K6T QUA DANH GIA SINH TRU'6'NG CUA GlOl XANH VA RE GLfNG TREN CAC MO HINH RU'NG TRONG
Nguyen DLPC Kien, Ngo Van Chinh Trung tam Nghien ciru Giong cay rirng Vien Khoa hoc Lam nghiep Viet nam
TOM T A T
Muc tieu eiia nghien eiru nham xac dinh cic phuang thue trdng rimg phu hgp cho trdng rung Gidi xanh vi Re gimg d Viet Nam. Nghien cim dugc tien hanh tren eic thi nghiem v i md hinh lam sinh ciia hai loii cay niy tai Phu Thg, Thanh Hda vi Gia Lai. Ket qui dinh gii cho thay d giai doan 6-10 tudi khdng cd sy khac biet ve sinh trudng eua Gidi xanh va Re gimg giiia hai phuang thirc trdng thuan loai vi hdn loai vdi eic loii cay bin dia hoac cay mgc nhanh. Re gimg ed sinh trudng kem trong cic md hinh trdng hdn giao theo bing vdi Keo tai tugng hoac hdn giao theo cay tren bing vdi Sdi phing do bi chen ep manh.
Trong phuang thirc trdng hdn giao theo bang vdi Keo tai tugng vdi kich thudc bang chat/bang chua khic nhau cho thiy sinh trudng cua Gidi xanh va Re gimg d giai doan 6 tudi d bang chat/bang chira theo ty le 20m/20m tdt ban rd ret d bang chat^bang chira theo theo ty le 10m/10m. Cae ket qui dinh gia gdp phan bd sung CO sd khoa hgc cho trdng rimg kinh te ciia hai loii cay niy.
Tir khoa: Gidi xanh, Re gimg, Thuan loai, Hdn loai M d D A U
Trong nhiing nam gan day, cac nude nhiet ddi die biet la cic nudc d viing Ddng Nam A va My Latinh danh nhieu quan tam den viee sir dung cay ban dia cho trdng rimg cung cap gd va cic san pham khac. d Viet Nam hien nay, nhu cau sir dyng cac loai gd ldn eho lam dd mgc phye vu tieu dung trong nudc vi xuat khau la rat cao. Dong thdi, viec sir dung cac loai cay ban dia vao trdng rimg dc eung cap go ciing dang dugc quan tam rat nhieu.
Gidi xanh (Michelia mediocris Dandy) vi Re gimg {Cinnamomum obtusifolium (Roxb) Nees) la hai loai cay cung cap gd ldn, cd gia tri kinh tc cao, cd sinh trudng khi nhanh va ed pham vi phan bd rgng d Viet Nam. Chinh vi vay da cd mdt sd nghien cim vd die tinh sinh vat hgc, sinh thii hgc va cic bien phip ky thuat lam sinh cho trdng rung cua hai loai cay niy. Cho ddn nay, mgt sd thi nghiem eic bien phip ky thuat lam sinh eho hai loii cay nay da dugc thyc hien. (Hoing Van Thing, 2005; Vd Dai Hii vi egng sy, 2006). Tuy nhien, cac thi nghiem nay mdi chi dugc dinh gii d giai doan tudi nhd (3-4 tudi). De cd the riit ra nhiing ket luan khoa hgc ve anh hudng ciia cic phuang thuc va bien phip ky thuat lam sinh ddn sinh trudng cua eic loii cay nghien cim, cin cd nhirng nghien euu dinh gii d giai doan tudi ldn ban.
Trong khudn khd ctia de tii "Nghien cim chgn.
nhan gidng va ky thuat gay trdng Gidi xanh vi Re gimg", chung tdi da tien hanh danh gii sinh trudng ciia Gidi xanh va Re gimg trong cic mo hinh da duge xay dyng, tir dd de xuat cic phucmg thirc va bien phap lam sinh phu hgp cho hai loii cay nay.
