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SO 4-2012Ofw/; valk
NGAY N.HiTGfng dan hpc sinh tim hieu dia li dia phiforng qua cac hoat dong hpc tap
ngoai gior len lofp mon Dia if 12
ThS. TRAN XUAN Tif
Trudng THPT Vd TrUdng T d n Xudn Tdy- C i m My - Ddng Ni
I. DAT VAN DE
Dja If dja phUdng la mpt p h l n ndi dung k i l n thdc r l t quan trpng trong chUdng trinh dia li phd thdng, ddc bidt Id ehUdng trinh mdn Dja li Idp 12. Thdng qua ede hinh thQc day vd hpc dja li dja phQdng giup hpc sinh cd d i l u kien bd sung vd ndng cao nhQng k i l n thQc v l ty nhien, dan cU vd kinh t l - xa hdi trong pham vi cua dja phUdng d p tfnh; van dyng nhQng k i l n thQc If thuyd't da hpc vdo thuc t i l n , hpc di ddi vdi hdnh.
Qua cac hoat ddng hpc tap ngodi gid len Idp, khdo sat, nghien cQu dja ly dja phUdng, tao d i l u kipn cho hpc sinh tim h i l u ede van d l v l ty nhien, ddn cU vd kinh t l xd hdi d dja phUdng. Qua dd, giup cho hpc sinh t h I y dupe nhQng thudn Ipi vd khd khdn eua dia phUdng minh, ed y thQc tham gia d i tao, xdy dyng vd phdt t r i l n dia phydng.
Tuy nhidn, vide g i l n g day dja If dja phudng hidn nay d n h i l u trudng phd thdng ehua thyc sy cd hidu q u i do nhilu nguydn nhdn: T h i l u ngudn tdi lidu dja If dja phUdng hd trp, n h i l u gido vidn chUa quan tdm, ehUa cd dupe nhQng hinh thQc hpc tdp phu hpp, n h i l u hpc sinh khdng hdng thd tim h i l u . Mdt khdc, trong chUdng trinh mdn Dja If Idp 12 p h l n ndi dung dja If dja phUdng Ipi d l d c u l l chUdng trinh vdo ede tilt cudi eung cua ndm hpc. Do dd, phan dja li dja phUdng it dupe quan tdm, thdm chf chl dupe hudng dan qua loa mang tinh hinh thQc, d i n d i n tinh trang sau khi hpc sinh hpc h i t ehUdng trinh dja If 12 nhieu hpc sinh lpi r l t t h i l u k i l n thQc v l dja If dja phUdng minh dang sdng.
De day vd hpc dja If dja phUdng mpt d c h hidu q u i , tdi thIy rang d n phii da dang hda cdc phUdng phdp, hinh thQc td chQc day hpc, Idi cudn d c em vdo hopt ddng hpc t$p, phdt huy tfnh tfch eye cua hpc sinh. Phdt huy t h l mpnh cua cdc hoat dpng hpc tap ngodi gid len Idp trong qud trinh hudng dan hpc sinh tim hilu dja li dja phUdng. Vl ddy Id hinh thQc hpc tdp ed tfnh linh ddng khdng gd bd vao ndi dung dja If dja phUdng Idp 12 d cudi ehUdng trinh, cd t h l dung hinh thQc ndy de hQdng dan hpc sinh tim hieu dja Ii dja phUdng ngay tQ d i u nam hpc.
II. PHUONG PHAP HUdNG DAN HQC SINH TJM HIEI D|A Ll' DjA PHUONG QUA CAC HOAT DQNG HOC TAI NGOAI Gid LEN LClP MON 0|A Lt 12
1. Quy trinh chung khi hUdng d i n hpc sinh tim hie dja ll dja phUdng qua cdc hopt d$ng hpc t$p ngoai gid le Idp mdn dja If.
D l dat hipu qua trong qud trinh hudng dan hpc sinh tir hilu dja If dja phUdng gido vidn ndn hudng dan hpc sinh nga tQ d i u ndm hpc vd thyc hidn d c budc sau:
Budc 1. Xdc djnh chu d l dja If dja phiidng d n tim hilu Dya trdn cd sd ndi dung phln dja li dja phudng trong cht/dni trinh mdn Dja li Idp 12 d l hudng d i n hpc sinh xdc djnh chCidi nhU:
- Vj tri dja li, pham vi lanh t h l vd sy phdn chia hdnh cfifnl cua tfnh.
