BliNBiN TBAO odi
GOP BAN VE KHAI NIEM "TON GIAO" VA "TIN NGUDNG"
C
ho dfin nay, efie hpe gil trong vfi ngofii nude da dua ra nhiSu djnh nghia vfi sy lufin gili khfie nhau vfi tfln giao va tin ngudng. Dfiy Ifi mfil ttiyc ttil hay hai ttiyc ttil rifing bifit Ifi vfin d l hifin d n d nhilu y kiln khfic nhau. Oiiu dfl khflng nhffng anh hudng din sy phfit ttiln cda ly lufin khoa hpe v l Idn giao va tt'n ngudng ma ttong nhilu ttudng hpp d n dan td nhffng hS luy dang Sfic ttong Uiyc Sin cdng lae tfln gifio, b'n ngudng. Bd vay, vific nghifin effu, frao dli de d din nhan ttiffc ehung vfi ton giao va S'n ngudng Ifi rat d n ttiilt, nhat lfi frong bfii ranh ttnh hinh tdn giao, fi'n ngudng d nudc ta dang d nhffng diln biln phffc tap hien nay.Ve tdiii niem tdn giao, da d hfing tram djnh nghla dupe dua ra thi hifln nhffng quan dilm, gfle dfl Slp can va muc dfch nghifln cffu khfie nhau eda d c tfie gil. Trong nhifiu cdng trinh nghifin cffu vfi tfln gifio d nudc la fiudc dfiy, nhilu nhfi nghiSn effu ttiffdng Inch din y kiln cda Ph. Angghen trong tfie pham "Ching Ouy - rinh" vfi xem dd ifi djnh nghTa vfi Idn gifio: "Nhung tat d mpi tfin gifio chang qua chi Ifi sy phln anti hu lo - vfio diu de eda ron ngud - cfla nhffng Iyc lupng d bfln ngoai ehi phli eude sing hfing ngfiy cfla hp; chi ifi phln anh ttong dl nhffng Iyc lupng d fran ttil da mang hinh ttiffe Iyc
UDhg sifiu ttan ttifi""'. Tff do, tdn gifio dupe quan nifim Ifi hlnh ttifii y ttiffc xfi hfli sai Ilm, phln khoa hpc. Tuy nhifln, edng vd qufi ttinh nghifin cffu chfl nghla Mfic - Lfinin v l tfln giao dffd anh sfing eda tff duy all md, nhilu nha nghifln effu eho rang, vific lay nhin xfit nfiu ttSn cfla Ph.Angghen d l xem dd IS djnh nghTa v l tfln gifio Ifi phifin difln, chua phln anh day dd quan nifim mfic xlt vfi tdn gifio.
Duong thd, d l ching iai d c quan d i m duy tfim, ttiln hpc va quan dim sifiu hinh, cyc doan v i
LEVANL0I*
tfln gifio, rac nhfi kinh diln eda chfl nghia Mfic - LS nin da dffng ttfln quan dilm eda ehd nghla duy vat bifln ehffng vfi ehd nghTa duy vat Ijeh sff d l nghifin effu vfi ehi ra bin ehat xfi hfii efla tfln gifio. C.Mfie vfi Ph.Anghen cho rang, tfln gifio d ban chat dac ttid (so vd d e hlnh ttiai y ttiffe xfi hpi khfie) d ttnh
"hu lo", "Ipn ngupe". Nhung eung ttieo d e fing, vl ldn giao phln anh hifin ttiyc, nfin nhffng van d l hiSn ttiyc It nhiSu dupe ghi dau an ttong Idn giao, lfim eho Ifin gifio ttd ttianh hifin ftjpng xfi hpi dae ttid, vffa ttiyc, vffa hff. Mat khae, vd hat nhfin Ifi sy phln anh hff lo, nilm fin v l dang sifiu nhifin, qufi trinh ra dd va tin tai eda Idn gifio d n fi'eh hpp nhifiu gifi frj dao dffe, van hda eda ron ngffd. Hon nffa, sy ra dd cda Idn gifio phin finh nhu rau, khfit vpng cfla con ngud thofii khdi khi dau vfi sy bfit Iyc khdng Id ttiofit frang dd sing hifin thye. Trong nhffng trudng hpp nhat djnh, tdn gifio d the ttd ttifinh ngpn d tff ttrdng Song d e phong frfio quin ehdng. Ngofii phffong dien ro bin efla tfin gifio Ifi y ttiffe, nifim fin v l dang sifiu nhifin, tdn gifio ron ro rae phuong difin khae eung nat quan ttpng d l tao ttianh d u ttue hdn ehinh. C.Mae vilt "...ttong mpi tdn giao, sy an nan, sy hi sinh, va d ttil la ra sy x l ttian nffa, hpp ttifinh bin chat cfla boat dpng ttj hanh, d a sy ttid phyng""'. Nhff vay, quan nifim mac xlt khdng gid han d ehd "dinh nghTa" tdn gifio ehi Ifi sy phln finh mpt deh hrang dudng, hu lo mfi d n ttiffa nhan ldn giao d n ehffa dyng ra nhffng ylu to hifin ttiyc vfi nhffng gia ttj dao dffe, van hda nhal dnh. Quan nifim mfic xft v l tfin giao eung khdng gid ban viflc xem xfit Ifln gifio chi Ifi hinh thai y ttiffe xfi hfii mfi d n xem tfln gifio vd S'nh dch la mpt ttlu hfi ttifing eda kiln Sffe ttiffong ting xfi hpi bao gim ra y ttiffe tfin gifio va ttiilt chl duy tti va lam tfii sinh ra y Side dd.
