KEWH TE VA ftuAlS EY
GIAI PHAP THUC DAY H d P TAC K I N H TE
G I Q A VIET NAM VA THAI LAN
Masd: 96.1IIEM.12
Le Hoang Oanh
Vu Th| trudng Chau A - Thai Binh Dfldng Bp Cong Thfldng
E-mail: [email protected] Ngiynhpn: 27/04/2016 Ngiynhpnial: 20/05/2016 Ngiy duypt dang: 27/05/2016
•^1' let Nam vi Thii Lan cd mdi quan he hQu nghj vi hpp tie truyen thdng. Quan he hpp tie kinh td W glQa hai node trong thdi gian qua phat trien tdi dep, dat dUde nhieu ket qua tieh cue. Bii viet dddi diy khil quit tinh hinh hdp tic glQa hai nude trong Ifnh vUc thoang mai,^ dau tu vi edng nghiSp, phin tieh mdt sd trien vpng, cd tidi hdp tic mdi vi dua ra mdt sdgiai phap de hai bSn tin dung thdi cd mdi, dUa quan he hdp tic kinh tephit triS'n tUdng xdng vdi tam quan he ddi tic chien luac ting cudng.
Tdkhoa: quan hS Viet Nam - Thii Lan, hdp tic kinh td, thUdng mai, cdng nghiSp.
1. Tlnh hinh hop tac kinh te gifla Vi^t Nam va Thai Lan
Ke tfl khi thiet lap quan he ngoai giao ngay 06/8/1976, tinh den nay, quan he hop tac kinh te gifla Viet Nam va Thai Lan da dat dfldc nhieu thanh tyu dang khich le, dac biet trong ITnh vyc thuong mai, dau tu va edng nghiep.
1.1. Hap tic ve thuang mat Trao ddi thuang mai
Trong giai doan 10 nam tfl 2005 - 2015 (bang 1), trao ddi thUdng mai gifla Viet Nam va Thai Lan phat trien lien tuc va kha dn dmh vdi tde dp tang trudng trung binh dat khoang 13,5%/nam, kim ngach tang tfl 3,24 ty USD nam 2005 len 11,5 ty
USD nam 2015. Trong cung thdi ky, tdc dp tang trudng xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang Thai Lan tang trung binh 16%/nam, cao hon tdc dp tang trudng nhap khau tfl Thai Lan, trung binh 13%/nam.
Nam 2015, tdng kim ngach trao ddi thUdng mai Viet Nam - Thai Lan dat khoang 11,46 ty, tang 8,3% so vdl nam 2014, trong dd xuat khau cua Viet Nam dat 3,18 ty USD, giam 8,6% so vdi nam 2014, nhap khau dat 8,28 ty USD, tang 16,8% so vdl nam 2014. Trong 4 thang dau nam 2016, trao ddi thupng mai gifla hai nfldc dat khoang 3,55 ty USD, trong dd xuat khau eua Viet Nam dat 1,12 ty USD, nhap khau eua Viet Nam dat 2,42 ty USD.
Bang 1 , Trao dd'i thuang mai Viet Nam - Thai Lan 2005 - 2016
Dan VI tinh: trISu USD
VNXK VNNK XNK Nliap sieu
2006
863,0 2.374,1 3.237,1 1.511,1
2006
930,2 3.034,4 3.964,6 2104,2
2007
1.030,0 3.7442 4.774,2 2714,2
2008
1.288,5 4.905,6 6.194,1 3.617,1
2009 .
1.3142 4.471,1 5.785,3 3.156,9
2010
1.182,8 5.6023 6.785,1 4.419,5
2011
1.9383 6.383,6 8.321,9 4.445,3
2012
2.832,2 5.791,9 8.624,1 2.959,7
2013
3.069,6 6.283,4 9.353,0 3213,8
2014
3.475,5 7.092,8 10.568,3 3.617,3
2015
3.176,5 8.283.9 11.460,4 5.107,4
4T/2016
1.123,4 2.429,5 3.552,9 1.306,1
Ngudn: Tdng cue Thdng kS, Tdng cue Hal quan
So 96/2016
_l(hoa hoc ^
'thififngmai g
jSmm TE VA ^VAX EY
Thai Lan hien dang la ddi tae thUdng mai ldn nhat cua Viet Nam trong ASEAN. Trong khi dd, Viet Nam la ddi tae thUdng mai ldn thfl 4 cua Thai Lan trong ASEAN.
Cae mat hang xuat khau chinh cd kim ngach ldn tfl Viet Nam sang Thai Lan gdm cd dien thoai eac loai va llnh kien; phfldng tien van tai va phu tung; may vi tinh, san pham dien tfl va linh kien;
may mdc, thiet b\, dyng cy phu tflng; thuy san; sat thep eae loai; dau thd; xo, spi det cae loai; san pham tfl sat thep; hat dieu.
