ho phim Liu chong (dao dien Phi Thanh Van) dua theo tieu thuyit cua Ngd Tat Td md Nguyen Viet Ha khoai ehi khi phdt hien
"ngoai Iru mdy ndng dien vien ddng vai ddo nuang chdm rugu chdc chdn la khdng tdn.
cdn ddu ngi that ludt lugl diu mat hdn mid xua cit" (dan dng hoai ed). Dang bdn ve ban chdt "hoat bat khodng dat lan Idn cd tieu xao lint manit" ciia dam eon giai phd cd, nhd viin chpl nhd ra nhdn vat Xudn tdc dd trong Sd dd ciia Vu Trong Phung, vay id bdi them doan binh ludn: "Nhdn ddy citng rui re xin duac bdn, Sd dd hodn todn khong phai la kiel Idc vdn chucmg lieu Ihuyet thua xa Gidng Id... No vi dai vi dan gidn nd Id cudn sdch hiem hoi hay viil ve ngudi Hd Xdi". Rdi tu chuyen mdu hinli ddn dng mang hu danh d Hd Ndi mot thdi, nhd vdn "tat ngang" sang chuyen mdt hieu trudng Ipi dung mua dam nir sinh...
Viel Idi tua cho tap tdn van Con giai phd co. nhd van Nguyin Truong Quy cdn phai hien ~vii sd met ly ddc sil lmh llldn dudng phd Hd Ndi" nhung chit chira cam xuc Ihuong nlid. yeu min deu dan xudt hien Irong mdi tan van eua Nguyin Viet Hd. Kilu trill ly vdi giong dieu "tung timg" nhu: "Nho nhang Id mdi dac linh lam nin mdi dd Ihi Idn" (cao bii gid Ha Ndi) hay "Phd cd klidng ihi mdt dil bi dung luc phdt triin. Mdi ldm sao duac, khi Irong limg ngdi nhd cua nd vdn ludn cd mdy Ihdng con Irai" (con giai phd ed). Danh da nhu triet I> • "Hu danh Ihuang duoc sinh ra khi mdi Ihdng Ihuc chdl Id Ihdng nhimg ci xung xung lo minh Id dng" (hu danh dan dng). hdi hudc nhu ldi tdng kit chie chin ring:
"Con .i;iai phd cd Ihdi lem pliiiu diu ndng ndn ihiil Ilia yeu Bd Hd. Chi vi hai ly da: cdu ca irdm vda dd cd ban bia hoi luyel ngon" (con giai phd cd). Ciing cd luc rung rung nude nial: ",\Vi; nhd lid Hodn Kiim ludn dgng lhanh vimg Irong lim nliirng ke Irdi bat hanh di xa vii ki ca nhinig ngirdi may mdn cdn a lai" (eon giai phd cd)...
Gidng nhu mpt nhiip anh gia. tim hinh nghe thudl trirdc hit phu thudc vdo gdc may.
Khi ghi lai nhimg tdm hinh ^1 Hd Npi. nhd "ihodi khat .m Ihdi miin cua van eliitang'.
\gii>en \ lei Ha mdi cd duoc gdc nhin thang nhu \d> ve. anh Ian tod tdi ban doc cam giac vua CUOI xong dd ban khoan lu hoi vl nhimg dilu gay cudi. Sau eiing. gid In trong sdng lac cua \gu>en \ let Ha Id nha ^an da dung tdc phim cua minh d l gin giir ve dep ciia Hd NSi, C ho du do giu gm ^ e dep dd. cd le nhilu luc cdm bin vilt. eon chir chay ra Iren diu ngdi but cung la kh, trd, tim quan Ihdl ^d ddi mdt lia nude bdi v nghi nhihig gi thudc vl thdi cua ong ba. cha mc. chu bac minh, . rd, cung thdnh "vang bdng"
TAP CHI KHDA H D C - SC S / Z D I S || 55
3 . K E T L U A N
"Ha Ndi". "Van boa Ha Ngi" trd thanh tir khoa de dang tim kiem dugc hang chuc nghin ket qua thdng tin trong mgt gia}'. Trong sd dd. tat nhien ngudi ta tim thay vd sd van ban tung ca ve \ e dep cua Ha Ndi. van hoa Ha Ndi. Ciing cd khdng it nhung bai viet len tieng bao ddng hay cau cuu \ e \ e dep "vang bong mdt thdi" cua dat kinh ky trudc thue te Ha Ngi ciia nghin nam \'an hien dang dan bi "dung tuc hoa"... Nhung nhirng sang tac ciia Ngu>en Viet Ha (tac pham noi chung. tan van ndi rieng) van cd sue cudn hiit rieng - lang le nhung ben bi. manh liet va ggi nhieu tran trd. NTiirng ngudi sinh ra. Idn len d Ha Ndi hay nhimg ngudi thudc ve vimg dat khac yeu Ha Ngi vdi tu each mdt gia tri van hoa ddc dao ciia dan tdc deu nhan tha> tinh \ e u danh cho Ha Ngi "dong ihdnh vimg" trong tim Nguyen Viet Ha.
Nha van yeu noi nay theo each rieng cua minh. Yeu khong co nghia la \ let ve phan hay. phan dep \a tung ca, hoai niem \ e nhiing gia tri da tra thanh du vang ma cdn la thai dp thang than, nhin thang va phan anh that nhung gi dang dien ra. iham chi la su tmh tao logic suy luan du bao \"e nhung gi se dien ra... Tai ca deu bgc lg tran trd vc \ iec gin giir cac gia tri van hoa Ha Noi cho mai sau.
T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O 1 Ngu\en \ iet Ha (2013). Con giai phd cd. Nxb Tre. Ha N6i
2. Thien Ngii\en (2015y. Nguyen Viet Hd Vol tdi Hd \6i mudn ddi van vay. nga} 09/1/2015.
\annghequandoi.com.\n.
3. Lam Thu (2015). Nlid vdn Nguyen Viel Hd dau long ve sirxd bd ciia Hd .Vd;. nga} 09/1/2015.
\ nexpress.net.
4 Lam Thu (2016). i\giiyen Viet Hd ra mat tuyen tdp rriiyen ngdn. 2 1/1,''2016. Vnexpress.net.
"BOYS FROM THE OLD QUARTER" B^ NGUYEN VIET HA - A \ ERTICAL PERSPECTIVE OF HA NOI
Abstract. There were many writers » ho had ii ruten literacy ii orks about Ha Noi before.
bul \gii\ei! Viel Ha made a greal impression on readers through "the vertical perspective" - an honest reflection of objects thai we have observed In "Bo\s from ihe Old Quarter" he did not exaggerate or indicate a bias towards the posUive values .Also, he did not inmsform objects defeci'- lU order lo make them become "fit" or "beuuliful"
The perspective showed us both exquisjie beauty and inherent dehcis ofHa^oi His lone and discourse Mere not only hwlesque hut also philosophical and emotional contaiumg deep com. erii ( oboiil preseiTiug the .wiil of the land ii iih a-lhou.saiul-\ ear-old c ulliire Keywords- \guy en Vie! Ha. thework.s Boys from ihe Old Quarter a vcriiciil j>er.\peclive Luliiire of Ha .\(?i.