- Ddc dilm ty nhidn vd tdi nguydn thidn nhidn cua tfnh ho^
thdnh phd.
- 0$e dilm ddn cU vd lao ddng cua tfnh h d c thdnh ph6.
- D$c dilm KT - XH cua tlnh ho§c thdnh p h i . Dja If mdt sd ngdnh kinh t l chinh tai dja phUdng.
- Cdc chu d l khdc dupe xdc djnh tQ nhOng v l n d l can gia quylt tQ thyc t l dja phUdng nhU: gia tdng ddn sd, d nhilm mo trudng, biln d6i khf h§u I n h hudng d i n s i n xult ndng ngfii^
eua dja phUdng..
- Khi hudng d i n hpc sinh xdc djnh chu d l tim hilu dja If dja phUdng, gido vidn ndn d l cho hpc sinh ty lya chpn ehCi diclio minh phu hpp vdi khd ndng, sd thfch vd dilu kidn h d n can^
eua m l i hpc sinh. Gido vidn cho hpc sinh ty chpn nhdm lai"
vide theo tinh thin ty nguydn moi nhdm tim hilu mpt chiide Budc 2. HUdng d i n hpc sinh xdy dyng ke hopch thyctiie'i ehCidl
- 6 byde ndy gido vien phai djnh hudng cho eho sintii*
djnh dupe myc tidu tim hilu chu d l dja If dja phUdng d c em*
lya chpn. Xdc djnhjipi dung, phUdng ph^p^ cdc bUdctliiK hidn, phUdng tidn h i trp trong qud trinh thyc hipn, thdi gia"
hodn thdnh nhidm vy. ' j BUdc 3. Hpc sinh ty tim hilu cdc chu d l djg |^ ^^ pj, J
DauvaHoc
^NGAY NAY
SO 4-2012 mm
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- 6 d budc nay, gido vien gili ddp thae mac, hd trp tdi lidu
<jp thdi, sQa chQa cho hpc sinh ldi thudng gap trong qua trinh tim hieu dja If dja phUdng.
- Gido vien d n hUdng dan hpc sinh cdc phUdng phdp thu thap, xd If, luu trQ thdng thdng tin trong qud trinh tim hilu dja If dja phQdng.
- De tien hanh thu thdp thdng tin dja If dja ed hidu qua hpc sinh phai sQ dyng nhilu phUdng phdp: Khai thdc b i n d l dja phUdng, bang sd lipu thdng kd, khao sdt thyc dja, phdng van, tham khao tdi lieu, thu thdp thdng tin tQ Internet vd ede phUdng tien truyin thdng...
BUdc 4. Trinh bay k i t q u i hoat dpng vd tdng k i t ddnh gid qud trinh tim hieu dja If dja phUdng cda hpc sinh
- Hpc sinh ed t h l trinh bdy ndi dung chd d l tim hilu dja If dja phUdng cua minh vdo d e tilt thyc hdnh dja If dja phUdng d cudi ehUdng trinh dja li Idp 12.
Tham gia hpi thi tim hilu v l kiln thdc dja phUdng - Ngoai ra, hpc sinh cdn cd t h l trinh bdy kit q u i hopt dpng cua minh qua d e hinh thdc khde nhU: Triln ldm dja If, bdi bdo cdo thu hoach, tham gia vilt tpp san dja li dja phUdng....
- Gido vien nhdn xdt v l thdi dd, k i t qua Idm vide eua ede nhdm, cung d kiln thQc dja If dja phQdng, sau khi cdc nhdm hodn thanh qud trinh hopt dpng, ndu nhdn xet thdi dp, hieu qua lam viec cua d c nhdm.