Cac mat hang nhap khau chinh cd kim ngach ldn tfl Thai Lan gdm cd xang dau; may mde thiet bl dung cu phu tung khac; hang dien gia dung; linh kien, phu tung; chat deo nguyen lieu; d td nguyen chiec; may vi tinh, san pham dien tfl; hda chat; vai cac loai; nguyen phu lieu det may, da giay...
Mdt dac diem cd the thay la Viet Nam lien tuc nhap sieu tfl Thai Lan. Trong nam 2015, Viet Nam nhap sieu tfl Thai Lan khoang 5,11 ty USD.
Nguyen nhan cua tinh trang nhap sieu lien tue trong thdi gian qua chu yeu la:
- Cd cau mat hang xuat khau eua hai nude cd nhieu diem tUdng ddng. Ca hai nUdc deu xuat khau cae mat hang det may, giay dep, ndng san, thuy san, gao, eao su, may tinh, thiet bi dien... Tuy nhien, hang Thai Lan ed tinh eanh tranh cao hon nhieu so vdi hang Viet Nam khdng chi tai nude thfl 3 ma ngay tai thi trudng Viet Nam. Viet Nam nhap khau kha nhieu cac mat hang tieu dung, san pham gia dung, ndng san tfl Thai Lan trong khi eae mat hang nay eung duoc san xuat tai Viet Nam. Vi dy, nam 2015, Viet Nam nhap khau 244,3 trieu USD cac mat hang diSn gia dung va linh kidn; 60 tridu USD mat hang rau qua; 19 trieu UStD mat hang sfla va san pham sfla, 7,3 trieu USD mat hang ngd; 51,4 trieu USD mat hang giay va san pham tfl giay; 10 trieu USD mat hang thuy tinh va cac san pham tfl thuy tinh...
- Nhu cau nhap khau nguyen lieu san xuat dau vao tfl Thai Lan nhu phu tflng, linh kien eua cac tap doan da qude gia dau tu tai Viet Nam vl Thai Lan ed nganh cdng nghiep phu trp phat trien;
Xu hudng ehuyen djch dau tu tfl Thai Lan sang Viet Nam trong nhflng nam gan day do mpt sd yeu td bat ldi tai Thai Lan nhu bat dn ehinh tri, lUdng Cd ban tang cao... Khi chuyen nha may sang Viet Nam, cac doanh nghiep nay phai nhap khau may mde, nguyen lieu dau vao tfl Thai Lan;
Trong nhflng nam gan day. Thai Lan trien khai rat manh me va cd hieu qua eac hoat ddng xue tien thUdng mai tai Viet Nam. Hang nam, Thai Lan
10
iihoa hoc thififngmai
van duy tri td chfle nhieu hdi cho, trien lam san pham hang Thai Lan tfl Bac vao Nam va dfldc ngfldi tieu dung Viet Nam quan tam va hudng flng tich cflc;
- Cac doanh nghiep xuat khau cua Thai Lan co ehien luoc kinh doanh rd rang, bai ban, da dau tu nghien cflu th; trfldng Viet Nam, nam vflng va tan dyng kha tdt ed hdi mang lai tfl viee ngfldi tieu dflng Viet Nam khdng thieh tiang hda chat Iflpng thap cua Trung Qude.
ca chd hpp tie song phUdng vi da phuang Viet Nam va Thai Lan da thanh lap Uy ban hdh hpp vd Hpp tae song phUdng do cap Phd Thu tfldng cua hai nude lam ddng Chu tjch; Uy ban hdh hdp ve ThUdng mai do Bd trudng Bd Cdng ThUPng Viet Nam va Bd trUdng Bd ThUdng mai Thai Lan lam ddng Chu tieh. Gan day nhat, Ky hop lan thfl 2 Uy ban hdh hpp (UBHH) ve ThflPng mai Viet Nam - Thai Lan do Bd Cdng Thfldng Viet Nam va Bo Thfldng mai Thai Lan ddng chu tri da dieh ra tai Bang Cdc thang 7/2015 nhan djp Hai Ben tien hanh hpp ndi eac ehung. Tai Ky hpp, hai ben da dat ra muc tieu kim ngach trao ddi thUdng mai song phuong dat 20 ty USD vao nam 2020 va thdng qua
"Ke hoach hanh ddng ve hpp tac trong ITnh vUc thUdng mai va dau tu giai doan 2015-2020".
