Tqp chi khoa hgc trUdng Dqi hgc Quy NhOn Tdp IV, sd 1 ndm 2010
PHONG TRAO "BA DAIVI DANG " CUA PHV N 0 THANH HOA TRONG KHANG CHIEN
C H 6 N GJMY GIAI DO^N (1965-1975)
NGUYEN NGOC CQ", NGUYEN DOAN THUAN"
Mpt ttong nhffng nguyen nhan lam nen thang ldi vi dai ciia cupe khang chien chdng My, cffu nffdc la Dang va nhdn dan ta da bao ve vd xdy dffng thdnh cdng bau phffdng miln Bac xd hpi chii ngbia. Trong sudt cude khdng chie'n chdng My, cffu nffdc, mac dff gap nhilu khd khan, tiiff thach, song miln Bac vln ludn hodn thanh xud't sac nhiem vu effa minh, vffa xdy dffng chii nghia xa bpi, vffa anh diing chie'n dd'u chdng chie'n ttanh phd hoai, ra sffe cbi vi§n sffe ngffdi, sffe ciia cho tiln tuyen miln Nam ddnh tiiang gide My xdm Iffpc. Ddng gdp vao nhffng ky tich 66 la sff cd gang khdng met mdi ciia todn Dang, toan qudn va todn dan ta, ttong do co vai tro rd't ldn cua chi em phu nff.
Tff nam 1965 khi de' quo'e My tie^n bdnh eupc chien ttanh pha hoai miln Bac, dffng trffde nhffng yeu cau mdi vd ed'p thie't cua cdeh mang, ngay 19/3/1965, Tmng tfPng Hpi Phu nff Viet Nam da phdt dpng phong trao tbi dua "Ba dam dang " ehd'ng My, cffu nffdc vdi npi dung: Ddm dang sdn xud't vd cdng tde; ddm dang gia dinh, dam dang phuc vu chie'n ddu vd sdn sdng chii'n dd'u. Phong trao diln ra sdi ndi vd ttd thdnh eupc van dpng chinh tri sdu rpng, gdp phan quan trpng vao viec xdy dffng va bao ve bau phffdng miln Bac xa hpi chu ngbia.
Thanh Hda la mpt ttong nhffng tinb ma phu nff da hffdng ffng rd't manh me phong trao "Ba ddm dang " do Tmng ffdng Hpi phat dpng va da dat dffdc nhffng thanh tich rat dang tff bao tten mpi phffdng dien, ldm rang danh tmyin tbd^ng cua que hffdng Bd Trieu anh hffng.
1. PHU N0 THANH HOA DAM DANG SAN XUAT VA CONG TAC, THAY THE NAM 'Gl6l DI CHIEN DAU
Trong khang chie'n ehd'ng My, cffu nffdc, Thanh Hoa la mpt vffng ttpng diim thffdng xuydn bi may bay va tdu chien My ban pha ac bet, khdng k l ngay dem, bang van tan bom dan lien tie'p dd xud'ng thdn xdm, ddng rudng, khu phd, nha may. Trong kbi do yeu cau eua chien trffdng v l ngffdi va effa lai vo effng to ldn vd ed'p bach, nam gidi lan Iffdt len dffdng tong qudn danh gide, nen lffe Itfdng d lai bau pbtfdng chu yeu la nff.
Vffdt len nhffng khd khan do, phu nff Thanh Hda vdn bam sat ddng mpng, nha may, duy tri va dam bao san xud't, neu cao kbi phdch anh bung, dffc tinb can eu cua ngffdi phu nff Viet Nam.
Tren mat trdn nong nghiep, lffe Iffdng nff chiem tff 70%-80%. Cbi em vffa dam
92 NGUYEN NGOC CO, NGUYEN
D O A N THUANdang cdng tde thay the^ nam gidi, vffa Id Itfc Itfdng xung kich tren ddng mpng, ddm nhiem bau bet cdc khau trong qud trinh sdn xud't cd trong trdng trot, chdn nudi cung nhif trong kinh td'phu gia dinh.