VAT UEU VA PHUDNG PHAP NGHIEN CUU Vat lieu nghien cun
Qua dieu tra thdng kc cic md hinh Gidi xanh va Re gimg da xay dyng, ehung tdi da tien hanh thu thap sd lieu tren cae thi nghiem va md hinh tai cac dia diem Tram Thyc nghiem Kon Hi Nimg (Gia Lai), Xi nghiep nguyen lieu giay Nggc Lac (Thanh Hoa), Trung tam Thyc nghiem Lam sinh Cau Hai (Phu Thg) v i vudm qudc gia Xuan Som.
Phucmg phap nghien ciru
Nam 2008, chiing tdi da tien hinh thu thap sd lieu ve cac chi tieu sinh tmdng ciia eac md hinh.
Dudng kinh ngang ngyc (D1.3) dugc do bang thudc diy do dudng kinh, chieu eao vut nggn (Hvn) dugc do bang thude do cao. Sd lieu thu thap dugc xir ly bang phan mem Excel 2003.
Bang 1. Cac thf nghiem va mo hinh rung trong Gioi xanh va Re gCpng da thu thap s6 lieu
Loai cay Gidi xanh
Re gimg
Oja diem Nggc Lac Xuan San Kon Ha Nimg Kon Ha Nimg
Nggc Lac Nggc Lac Nggc Lac Cau Ilai
Cau Hai
Cau Hai
Tuoi 6 9 20 3
6 6 6 6
6
6
Phu-OTig thirc trong
Trong thuan loii theo bang, bang chat/chira 10/10m va 20/20m, cy ly trong: 3 m x 3 m
Frdng thuan loai theo dim khdng co cay phii trg, mat do tmng binh 440 cay/ha
Trdng lam giiu dudi tan rung ty nhien, phit rach 5 m, trdng 1 hang, cay cich cay 2 m
Trong hdn giao theo bing vdi Gidi nhung theo ty le 1 hing Gidi xanh + 2 hing Gidi nhung, cy ly trdng: 3 m x2 m
Trong thuan loai theo bang, bang chat/bang chira 10/lOm va 20/20m, cy ly trdng : 3 x 3 m
Re gimg trong hdn giao theo hing vdi Lim xanh vi Trim trang, khdng CO cay phii trg, cy ly trdng: 3 m x 3 m
Trdng thuan loai theo d khdng ed cay phii trg
Trdng hdn giao vdi Sdi phang, Vang trimg va Trim tring theo cay tren hang, giua 2 hang ban dja xen 1 hing cdt khi, cy ly trdng: 4 m x 2 m
Trong hdn giao vdi Sdi phang, Vang trimg va Tram trang theo cay tren hang, 2 hing bin dia + 1 hing Keo tai tugng, cy ly trong: 4 m x 2 m
Re gimg trdng hdn giao vdi Sdi phang, Vang tning vi Tram trang theo cay tren hang, 1 hang ban dia ^ 1 hang Keo tai tugng, cy ly trdng: 4 m x 2 m
K^T QUA v A T H A O L U A N
Ket qua danh gia cay Gidi xanh
Ket qui d bang 2 cho thay Gidi xanh li loai cay sinh trucrng tuang ddi nhanh, tang trucrng binh quan chung ve dudng kinh dat 1,0 - 1,9 m/nam va chieu cao la 1,0 -1,4m/nam. Ket qua nay ciing phii hgp vdi cic danh gia trudc day theo dd sinh trudng cua Gidi xanh d giai doan dudi 10 tndi cd tang trudng trung binh dat 1,1cm ducmg kinh va 1,0m chieu cao (Hoing Van Thing, 2005).