2. PhUdng phap hUdng din hpc sinh tim hieu dja If dja phUdng qua mdt so' hoat dpng hpc tap n g d i gid len idp
Tdy dilu kien tCmg trudng gido vien cd the lya chpn mpt sd phUdng phdp d l hudng d i n hpc sinh tim hieu dja if dja phUdng thdng qua d c hopt ddng hpc tap ngodi gid len Idp nhU:
a. Hudng din hgc sinh khao sat diiu tra dia ll dia phuang PhUdng phdp khao sat dilu tra tao dilu kien eho hpc sinh ed t h l hilu rd thyc te dja phydng v l nhQng dac diem, thudn ldi va khd khan v l mat ty nhien- kinh t l xa hdi cua dja phUdng. Day la phUdng phap kha hieu qua d l gido dye mdi trudng, kT nang sdng, tpo dieu kien cho hpc sinh van dyng nhQng kiln thQc da hpc vdo thyc tiln.
VIdu. Khi td chQe hpc sinh tim hilu v l dja If dja phUdng tlnh Ddng Nai trong d c hoat ddng hpc tap ngodi gid len Idp trong chUdng trinh dja If Idp 12 ehdng tdi thudng gpi y cho hpc sinh khao sat, tim hieu d e v l n d l ndi bat cua tlnh nhU: Vj tri dja If, tai nguyen Uiien nhien, ddn cu dilu kien kinh t l xa hdi, nganh cdng nghiep, cdy edng nghiep vd d y an qua tren dja bdn tlnh.
Ngodi ra, d e van d l khdc eung rat quan trpng nhU: Khio sdt v l mdi tofdng d dja ndi hpc sinh eU tm; thyc trpng v l sd dyng va bao ve dat, rdng, nude speh d dja phUdng trudng ddng. Tim hilu phong tuc, tap quan, truyen thdng van hod cda ngudi ddn tlnh Ddng Nai.
- Hudng dan hpc sinh khao sat dieu tra dja If dja phUdng gido vien nen hudng dan hpc sinh thye hidn theo quy trinh sau:
. Hpc sinh lUa chpn chd d l khao sat dilu tra
. Hudng d i n hpc sinh phUdng phap khao sdt dieu tra: Khao sat todn bd khao sat theo tuyIn, khao sat theo diem chia khda.
Dilu tra trong nhan dan dja phUdng, dilu tra bang philu, nghe bdo cdo dja If dja phUdng....
Hpc sinh thu thdp, xd If tU lieu dja If dja phUdng qua khao pdt dilu tra
I . Hpc sinh viet bai bdo cdo thu hoach.
I b. Tham quan cic dia dia diim khic nhau trong tinh PhUdng phdp ndy rat hieu q u i eho qud trinh tim hilu dja If ijija phUdng, hpc sinh cd dilu kien tilp xdc tryc tilp vdi mdi
trudng, hopt dpng sdn xud't, ngUdi dan eua dja phUdng.... Giup hpc sinh ed dilu kipn ren luydn cdc kTnang sdng, trao ddi kinh nghidm, bdc Id tu tUdng t h l hipn dupe de tham my trong qua trinh tiep xdc vdi cac ddi tupng dja If.
Qud trinh hudng d i n hpc sinh tham quan tim hieu dja If dja phUdng, gido vidn ndn quan tdm mdt sd van de sau:
Xdc djnh myc tidu, phUdng phdp tiln hdnh tham quan - Xdy dyng k l hopch, lya chpn dja dilm tham quan, chuln bj ede phUdng tidn d n thilt d l tiln hanh thu thap tu lidu dia If dja phUdng.
Td chdc hpc sinh tham quan, thuyit minh vd hudng din hpc sinh quan sdt cdc ddi tupng tham quan, trang bj cho hpc sinh nhOng kiln thQc, kT nang can thilt khi tham quan.
- Gido vien hudng d i n hpc sinh xQ If tU lipu, hinh anh, xap xdp thdng tin vd vilt bdi thu hoach sau chuyin tham quan.
c. T6chdc hgl thl bio anh vi dia II dia phuang
Ddy Id phUdng phdp rat hidu qud d l Idi cudn tat ea hpc sinh cda trQdng vdo cdc hoat ddng hpc tdp tim hilu dja If dja phUdng.
D l td ChQc hidu q u i hdi thi bdo anh v l dja If dia phUdng gido vidn ndn thyc hidn quy trinh sau:
- Gido vidn dja If kit hpp vdi Dodn trudng phdt dpng hpi thi bdo anh v l dja If dja phUdng.