Trtfdc tidn cbj em phu nff tich effc tham gia cdng tde Idm thiiy ldi. Trong cdc ddi thiiy ldi ciia cdc bdp tde xa, tren cdc cdng trtfdng d^p de, ddo ratfdng, chi em la nhffng ngtfdi tidn phong gtfdng mau. Htfdng ffng phong trdo hoc tap vd lam theo gtfdng sang ciia cbi Nguyin Thi IJt Tich, Tran Tbi Vdn, Le Tbi Hdng Gd'm,... do tinh Hpi phu ni?
phdt ddng, tff ndm 1965, nhilu tap thi phu nff trong tinb da tbi dua xay dffng nhffng eong trtnb thiiy ldi nhd mang ten "eon muong chi ^t", "con muong chi Vdn",... Diln binh nhtf cbi em phu nff buyfn Yen Dinh, da phdt dpng phong trdo lam thiiy ldi mang ten Trin Thi Vdn, rieng ttong ndm 1968 cbi em trong huyen da ddo dffdc 26 con mffdng vdi cbilu ddi 83.000m [ 5, tr.29 ]. (5 cdc huyen ven biin nhff TTnh Gia, Hdu Ldc, Qudng Xffdng,...
cbi em phu nff tich effc tham gia ddp dap, be bd ehd'ng nhiem man vdo ddng mpng.
Dl tdng ndng sud't cay trdng, phong trdo lam phdn bdn cai tao ddng mdng dtfdc phdt dpng trong todn tinb. Hau bet cac dpi nudi beo boa ddu d cdc bdp tac xd ndng nghi6p diu do chi em dam nhiem. Hdp tde xa Ddng Pbtfdng Hdng (Thp Xudn) dan dau todn tinb nudi dtfdc 40 mdu beo boa ddu do kien ttfdng nudi beo ndi tieng Nguyen Thi Bay, dpi trtfdng dpi ky thudt phu trach. Ddc biet cbi Tran Tbi Phff d Thieu Dd cd 9 nam lien (1965-1974) nudi beo vd dffdc phong la kien tffdng cua hdp tde xd. Viec nudi beo hoa ddu cd y ngbia rd't ldn trong dieu kien phdn hda hpc khan hiem, nd khdng chi la ngudn phdn bffu cd hxtn icb ma edn giiip ba con khdng phai lam co. Nhd nudi beo hoa dau vd lam tdt cdng tac thiiy ldi ma bdp tac xd Ddng Phffdng Hdng (Thp Xudn) ttd thdnh mpt ttong ndm ddn vi ddn dau nang sud't lua todn miln Bac vd vinh dff dffdc Bac Hd gffi thff khen.
Cffng vdi viec tich effc tham gia phong ttao lam tiiOy ldi, hang ndm tinh Hpi phu nff j h d i bdp vdi Ty ndng nghiep phdt dpng phong ttao tiii dua "Hpi thi cdy gidi" vdi khau bieu:
"Phu nd Qudng Nam anh dung dd'u tranh Phu na Thanh Hda cdy nhanh cdy khoe"
Qua cdc hpi tiii, cdc bdp tde xa da lffa chpn dffdc bang ngan kidn Wdng ca'y gidi. Vmh Loc la mpt ttong nbffhg huyen cd phong ttdo phdt ttiln manh cffa tinb Thanh Hda. Nam 1965, mpt k^ luc mdi da dtfdc lap, dd la "chi Mai vd Chi Yi'n d Vinh Tii'n, bd Minh d Vinh Thanh (Vinh Loc) mpt ngdy edy dupe 3 sdo" [3, tt.56]. Tff diln binh do, phong ttdo tiii ca'y dien ra khdp ndi ttong loan huyen, de'n nam 1972. d VTnh Ldc da lap dffdc 377 nhdm ca'y thi
"Hdng Gdm", ttong do cd 2.677 cbi em dat tieu chu^n ca'y kien tffdng ca'p I [2, tt.l97].
O nhffng vilng bj dich danh pha ac bet nhff Nam Ngan, Yen Vffe, Ddng Sdn, ehj
em van bam mpng, bam lang, thffc bien khd'u hidu "dich di'n thi ddnh, dich di lai tie'p
i 1KAO "BA BAM DANG" CUA PHU NU THANH HOA 9 3
n xud't", "ldm ngdy khdng dd tranh thd ldm dim , khdng chi cd'y ban ngay md cbi
>n tranh thff di ca'y vao nhffng dem trdng sang d l ddm bdo dien tich gieo trdng.
Phong ttao tbi cd'y gi6i dien ra blu khap d trong tinh, cbi em khdng ebi cd'y nhanh ma I'y dung ky thudt, tiiang bang, diu tay, n6ng vffa phdi,... De'n ndm 1974, d Thanh :d 64.507 bpi vien tham gia thi cd'y, ttong 66 cd 17.167 chi em dat chud'n ca'y gidi (tH 1,4 sdo/lngdy), 3.214 cbi dat danh hidu kidn tffdng cap 1(7,5 din 1,9 sdo/1 ngdy), cd td dat danh bieu kien tffdng ed'p 2 (tit 2 sdo trd lin/1 ngdy) [5, tt 27-28].