* Tii'n si, Hge viin Chinh tri qudc gia Hd Chi Minh.
1 - C. Mdo -PhAng ghen: Todn tap, Nxb. CTQG, H, 1995, tdp 20, tr. 437.
2 - C.Mdc - PhAng ghen: Todn tdp, Sdd, tdp 6, tr.
471.
TAP CHi GIAO Dgc L* LUAN - S6 228 (4/2015) 69
BIEN BiN TBAO BOI Chd fich Hfi Chi Minh khdng dffa ra djnh nghTa
vfi tdn gifio, song qua rae bai vifit bai nfii chuySn, ttiuSl... d a Ngudi d ttil ttiay, Ngud da ro raeh fiSp cfin hfit sffe dpe dfio vfi hien tt/png tdn gifia Dfi cap din tdn gifio, Ngffd khdng ehi ehd y dSn mat niSm fin, y ttiffe tdn gifio ma d n nhan manh dfin d c ttifinh tfi khac nhff: Ngffd sang lap tfin gifio; d e nghi IS Idn gifio; d c nhfi ttj hanh, t'n d l va d c sinh boat Idn giao... Trong mli ttianh tldd, Ngffd diu chi to nhffng gia ttj nhfin dao, nhfin van in chffa dang sau vS ngoai huyfin bf. Vd ngud dng lap tdn gifio, Ngud ttfin ttpng vfi dfi rao nhfin dch, sy hi sinh vl nhfin ioai d a hp. Vd gifio ly Idn gifio, Ngud phfit hifin chdng ehffa dyng nhilu gifi tti dao dffe, van hda d n ttiill eho euflc sing. Ngud khing djnh ly ttidng Ifln gifio d nhilu dim ttiong ding vd ly ttrdng eflng sin;
Sfin Spng nhffng dflng gflp d a ehffc sic, nhfi Si hfinh Ifln gifio; Sn Sidng vao Idng yfiu nudc vfi khi nang lo Idn d a quan chdng ttn d i frong diu ttanh gili phdng giai rap, gili phflng dfin tfie vfi xfiy dyng xa hd md. Nhu vay, t ; SAig efla Ngud v l tdn gifio cho chdng ta ttifiy tdn gifio Ifi mpt ttiyc ttil xfi hpi mang bin chfit vfin hfia vfi hit sffe sinh dpng.
Tff nhffng quan d i m d a ehd nghla Mfic - Lfinin va S; ludng Hi Chi Minh d ttil ttiay, sy phln anh hu lo v l hifin ttiye la phuong difin mang S'nh bin chat dac ttid d a tfin giao, nhung ngofii ra, tfin giao d n chffa dyng frong nfl nhffng yfiu to hien ttiyc vfi nhilu gifi tti van hfla, dao dffe tot dep. Tfln gifio khflng don ttiuin Ifi mflt hlnh ttiai y ttiffc xfi hfii ma d n Ifi mat ttiyc ttil xa hpi bao gim nhilu ylu 11 hpp ttifinh vfi lufin d tae dpng da chifiu dSn mpi mat cda dd sing xa hpi. Tff sy phfin ttch frfin d ttil khfii quat; Tfin gifio la mpt ttiyc ttie xa hpi mang tinh da difin, frong dd hat nhfin Ifi nilm Sn hoang dudng, hu lo v l hifin ttiyc hay nifim ttn vao d i sifiu nhifin, ttiln thfinh, dupe "vfit chat hoa" ttifinh he thing thifil chfi chat che (ttiudng bao gfim giao ly, gifio lufit gifio IS va gifio hfli), dfing ttid ttiyc hifln chffe nang dfic ttiff Ifi bd dap bang l o firing cho nhffng thilu hut frong eufie sing d a ron ngud khi hp cPn chju nhifiu frdi budc vfi d n d nhilu ban chl frong viec ifim chd ttj nhifln, xfi hfli va iam chd ban ttifin.