Tai Nggc Lac d ciing tudi 6, Gidi xanh trdng thuan theo bang dudi tan Keo tai tugng cd sinh trudng nhanh, trong dd md hinh trdng theo bang rdng 2 m ed sinh trucrng tdt hom md hinh trdng theo bang rgng 10m. Ket qua danh gii sinh trudng cua Gidi xanh trong hai cdng thue bang chit bang chira cho thay d giai doan 6 tudi, sinh trudng cua Gidi
xanh d bing chat rdng 20m cd sinh trudng dudng kinh (D1,3 = 11,2cm) nhanh ban rd ret so vdi sinh trudng cua Gidi xanh d bang chat rdng 10m (Dl,3
= 8,2m) (Fpr <0.01). Ket qui dinh gia d giai doan 3 nam tudi (Hoang Van Thing, 2005) cho thay klidng cd sy sai khic rd ret ve sinh trudng cua Gioi xanh d cac bang chat bing chua cd do rdng khac nhau. Dieu niy cho thay d giai doan sau 3 tudi, Gioi xanh cd yeu cau rat ldm vc anh sing, do dd tuy theo do cao cua cay phii trg ma cd do rdng cua bang chat bing chira phii hgp.
Ket qui dinh gia md hinh trdng Gidi xanh thuan loai theo dam tai vudn qudc gia Xuan San cho thay rimg trdng Gidi xanh thuin loii khong c6 cay phii trg tai day ed sinh trudng khi tdt vdi lugng ting trudng binh quan hang nam dat 1,7cm duomg kinh vi 1,3m chieu cao. Nghien cim ciia NguyCn
1078 TAP CHI KHOA HOC LAM NGHIEP SO 4 - 2009
Ba Chat (sd lieu khdng cdng bd) tren cac md hinh trdng Gidi xanh thuin loii khdng cd cay phii trg tai mgt sd diem d mign Bic Viet Nam cd lugng ting trudng binh quan hang nam v6 dudng kinh dat khoing 1,0cm tuang duomg vdi lugng ting trudng binh quan ciia Gidi xanh tren cac md hinh hdn giao tai cac dia diem dd (0,96cm) (Bing 3). Nhirng ket qua tren eho thay khdng cd sy khic biet ve sinh trudng cua Gidi xanh trdng thuan loai va trdng hdn loai vdi cic loai cay ban dja khic.
Tai Kon Hi Nimg, trong md hinh Gidi xanh trong hdn giao vdi Gidi nhung thi sinh trudng ciia Gidi xanh cung khi tdt, ting trudng binh quan
dudng kinh dat 1,2cm/ nam, chieu eao dat l,Om/nam. Ben canh dd cay trdng hdn giao vdi Gidi xanh la Gidi nhung ciing ed sinh trucrng rat tdt, cay 7 tudi cd D1.3 = 9,4cm, Hvn = 8,3m, ting trudng ve duomg kinh dat 1,3cm/ nim, chieu cao dat 1,2m/nam. Gidi xanh trdng lam giau theo rach dudi tin rimg ty nhien tai Kon Ha Nimg ed dudng kinh vi chieu cao kha ldn (D1.3 = 20m, Hvn = 20m) nhung tang trudng thap (Dl .3 1 ,Ocm/nam, Hvn= l,Om/nam). Vdi viec md rach trdng ban dau 5m cho tdi thdi diem hien tai thi tin cay ciia cay chua lai da lan at cay trdng xen, vi the cay Gidi xanh dang bi canh tranh rat manh.
