KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE
Giai phap hoan thien cong tac quan ly khai thae, bao tri cong trinh dudng bg tren dja ban TP. Ha Npi
• ThS. NCS. TRAN TRUNG KIEN -TrUdng Dai hgc Cdng nghe Giao thdng vdn tdi
TOM TAT Bai bao trinh bay thyc trang cong tac quan ly khai thic, bao tri cong trinh dudng bg tren dia ban TP Ha Ngi, qua dg chl ra nhung ket q u i dat dupe, nhung tdn tai, tren co s6 do de xuat cac gili phap nham hoan thien cong tac quan ly l<hai fhac, b i o tri cong trinh duong bo tren dia ban thanh pho trong thoi gian toi
Tir KHOA: Khai thae, b i o tri, duang bo, TP Ha Npi ABSTRACT: This paper presents current situation management, maintenance of the road traffic in Ha Noi city, review all results, problems and susgest solutions to complete the management, maintenance of the road traffic in the future KEYWORDS: Exploitation, maintenance, roads, Ha Noi city.
I . D A T V A N D i
Cdng trinh dUdng bd sau khi dua vao khai thae va trong sudt q u i trinh khai thae sir dung dUdi tac ddng eiia t l i trgng, sU khai thae sU dung ciia con ngUdi, t i e ddng eiia eie yeu to moi trUdng xung quanh va khi hau dan den xudng cap, hu hdng. De han che sU xudng cap, hu hdng va nham keo dai thdi gian khai thae sif dyng can p h l i bao tri trong thdi gian khai thic sif dyng.
Mang lUdi dudng bg tren dia ban Ha Ndi ed tdng chieu dai 20374km, trong dd he thdng dUdng bd do Sd GTVT q u i n ly gdm: 1087 tuyen dudng, tdng ehieu dai 1989.88km, tong dien tieh mat dUdng 23964249m=; 175 tuyen he vdi tdng dien tfeh 2068874m^; 516km eong, ranh t h o l t nudc; 458 eau nhd, eau trung, 7 eau vUgt nhe, 8 ham eo gidi, 37 ham dl bg, 68 ham ehui dan sinh, 33 eau vUOt dUdng danh eho ngUdi di bd va 8 eau Idn (cau Chuong Duong, Vinh Tuy, Thanh Tri, Nhit Tan, eau Ddng Trii, Thang Long, Phii Ddng 1, Phii Ddng 2). ThUe tien eho thay, mang ludi dUdng b6 tren dm ban Ha N6i d l va dang ddng vai trd rat quan trgng, tao eg s6 dap Ung dugc nhu cau ve van tai hang hoa va di lai ciia ngudi dan ngay mot tang nhanh, bao dam an toan, thuan lai, gdp phan quan trgng p h i t tnen kinh te - xa hgi tren dja ban. Tuy nhien, vdi luu luang van chuyen ngay mdt tang, cdng trinh ngay cang xudng cap, cho nen cdng t i e duy tu, sira chUa ean duae thuc hien thudng xuyen, djnh ky, tif dd dan den ddi hdi cap thiet ciia edng t i e q u i n ly khai
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thae va b i o tri cdng trinh.
Thuc te hien nay, edng t i c quan ly khai thic, bao tri cdng trinh dudng bd chii yeu duge giao eho cae cdng ty quan ly va sifa ehiJa dUdng bd thUc hien theo phUOng thUc dat hang. Ngoai nhiJfng ket qua thue hien dugc ghi n h l n , theo danh g i l cda elc ehuyen gia, cdng t i e quin ly khai thic, b i o tri cdng trinh dudng bg van edn nhijfng ngi dung chua dap Ung dugc yeu eau thuc tien. Vi vay trong thdi gian tdi, edng t i e quan ly khai thae, b i o tri cong trinh dUdng bd eang trd nen cap bleh va la nhiem vy quan trgng ddi vdi 56 GTVT Ha Ngi.
