Nghien culi tac dong
cua mang tri thufc den qua trinh hoc tap d doi ngu giang vien
DOAN THI MAI HCTCJNG*
NGO QUYNH AN"
Torn tit
Cdu irdc mgng tri thffc cho biet cdc dgng thffc, mffc dd cdc mdi quan he giffa cdc thdnh vien trong td chffc boat ddng iri thffc. Sff dung phuang phdp phdn tich mgng xd hdi (Social Network Analysis - SNA) vdo phdn tich ddc diem cdu true mgng tn thffc trong mdt khoa chuyen ngdnh cda Trudng Dgi hgc Kinh ti'Qud'c ddn di tim hieu moi quan hi giffa cdc gidng vien tdc ddng din qud trinh hgc tap Irong td chffc. Kit qud nghien cffu cho thdy, trong khi the hi gidng viin tre vd thi'hi gidng vien cao tudi liin ke't khd td't trong mgng gidng day vd nghien cffu khaa hgc cda dan vi, thl the he trung tudi dang dffng d vi tri ngogi vi cua cdc mgng ndy.
Tit khda: phdn lich mgng xa hdi, qud trinh hoc tgp trong id chffc, nguon nhdn lffc tri thffc, gidng vien
Summary
The structure of knowledge network indicates the forms and level of relationships among members of a knowledge organization. This study employs Social Network Analysis (SNA) to analyze the characteristics of knowledge network structure of a faculty in National Economics University so as to clarify the impact of relationship among lecturers on their learning process. The results show that while the younger and the older lecturers are quite well connected in the networks of teaching and scientific research, the middle-aged ones are mostly outside these networks.
Keywords, socialnetworkanalysis, leamingprocess inanorganizadon. knowledge workers, lecturers
GlCfl THIEU vien trong ddn vi ddng vai trd quan trpng thdc day qua trinh hpc tap trong ddn vi.
He qua cua mdt mang Iffdi md'i quan hd giffa cdc Chd't Iffdng cdc md'i quan he dffdc coi la giang vien trong khoa chuyen nganh Ididng hieu qua se giup phdt huy hieu qua viec chia se ffi trd nen nguy hiem, bdi chung ed the lam can trd edng thffc trong to chffc (Rob Cross va cpng vide hodc lang phi nguon nhan lffc cua ddn vi. Trong sff, 2001), bao gom: (1) Khia canh kie'n thffc te, tinh trang nguon lffc tn thffc trong khoa chuyen thffc - cdc thanh vien deu phai nam dffdc nganh dang bi lang phi, khi khdng dffdc nhieu thdnh vien ai biet gi de khi can cd the tiep can; (2) tie'p cdn va suf dung vi muc tieu phdt trien chung cua ddn Khia canh tie'p can - cdc thdnh vien cd vi, ma bl phdn tdn, tdc nghen tai mdt sd thanh vien, dang the de'p cdn kip thdi vdi nhffng thdnh vien didn ra cd tinh pho bie'n. De cd the khdi thdng dffdc dong khdc khi can; (3) Khia canh tham gia - cac chay tri thffc nay, nang cao hieu sua't chia se vd phdt thanh vien cam ke't tim kiem thdng tin id trien tri thffc trong ddn vi. can phai phdn tich dac diem de diam gia cung vdi cac thdnh vien khdc ca'u tnic md'i quan he giffa cac thanh vien. tff dd chi ra giai quye't edng viec cua to chffc; (4) Khia nhutig diem ye'u can khac phuc cua mang Iffdi md'i quan canh an toan - cdc thanh vien tin tffdng Ian he nay, nhdm thuc day qud trinh hoc tap trong to chffc. nhau, sdn sdng chia se thdng tin. De cd dffdc md'i quan he hieu qua. can dam bao casd LY THUYET VA PHU'DNG PHAP ca 4 khia canh nay, neu thieu mot trong NGHIEN CUU sd'chung. thl md'i quan he se khdng ton tai
hieu qua va ben vifng.