Ben eanh cac co che hpp tac song phUdng, Viet Nam va Thai Lan da tieh eye phdi hdp de trien khai cae hoat dpng hpp tac trong eae ITnh vye thUdng mai, cdng nghiep, nang lUdng trong cae khudn khd hpp tac tieu vung va da phUdng nhu: Chien lupc hdp tac kinh te Ayeyawady-Chao Phraya-Mekong (ACMECS); Hdp tae Tieu vung Me edng md rdng (GMS); Cpng ddng kinh te ASEAN (AEC); Hdp tac gifla ASEAN va cac nude ddi tac (thyc hien cac Hiep dmh thUdng mai ty do gifla ASEAN vdi Trung Qudc, Nhat Ban, Han Qudc, Ot-xtray-lia, Niu Di-lan, An Dp; dam phan Hiep dmh Ddi tac kinh te toan dien khu vUc (RCEP)).
Hap tic xue tidn thuang mai
Trong thdi gian qua, hai ben da hdp tac trien khai nhieu hoat ddng xuc tien thUdng mai tai mdi nudc. Hang nam, hai nfldc cung da trao ddi hang chuc doan doanh nghiep di khao sat thj trfldng, tham dfl hdi thao ket ndi thflOng mai, dau tu, tham gia hdi chp, trien lam tai mdi nude. Bd Cdng ThUdng da phdi hdp chSt che vdi Dai sfl quan Thai Lan tai Vigt Nam va cac ed quan lien quan eua Thai Lan de td chfle eac hpi chp hang Viet Nam tai Thai Lan. Nam 2016, nhan djp ky niem 40 nam thiet lap quan he ngoai giao Vidt Nam - Thai Lan, Bd Cdng Thfldng chu tri td ehflc mpt sd hpat ddng
So 96/2016
KEVH TE VA ftUASf EY
xuc tien thUdng mai quan trpng tai Thai Lan nhfl Hpi chd hang Viet Nam - Thai Lan tai Odng Bae Thai Lan (dy kien 12/2016 tai tinh Udon Thani);
Dieh dan xflc tien Thfldng mai va Dau tfl tai Bang Cdc, Thai Lan (dy kien thang 10/2015); Dieh dan nang Ifldng Viet Nam - Thai Lan lan 2 tai Thai Lan.
Thai Lan trong nhieu nam qua da trien khai rat manh me va ed hieu qua cac hoat dpng xuc tien thuang mai tai Viet Nam. Hang nam, Thai Lan vah duy tri td chfle nhieu hdi chd, trien lam, ngay hdi mua sam hang Thai Lan tai cae thanh phd ldn cfla Viet Nam va dflpc ngfldi tieu dflng Viet Nam quan tam. Thdng qua cae hdi ehp nay, Thai Lan da rat thanh cdng khi gidi thieu va dua cac san pham Thai vao th; trudng Viet Nam nhu san pham gia dung, hda my pham, may mac, giay dep, trang sflc, phu kien thdi trang, ndng san, thyc pham, dd udng va cae mat hang tieu dung khac.
Hpp tie gao
Viet Nam va Thai Lan la nhflng nfldc san xuat va xuat khau gao hang dau tren the gidi. Hpp tac gao neu trien khai tdt se giup hai ben nang cao nang lyc san xuat, marketing gao, han ehe canh tranh, gifl gia xuat khau hpp ly va dn dmh gia lua eho ndng dan. Thdi gian qua, liai ben da ed mpt sd hoat dpng hpp tae trao ddi thdng tin, chia se kinh nghiem lien quan thdng qua cd ehe trao ddi gifla Hiep hdi Luong thye Viet Nam (VFA) va Hiep hpi eac nha xuat khau gao Thai Lan (TREA).
1.2. Hap tie vedau tU
Theo sd lieu cua Cue Dau tu nude ngoai, tinh den het thang 02/2016, Thai Lan la nha dau tu Idn thfl 11 vao Viet Nam Vdi 428 dfl an va tdng vdn dang ky la 7,89 ty USD. Cac dfl an FDI cua Thai Lan ehu yeu tap trung vao ifnh vflc cdng nghiep che blen, che tao (vdi 200 dy an va gan 7 ty USD vdn dau tu, chiem 47% tdng sd dy an va 88% tdng vdn dau tu eua Thai Lan tai Viet Nam); ndng lam thuy san (31 dy an va 235,4 trieu USD vdn dau tU, chiem 7% tdng sd dy an va 3% tdng vdn dau tu tai Viet Nam); xay dyng ha tang edng nghiep; ban budn ban le; djch vu luu trfl va an udng...
Nhieu doanh nghiep ldn cua Thai Lan dang tien hanh cae hoat dpng tham nhap va md rpng dau tu tai Viet Nam dya tren nhflng danh gia ve quy md thi trfldng va dy bao ve sflc mua ngay cang manti me tai th; trudng Viet Nam. Mdt sd trfldng hop dien hinh ve doanh nghiep Thai cd hoat dpng dau tu rat thanh cdng tai Viet Nam trong thdi gian qua ed the ke den la Bangkok Bank, Tap doan Dau khi Thai Lan, Siam Cement Group, Central Group, Berii Jueker Pie (BJC), Amata,
Thai Corp International, Kan Air.