2. T H U C T R A N G Q U A N L Y KHAI T H A C , B A O TR) C O N G TRlNH DUdNG B O T R £ N DjA B A N TP. H A NQI
2.1. Ve phUtfng thufc qudn ly khai thae, b i o tri cong t r i n h dUdng bo
2.1.1. Giai doan tdndm 2014 ve trUdc
Cong tae q u i n ly khai thae, b i o tn cong trinh dudng bd thUc hien theo Nghi djnh sd 31/2005/ND-CP ngay 11 t h i n g 03 n i m 2005 cua Chinh phu ve sin xuat va eung ifng sin pham, djch vu cdng feh va Quyet dinh sd 113/2009/QO-UBND ngay 21 t h i n g 10 nam 2009 eOa UBNDTP. Ha Ngi ve viec ban hanh quy ehe dau t h i u , dat hang eung ufng cac sin pham dich vu do thi tren dia ban TRHaNdi.
Trong giai doan nay, edng t i e q u i n ly khai thae, bao tri edng trinh dudng bd duge thue hien theo phuang thUc dat hang. Cac don vj dugc giao thuc hien dat hang gdm: Cdng ty Cd phan Xay dUng edng trinh Giao thdng 1, C6ng ty Cd phan Cdng trinh Giao thdng 2 H I Nor, Cong ty Co phan Cong trinh Giao th6ng Ha Ndi, C6ng ty Cd phan Quin ly va Oau t u xay dung dudng bg Ha Ngi, C6ng ty Cd phan Q u i n ly va Xly dung OUdng bg 1 HaTly.
2.1.2. Giai doan tdndm 2015 den nay Cong t i e q u i n ly khai thic, b i o tri e6ng trinh dudng bg duge thUe hien theo quy dinh tai Nghj djnh sd 130/2005/NO-CP ngay 16 t h i n g 10 nam 2013 eiia Chfnh Phil ve sin xuat va cung dng san pham, dich vy cong ich va Quyet dinh sd 77/2014/QO-UBND ngay 10 t h i n g 10 nam 2014 eiia UBNDTP. H I Ndi ve viee ban hanh quy ehe dau thau, dat hang cung dng elc sin pham djch vu dd thi tren dja ban TR Ha Ngi.
Trong giai doan nay, ngoai hinh thUc dat hang, Sd GTVT Ha Ngi d l b i t dau then khai thf diem hinh thiJc dau thau edng t i e q u i n ly khai thae, b i o tri cdng trinh dudng bd.
- Nam 2015: Da td chUe dau thau 2 gdi thau q u i n ly, b i o tri he thdng ha tang giao thong khu dd thj Nam
KHOA H p c - C O N G N G H l Trung Yen va Oai Id Thang Long.
- Nam 2016: Tiep tuc t d chiife dau thau 9 goi thau q u i n ly khai thae, bao tri cdng trinh dUdng bo tren elc dia ban, khu vuc: Huyen Chuong My, khu do thi Viet HUng, huyen Cng Hoa, huyen Ba Vi, huyen Phuc Tho, quan Nam TU Liem, khu dd thj Van Quan - Yen Phuc (Ha Ddng), khu do thj mdi Linh Dam, quan Long Bien, huyen Gia Lam.
- N i m 2017: Md rong pham vi dau thau q u i n ly khai thic, b i o tri edng trinh dudng bg tren eae dja ban, khu vuc ngoai thanh: Huyen Me Linh, huyen Ddng Anh, huy^n Sde San, huyen Thudng Tin, huyen Phii Xuyen.
2.2. Ve nguon von quikn ly khai thae, bSo tri cong trinh tfUdng bo
Ngudn vdn quan ly khai thae, b i o tri cdng trinh dudng bg Ha Ngi lay tU ngudn kinh phi chi su nghiep kinh te giao cho Sd GTVT quan ly theo quyet dinh hang nam ciia UBND Thanh phd. Ngoai nguon chi sU nghiep kinh t^, con ngudn ho trg tif Quy Bio tri dUdng b6 Ha Ngi.
Theo b i o cao cua Sd GTVT Ha N6i, tif n i m 2011 den nay, kinh phi eho cdng t i e q u i n ly khai thae, b i o tri edng trinh dudng bd deu tang len hang n i m ; Nam 2011 thUe hien 351442 trieu ddng, n i m 2016 thue hien 956454 trieu ddng. Ty le giUa kinh phf thUe hien so vdi nhu c l u dat khoing 79.5%. Mac du kinh phi chua dap ifng dit nhu eau nhung day la mdt ty le kha eao so vdi elc dia phuong khae (thudng ehi dat tU40 - 60%).