Cd scf ly thuyet \ a khung phdn tich Theo Olivier (2009), de cai thien sff Chdl Iffgng cua cdc mdl quan hi xd bdi giOa cac thanh sdng tao va qua trinh hpc tap trong to 'TS., Khoa Sau dgi hgc, TrUdng Dai hoc Lao ddng - Xa hpi
"TS.. Khoa Kinh te va Quan ly Ngudn nhan Iffc, Tru'dng Dgi hpc Kinh te Quoc dan Ngd\ nhd'l hdi: 25/5/2020; Ngdy phdn bien IS/6/2020: Ngdy duyei ddng: 25/6/2020 166
chffc, tao cd hdi tang too dong chay tri thffc qua cac ranh gidi (ve; chffc ndng, llnh vffe, niem tin.,.) trong to chffc, tdng cffdng hieu qud vd hieu lffc cua cac kdnh truyen thdng hien ed, thi can phai ndng cao chat Iffdng cua cac md'i quan hd xa liSi giiS'a cdc thanh vien trong to chffc.
Dac di^m cd'u true cde md'i quan hd nay se hinh thanh nen mang xa hdi khdng chinh thffc trong to chffe.
Phdn lich mgng xd hgi. De tang hieu suat phat trien vd chia se tri thffc trong to chffc, can cd ky thudt do Iffdng de hieu dang thffc mo'i quan he trong mot mdi trffdng nhat dinh. SNA la mdt giai phap hdp ly cho yeu eau nay (Scott, 2000).
SNA cung cd'p ky thuat ddnh gia mang lifdi mdi quan he khdng chinh thffe thdng qua lap ban do va phdn tich mdi quan he giffa cac thanh vien, dpi, nhdm trong td chffc. Nhin vao ban d6 SNA cua mpt to chffc, c6 the thd'y dffdc ddng chay thdng tin, kien thffc, eiing nhff nhiJug dac diem mang quan he trong td chffc. So vdi sd do t6 ehffe - mot dang mang md'i quan hS chinh thffc ci5a td chffc, hinh dang eua mang xa hpi phi chinh thffc trong td chffc hoan toan khdc biet; vi tri, vai trd cua cdc thanh vien trong mang xa hpi phi chinh thffc tff hinh thdnh, cung khdc trong he thdng quan ly phan cap chinh thffc.
Hai mang Iffdi trong td chffe thffdng song song ton tai mdt each khdch quan;
phan ed'p ludng thdng tin, kien thffc trong mang iffdi ehinh thu'c dffde quy dinh chat che, n8n it thay d6i vd chdm tiiay ddi; trong khi, vdi mang Iffdi phi chinh thffc, sff thay doi c6 the dien ra khd nhanh va Unh boat, cho phep mpi thanh vien tham gia (ke ca nhOtig thanh vien cap thap trong ddn vi) - dieu ma mang Iffdi phan cap chinh thffc khong the dem lai. Dd chinh la ly do tai sao mang Iffdi phi ehinh thffc trong td ehffe lai trd thdnh mdi trffdng phil hdp dd'i vdi viec phdt trien qud hinh hpe tap.
Qud trinh hgc tap can mpt mdi trffdng cac thdnh vien ed mffc dd kdt nd'i cao, thl tan sua't liAi ehuyen tri diffc mdi cd the Idn.
Vi vdy, mdt mang tri thffc can phai cd mat do cao. Cdc gia tri cua thffdc do mat dp c6 the dao ddng tff 0 den 1, vdi 1 dai dien cho mdt dp day du trong mpt mang. Trong tnrdng hdp cua mang nghien cffu khoa hpc, neu mat dp cang ldn, sff gdn ke't trong nhdm cang ldn, se giup thffc hien nhiem vu nghien cffu hieu qua. Mdt do tha'p cd the chi ra mpt mffc dp hen ke't yeu kem giiJa thdnh vi6n trong nhdm va cd the anh
hffdng den ddng chay cua thdng tin can thiet trong mdt mang hpc tap.