Trffde day, d Thanh Hda cung nhff d nhilu ndi khde, phu nff thffdng it phai ldm I eong viec ndng nbpc nhff cdy, bffa ttdn ddng rudng. Tuy nhidn, trong dilu kidn nidn ttai ttdng ra mat trdn, cdng vide ddng dng phu nff xff Thanh lai phai ganh vdc 'ff ndm 1965, tinh Hpi phu nff Thanh Hda da da phdt dpng phong trdo "dudng edy iang" ehd'ng My cffu nffdc. O khap cdc ndi ttong tinh, ehi em da khdng qudn nbpc
hdng hdi thi dua. Phong trdo didn ra manh me d VTnh Loc, Thp Xudn, Tridu . .Tai xa VTnh Tie'n (VTnh Ldc), ebi Pham Tbi Lang mpt ngay cay dffdc 6 sao 9 :, cbi Pham Thi Ut edy dffdc 6 sao/1 ngdy, ba Trffdng Thi Kiiu 58 tudi cay dffdc 5 ngay [5, tt.28]. Ddy la mpt ky luc rd't dang tff hao va dffdc tinh Hpi phu nff tdng khen.
D I thffc hidn tdt cac mue tidu ttong san xua't nong nghidp: "5 td'n thdc, 2 dau lpn, dpng trin 1 ha gieo trong" bdn canh cac phong trao lam thuy ldi, lam phdn bdn, y, cdy,... cbi em ttong tinb cdn tieb effc tham gia chdn nudi ldn d gia dinh vd tap i cdc ttai chdn nudi cua cdc bdp tac xa, phan ldn eac khdu ttong chdn nudi d i u do n phu nff dam nhidm, cu thi nhff: chpn gidng, chd'bid'n thffc an, cham sdc. Hdp tac loan Hdng (My Lpc-Hdu Loc) la ddn vi ddn dau toan tinb v l chdn nudi ldn, "ndm ehi ed 12 con lpn,... din ndm 1966 dd ed 110 eon vdi trpng lupng tU 60 di'n 70 kg "
58]. Hpc tap Khoan Hdng, nhilu ed sd Hpi da xung phong nhdn dam nhidm ttai nudi tap thi vd xdy dffng ttai tiidnh ddn vi chdn nuoi gidi nhff: Hoang Quy (Hoang , Dinh Cdng (Yen Dinh), Nha Ldc (Nong Cdng), Tmng Tid'n (Quang Hai-Quang ig),... Tdng ddn ldn ttong trai ldn tdi hdng ngdn con vdi trpng Iffdng xud't ehudng tff fn 80 kg trd ldn. Den ndm 1974, v l cd ban Thanh Hda da dat dffdc cdc mue tidu ndng nghiep, gdp phan effng vdi bdu phffdng miln Bac cbi vidn cho tiln tuyd'n ldn Nam danh thang gide My xdm Iffdc.
Bdn canh tham gia vide san xud't trdn mat tran sdn xua't nong nghidp, d cac nganh nhff: cdng nghidp, ldm nghidp, giao thdng van tai, bffu didn, y td', giao due, van hda
thuat,... Iffc Itfdng nff cung chiem ti Id ldn va giff vai tro rd't quan ttpng.
Khdng cbi la lffe Iffdng chu yd'u trong san xud't, cbi em trong tinh con tich effc tham 5 may lanh dao cffa Dang, cbinb quyin va doan thi. Tff chd cbi cd 3 nff dai bilu gia Qud'c hpi (kbda II), dd'n kbda V da tang ldn 13 nff (chid'm 30,5% tdng sd dai
94 NGUYfeN NGOC CCf, N G U Y S N D O A N T H U ^ N
bilu Qudc hdi Thanh Hda). Ndm 1965 todn tinh cd 4 nff tham gia tinb ffy vidn di'n nam 1975 tdng ldn 6 (chid'm ti Id 14,6%); buydn ffy vidn Id nff tdng tff 59 ldn 106. T;^ Id n(?
tham gia lanh dao cbinh quyin cdc ed'p cung tdng ldn ro ret. Nam 1965, ca tinh c6 4,54% nff chff tieb buydn, 3,6% nff chii tich xa, dd'n ndm 1968, ty le nff ldm chu tich buydn Id 22,7%, chu tich xa 34,2% [5, tr.l9]. Sdchi em tham gia cdng tde qudn 15^ kinh td', ttffc tid'p lam chff nhi^m, dpi trffdng, ddi phd sdn xud't, ke todn bdp tde xa ndng nghidp,... chid'm ti le ldn. Bdn canh dd trinh dd vdn hda, khoa hoc ky thudt cffa phu ni?
cung khdng ngffng dffdc tdng ldn.