Do thieu kinh phf nen cho den nay tren dia ban TR HI Ngi ed 284 tuyen dUdng vdi tdng ehieu dai 678.8km da den han sifa chtfa vUa, 205 tuyen vdi tdng chieu dai 266km da den ban sifa chda Idn; 25 elu da den han sifa chOa vtfa, 26 eau da den han sifa ehCfa Idn nhung van chua dugc tien hanh sira chira.
Trong thdi gian qua, chuong trinh mue tieu hang nam ciia Thanh phd nham g i l m thieu UTGT va chdng xudng cap cong trinh eung gop phan d i n g ke trong viee d i m b i o eho giao thong ludn thong sudt, an toan.
Theo chuong trinh mue tieu tai Quyet djnh sd 236/
QD-UBND ngay 15 t h i n g 01 nam 2016 cua UBNDThanh phdthl trong giai doan 2016-2020, trung binh moi n i m Thanh phd danh khoang 80 ty dong eho edng tae t d chifc, d i m b i o ATGT tren toan thanh phd.
Bing 2.1. Kinh phi chuong trinh muc tieu giai doan 2016 - 2020 Don vi: Trieu dong
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2.3. Ve cong tac dim b i o ATGT
Trong thdi gian qua, Sd GTVT Ha Ndi da thudng xuyen t d chUe giao thdng cac tuyen dUdng, nut giao thdng eho phii hgp vdi thuc te b i n g viec p h i n lai l l n dudng, bd sung bien bao, vach son ke dudng, bo trf diem quay dau xe... n h i m d i m b i o eho giao thdng ludn th6ng sudt, an toan.
Vdi hien trang e6ng trinh dUdng bd hien ed ciing vdi su gia tang nhu eau giao thong thi UTGT la viee khd tranh khoi. Tinh trang UTGT thudng tap trung tai khu vUe ndi thanh, eCfa ngd ra vaoThanh phd va vao eac gidcao diem.
Ben eanh UTGT thi tlnh trang vi pham hang lang an toan dUdng bd (ATOB) cd ehieu hudng dien ra ngay eang phUe tap. Mac du he thdng cae v i n b i n QPPL lien quan den quan ly, b i o ve hanh lang ATOB da kha day du nhung nhCfng hanh vi nhu lan chiem hanh lang ATOB lam noi kinh doanh; xay dUng nha ctfa, hang rao, leu quan trong pham vi dat eiia dudng bd; dl'u ndi trai phep vao qude 16, dudng tinh; sif dung gam eau lam nOi do xe, kinh doanh bu6n b i n ; do trgm phe t h i i x l y dUng ra dudng... van xay ra gay c i n trd va mat ATGT.
3. D A N H G I A CdNG TAC Q U A N LY KHAI T H A C , B A O T R I CONG TRtNH DUONG BO TREN DIA B A N TP.
HANOI
3.1. Mot so ket qud dat dUtfc
Thd nhdt. cdng t i c q u i n ly khai thic, bao tri cong trinh dudng bd dugc trien khai trong nhieu nam qua ve eg ban duoc thye hien theo dung cac quy djnh cua Nha nudc, ehi dao eiia UBNDThanh phd; da gdp phan d i m b i o yeu cau ky thuat, n i n g cao dUoe hieu q u i dau tU, gdp phan phye vu nhu cau di lai eiia nhan dan duac an toan, giai quyet bUe xuc dan sinh va phan nao dap Ung nhu cau phat trien kinh te - x l hdi ciia Thu dd Ha Ndi, giam UTGT.
Thd hai, tan dyng dugc luc lugng lao ddng eo nghiep vy q u i n ly khai thIe v l b i o tri cau, dudng chuyen nghiep ddng sin tren dia ban.
Thd ba, tUng budc thay doi phuong thUe q u i n ly khai thic, bao tri eho phii hgp vdi thue te, tU phuang thde giao ke hoaeh, dat hang va hien nay dang tUng budc thue hien edng t i e dau thau nham gop phan nang eao chat lugng va hieu qua cong tac q u i n ly khai thae, b i o tri.
3.2. Mot so ton tai can khac phuc
Ben eanh nhCfng ket qua dat duge ke tren, cdng tac q u i n ly khai thae, bao tri edng trinh dUdng bg tren dia ban TP Ha Ndi van cdn mot sd tdn tai sau.
r/jt/fi/id't, cdng t i e b i o tri van cdn mang nhieu tfnh chat suvu, phuc vu eac nhiem vu ehinh trj, thuc hien elc nhiem vy dot xuat va kien nghi cua eif tri, eon thieu tfnh ehii ddng trong viee sda chifa ngay elc hu hdng khi mdi xuat hien.