- Xdy dyng k l hopch hpi thi phai ed nhQng npi dung sau:
myc tidu hdi tlii, ehij d l , t h l Ip hpi thi; quy cdch trinh nay san pham, thdi gian thye hi'dn, giai thudng....
- Chu de bdo anh ed t h l lya chpn tQ nhieu npi dung nhU:
Hinh anh ve tai nguydn du ljeh, mdi trudng, l l hpi phong tuc tap qudn, ede hopt dpng san xuat, lang nghe tnjyen thdng, cae dac san eCia dja phudng.~.
Quy djnh thdi gian hoan thanh va cham phat giai trong cdc djp l l hope ede budi chao cd. Cae tdc pham bdo anh hay dan ban tin nha trudng de hpc sinh toan trudng cd the tham khao tim hieu.
- PhUdng phdp td chdc thi bao anh v l dja li dja phUdng la phUdng phap rat hieu qua de giao dye du ljeh eho hpc sinh, tpo dieu kien eho hpc sinh tim hieu sau v l eac ve tai nguyen du ljeh, mdi trUdng, le hpi phong tyc tdp qudn eua dan eU, d e dac s i n cda dja phUdng.
d. Long ghep chudi dia li dia phuang vio Websitecuacic trudng pho thdng trong tinh
Hien nay, vide tim kilm, trao doi thdng tin giQa nhd trudng vd hpc sinh thdng qua Website cua nhd trudng rat thuan tien.
Hpc sinh cd the vdo Website cda nhd trUdng de xem diem, xem thdng tin, trao ddi qua diln dan tu van hudng nghiep, tuyIn sinh, tim kilm tu lieu hpc tap
- De tdng hidu qua gido dye, trong Website cua nhd trudng ndn bd sung them npi dung v l dja If dja phUdng de hpc sinh d l ddng tra cQu vd tim hilu trong qud trinh hpc tap.
- Npi dung dja li dja phUdng phdi dupe chuan bj kT tn/dc khi dua vao Website, cdc tdi lieu dja li dja phUdng nen dupe xap xIp theo he thdng d l myc theo hUdng cdc site lien kit giup hpc sinh d l ddng truy cap. Npi dung tu lidu dja If dja phUdng cd the dupe lUu trQ dudi nhilu dang khde nhau nhU: Hinh anh, phim tu lidu, ban do, bang sd lieu thdng ke....
- PhUdng phap dUa ndi dung dja If dja phUdng vdo Website eija nhd trUdng la phUdng phdp khd hieu qua d l hudng dan hpc sinh tim hilu dja li dja phUdng thdng qua cdc hoat ddng hpc tap ngodi gid len Idp. Hpc sinh ed dilu kien tiep can ngudn thdng tin dja If dja phUdng mdt each nhanh nhd't, tao
(Xem tiip trang 34)
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'ilA'''''Mi-;'V''F|-'ifr''F4''¥'f irIIftt-tiimWii1 s6 4-2012 DiMvaHpc
I ,JNGAYNAY
mdt tidn bd khoa hpc kT thudt ndo thl cdng phdi nghidn edu xem nd tdc ddng ddn "hd thdng mp" ndi trdn vd cdc "hd thdng eon" ciJa nd nhu thd ndo, di sdm dd phdng hdu hpa. NhU t h i mdi thdt Id "hidn dai" Vi dy, sCf dyng mdy tlnh didn td Idm cdng cy day hpc thl khdng t h l khdng nghidn edu vfin dd d gdc dd kinh td, xa hdi vd gdc dd tdm II, sinh If ddl vdi ngudi hpc.
Vide hidn dpi hda chUdng trinh todn hpc d nude ta cDng phai tfnh ddn didu kidn thidn nhidn, xd hdi eua Vidt Nam; d i n tdm If hpc sinh cdc vung, miln trong nUde. Nguydn nhdn thIt bpi d Phdp Id do khdng tlnh todn d l y du d i n tdm If hpc sinh.