2. PHU N0 THANH
H 6 ADAM DANG GIA
D I N H , D O N GVIEN
C H 6 N G C O N , A N H
EM DI CHIEN DAU
Trong hodn cdnh vdng di nhffng ngffdi nam gidi, chi em phu nff Thanh Hda khdng ebi tff minh gdnh vdc bd't cdc khdu trong sdn xud't, tham gia cdng tde xa bdi, ma cdn dam dang mpi cdng vide cffa gia dinh, nudi eon khde, day con ngoan, sdn sdng eong hidn eho sff nghidp each mang nhffng ngffdi than yeu nha't.
Vffng dd't xff Thanh nam d diim ndi bin giffa miln Bac vd miln Tmng, khdng chi ac lidt bdi chid'n tranh ma con khae nghiet bdi thidn nhidn. Nhffng lffe hodn cdnh mtfa bao, bom dan giac tan pha nha cffa, nhffng ngffdi phu nff d da tff tay sffa sang lai tffng mdi tranh, vidn ngdi che mffa, che nang cho td dm cffa minh. Ngodi thdi gian tham gia lao dpng san xua't ttong cac bdp tac xa, cbi em cdn phai chdm lo phdt triin kinh te phu gia dinh, chdn nudi ldn ga, trdng rau nudi cd d l cai thidn bffa an va tdng thdm thu nhap.
Mac dff ban tram eong nghin vide nhffng cbi em vdn lam ttdn nghia vu cua mdt ngffdi con, ngffdi me trong gia dinh: chdm sdc bd' me chdng kbi d'm dau, nudi nd'ng day dd con cai ndn ngffdi d l xffng dang vdi sff by sinh gian khd cua nhffng ngffdi chien dd^u ngodi mat tran. Cbi Ld Thi Ndm, qud d xa Quang Trung (Qudng Xffdng) Id mpt trtfdng hdp nhtf thd'. La vd lidt sT, mpt minh nudi dtfdng me gid va 4 con dn hpc trtfdng thanh, trong kbi do, 10 nam bin (tff 1965 dd'n 1975) ebi lam bi tiiff, rdi chu tich d mpt xa thffdng xuydn bi giac ddnh phd.
O vffng Nga Thaeb-Nga Sdn, phong ttdo "Ba dam dang cung phdt triin rd't manh.
Ba Ld Tbi Nhdi la mpt diln binh tidu bilu, gia dinh bd cd chdng va hai con ttai dang chie'n dd'u d chid'n trtfdng miln Nam, minh ba vd bai ngtfdi con gai d nha diu tiiam gia san xud't va phuc vu chid'n da'u. Nam 1966, gia dinh bd lam dtfdc 1.320 cdng, khdng nhffng thudc loai cao nhd't hdp tac xa, ma nhd ba Nhdi con la gia dinh chan nudi rd't gidi, cung trong nam do nha Ba da ban cho hdp tde xa 2 con ldn ndng dd'n 2,6 ta [4, tt. 4].
Khdng chi thay chdng, con chdm lo viec gia dinh, ban than chi em con tich ctfc
da'u tranh loai bd nhffng hii tue lac bdu, tbi dua xay dffng gia dinh van hda mdi. Trong
sudt thdi ky chdng My cffu nffdc, toan tinh da cd 20 van phu nff dang k5^ tham gia xay
dtfng phong trao. Xa Diln Ltf (Ba Thtfde) la mpt ttong nhffng xa miln nui cd phong trao
PHONG T R A O "BA DAM DANG" CUA PHU Ntf THANH HOA 95 xdy dtfng gia dinh van hda mdi diln binb effa 8 buydn vffng cao va cua cd tinb Thanh
Hda, trong thanh tich do cd stf ddng gdp khdng nhd ciia chi em phu nff cac dan tde tbilu sd.