Bang 2. Sinh tru&ng cua Gioi xanh trong cac mo hinh rung trong Mo hinh
Trong thuan theo bang, bang chat 20m, bang chira 20m Trong thuan theo bang, bang chat lOm, bang chira lOm Trong thuan loai theo dam Trong lam giiu dudi tan rimg ty nhien
Trong hon giao theo hang vdi Gidi nhung
Dia diem
Nggc Lac Nggc Lac Xuan Son Kon Ha Nimg Kon Ha Nimg
Tu6i
6 6 9 20
3
D1.3 (cm) 11,2 8,2 15,3 20,0
3,6
DD1.3 (cm/nam)
1,9
1,4 1,7 1,0
1,2
Hvn (m) 8,5
7,1 11,4 20,0
3,0
DHvn (m/nam)
1,4
1,2 1,3 1,0
1,0
Bang 3. Sinh tru&ng cua Gioi xanh tren mot so mo hinh rung trong
Md hinh thuan loai Dia diem
Yen Lap Tram Thin Tram Than Doan Hung Doan Hung Doan Hung Trung binh
T\i6i 10 10 10 6 10
6
Dl,3 (cm) 10,6 14,3 10,6 4,6 11,1
4
AZ)I,3 (cm/nam)
1,1 1,4 1,1 0,8 1,1 0,7 1,0
Mo hinh hon loai Dia diem
Tram Thin Yen Huang
T\i6i 6 10
Dl,3 (cm) 5,3 10,4
ADI,3 (cm/nam)
0,9 1,0
1,0 (Nguon: Nguyin Bd Chdt 2003)
Ket qua danh gia sinh trudng cua Re girng Ket qua dinh gii cho thay sinh trudng cua Re gimg tai Nggc Lac li noi cd dat tdt, cdn tinh chat dat rirng la rat tdt, sau 6 nim cd dudng kinh trung
binh dat 13cm, chi6u cao dat 8,7m (Bang 4). Tai Cau Hai trong dieu kien dat xau hom, sinh trudng cua Re gimg chi dat 8,7cm dudng kinh v i 7,1m chieu cao d giai doan 6 nam tudi (Bing 4).
Bang 4. Sinh tru&ng cua Re gCrng trong cac mo hinh rung trong Md hinh
Trong thuan loai theo bang, bang chat 20m, bang keo tai tugng de lai 20m
Trong thuan loai theo bang, bang chat 1 Om, bang keo tai tugng de lai 10m
Trong hon giao theo hing vdi Lim xanh, Tram trang
Trong thuan theo 6 khong co cay phu trg
Trong hdn giao theo cay tren hang, cay phii trg la cdt khi
Trong hon giao theo cay tren hang, 2 hang ban dia + 1 hang Keo tai tugng
Trong hon giao theo cay tren hang, 1 hang ban dia + 1 hang Keo tai tugng
Dia diem
Nggc Lac
Nggc Lac
Nggc Lac
Nggc Lac
Cau Hai
Cau Hai
Cau Hai
Tuoi
• 6
6
6
6
6
6
6
D l , 3 (cm)
14,4
12,2
12,5
13,1
9,5
8,4
7,9
AD1,3 (cm/nam)
2,4
2,0
2,1
2,2
1,6
1,4
1,3
Hvn (m)
8,6
8,0
8,9
9,2
7,8
6,9
6,7
A Hvn (cm/nam)
1,4
1,3
1,5
1,5
1,3
1,2
1,1
Ket qui dinh gii sinh trudng cua Re gimg trong hai eong thirc bang chat bang chira tai Nggc Lac cho thay d giai doan 6 tudi sinh trudng cua Re gimg d bang chat rgng 20m cd sinh trudng dudng kinh (Dl,3 = 14,4em) nhanh horn rd ret so vdi sinh trudng ciia Re gimg d bang chat rgng 1 Om (D1,3 = 12,2m) (Fpr <0.01). Ket qua danh gia d giai doan 3 nam tudi (Hoing Van Thing, 2005) cho thay khong CO sy sai khac rd ret ve sinh trudng ciia Re gimg d cac bang chat bang chira cd do rgng khac nhau. Dieu nay cho thay d giai doan sau 3 tuoi, Re gimg cd yeu cau rat ldn ve inh sang, do dd tuy theo do cao ciia cay phu trg ma cd do rgng cua bang chat bang chira phii hgp.
Ket qua danh gia so sinh sinh trudng ciia Re
gimg theo phuang thuc trdng thuan loai theo 6 va phuomg thirc trdng bdn giao theo cay tren hang vdi cic loai cay bin dia khic cho thay khong co sy sai khic rd ret vc sinh trudng eua phucmg thirc trong nay (Fpr > 0,05). Ket qui so sanh sinh trudng dudng kinh giiia md hinh trdng theo bang chat bang chii'a rgng 20 ra vdi md hinh trdng rimg thuan loii theo d ciing cho thay cd su khac biet khi rd ret giira hai phucmg thiie trdng nay (Fpr = 0.05).