Hien nay, cac dfl an dau tU cua Thai Lan da ed mat d 30 tinh va thanh phd tai Viet Nam. Hai Ben dang thuc day eae dy an Idn d Binh Dmh, Quang Ninh, Quang Trj, Ba R|a - Vung Tau.^ Neu cac dy an dupe thdng qua, Ttiai Lan ed the vUOn len la nudc cd vdn dau tu ldn thfl 8 d Viet Nam.
d chieu ngUde lai, dau tfl cua Viet Nam cdn d mflc thap vdi 10 dy an va 25,7 trieu USD vdn dau tu tinh den het thang 12/2015.
1.3. Hpp tie ve edng nghiSp
Hpp tae edng nghiep gifla Viet Nam ke tfl thdi gian nhflng nam dau thap ky 90 da ed nhflng bfldc phat trien manh me vdi mdt loat cac dfl an ldn trong cac ITnh vye nhfl tham dd, khai thac, che bien dau khi, san xuat dien, hda chat. Hau het cae dy an deu dang hoat ddng cd hieu qua. Mpt sd dy an hdp tac dien hinh da trien khai ed hieu qua hoac dang trong giai doan phat trien dy an cd the ke den gdm:
- Cac dy an tim kiem, tham dd, khai thac dau khi theo cae hdp ddng chia san pham (PSC) tai mpt sd Id ngoai khoi Viet Nam va tai nude thfl ba (Algeria);
- Dfl an Lien doanh Khi hda long tai Ddng Nai -VT Gas (tfl nam 1993);
Tap doan SCG Thai Lan hien dang gdp vdn 46% de cflng cae ddi tac khae dau tu xay dyng va van hanh Td hpp Hda dau mien Nam tai Vung Tau, dy kien van hanh thUdng mai vao nam 2018;
- Cdng ty Toyo Thai dflng dau lien doanh Nha thau EPC thyc tiien dy an xay dyng Nha may san xuat Ethanol sinh hpc tai Binh Phflde;
Dfl an BOT Nha may nhiet dien Quang Tri (dang trong giai doan xem xet, phe duyet bao cao kha thi);
Tap doan Dau khi Thai Lan (PTT) tham gia Dy an Td tipp lpc hda dau Nhdn Hpi (hien dang trong giai doan danh gia lai hieu qua dau tu va ed eau lai dy an, do gia dau tren thi trudng the gidl giam sau).
2. Mpt so thugln Ipi va kho khan trong hdp tac kinh te'giOa Vi§t Nam va Thai Lan
2.1. Mpt sdthupn lai
Viet Nam va Thai Lan thiet lap quan he ngoai giao ngay 06/8/1976. Quan he hflu ngh] va hpp tac gifla hai nude ed bude phat trien tieh eye ke tfl nam 1994, sau khi Thai Lan tuyen bd ung hp Viet Nam trd thanh quan sat vien eua ASEAN. Hal nude da thiet lap dupe khudn khd hpp tae toan dien, bao gdm chinh tr|, kinh te, thUdiig mai, dau tfl, van hda - xa hdi, giao dye, dao tao, thd thao, du Ijch, qude phdng - an ninh, ca ngoai giao chinh
So 96/2016 Jhoa hoc "^
'thifdng'mai 11
RKSM TE VA ftEA^f EY
thfle va ngoai giao nhan dan. Hai ben cung da hpp tac chat ehe trong eac khudn khd hdp tac da phUdng khu vUc va qude te, dac biet tfl khi Viet Nam trd thanh' thanh vien thfl 7 cfla ASEAN vao ngay 28/7/1995.
Hal nfldc thiet lap quan he ddi tae chien lUpc thang 6/2013 nhan chuyen tham chinh thfle Thai Lan cua Tdng Bi thu Nguyeh Phu Trpng. Thang 7/2015, nhan chuyen tham chinh thfle cua Thu tudng Nguyeh Tan Dung tai Thai Lan, hai ben da ra Tuyen bd ehung "Bude vao thap ky thfl 5 quan he Viet Nam - Thai Lan: Hfldng tdi quan he Ddi tac etiien lUdc tang cudng".
Quan he hflu nghi va hdp tac toan dien Viet Nam - Thai Lan dang ngay cang phat trien tdt dep hdn, dupe Lanh dao va nhan dan hai nude eung quan tam vun dap, phu hpp vdi xu the phat trien eua khu vue va toan eau. Day la mdt nhan td tich cue, tao tien de va mdi trfldng thuan ldi cho viec day manh eae hoat ddng hop tac kinh te, thfldng mai va dau tU gifla hai nfldc.