Vdn bid't thid'u vang di nhffng ngffdi nam gidi se vd't vd ra't nhilu, song trffde ydu clu ed'p thid't cffa chid'n trffdng miln Nam, theo tid'ng gpi thidng lidng cua Td qudc, da cd bang nghin la ddn cua cdc me, ede ebi tinb nguydn ddng ki cho chdng con, ngffdi than ldn dffdng nhdp ngu. Ndm 1965, ngtfdi vid't la ddn diu tidn btfdng ffng phong trdo la cbi Nguydn Tbi Qud (Quang Binb-Qudng Xffdng). Noi gffdng ehi todn tinb da cd 32 van la ddn effa phu nff cdc dan tde ttong tinb tinh nguydn ddm dang thay the'chdng eon, did'n binb nhff "bd Li Thi Tho (Thdn Hung-Thiiu Giang-Thi^u Hda) da vii't thucho ed 4 eon trai Id bp dpi phuc viin dupc tdi ngu. Bd hda se ddm nhiim trdng nom ede chdu, tham gia ddy mqnh sdn xudt, chdn nudi di gdp phin chdng My cdu nUdc" [11, tr. 2].
Tff ndm 1964 dd'n 1975, todn tinb Thanh Hda da ddng vidn dffdc 32 ddt tuyin qudn vdi 198.930 ngffdi nhdp ngu. Nhilu ngffdi me hd't tidn chdng sau lai tidn con ra mat ttdn. Cd nhffng cbi em nff thanh nidn da gde tinb ridng, ddng vidn ngffdi ydu ydn tdm di chid'n dd'u:
"Ra di anh gdng lap cdng Hdu phuong mpi vice mdt long em lo"
Tien ngffdi than ydu di chid'n dd'u d chid'n trffdng, cae ebi, cdc me d hdu phffdng da thdnh lap "Hpi me chii'n si" d l giffp dd nhau trong san xua't, chia se, an ui nhau nhffng lffe budn vui. Trong thdi ky khang chid'n ehd'ng My, theo chu trffdng cua tinb Hpi phu nff, d Thanh Hoa blu hd't cdc cbi hpi phu nff d tbdn, xa diu thanh lap Hpi me chid'n sT. Vao trffde nhffng ngay ra qudn, Hdi me chid'n si cffng vdi ebi em ttong doan thanh nidn dd'n tffng gia dinh qudn nhdn thdm hoi, tto chuydn, hen ffdc tbi dua giffa ngffdi ra di va ngffdi d lai. Nhffng chide khan tay lffu niem, nhffng dong lffu bfft vpi vdng trdn ttang nhdt ki da noi ldn td't ea tinb cam eua ngffdi d lai va la ngudn ed cff tinb thin to ldn d l ngffdi ra di ydn tam chac tay sffng ndi chid'n trffdng.
Chid'n ttanh la phai cd bi sinh md't mat, nhilu ngffdi con effa qud btfdng Thanh Hda ra di ma khdng ben ngdy v l . Tuy nhidn, du khae nghiet dd'n dau, hdu pbtfdng va tiln tuyen vdn giff mdi bdn lac, dpng vidn d l cffng nhau hoan thanh tdt nhidm vu. Trong cdc ki sinh boat, bpi phu nff d cac dia phffdng thffdng xuydn dpng vidn nhau vid't thff cho cdc chid'n sT d ngodi mat ttdn, nhffng bffe thff cd tbi la vid't vpi nhffng lai chffa chan bao nilm thffdng ndi nhd, la nilm dpng vidn tinh than rd't ldn ddi vdi tiln phffdng. Cd nhffng luc nhdn dffdc tin bdo chdng, con bi sinh d ngodi mat tran, cac ebi, cdc me van nen dau thffdng, lam trpn nghia vu cffa ngffdi d lai hau phffdng, vdn dpng vidn nhffng ngffdi than ydu cffa minh tid'p tue di chid'n da'u bao vd qud hffdng da't nffdc. Tidu bilu nhff me Ld Tbi Thiep (Trffdng Chung-Nong Cdng) lan Iffdt tidn 4 ngffdi con di chid'n da'u va deu anh dung bi
96 NGUYJN NGQC CCf, N G U Y I N D O A N THUi^
sinh; me Chu Thi Hen (Ho^ng Ngpe-Hokng Hda) cd 5 con di bp dOi, 1 con anh dung hi sinh nhffhg me van ddm dang mpi vide ttong gia dinh, lac quan dpng vidn cdc con ydn tam chiln dd'u. Nbffhg ngffdi me d'y xffng ddng Id nhffng ngffdi me Vipt Nam anh hilng. Khi danh gid vl vai ttd eua cbi em phu nff, ed Tdng bi thff Ld Duin da tiing vie't: "Chi em da gdnh vdc mdt nhiim vu vd cung trpng dqi Id xdy dUng vd cdng cdhduphuong ldn xd hpi chd nghia. thudng xuyin tao cho tiin tuyi'n mpt sdc mqnh vdt chd't vd mdt ngudn dpng viin tinh thdn vd gid"
[10,tt63].