Qua trinh hpc tap edn ddi hdi tri thffc can dffdc thffdng xuyen Iffu chuyen trong td chffe, khdng bi tac nghen, hoac khd tiep can vdi ba't ky thanh vien hay nhdm thdnh vien ndo trong td chffc. Vi vay, nhd quan Iy can quan tam tdi vai trd trung tam, trung gian cua edc thanh vien trong mang to chffe. Vai trd trung tdm (Centrality) de cap den vi tri cua mdl nut trong mdt mang cu the. Trung tdm toan mang la mpt mit d vi tri trung tam cua edc niit, cd the giup thuc da'y ddng chay cua thdng tin tff nhdm nay sang nhdm khde, md neu khdng ed chung se ldm xua't hien ca'u true mang Id - gay khd khdn cho viec cac thdng dn Iffu thong tff do tff nhom nay sang nhdm khac. Vi vay, cde ed nhan ldm edu no'i trung gian d nhffng khoang trd'ng nay cd mdt vi tri vdi sffc manh la cd the kiem soat thdng tin truyen tff nhdm nay sang nhdm kia ctia td chffc (Scott, 2000).
Khoang each giffa edc thanh vidn trong mdt mang, cd the la mdt dac trffng quan trpng ciia mang. Trffdng hdp khoang cdch Idn, cd the md't thdi gian hdn de thdng tin cd the phd bien trong toan ddn vi; hoac la, mdt so' thanh vien khdng bie't vd chiu anh hffdng tff nhffng ngffdi khdc, thdm chi ne'u hp cd kha nang cd the tiep can, thi ede ehi phi cd the qud cao de tie'n hanh trao ddi.
Khung phdn tich dffdc trinh bay trong bai viet ndy, se Iffdc di mpt ph^n cdc Iy thuyet toan hoc, md SNA thffdng dp dung va tap trung vdo mpt sd' cdng cu phan tich ddn thuan. Tuy vdy, khudn khd nghien cffu vdn theo diing cdc nguyen tac khoa hpc cua SNA, 3 bffdc g6ni:
Budc I: Phdn tich ngff canh dien ra cac mdi quan he - giup xac dinh rd hdn ddc diem cac md'i quan he giffa cde thanh vien, nhff thd' nao Id cd hieu qua.
Budc 2: Thu thap dff Hdu ve cac md'i quan he, he thd'ng hda va md td chung. Theo dd:
(i) Thu thap dff lieu bang bang hdi vdi cde edu hdi xdc dinh dde diem mo'i quan he giffa cde thanh vien trong tffng ITnh vffc cdng viec. Id cac md'i quan he ed dinh hffdng (ngffdi tra ldi Id ngffdi chii ddng tiep can hay dffde tiep cdn, hay Id md'i quan hS hai ehieu). Mffc dp than thiet, gan gui cua md'i quan he dffdc do Iffdng bang tan sud't didn ra cac sff viec ma cdc thdnh vien cd ket ndi vdi cdc gia tri tffdng ffng tff 1-5.
(ii) Md ta cac dang thffc md'i quan hd bang dd thi.
S^ dung Ghephi (0.82) de bieu do hda each thffc Hen ke't. tffdng tac vd ca'u true cua cdc thdnh vien. Cdn thudt todn dffdc sil dung, de sdp xe'p cde nut cd Hen ket vd lien ket manh vao gan nhau, dffa nhffng nut khdng hay, it lien ket ra xa nhau (Yifan Hu).
Budc 3: Phan tich dac diem cac md'i quan h^. Cdc phan tich bao gdm cac tieu chi ve ed ca'u, dac diem cua mang Iffdi md'i quan he, gdm: Kich thffdc; Mat dd; Mffc dp quan he; Mffc do trung tam; Mffc dp gan gui; Mffc dp d giffa; Mffc dp phan nhdm tach biet.