Thdhai, qua trinh xa hgi hda cong tae q u i n ly khai thic, b i o tri eong trinh duang bg dien ra eham, phUOng thUc dau thau ehUa duge trien khai rdng rai, ehua ed su tham gia rong rai ciia cac thanh phan kinh te va cgng ddng xa hdi.
Thdba, chua ed hinh thde quan ly hgp ddng phii hgp de khuyen khich don vi q u i n ly khai thic, b i o tri
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KHOA H O C - C O N G NGHE
cdng trinh dUdng bd chii ddng trong viec ngan chan hu hong phat trien.
Thd tu. cdng t i e d i m bao ATGT da rat tap trung nhutig g i l i quyet ehua triet de.Tmh trang vi pham hanh lang ATDB nhU lan chiem, tU do kinh doanh, do trgm phe thai... van edn xay ra gay mat ATGTva I n h hUdng den my quan do thj.
Thd ndm. ngudn vdn danh eho q u i n ly khai thic, b i o tri edng trinh dudng bd chua dap Ung dii nhu cau va van phu thuge vao ngan sich la ehii yeu. Cie ngudn von xa hdi hda la ehua cd, trong khi ngan sich Thanh phd edn han ehe nen nhieu cdng trinh khdng e6 v6n de thuc hien hoae p h l i tien hanh bao dudng, sira chUa trong thdi gian d l l .
4. GlAl PHAP H O A N THIEN CONG TAC Q U A N LV KHAI T H A C , BAO TRi C 6 N G T'RINH DUCfNG BO TREN DjABANTP.HANdl
4.1. Dau thau qudn ly khai thae, bdo tri cong trinh duofng bo
Dau thau q u i n ly khai thIe, b i o tri cdng trinh dudng bd la mot trong nhCfng g i l i p h i p quan trgng n h i m tang them tfnh canh tranh, tao ddng lue phat trien eho elc nha thIu va thu hut dugc elc thanh phan kinh te, cae td chUe xa hgi cd du dieu kien tham gia q u i n ly khai thIe, b i o tri edng trinh dudng bd.
Td chUc dau thau rdng rai ddi vdi toan bd edng t i e q u i n ly khai thic, bao dUdng thUdng xuyen va sifa chifa dinh ky cdng trinh dudng bd trU cac gdi thau ed g i l trj trong han mdc duoc ehi dinh thau theo quy dinh tai Nghi djnh sd 63/2014/NO-CP eiia Chinh phii.
Cae doanh nghiep mudn tham gia q u i n ly khai thae, b i o tri edng trinh dudng bd deu p h l i qua dau thau nang lye, Sd GTVT ddng vai trd la ngudl dat hang va to chUe dau thau, cdn doanh nghiep la nha cung cap dieh vu. Viee danh gia hdsOdUthau de lua chgn nha thau can cU vao cac de xuat ve ky thuat, nang luc, kinh nghiem va g i l . Cie nha thau dap Ung dugc ve nang life, kinh nghiem va ky thuat mdi duge xem xet ve gia.
4.2. Silr dung htfp dong quan ly khai thae, bao tri theo chat lirgng thae hien
Hop ddng quan ly khai thae, b i o tri edng trinh dudng bg theo chat luong thuc hien (Performance Based Contract - PBC) cdn ggi la la hgp ddng khoan trgn gdi, trong do viec thanh toan cho edng t i e quan ly khai thae va b i o tri dugc quyet dinh bdi mifc do dap Ung day du nhUngtieu chi can cd da duge xac dinh trude ve ket qua va eha't lugng quan ly, b i o tri.
Hgp ddng PBC bude nha thau p h l i cd nang lUe q u i n ly tdt, nghla la ed nang luc xac djnh va tien hanh kjp thdi nhUng hoat dgng sifa ehUa can thiet trong thdi gian ngIn han, trung han va dai han de dam b i o ring edng trinh van dat dugc mUe dd phye vu da ghi trong hap ddng. Ndi each khic, trong pham vi hgp ddng eac yeu eau can thiet de tuan thu theo quy djnh ciia phap luat, cae yeu eau ky thuat va chat lugng eung nhu elc quy dinh ve mdi trUdng va xa hdi nha thau dugc t u do quyet dinh phai lam gi, lam 6 dau, lam the nao, khi nao.