Trong giai doan mdi, ca Viet Nam va Thai Lan deu dang dflng trflde nhieu cd hpi ldn de tang cudng hpp tac thUdng mai va dau tu tren cd sd hai ben cung ed ldi.
Cpng ddng Kinh te ASEAN (AEC) da dupe chinh thfle thanh lap tfl thang 12/2015. AEC cd ban setrd thanh mdt thj trfldng ehung gdm khoang 600 trieu ngudi tieu dung vdi tdng GDP gan 3.000 ty USD, mdt khdng gian san xuat thdng nhat, giup phat huy lpi the ehung cfla khu vye ASEAN. Hang hda, djch vy, vdn, cdng nghe va lao ddng cd tay nghe se dUde ty do luu ehuyen trong ASEAN ma khdng chju bat cfl hang rao hay sy phan biet ddi xfl nao gifla eac thanh vien. Trong sd cac Hiep dmh Thfldng mai ty do (FTA), ke ca TPP, thi mflc cat giam thue quan trong AEC la eao nhat hien nay.
Cd hdi cho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam va Thai Lan khi AEC hinh thanh dd la md rpng thj trudng tieu thu san pham cua minh tai mdi nfldc, dfldc thuan ldi hon khi tien hanh hoat dpng dau tu tai mdi nudc do vdn dau tu dupc ty do luu ehuyen, eac rao can ve dau tu tai mdi nudc dupe dd bd.
Cpng ddng Kinh te ASEAN eung tao dieU kien eho doanh nghiep Viet Nam va Thai Lan tang eudng hpp tac thUdng mai va dau tu de xuat khau sang cae nudc ddi tae da ky FTA vdi ASEAN.
Doanh nghiep Viet Nam cd the tan dung viec ha gia nguyen vat lieu dau vao va dn dmh ngudn nhapkhau tfl Thai Lan de giam gia thanh san xuat eac san pham xuat khau sang cac nude ddi tae FTA eua ASEAN.
Vdi viec Hiep dmh Ddi tae Xuyen Thai Binh Dfldng TF'P vfla dflpc ky ket thang 2/2016, dfl kien cd hieu Iflc tfl nam 2018, cung vdi viee mdt loat eac Hiep dmti FTA song phflOng khae ma Viet Nam vfla mdi ky (FTA Viet Nam - EU; FTA Viet Nam - Lien minh Kinh te A-Au; FTA Viet Nam - Han Qudc); ViSt Nam dang dflng trflde nhieu cd hpi Idn de md rpng thj trfldng xuat khau va tang cudng thu hut dau tu niidc ngcai. Day la mpt ldi the rieng cua Viet Nam ma rat it nude trong AEC cd dUdc. Ldi the nay lam tang tinh hap dah eua thj trudng Viet Nam ddi vdi eac nha dau tu Thai Lan. Ddng thdi, ban than thj trudng ndi dja Viet Nam vdi hdn 90 trieu ngudi tieu dung, vdi mflc thu nhap eua ngUdi dan ngay cang dupe cai thien, dang dUde nhieu doanh nghiep Thai Lan quan tam va hUdng den.
Ve phia Thai Lan, hien nay Chinh phu Thai Lan dang rat quan tam va tich cflc phat trien cae moi quan he ve thUdng mai, dau tu va du hch vdi nUdc ngoai, trong dd, Uu tien ket noi vdi eac nen kinh te trong khu vyc. Chinh phu Thai Lan dang cd chinh sach khuyen khich va hd'trp cac doanh nghiep Thai Lan dau tu ra nudc ngoai, trudc het tap trung vao th] trudng cac nude CLMV, dac biet la Viet Nam. Du bao trong thdi gian tdi, eac nha dau tu va doanh nghiep Thai Lan se tang eudng sy hien dien eung nhU trien khai cac hoat ddng thUdng mai va dau tu tai Viet Nam de tan dung nhflng ed hpi kinh doanh va nhflng ldi the eua th] trudng Viet Nam do bdi canh mdi tao ra.
Hpp tac vdi Thai Lan, eac doanh nghiep Viet Nam cung cd dieu kien tiep can vdi mdt khu viJc th] trudng rdng Idn vdi gan 4 ty ngudi tieu dung do Thai Lan cd v] tri cfla ngd, ket ndi tdt vdi th] trfldng An Dd, Trung Qudc, Ddng Nam A. Thai Lan dfldc ket ndi__vdi An Dp thdng qua tuyen dudng eao tdc 3 ben An Dp - Mi-an-ma - Thai Lan chay tfl Moreh (Manipur, An Dp), qua Ml-an-ma va tdi Thai Lan tai Mae Sot, tao thuan lpi cho viec van chuyen hang hda va hanh khach tfl Thai Lan sang An Dd. Mien nay, Viet Nam cung dang de ngh] md rdng tuyen dudng nay sang Lao, Cam-pu-ehla va Viet Nam.