PhUrfng phap nghien cihi
Phffdng phap SNA dffdc sff dung de phat hien cdc dang thffc mdi quan he, sijf dung ba ddn vj phan tich ed ban: tffng cap (mo'i quan he), cd nhan (tffhg thdnh vien)
Economy and ForecjM Review 167
HINH 1: MANG LtTai MOI Q U A N HE GIANG DAY TRONG D d N V)
rSguon:-. - j i a xay c - ... so l,^ i tia tai ddn vi, su' d u n g thuat t o a r nan Hu GEPHI (nodes. 2 I edges 170, average degree 16 19; graph density 0.519, a v g . Path
length I 481) ( n h o m trung tudi g o m E, O, R, I M, D; n h o m cao luoi g o m C M ^.P F. N. C; cac nodes con lai thuoc n h o m tre)
vd mang (tffng nhdm). Thdi diem khao sdt vao thang 12/2019, trffdng hdp la toan bp giang vien trong mpt khoa ehuydn nganh cua Trffdng Dal hpc Kinh te Qud'c dan (ty le thu thap dffdc thong tin Id 87.5% vdi 21 ngffdi tren tdng sd'cdc thanh vien ed trong danh sdch cdn bp cd hffu tai khoa), vdi dff Heu thu thap cho cac md'i quan he didn ra trong nam 2019. Dff Hdu dffdc trinh bay theo dang mptma trdned21x21 6, trong dd d ghi Old khdng cd moi quan he, cdn Iai ghi theo mffc dp tffdng tdc eua cdc mdi quan he vdi gia tri 1-5 (5 la mdi quan he cd tan sua't nhieu nha't, manh me nhat). Bdi viet sff dung chffdng trinh phan tieh thdng ke SPSS 20.0 dd x^ Iy dff lieu (Bdi viet sff dung cdch vie't sdlhgp phdn theo chudn qudc ti).
KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
Dgc diem cac mang Wdi md'i quan h^ trong dofn vi Mang tri thffc trong mdt khoa chuyen nganh cua mdt trffdng dai hpe cdng lap tai Viet Nam la mot dang dac biet cua mang xd hdi. Mang nay dffdc hinh thdnh tai ndi Iam viec, la tap hdp nhOiig thdnh vien vdi edc nen tang van hda, sd tWch, thien hffdng nang lffc vd ky ndng khdc nhau, mac dii hp cd the cd cffng nen trinh dp dao tao bac cao. Vi vay, khi phai ket hdp vdi nhau de chia se va phdt trien tri thffc dffa tren cd sd tin tffdng Idn nhau, cung hffdng theo mpt muc tieu chung, la khdng de dang vd khdng the tff nhien phat tnen mdt each hieu qua, nhff nhuiig mang xd hdi tff hinh thanh tren cd sd cac dac diem chung ve sd thich, Iy tffdng, muc tieu. Vdi mang tri thffc trong mdt khoa chuydn nganh, thi sff ket nd'i cd the de chia se tri thffc, trao ddi vd giang day, nghi6n ciJu, hd trd phat trien giang vien tre. VI vdy, cac mang nay cd ket nd'i vdi mat dp cang cao cdng tdt va trung tdm mang phai la nhiJng giang vien cd: kinh nghiem, trinh dp chuyen mdn vffng vang, tnnh dd nghien cffu chuyen nghiep.
Mgng ludi gidng dgy. Phdn tich Hinh 1 cho tha'y, d mang giang day, trung binh mdi thanh vien cd khoang 16 ket ndi vdi 8 thanh vien khac. Mang nay the hi?n rd hffdng phat trien tdch biet giffa cdc thanh vien d tam trung tudi (E- O; M-D-1; R - Hinh 1); sff ke't ndi khd td't giffa cde nhdm thdnh vien tre va thdnh vien cao tudi.^
Sd lieu Bang chi ra rdng, sd ket ndi trung binh^ cua nhdm giang vien trung tuoi it hdn ca nhdm cao tudi vd
nhdm tre, kd ea chieu di va chieu nhan.
Cdc thanh vien tre (nhff: J. T. K) la cac nhan tdket ndi cdc nhdm giang day rat tot, la ket qua cua chinh saeh phdt trien giang vien tre cua ddn vi.