3. PHU NO THANH
H 6 ADAM DANG PHUC VU
CHIMNDAU VA SAN SANG CHI^N DAU
Do ddc diim lich sff phdi thffdng xuydn dd'i mdt vdi hpa ngoai xdm ndn da tao cho ngffdi phu nff Viet Nam mpt tmyIn thdng ra't ddng tff bdo "gide din nhd ddn bd cung ddnh" Trong nhffng ndm khdng chid'n ehd'ng My cffu nffdc, phu nff Viet Nam ndi chung vd phu nff Thanh Hda ndi ridng da phdt buy cao dp tmyIn thd'ng tot dep dd, dung cdm chid'n dd'u, phuc vu chid'n dd'u, gdp pbln bdo vd vffng chac hdu phffdng xd hpi chu nghia.
Trong bai lln chdng chid'n tranh pha hoai cua dl'qud'c My, Thanh Hda la mdt mue tidu ban phd ac bet. Nhidm vu ddt ra cho Dang bp vd nhdn dan Thanh Hda la phai tiitfc hidn "qudn su hda todn ddn", ai khdng trffc tid'p chid'n dd'u tiii phuc vu chien dd'u. Vai trd phuc vu chid'n dd'u eua phu nff Thanh Hda trffde he't thi hien sinh dpng ttong viec cffu chffa thffdng binb, tid'p dan, lau sffng, dao him hdo cdng sff giffp bp dpi vd dan quan. Dd la nhffng cdng vide didn ra ttong mffa bom bao dan, ranh gidi giffa cdi sdng va chd't tiidt mong manh song cbi em vln ludn bdm sdt ttan dia, phuc vu vdi tinh tiian khan trffdng, linh boat nham dap ffng ydu clu cua eupc chid'n dd'u.
Trong tran chie'n dd'u ac liet bdo ve clu Ham Rdng (ngdy 3 vd 4/4/1965), chi em d cac viing ldn can nhff Ydn Vffe, Nam Ngan, Ddng Sdn, Hodng Long,... diu'td chffc thdnh nhffng dpi dan qudn tff vd ttffc tid'p chid'n dd'u vd phuc vu chie'n dd'u rd't kien effdng. Lich sff se khong bao gid qudn nhffng ta'm gffdng qudn minh cffa: ehi Ngd Thi Tuyen, ngffdi nff ddn qudn vilng Nam Ngan da dQng cdm vdc mdt lln baibdm dan nang 98 kg, kip thdi ed dan cho cdc chid'n sT bdn mdy bay My, bdo vd clu Ham Rdng;
cbi Trdn Tbi Dung la xa vidn hdp tac xa Nam Ngan tiiam gia tid'p td' dan cho bd ddi tuy bl thffdng ndng nhffhg vln bdm tru vd chie'n dd'u dd'n hdi tiid cud'i cung; sdu cd gai Lo Cao da qudn minh bdng qua lan bom dan cffa U tiiff 6i cdng tdi tiiffdng binb, dao bdi nhffng ngffdi bi vffi la'p ttong cdng sff,...
Thi dua vdi ehi em phu nff vffng Ham Ring, cdc cbi em d cdc buydn, tbi ttong tinh
da tieb effc hffdng ffng phong trao "ehde tay sung, vOng tay bua", "ehde tay sung, vUng
tay cay" O bau hdt cac ddn vi dan qudn tff vd ttong tinh, ti Id phu nff tham gia ngay
cang dong, "ndm 1965 chii'm 21,1%, di'n ndm 1973 da tdng Un 41,6%" [3, tt 68] Dac
bidt, ttong dd cd 30 ddn vi dan qudn gai dpe lap, cd ttang bi hud'n luydn va sd'n sang
PHONG TRAO "BADAM DANG" CUA PHU NCTHANH H 6 A 97 chid'n dd'u. 6 cdc vffng miln nui nhff Quan Sdn, Thffdng Xudn, Nhff Xuan, Ba Thtfde,...
eac nff dan qudn da sat cdnh cung lffe Iffdng eong an bidn pb6ng, bp dpi tuln tra bdo vd tri an viing bidn gidi cua tinh.