Thai Lan la nude cd tuyen dudng bd duy nhat ket ndi Chau A vdi Malaysia va Singapore. Nhieu d]a ban thudc Thai Lan va Viet Nam eung nam tren eac tuyen hanh lang kinh te Bac Nam, hanh lang kinh te Ddng Tay, hanh lang kinh te phia Nam (dupc xay dyng trong khudn khd chUdng trinh hdp tac tieu vflng Me Cdng md rpng). Day la nhflng dieu kien het sflc thuan ldi cho viec day manh hdp tac kinh te, thUdng mai gifla hai nude va vdi cac nudc khac da dupe ket ndi giao thdng.
12
thififngmai Mi hoc So 96/2016lUNH TE VA ftUAar EY
2.2. M^t so khd khan
Ben eanh nhflng dieu kien thuan lpi nhu da phan tich d phan tren, quan he hPp tac kinh te, thUdng mai gifla hai nude cung dang dflng trflde mdt sd khd khan, tdn tai.
- Trong trao ddi thfldng mai, Viet Nam dang d the nhap sieu, vdi gia tn ntiap sieu nam 2015 khoang 5,1 ty^USD, tUOng dfldng 160% tdng kim ngach xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang Thai Lan. AEC mpt mat mang den nhieu ed hdi hdp tac, mat khac cung dat ra nhieu thach thfle eho doanh nghiep Viet Nam vl se phai eh|u sflc ep canh tranh tfl hang hda cung loai cua Thai Lan ngay tai th] trudng Viet Nam trong ktii nang lyc san xuat, tiep thi, xflc tien thfldng mai, chat Iflpng cua nhieu san pham Thai Lan vfldt trdi han so vdi san pham Viet Nam.
Dau tu cua Viet Nam sang Thai Lan cdn khiem tdn. Dau tu cua Thai Lan vao ITnh vyc ndng nghiep eua Viet Nam edn thap, ehi chiem khoang 3% tong vdn dau tu cua Thai Lan tai Viet Nam.
Neu con sd nay tang len, Viet Nam cd ttie tranh thu tdt hdn vdn, cdng nghe, ky thuat eanh tac, che bien ndng lam thuy san cua Thai Lan.
- Hdp tae gao mdi ehi dflng lai d viec trao ddi thdng tin. Canh tranh Idn nhung hpp tac ehua nhieu, ehua ed hpp tae trong khau san xuat, ehe bien va xuat khau, ehua tranh thu dupe kinh nghiem eua Thai Lan.
- Hoat ddng xuc tien thUdng mai eua Viet Nam tai Thai Lan chua dupe trien khai manh me va hieu qua khdng cao, do thieu kinh phi va sy dau tu, nghien cflu sau ve th] trudng, trong khi thai Lan rat manh va thanh cdng trong hoat ddng xuc tien thUdng mai tai Viet Nam.
- Hdp tac cdng nghiep gifla hai nude mdi ehi tap trung vao mpt sd ITnh vyc hpp tae truyen thdng la dau khi, nang lupng. Hai nude hien nay da phat trien manti va chflng minh dfldc nang lye san xuat, xuat khau trong nhieu ITnh vuc cdng nghiep che bien, che tao, che bien ndng lam thuy san va ed the tang cudng hop tac de xay dyng hoac tham gia sau hon vao eac chudi gia tr], ctiudi cung flng khu vyc. Trong bdi canh hpi nhap sau rdng nhu hien nay, hpp tac edng nghiep can phai tiep tyc dupc md rpng, dae biet trong cae ITnh vyc dupe hudng ldi nhieu nhiJ d td, det may, giay dep, edng nghiep hd'trp, che bien ndng san, thuc pham... ^
3. Djnh hudng va giai phap phat trien hdp tac Wnh te'giOa Vi$t Nam va Thai Lan
Thang 7/2015, nhan chuyen tham ehinh thfle eua Thfl tfldng Nguyeh Tan Dung tai Thai Lan, hai ben da ra Tuyen bd ehung "Budc vao thap ky thfl 5 quan he Viet Nam - Thai Lan: hudng tdi quan he Ddi tae ehien lUde tang eudng". Hai ben da nhat tri day manh quan he ddi tac ehien lUde tren tat ca eae Finh
So 96/2016
vye, vdi eac d]nh hudng cu the cho quan hd hdp tae thuc chat tren ITnh vue ehinh tn, an ninh qude phdng va'kinh te. Hal ben nhat tri tich eye thUe hidn hieu qua ChUdng trinh hanh ddng trie'n khai quan he Ddi tac chien lupe giai doan 2014 - 2018; nang eao chat IUdng cua cac cd ehe hdp tac.