Cdc thanh vien trung tudi (nhff: O, E, M, I, R) dang bi day ra vdng ngoai ciing cua mang Iffdi. Phan Idn cac thanh vien trung mdi la cdc giang \ len da trffdng thdnh, dang d giai doan vffng vdng vj ehuyen mdn, nhffng hp khdng cd ket ndi ldn nhau, it ket ndi vdi nhffng thdnh vien cao tudi hdn, eung nhff thanh vien tre hdn. Dilu ndy the hien dffdc sff phat hien ddc lap cua ho, it chiu anh hffdng hien ddng cua mang Iffdl, nhffng ciing th^
hien sff tac nghen tri thffc tai day, khi hp it chia se. V l Idu dai, day la va'n de can giai quyet, vi theo thdi gian, sff kem ket nd'i nay se lan dan ra todn mang Iffdi, khi thd he cao tudi nghi htfu. Viec k6m ket nd'i giffa edc the he, nhdm kem ket ndi Iai ehinh la nhdm dang cd kha nang phat trien tri thffc manh me nhd't, gay n6n tinh trang lang phi nang lffc, vi khdng chia se dffpc tri thffc cho the he tre, ehuydn giao tri thffc cho cdc thdnh vien khdc, td't yeu ddn den thieu nhdn lffc giang day.
Mdt trong nhffng nguydn nhdn cua tinh trang nay la do chffa tim dffde diem chung giffa cac ITnh vffc chuyen mdn trong khoa, de nang lffc chuyen sau cua mdi thdnh vien trung tudi nay trd thanh nguon lffc tffdng thich, Iam cd sd cho sff trao doi giffa hp, cijng nhff vdi cac thanh vien khac.
Mpt thffc trang nffa trong mang gidng day eho tha'y, mpt nhdm Hen ket gidng day dang khd tdch biet vdi mang giang day chung cua toan ddn vi gdm R, O, E, thSy thieu vdng han sff ket ndi eiia thdnh vita tre trong nhdm nay. Tuyen dung b6 sung giang vien tre, thuc day qud trinh hpi nhdp mang Iffdi la mdt trong nhiMg giai phdp kha thi cho nhdm dang cd xu hffdng tach biet.
Trung tam ciia cac mang giang day khdng nhat thie't la cdn bd quan 1;^. Thong thffdng cdn bp quan ly kha ban vdi cdc cong viec quan ly hdnh chinh, vdi cac nhiem vu.
boat ddng tham gia ket ndi mang Iffdi ben ngodi, vdi nhd trffdng nen se khdng con nhieu thdi gian Iam trung tdm mang tri thffc trong ddn vi. O day hai thanh \ len cao moi d vi tri ffung tam cua mang giang day, gom:
F vdi cdc chi so cao nhai mang (degree:
34. closeness: I: betw'eenness centrality 0.14); P dffng thff hai (degree: 26.
closeness: 0.87: betweenness centrality 0.102); cdn cd cdc chi so ihd'p nha't la
168
thdnh vign E (degree: 7, closeness: 0.571;
betweenness centrahty: 0.003).
Mgng ludi nghiin cffu khoa hoc. Hinh 2 cho thd'y, vdi ca'u true mang Iffdi mdi quan he trong Hnh vffc nghien cffu cua ddn vi cd mat dp thd'p nha't (0.448), nhffng cung ed lien ket khd ddng deu (trff mdt sd thanh vien ed xu hffdng bi day ra ngoai vi). Trong dd, cung cd cde thdnh vi6n tmng tuoi, nhff: E, C, N vd T, dac biet la C va N, khdng nhffng d ngoai vi, ma cdn cf vi tri khd tach bi$t, the hidn hau nhff khdng tham gia ket ndi nghien cffu vdl cae thanh vien khdc trong ddn vi cua ho. Mpt sd thanh vien tre ed dffde sff kdt nd'i tdt, nen d vi tri gan trung tdm mang, nhff: 1, U, K. Thdng thffdng theo thuat toan, nhffng thanh vien d ngoai vi la nhffng thdnh vien cd it cac ket nd'i, cac gidng vien mdi nam d vi tri ngoai vi cua mang Iffdi nghien cffu khoa hpe trong ddn vi la dl hieu, vi hp chffa dffdc dao tao day du ve chuyen mdn va phffdng phdp nghien cffu khoa hpc, nhff: J, L, B, M .