Trffc tid'p chid'n dd'u, lffe Iffdng nff dan qudn da td rd tinb thin gan da, ed kha ndng tid'p thu khoa bpe quan sff, ndng lffe lanh dao td chffc, chi huy chid'n dd'u, phdi hdp tde chid'n vdi bp dpi chu Iffc lap ndn nhffng chid'n cdng vd vang. Tidu bilu Id dpi ddn qudn gai Hoa Ldc (Hau Loc) da dung cdm ban rdi may bay My ngay 15/6/1967, md diu cho phong trdo dan quan gdi miln Bac ban rdi mdy bay My. Dd ciing cbinb la "nhitng ngudi phu nit ddu tiin trin the gidi dd gdp phdn ddp tan edi gpi Id uy thi cda khdng lUe Hoa
Ky" [3, tt. 69]. Vdi thanh tieb ve vang dd, ddn vi da dffdc Bde Hd gffi tbtf khen: "Bde rd't vui long khen cdc chdu dd chii'n dd'u gidi vd ban roi mdy bay phdn lUe My, Bde gdi tdng mdi chdu mdt huy hiiu. Bde mong cdc chdu phdt huy nhitng diim tdt,... cung vdi bd con dia phuong gidnh nhieu thdng lpi to ldn hem nita" [6, tr. 4]. Vdi nhffng thanh thanh tich dat dffdc, dd'n 1973, ddn vi dffdc tuydn dffdng danh hidu anh hilng lffe Iffdng vu trang nhan ddn.
Tid'p tue phat buy tmyIn thdng kidn effdng cua qud btfdng Ba Tridu anh bung, tiidng 8/1967, Thanh Hda da thanh lap dai dpi Tridu Tbi Trinh (Dai dpi dia phtfdng nff dau tidn ttong tinb) do ddng cbi Nguydn Tbi Hang lam dpi trffdng. Dai dpi da cd dpng chid'n dd'u nhilu ndi, ban rdi 3 may bay, ban bi thffdng nhilu chide khae va dffdc Chu tieb Hd Cbi Minh gffi thff khen, tdng buy bidu, dffdc Cbinb phu tang thffdng Hudn Chffdng chid'n cdng.
Thi dua vdi ddn qudn gdi Hoa Loc, cac ddn vi dan qudn gdi Thanh Thuy (TTnh Gia), Hoang Trffdng, Hoang Hai (Hoang Hda), Ha Phu, Ha Toai (Ha Tmng) lan Iffdt ban rdi mdy bay My trdn blu trdi Thanh Hda. Vdi sff chid'n dd'u qua cam va mffu tri, tinh dd'n thdng 7/1972, dan quan gai Thanh Hda da ddc lap ban rdi 10 may bay My, gdp pbln ciing vdi qudn dan Thanh Hda danh thang hai lan chid'n tranh pha hoai cua dd' qud'c My xdm Iffdc.
4. KET LUAN
Tff nam 1965 kbi de qudc My thffc bidn leo thang pha hoai mien Bae, ttffdc hoan canh lich sff dat ra, thffc hidn theo chu trffdng ciia Dang va Tmng tfdng Hpi phu nff Viet Nam, phu nff Thanh Hoa da vffdt qua mpi khd khan, thff thach, ra sffe tbi dua "Ba dam dang" chdng My, cffu nffdc, phd'n dd'u vffdn ldn hoan thanh xua't sac mpi nhidm vu, gdp pbln quan ttpng vao vide xdy dtfng vd bao vd bau pbtfdng vffng manh toan didn. Vdi nhffng thanh tich ve vang ma phu nff Thanh Hoa lam dtfdc trong 10 nam phat dpng phong trdo, toan tinb da cd 245.824 cbi em dat danh bidu "Ba dam dang , 3 cbi va mpt tap thi dtfdc phong tang Anh bung Itfc Itfdng vu trang nhan dan, Hpi lidn hiep phu nff tinh dffdc Nha nffdc tang Hudn chffdng Lao dpng bang Ba va Tmng ffdng Hpi tang 104
98 NGUYEN NGOC CCf, NGUYEN DOAN THUAN la cd "Ba ddm dang" [6, tr.8]. Qua tim bilu v l phong trdo "Ba ddm dang" ciia phu nif Thanh H6a trong khang chid'n ehd'ng My, cffu ntfdc (1965-1975), chffng tdi rut ra mpt sd nhdn xdt sau:
Phong trdo "Ba ddm dang" d Thanh Hda la cude van dpng cbinb tri sdu rdng thu bdt dffdc ddng ddo cbi em phu nff tham gia vd bp da trd thdnh mdt Iffc Iffdng giff vai tto nong cdt d hdu phtfdng.