Dd'i vdi chung ta, nhu vdy nghTa Id v l "hidn dai" phdi g^n vdi v l 'Vidt Nam"
2. Ph^i "hi^n d^i" c^ vg nQi dung v^ phUcmg phdp Hidn dpi hda theo tinh thdn dd ndi d trdn Id mdt sy tdng hidu qua lao ddng tri dc, nhUng bj gidi han bdi quan dilm hd thdng. Chiing han, mu6n hidn dpi hda chUdng trinh todn p h i thdng thi vide chpn m i u thyc nghidm phdi rlt "chuln myc" d l bao ddm tfnh "dai didn" cua m l u (nhu khdng bd qua cdc ddi tupng hpc sinh miln nui). Sy tdng hidu sud't ndi trdn cQng khdng t h l ndo theo kjp dUpc sy bung n l thdng tin. Mdu thuIn gida sy tdng kiln thdc cda nhdn loai vdi thdi gian hpc ed hpn d trudng cOng khdng t h l gidi quylt dupe. VI vdy, phdi ed thdm phUdng phdp hidn dpi vdi ndi dung ed bdn Id khdi ddy eho dupe ndng lye ty hpc, ty nghidn cdu v6n tilm I n trong nhdng ngudi khdng bj khuyet tpt tdm thin, ddng thdi tdn dyng cdt tiln bd ve tin hpc vd viln thdng d l ho trp eho hopt ddng dpy vd hpc.
Tre em cdn rat be, trong sy va cham vdi cupc sing eung da ty lam gidu them hilu bilt cua minh vd dng dyng nhOng hilu b i l l dd d l song tdt hdn. Vf dy, chdu bd ehUa bilt ngpn nin Id gl, vd tinh ehpm phai, chdu cd the hieu bilt ring "edi dd Id ndng" va dng dyng sy hilu biet dd: "lan sau chd ed dpi md sd vdo". Dd la nang lye ty hpc. Tre em d vudn tre khdng thfch do chdi lam sdn bang do chdi ty minh lam, neu cd chdi do chdi lam sdn thl eung sdng tao them chi tilt hope sdng tpo trong each chdi. Dd Id tdm If pho bien cua eon ngUdi: khdng thfch thy ddng bat ehude, ludn mong muon gdp phln sdng tao. Ndng lye tu hpc, ty nghien cdu g i n lien vdi ndng lye ty gido dye. Ty hpc, ty nghien cdu khdng ddn thuan Id hopt ddng chuyen mdn vl Chung ddi hoi cdc pham chat v l tri tud vd ca cdc phIm chit khdc cua con ngudi trong mdi quan hd qua lai vdi tri tud vd nhdn cdch. NhQng ndng Iyc dd tdn tpi khdch quan vd tudn theo nhi]rng quy ludt ridng eua chung. Dd eho chung cd bj thd n i l nhu cdy hoang dpi trong rdng thi chung v l n mpc theo quy lu^t cua thien nhidn. Neu con ngUdi y thdc dupe vd can thidp vdo thl k i t qua td't hay xau se tdy thude d chd, trong sy can thidp dd cac quy ludt khdch quan ed dupe tdn trpng hay khdng. NhOng nang Iyc dd Id "npi lye" trong tdng eon ngudi. Gido dye, ddo tpo, xet nhu mdt ngoai Idc, phdi tdc ddng edng hudng vdi ndi lUc, khdi day tdi mde tdi da sy "ty thdn vdn ddng" ciJa ngudi hpc thi mdi dpt hieu qud cao: "cdng hudng" ndi d ddy Id cdi nut cua
"sy hien dai" trong phUdng phdp. Cd ngUdi ndi: ty hpc Id chuydn rat cu, ed gl md gpi Id hipn dpi. Ddng Id chuydn rlt cu, nhung trudc ddy ndi ma khdng Idm dupe, d i n bdy gid "hpc thy ddng, day nhdi nhdt" dUdng la gdnh nang cda gido dye ddo tao md vide thanh toan nd dang Id van d l thdi sy. 'Ty nghidn cdu" thl mdi hdn: trUdc day ngudi ta than thdnh hda nghidn edu khoa hpc, cdn bdy gid dang tam thudng hda nghidn cdu khoa hpc bang cdch Ipm dyng may chd ndy.