Thffc trang mang nghien cifu mpt Ian nffa lai cho thd'y, cde thanh vien trung mdi dang phdt hien ra't ddc lap, it chiu anh hffdng eua cac chuan mffc trong ddn vi, de phdt huy sd trffdng cua ban than. Tuy nhien, cac chuyen gia nay se khd ddng gdp cho muc Heu chung, vl qud it sff gdn ket va chuyin giao tri thffc giffa ho vdi ddn vi.
Trung tdm eua mang nghian cihi khoa hpc gom hai thdnh vien, O vdi cac chi sdcao nha't mang (degree: 27, closeness:
0.87; betweenness centrality: 0.16) va H dtfng thff hai (degree: 26, closeness: 0.8;
betweenness centrality: 0.098), ed chi sd tha'p nha't la C (degree: 5, closeness:
0.556; betweenness centrality: 0.001).
M^ng gidi quyet vdn de, mgng sdng lao va mgng ra quye't dinh. Dff lieu Bang cho did'y, ben canh nhdm cao tudi trong ddn vi, nhdm trung tudi dang ngdy edng dffdc tin cay vd trdng ddi tff phia cae thanh vi6n khae, khi can giai quyet vd'n d6, khi thao luan ve mot y tffdng mdi, hay ra quyet dinh trong giang day, ciing nhff nghien cffu khoa hpc.
Chang han, neu hien nay sdbinh quan cdc thdnh vien khdc da tim kiem sff hd trd cua hp ve vd'n de trong giang day la 2.5, trong nghien cuti khoa hpc Id 3.0. thi trong tffdng lai, sdnay tang len d mffc 3.0 va 3.5 tffdng ffng. Mang sdng tao vd mang ra quyet dinh cung cd sff gia tang tffdng tff trong sdket ndi (bao gom ca tff cac giang vi^n cao tuoi) tin cay d cdc thanh vien
HTNH 2 : MANG La6l MO! QUAN Hg NGHIEN CdO KHOA HQC TRONG DdN VI
C5
c:>
^ <» <z>
ay <& ^ ^
i g u o n ' IC tac gia A lu i g difa tren so lieu di6u tra tai don VI, i U dung thuat toan Vifan Hu. GEPHI (nodes; 2 1 , edges: 137, average degree 13 0 4 8 , graph density 0.448. avg.
Path length I 5 6 7 ) , { n h o m trung tuoi g d m E, T, S, H, N, C;
n h o m cao tuoi g 6 m Q. D, 0 , R, F, P. G, r a c nodes con lai thuoc n h o m Ire- I K A.U L B, J , M}
trung tudi. Dieu nay cho tha'y, nhdm trung tudi cd ndng Iffe va uy tin eua ho trong ddn vi dang dan dffdc ciing cd'.
Tuy nhien, hp cffng ehinh Id nhdm ed mffe dp khd tidp can trao ddi va hdp tac nhieu hdn cac nhdm khac, dac biet trong Iinh vffc nghien cffu khoa hpc.
Chang ban, ndu hiSn nay, so' binh quan cdc thanh vien khdc da tim kidm sff hd trd cua ho ve van de trong giang day la 2.5, trong nghien cffu khoa hoe Id 3.0, thi trong tffdng Iai, sdnay tang len d mffc 3.0 va 3.5 tffdng ffng. Mang sang tao vd mang ra quyet dinh cung cd sff gia tang tffdng tff trong sd' ket nd'i (bao gom ca tff cac giang vien cao tudi) tin cay d cac thdnh vien trung tuoi.
Dieu nay cho tha'y, nhdm trung tudi cd nang lffc vd uy tin ciia hp trong ddn vi dang dan dffdc eiing eo. Tuy nhien, hp eung chinh la nhdm cd mffc dp khd tiep can trao ddi va hdp tdc nhieu hdn cde nhdm khdc, dde biet trong lmh vffc nghien cffu khoa hpc.
KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHj
Cdc phdt hien cho thd'y. qua tiinh hpc tap giffa the he cao tudi va the he tre kha tdt, nhffng ban than ho Iai ed nhffng han ehe. Trong khi, cac thdnh vien trung tudi, phan Idn dang vffng vdng va phdt trien dpc lap ve chuyen mdn, ddng vai trd quan trpnglrong cde mang:
giai quye't vd'n de; sdng tao: ra quyet dinh trong ddn vi, nhiftig mdi ngffdi trong sd hp dang ddc lap tai cde vi tri ngoai vi cua cde mang mdi quan he giang day vd nghien cu\i. Neu tinh trang nay tie^ tue, sc ra't khd de cdc thdnh vien trung tudi nay ed the phdt huy dffdc vai trd tru cot cua ddn vi trong tffdng lai, eung nhff ddp Iai sff mong ddi, tin tffdng cua cdc thanh vien khac trong ddn vi. De tCfng bffdc giai quyet khd khdn nay, can thffe hien ddng bo edc dinh hffdng, giai phap cu the nhff sau:
Mdt la, cdi thien chdl lugng kie'nfhffc. ky ndng ciia cdc thdnh vien. Can xay dirtig va phd bien ban do nang lffc cua cac thanh vien trong ddn vi. Dd'i vdi cde thanh vien trung tudi qua ban rdn vdi edng viec. thi can ehu ddng tim kiem mdt sd thanh \ len tre cd liem ndng trong ddn'vi de cd the chia se nhiem vu; tranh thu thdng qua
Economy and Forecast Revi. 169
B A N G : SO K E T N O I B I N H Q U A N THEO N H O M T U O I
Cac Ioai hinh mgng Iddi trong ddta vj Mane siane dav (GDi So ke't noi truvin di trona GD So ket noi nhan lat trone GD ManE nehien crfu khoa hoc (NCKHt S6' ket noi truv&n di trone NCKH So ket noi nhan lai Irone NCKH MiJc d6 bie'l ro nane Itfc. sof triTotne
Du'dc cac thanh vien khac biet ve nane lU'c. sd tnf6ne GD Difdc cac thSnh vien khac biet ve nane life, sd tnrdns NCKH Biet ro ve nana liTc sti Irtftine ciia cac thanh vien khac trone GD Biet ro \& nane lUc s6 tnrflna cua cac thanh vien khac trone NCKH Mane eiai auv^'t vS'n de
So cac (hanh vien khac nh6 eitio d3 ve thu' thach trone GD So cac thanh viun khac nh<I eiiip d3 ve thu' thach trone NCKH Mane eiai auve't v§'n de trons ttTdns lai
So'cac Ihanh vien khac se nhd eiuD d9 ve van de trona GD S6 Ciic thanh vien khac se nhS giup dd ve van de trone NCKH Mane sans tao
S6 cac thanh vien khac tieu can de (hao luan ve sine tao trone GD So cdc thknh vien khac tieu can de ih^o luan ve sdne tao trone NCKH Mane sang tao trone ttfcfne lai
So cac thanh vien khac se ti^o can de thao luan ve sane lao trona GD So cac thanh vien khac se tiep can de thao luan ve s ^ e tao trone NCKH Mane ra auvS't dinh
So cac thanh vien khac hoi tnfdc khi ra ouvei dinh trons GD S6'cac thanh vien khic hfii tru'dc khi ra auve't dinh trone NCKH Mang ra quvet dinh trone ti/cTng lai
Sd'cac thanh vien khac se hoi tru'dc khi ra quvet dinh trong GD So cdc thanh vien khac se hdi tru'dc khi ra ouvfe't dmh troni! NCKH Mrfc dd trao doi
So cac thanh vien khac mudn trao ddi. nhu^g chu'a trao ddi du'dc trone GD
s d cac thanh vien khac mudn trao ddi, nhifng chifa trao doi du'dc trons NCKH
s d c d c (hanh vi6n khac cho rdng, can trao ddi nhieu hdn trong GD sd cac ihanh vien khac cho rane. c^n n-ao ddi nhieu hdn tronir NCKH So cac thanh vien khdc mudn hdp tac, nhu^g chu'a hdp lac diTdc trona GD
s d cdc thanh vien khac mud'n hdp tac, nhifng chu'a hdp (dc difdc trone NCKH
Cao tudi
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? 4 3 2 14 1.29 1,00
T n i i ^ tn^i 36-44 3 50 5 83 6 00 10.67 8-83 6.00 6.20
^50 3 00 3 00 3 50 2 00 2.17
••.67 2 83 1.50 1.83 1.67
"-.SO 1.33 2.17 2.17 2.50 1.17 1.67
T r e
6.00
6.13 12.88 7 50 0.88 0.38 0.88 0.63 0.88 0.63 1.00 0 63 0.13 0.63 0.63 0.50 0.63 0.50 0.75 0.25 0.38 0,75 Mguon Ket qua nghien < ifu cua n h o m lai gis
trinh dd, chuyen giao ky nang va kien thiJe eho thdnh vien tre, giam dan tinh trang md't edn dd'i ve nang life trong ddn vi.