- Phong trdo "Ba ddm dang" d Thanh Hda dien ra trong td't ca cdc nganh, cdc ITnh vtfc khde nhau trong ddi sdng xa bpi, vdi nhilu ndi dung vd bidn phdp phong phd.
Phong trao "Ba ddm dang" d Thanh Hda cd stf kd't bdp chdt che giffa bai nhidm vu san xua't, xay dffng chii nghia xa hdi vdi chid'n dd'u ehd'ng chid'n tranh pha hoai cua dd'qud'c My.
Phong trao "Ba ddm dang" d Thanh Hda mang tinb lidn tue va ngdy cdng phat triin, gop pbln to ldn vao sff nghidp thd'ng nha't dd't nffdc,...
Qua phong ttao tbi dua "Ba ddm dang" va nhffng thdnh tich dat dffdc, phu nff Thanh Hda da td tiiam thdm nhffng gia tri tdt dep cua ngffdi phu nff Viet Nam, xffng ddng vdi danh hidu ma Bde Ho da ttao tang: "Anh hung, bdt khud't, trung hdu, ddm dang"
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Ban chap hanh Dang bo Viet Nam tinh Thanh Hda, Uch sd Ddng bp tinh Thanh Hda (1954-1975), (Tap 2), Nha xuat bdn chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Npi, (1996).
[2] Ban chap hanh Dang bp VTnh Loc, Lich sd Ddng bp huyin VTnh Ldc (1930-2000), Nha in bao Thanh Hda, (2004).
[3] Hpi lien hiep phu nff Thanh Hda, NhUng chqng dudng ve vang cda phu nU Thanh Hoa, Nha xuat ban Thanh Hda, (1980).
[4] H. Xuan, Cd nhd "Ba gidi", Bao Thanh Hda doi mdi, sd 511, ngdy 21/2/1967.
[5] Hpi lien hiep phu nff Thanh Hda, Phu nU Thanh Hda "Ba dam dang" chdng My citu nudc, Xl nghidp in Ba Dinh Thanh Hda, (1980).
[6] Hpi lien hiep phu nff Thanh Hda, 75 ndm trudng thdnh vd phdt triin (1930-1975), Nha in bdo Thanh Hda, (2005).
[7] L. Q. Hoa, Bdo nhdn ddn, sd 4.858, ngay 29/7/1967.
[8] Ldi kl cua Ba Nguyin Thi Bay, 53 tudi, nguyen la dpi trtfdng dpi ky thuat ehan nuoi beo ciia hdp tac xa Dong Phtfdng Hdng (Tho Xuan-Thanh Hda) giai doan tff 1965 den 1968.
[9] L. Duan, Vai trd vd nhiem vu cda phu na Viet Nam trong giai doqn mdi cda each mqng, Nha xua't ban Stf that, Ha Npi, (1974).
PHONG T R A O " B A D A M DANG" CUA PHU Ntf THANH HOA 99 [10] p. V Ddng, Phong trdo "Ba ddm dang trong sU nghiep chdng My cdu nUdc, Nha
xua't bdn phu nff. Ha Npi, (1966).
[11] X. Ghi, Chi cm phu nU trong tinh soi ndi ddng ki "Ba ddm nhiem", Bdo Thanh Hda ddi mdi, sd 321, ng^y 29/4/1965.
SUMMARY
THE 1965-1975 MOVEMENT OF "BA DAM DANG" OF WOMEN IN THANH HOA PROVINCE IN THE RESISTANCE WAR AGAINST THE U.S.
Nguyen Ngoc Co, Nguyen Doan Thuan
This article describes the movement "Ba dam dang" of women in Thanh Hoa province from 1965 to 1975. Its purpose is to emphasize the major role of women in the local area in the process of construction and protection of the country during the time of the resistance war against the U.S.
"Khoa Lich sff, Tnfdng Dai hoc sU pham I Ha Npi
•"Khoa Lich suT, TrUdng Dai hoc Quy Nhdn
Ngay nhan bai: 12/10/2009; Ngay nhan dang: 28/12/2009.