4.3. Tang cUcfng huy dong von cho q u i n ly khai thae, bao tri cong trinh dUdng bo
^ Ngudn lye tai ehfnh tif tai san cdng trinh dudng bg la rat Idn, do dd can khai thae hieu q u i ngudn lUe tU tai 1 2 8
sin nay vdi chu truang thu tif cdng trinh da dau t u chif khdng thu them ciia ngudi sif dung ha t i n g . Trong do, cho thue quyen khai t h i c , sif dung tai sin cdng trinh dudng bd la mot trong nhufng g i l l phap n h i m bo sung them ngudn vdn cho quan ly khai t h i c , b i o tri edng trinh dudng bg.
Hien nay, rat nhieu cdng trinh ha tang ky thuat dudng day, cap (dien lUc, ehieu sang, thdng tin lien lac), dudng dng (cap nude, t h o l t nUde, cap nhien lieu) va cac cdng trinh khic lap dat vao dudng bg v l hanh lang ATDB. Tuy nhien, cae to ehdc va ca nhan l i p dat, sif dyng elc cdng trinh n i m tren he thdng cdng trinh dudng bg deu nham mue dieh kinh doanh kiem lgi nhuin nhung ehua p h l i t r i tien thue sif dyng he thdng cdng trinh dudng b6.
Cho thue quyen khai thae, sif dung tai sin edng trinh dudng bd theo hudng cho phep eae thanh phan kinh te dugc thue lai quyen khai thae, sif dung cdng trinh dudng bd de tao nguon vdn phye vu dau t u phat tri^n cung nhu b i o tri edng trinh dudng bd. Cy th^,Thanh phd cho thue quyen khai thae, sif dung edng trinh dUdng bd trong mot thdi gian nhat djnh cho td chUe, dan vj, ca n h l n eo nhu eau; td chufc, dan vi, ea n h l n dugc thue ed quyen khai thae, sif dung ddng thdi p h l l tra phi thue hole thue hien bao tri edng trinh dudng bg theo hop ddng da ky ket.
Oe thue hien duge g i l l p h i p tren can ed hudng dan ey the ve hinh thde thUe hien, each tinh t o i n mUc g i l eho thue de thuc hien dau thau.
4.4. Tang cUdng cong tac dam bao ATGT -Trang bj day dii he thdng eac bien bao hieu dudng bg, vach son ke mat dudng;
-Tuyen truyen, nang cao y thifc cua ngUcfl tham gia giao thdng, ddng thdi can tang mdc xtjf phat ddi vol elc trudng hc^ vi pham hang lang ATDB; xe chd qua tli, qua khd;
-Tang cUdng phdi hgp giufa don vj quin ly khai thae va b i o tri cdng trinh dudng bd, TTGT, CSGT va ehfnh quyen dia phuong trong viec b i o ve edng trinh dUdng bg.
5. K^T LUAN
Cdng t i e q u i n ly khai thic, b i o tri cdng trinh dudng bd tren dia ban TR H I Ngi cd vai trd het sife quan trgng. Bai b i o da phan tfeh thue trang, riit ra duge mdt sd danh gil trong edng t i c q u i n ly khai thae, b i o tri cdng trinh dudng bg tren dja b l n t h a n h phd va da de xuat dugc mot sd gili phap hoan thien cong t i e nay trong thdi gian tdi •
Tai lieu tham khdo
[1]. Nghiem Van Dinh, Nguyen Quynh Sang (2009), Kinh tequdn lykhai thde cdng trinh cdu dUdng, NXB. GTVT.
[2]. Sd GTVT Ha Ndi (2016), Bdo cdo so 219/BC-SGTVT ngdy 17/03/2016 vecdng tdc qudn ly, bdo tri hi thong ha tdng giao thdng tren dia bdn TP. Hd Ndi.
[3]. UBND TR Ha Ndi (2018), Quyet dinh so 09/QD- UBND ngdy 03/05/2018 ban hdnh quy dinh qudn ly, khai thde vd bdo tri hi thong dUdng do thi tren dia bdn TP. Hd N6i.
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Ngay nhan bai: 01/10/2018 Ngay chap nh|n dang: 26/10/2018 Ngadii phdn bien:TS. Nguyen Quynh Sang