Ve kinh te, hai ben dat muc tidu trao ddi thUdng mai tang tnJdng khoang 10-13% mdt nam, phan ddu dat 20 USD ty thudng mai song phuong vao nam 2020. Hal ben xae djnh se tao thuan Ipi hdn nfla cho dau tU song phuong thdng qua khuyen khich md eac ngan hang thUdng mai mdi cua Thai Lan tai Viet Nam va cac ngan hang Viet Nam d Thai Lan. Hai bdn se tich eye hpp tae de thuc day eac du an dau tu chfl chdt cua doanh nghidp Thai Lan tai Viet Nam (bao gdm Dy an Lpc hda dau Nhdn Hdi eua PTT tai BlnhD]nh, Nha may Nhiet didn cua Tap doan qudc te EGA'f tai Quang Tr], nha may hda dau cua SCG tai Ba Rja Vung Tau, Dy an Khu cdng nghidp cdng nghe cao efla Tap doan Amata tai Quang Ninh); gdp phan dUa Thai Lan vao nhdm eac nude dau tu ldn hang dau tai Viet Nam, nang eao tam quan trpng chien lUde cua hpp tac dau tu trong quan he gifla Viet Nam va Thai Lan. Phia Vidt Nam khuyen khich md rdng dau tu cua Thai Lan trdn eac hnh vflc tiem nang tai Viet Nam nhU ddt may, san xuat tida chat, hda dau, cac san pham gia dyng, CdC nganh cdng nghiep phu trp (linh kidn didn tfl va 6 td), ndng nghiep va che bien thye pham, nang lupng sinh hpe va du hch.
De day manh hon nfla quan he hpp tac kinh te gifla Viet Nam va Thai Lan trong thdi gian tdi, nham tranh thu nhflng cd hpi hpp tac mdi dang dat ra, dua quan he hpp tae kinh te phat trien tUdng xflng vdl tam quan he ddi tac chien lupe tang cudng trong thdi gian tdl, can thyc hien mdt sdgiai phap cu the' sau:
ThQ nhat, ve thUPng mai, hai ben can tich cyc trid'n khai ket qua Ky hpp lan thfl hai UBHH ve ThflPng mai Viet Nam Thai Lan td ehflc thang 7/2015; phan dau dat muc tidu kim ngach trao doi thUdng mai song phuong dat 20 ty USD vao nam 2020 va tien tdi can bang can can thUdng mai.
ThQ hai, hai bdn^ can xay dyng cd che de tao thuan ldi eho trao dd'i eae mat hang ndng san gifla hai nudc, dae biet ddi vdi quy trinh kie'm d]eh hang rau qua. Hai ben tang cudng hdp tac ve gao theo cac CO che da cd gifla hai ben va trong khudn khd da phUdng ACMECS va ASEAN, trong dd, dae biet quan tam den hop tac trong khau san xuat va tiep th] thdng qua chia se kinh nghidm, ky thuat eanh tac, nghien cflu phat trie'n edng nghe, gidng mdi, xay dyng thUdng hidu, marketing san pham gao.
ThQ ba, hai bdn tang eudng hpp tae trong khudn khd da phUdng nhu Hpp tae fld'u vung Me lihnii hoc CS-
thifdng'mai 13
KEVTI TE VA ftuAflf^^
Cdng md rdng (GMS), Hdp tac ACMECS, APEC, ASEM, ASEAN... Hai ben tang cudng ket ndi ve ha tang cflng va ha tang mem de' tao thuan ldi hdn niia cho hdp tac thfldng mai va dau tU.
ThQ ffl, ve hdp tac edng nghiep, ngoai vide tiep tue phdi hdp trien khai cae dy an hpp tae trong hnh vuc nang iudng va hda chat nhfl da ndu d phan trdn, trong ttidi gian tdi, Viet Nam va Thai Lan ed the xem xet day manh hpp tae trong eae lTnh_yUc edng nghiep che bien, che tao, cdng nghiep hd'trp de' tan dung eae ed hpi ve th] trudng dya trdn the manh va nhu eau hpp tac cua mdi nude.
Thai Lan cd the manh ve vdn va nang lye san xuat trong cae ITnh vyc nhu dau khi, hda chat (nhya, chat tay rfla...), san xuat nhien lieu sinh hpc va dau md nhdn, d]ch vu ky thuat, cdng nghiep d td, xe may, co khii che tao (may va thiet bl cdng nghidp, may ndng nghiep), ddt may, da giay, edng nghiep hd'trd, edng nghiep che blen thyc pham... Nganh edng nghidp phy trd cua Thai Lan hidn nay dang duoc danti gia cd trien vpng phat trie'n rat tdt trong khu vyc, giup Thai Lan tflng bfldc tham gia sau hdn vao chudi gia tr] toan eau.