(Trfeh td Tpp chf Nghidn cdu giio dgc sd thdng 10 vd thdng 12-1995)
Hiforng d i n hgc sinh...
(Tiip theo trang 30) mdi trudng hpc t$p tdt cho hpc sinh.
e. Xiy dtfng bing tin vi dja II dja phuang trong nhi trudng«
- D l gido dye truyin thdng dja phUdng, m5i trudng phi thdng trong tlnh ndn thilt k l mdt bdng tin ddnh ridng d l trUng bdy nhOng tu lidu, hinh dnh v l dja 11 dja phUdng giup hpc sinh d l ddng tim hilu trong cdc hopt ddng hpc t$p ngodi gid Idn Idp.
- Cdc ndi dung trong bdng tin dupe thay d l i theo chu k^
tdng thdng, theo chu d l hoat ddng eua cdc phong trdo gido dye trong nhd trudng,
Ndi dung dja If dja phUdng trung bdy thudng dupe thu thdp td nhilu nguIn khdc nhau; phdi dupe kilm tra kT tn/dc khi trung bdy trdnh sai sdt. Khuyin khfch nhdng bdi viet hay ciia hpc sinh vd gido vidn trong nhd trUdng. Dodn trUdng kjp thdi bilu dUdng nhOng tdp t h l , cdc nhdn ed nhilu ddng gdp eho bdng tin.
III. KI'T LUAN
Hudng d i n hpc sinh tim hilu dja If dja phUdng thdng qua cdc hopt ddng hpc tdp ngodi gid Idn Idp trong dpy hpc mdn Dja If Idp 12 Id mdt phUdng phdp rlt hidu qua trong day hpc Dja li hidn nay.
Tuy nhidn, d l dpi dupe hidu qua trong qud trinh to chdc hudng dan hpc sinh tim hilu dja li dja phUdng qua cdc hopt ddng hpc tpp ngodi gid Idn Idp. chung ta can quan tdm mdt so' van d l sau:
Doi vdi gido vidn
- Ludn tao dieu kidn eho hpc sinh tfch eye, chu dpng trong qua trinh Idm vide, bdi dudng cho hpc sinh cdc phUdng phdp nghidn cdu, hpc tdp phu hpp vdi trinh dd cua eac em nhu cdc phUdng phdp khdo sdt, d i l u tra. quan sdt, phdn tfch ve, thilt ldp cdc s6 lidu, bilu dd, bdn d6,... v l dja If dja phUdng.
Tao nilm vui hdng thu hpc tdp giup hpc sinh y thdc dupe vai trd vd trdch nhidm cua minh trong qud trinh xdy dyng phdt triln dja phUdng dja phUdng, hieu vd yeu que hUdng d i t nude cua minh hdn.
- C i n da dpng hda cdc hinh thdc hpc tdp. khdng dp d^t de hpc sinh tham gia cdc hoat ddng hpc tdp ngodi gid Idn Idp vdi tinh thin ty nguydn.
Xem qud trinh t l chdc hopt dpng hpc tpp tim hilu dia li dja phUdng Id cd hdi d l rdn luydn cho hpc sinh cdc kT ndng sdng e l n thilt nhU: KT ndng hpp tac, Idm vide ddc lip, thu th^p xCf If thdng tin,„.
Dii vdi nhi trddng: C i n tao dieu kipn can thiet ho trp hpc sinh trong qud trinh tim hilu dja If dja phUdng nhU: Ngudn ti/
lidu, kinh phf, phUdng tipn, thdi gian tht/c hidn.
TAI L I | U THAM K H A O
1) Ddng Vdn Ddc. Nguyin Thu Hing (2004), PhUOng phip day hgc Dja litheo hUdng tiehctfcHYB Dpi hpc SU phpm. Ha Ndi.
2) Hodng Van Huyen, Dinh Ngpc Linh, Nguyin Dinh Tam, Phan Hiy Xu (1981), l^nh nghiim giing day dia likinh tid tn/dng phS thing, NXB Giao dye.
3) Nguyin TrUdng Vu (2009), Luan vdn thpc si'Hudng din hoc sinh thifc hiin bii tip nghiin cdu dia II dia phuang tlnh Tiy Ninh', DHSPHul.