Trong cac md hinh Re gimg trdng hon giao theo cay tren hang tai Cau Hai, Phii Thg thi Re gimg trong hon giao cd cay phii trg li cdt khi ed dudng kinh la 9,5cm v i chieu eao la 7,8m, tdt hem so vdi md hinh trdng vdi cay phii trg la Keo tai tugng. Mo hinh trdng hon giao cd cay phu trg la Keo tai tugng
1080 TAP CHI KHOA HOC LAM NGHIEP SO 4 - 2009
thi Keo tai tugng sinh trudng nhanh hom vi vugt len tren tan ciia cay trong chinh vi the trong thdi gian tdi ta cd the tiln hinh chat bd de tao khdng gian dinh dudng cho cay ban dia ben dudi.
Ben canh dd trong cic md hinh niy cd cay trdng hon giao la Sdi phing sinh trudng rit nhanh, ducmg kinh tir 13,8 - 16,4cm vi ehifiu cao tir 9,9 - 11,5m, khoing cich giira cic cay tren hing ban dau trdng tuong doi gan nhau vi the Re gimg ciing nhu cac loii cay trong khic bi lan it vi sinh trudng kem.
KET LUAN V A O ^ X U A T
Tir ket qua dinh gii d tren, chiing tdi dua ra mdt so ket luan ban dau nhu sau:
- Khdng cd sy sai khic rd ret ve sinh trudng cua
Gidi xanh va Re gimg giira cac phuong thirc trdng thuan loai vahdn loai.
- Sinh trudng cua Gidi xanh vi Re gimg d bang chat/bang chira theo ty le 20m/20m tdt hom d bang chatTjang chira theo theo ty le 1 Om/1 Om.
- Trong cic md hinh trdng lim giau theo rach dudi tan rirng ty nliien, rach trdng can md rgng tir 10-15 m de md rgng khdng gian dinh dudng ciia cay tao dieu kien cho cay sinh trudng va phit trien tdt ban.
- Can ben hanh chat bd cic hang cay Keo tai tugng Udng phu trg Uong cic thi nghiem trdng hdn giao cay bin dia sau 6 nam de tao dieu kien cho cay bin dia sinh trudng v i phit trien tdt.
TAI LI£U THAM KHAO
Vo Dai Hii, Nguyen Xuan Quit, Tran Van Con, Ding Thinh Trieu, 2006. Trdng rimg sin xuit miSn niii phia Bac, tir nghien cim den phit trien. NhixuatbanNdngnghiep, 199 trang.
Hoang Van Thing, 2005. Nghien ciru xay dyng md hinh trdng rirng hdn loii bang cic loii cay la rgng ban dia tren dit rimg thoii hoa tai cac tinh phia Bac. Bao cio tdng ket de tai, Vien Khoa hgc Lam nghiep Viet Nam.
RESULTS OF AN ASSESSMENT OF MICHELIA MEDIOCRIS AND CINNAMOMUM OBTUSIFOLIUM IN PLANTATION MODELS
Nguyen Due Kien, Ngo Van Chinh Forest Tree Improvement Research Centre
Forest Science Institute of Vietnam SUMMARY
The objective of the study was to determine suitable plantation establishment methods for planting Michelia mediocris and Cinnamomum obtusifolium in Vietnam. The study was conducted in silvicultural trials and plantations of these species in Phu Tho, Thanh Hoa and Gia Lai provinces. The results showed non- significant differences in growth of the two species in pure stands and mixed stands either with other native species or Acacia mangium. C. obtusifolium had poor performance in the line-mixed stands with /I. mangiiim or in individual-mixed stands with Lithocarpus fissiis. In the band-mixed stand with A. mangium, growth of these species in bands of 20 m wide was significantly better than those in bands of 10 m wide. The findings from this study will contribute towards increasing knowledge for successful plantation development of these two species.
Key words: Michelia mediocris, Cinnamomum obtusifolium, Pure stand. Mixed-stand