Trong ehinh sach cdng nghiep cua minh (Chien lUdc phat trien edng nghidp Viet Nam deh 2025 tam nhin 2035), Viet Nam tiidn dang Uu hen phat trie'n cac nganh nhu: cd khi, iuyen kim, may ndng nghiep, d td va phy tung d td, vat lieu mdi, hda dau, nhya^ hda dupc, che bfen ndng san, thfle pha'm, det may, da giay, didn tfl, vieh thdng, IT, nang Ifldng tai tao, dien... Trong Quy hoaeh tdng the' phat trie'n cdng nghiep hd'trd den nam 2020, tam nhin den nam 2030, Viet Nam xac d]nh eac ITnh VUe edng nghiep hd'trp uu tidn gdm: (1) llnh kien phu tung kim loai, nhya - cao su, dien - dien tfl phuc vu nganh ed khi, ehe tao may, d td, dien tfl...; (2) nguyen vat lieu, phu lieu nganh det may da giay; (3) cdng nghiep hd'trd eho cdng nghidp cdng nghe cao (thep che tao, nhya, eao su, vat Ueu mdi, vat lieu didn tfl, composit, gdm cdng nghidp, tida chat...).
Do vay Viet Nam cd the hpe hdi kinh nghidm eua Thai Lan va day manh hpp tae vdi Thai Lan trong nhflng hnh vflc edng nghidp neu trdn, dae bidt la edng nghiep hd'trd dd' xay dyng va nang cao nang lyc cho eac nha san xuat npi d]a, gdp phan phuc vu edng nghidp hda va hien dai tida dat nude.
^ThOnim, hai bdn tich cue phdi hop, day manh trie'n khai va nang cao chat lupng cac hoat ddng xue tien thUdng mai, hdi chd, trie'n lam, hoat ddng cung cap thdng tin cho doanh nghiep; td ctifle hdi ngh], hpi thao gidi thieu mdi trudng dau tu, kinh doanti;
ket ndi dau tu, giao thuong trong thdi gian tdi de cac doanh nghiep nang eao nhan thfle va nam bat cae cd hpi hop tae kinh doanh tai mdi nfldc.
lihoa hoc ^ ^ 14 thifdng mai
Ke't luin:
Quan he hdp tac kinh te, thfldng mai gifla ViSt Nam va Th^i Lan trong thdi gian qua phat trien tot dep va dat nhieu ket qua tich cflc. Tuy nhien, hai bdn vah dang dflng trflde mdt sd khd khan, thacti thfle de nang tam quan he hpp tac, dUa hdp tapdi vao chieu sau va mang lai hidu qua, ldi ich thiet thfle hdn eho mdi nUde, die bidt la Viet Nam, von dang d trinh dp phat trid'n va cd nang luc canh tranh thap hPn so vdl Thai Lan. De phat trien quan he hpp tac kinh te, thuong mai tfldng xflng vdi tam quan he ddi tae chien lupc tang cudng, Viet Nam va Thai Lan can day manh hpp tac thdng qua ca kdnh song phuong va da phUdng, tfl cap dd nha nude den hiep hdi va doanh nghiep, trong dd, phai tim ra nhflng ITnti vyc mdi ma hai ben ed the manh va ed nhu cau, phfl hdp vdi bdi eanh hdi nhapva dac die'm the manh eua mdi nfldc nhfl cdng nghiep d td, cdng nghidp hd'trd, che blen ndng lam thdy san, ehe tao san pha'm dien, didn tfl... ddng thcii phai ddi mdi phfldng tfiflc hpp tae hfldng tdi chat iupng va hieu qua. •
Tai lieu ttiam ktiio:
1. Thu tudng Chinh phu (2014), Quyet dint) so 879/2014/QD-TTg ngay 09/6/2014 phe duyet Chie'n lUdc phit trien cdng nghiep Viet Nam den nim 2025, tam nhin ddn nim 2035.
2. Bd Cdng ThUdng (2015), Quyet dmh so 9028/QEt-BCT ngay 08/10/2014 phe duySt Quj hoaeh tdng the phit trien edng nghiSp hdtrd den nim 2020, tam nhin ddn nim 2030.
3. Bd Cdng ThUdng, Bag do tdng ket cdng tk thi trudng khu vuc Chiu A - Thil Binh DUdng, nim 2013, 2014, 2015.
4. Bd Cdng ThUOng, Hd sd hdp tic sof\g phuang, thj trudng Thil Lan.
Summary
Vietnam and Thailand has built up friendly and traditional cooperation relationships. The econom- ic ties between the two countries in the past time have been highly promoted and gained consider- able achievements. The article generalizes the cooperation between Vietnam and Thailand in trade, investment and industry, analyses some potentials and opportunities for cooperation, also suggests some solutions for both sides to take advantage of new opportunities to bring the mutu- al economic relationships to a new height propor- tionate to the fostered strategic partnership between the two countries.
So 96/2016