Hai Id, cdi thiin tinh co the tie'p can tri thffc trong to chffc. Thiet ldp mpt sd nhdm long ghep chuyen mdn, tao
dieu kidn budc cde thanh vien chu chdt (khdng nhd't thiet la nha quan ly) tham gia, budc hinh thanh mpt cd che trao doi chia s^
tri thiJc ldn nhau. Nha quan ly phai di6 hien rd vai trd quan trpng khi tao ra mdi tnfdng va dieu kiSn de ket ndi, dm va phdt hien cac thdnh vien trung tam thay the minh trong mang tri thu'c neu can. Ben canh dd, can ddi mdi each thu'c danh gid hieu sudt giang vien, de khuyen khich viec ket nd'i giai quyet van d^ chung cija cdc nhdm.
Ba Id, cdi thiin tinh tham gia gidi quye't vdn de. Nha quan ly can can thiep b^ng each giao viec tri^c tiep cho cac thanh vien it ket nd'i, khien hp tu" chiu trach nhidm va chu ddng vdi qua trinh ket ndi hpc tap cua minh. Cac thdnh vien cd uy tin trong mang (khdng nha't thiet la cdn bp quan 1;^) can nhan thd'c dddc vai trd cua minh trong mang, khi nhan difdc su'tin tu'dng cua edc thdnh vien khac, ddc biet la cdc thdnh vien tre, nen cd y thd'c san sdng chia se vd ket nd'i de ddng gdp vao muc tieu phdt tridn ehung.
Bdn Id, cdi thien tinh an todn cua cdc mdi quan he:
(i) Cac tru'dng nhdm phai tdng tidp cdn vdi ede thanh vien khde thdng qua nhihig thanh vien cd nhieu mdi lien ket hoac la trung gian trong mang. cho dii hp khdng d vi tri quan ly trong he thd'ng phdn cap chinh thu'c - qua trinh nay khidn cho sd tin tu'dng d l di/dc xac lap va duy tri hdn.
(ii) Can cd tieu thu'c danh gia hieu sud't cdng viec cho nhu'ng thdnh vien cd kha ndng ket ndi cao.
(iii) Su* dung cdc phifdng tien, cde hinh thiJe khuyen khich cd the kich thich dong chay tri thiJc trong edc nhdm (sinh hoat khoa hpc thddng ky...). Tao dieu ki6n va khdng gian xa hdi cho phdp s\i lien ket sdng tao cua ca nhdn va tdp the cd the xay ra, phd bd rao can gdy t^c nghen thdng tin.U
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Olivier Serrat (2009). Social Network Analysis. ADB Knowledge Solutions, access to https://
wvt'w.adb.org/sites/default/files/pubhcation/27633/soc ial-network-analysis.pdf
2. Raghuram, S. (1996). Knowledge creation in the telework context. International Journal of Technology Managemenl. 11(7/8), 859-870
3. Rob Cross, Andrew Parker, Laurence Prusak, and Stephen Borgatti (2001) Knowing What We Know: Supporting Knowledge Creation and Sharing in social Networks. Organizational Dynamics. 2, 100-120
4. Scott, J. (2000). Social network analysis: a handbook, SAGE Publications Ltd. 2'"' edition. 224 5. Scott, Susan (2002). Fierce Conversations: Achieving Success at Work and In Life. One Conversation at a Time, New York: Berkley Books