70
Vef/n nguflng
Trang ttfing Phfip hay filngjfth deu co hai thuat ngff riflng eho ttn ngffdng vfi tfln giao. Trong fieng Phap, Croyanre Ifi ttn ngudng, Reiigieuse ia ton giao; d n frong filng Anh, Bilief la tin ngudng va Religion Ifi tfln gifio. Dilu phffc lap d day la, khai nifim fin ngffdng trong ngfln ngff phuong Tay bieu dal hai nfli dung: Tin ngudng la niem tin tfln giao, ia bfi phan quan frpng hpp ttifinh rau tnic ton giao; tin ngudng d n Ifi nhffng hinh ttiffe IS bai, thd phung, Chfnh d deh hilu ttiff hai nay liS d hpc gia thi cho rang, ttn ngudng khfie Ifln giao va tha'p hon ton giao, ron d hpc gil lai quan nifim, ttn ngudng la ton giao.
Quan nifim phi biln ttudc flay cho ring, tin ngudng ifi rap dp ttiap cfla Idn giao, chua dat den Sinh dfi hofin ttiifin nhu tfin gifio. Theo do, d ton giao vfi ttn ngffdng dfiu Ifi hlnh ttiai y ttiffc xahpiphananh hff lo v i hifin ttiye, la nilm Sn vao d i thieng, cai sieu nhifln, nhung Ifln giao dfi phat ttiln ien td trtnh dp to chffe rao hon, bao gfim day dd d c ye'u to giao chu, gifio ly, gifio lufit gifio IS vfi gifio hpi, d n tin nguflng ehua d dly dd d e yfiu tfi dd. Trong cuon Tin ngudng Thfinh hoang Viflt Nam", lfic gia Nguyen Duy Hinh khang djnh: Dffng ttiuat ngff tin nguflng d day nhim chi mdt S'nh ram Idn giao ehua dupe the che hfla rao dp, vfi d ttil hilu Ifi mpt hinh thai thap hon tfin gifio hilu ttieo nghla tfln gifio da the che hoa, nhu d e tfin giao Idn hay d c Ifln gifio nhan tao nhu Ang ghen nd. Theo lac gil NguySr Dang Ban: 'tin ngudng Ifi nilm Sn vfio Iyc luong sifiu nhien nhung khdng hfli dd nhffng ylu H nhff tfln giao (giao chu, gifio ly, gifio luat vfi t l ehffe)"'^'. Nhu vay, theo rac tac gil ttfln, t'n ngudng vfi tfln gifio Ifi hai ttiyc ttie khac nhau, ttong dfi nlu xSI vS ttinh dp t l chffe ttii fin ngudng khdng bing Idn gifia
Tuy nhifln, van d l dal ra Ifi, viec tin ngudng khflng d t l chffe phffc tap nhff tfln giao ifi do nfl ehffa dat din Sinh dp rao nhff Idn gilo hay ban thfin nd khfing hffdng din mfit t l chffc phffc lap nhu
3 - Xem: Nguyin Ddng Bdn: Ddi diiu hda vi tin ngirng vd tdn giao, Tgp chi Cdng tdc tdn gido, sd 11-2014, tr. IL
TAP CHlSlAO Ogc IV LUAN - S6 228 (/
•J'
DliN BiN TBAO Bdi vay? Theo quan d i m d a nhffng ngud cho rang S'n ngudng cd frinh dp ttiap hon tdn gifio ttii dudng nhu (ttong tt/ong lai), nd se vuon td ttinh dp l l chffc d a tdn gifio. Nhffng nlu nghifin effu Ijeh sff tin tai d a rae loai hlnh tin ngudng, ngoai trtr nhffng tin ngffdng dan xen vd tdn giao (nhff dao Mlu), d ttil thay ehdng khdng d xu hudng "hfi ttifing hda" ttieo kilu efla tfln giao phuong Tfiy. Oiiu dfl giup ehdng ta ro ttil d td nhfin djnh, viflc tt'n ngudng khflng ro l l chffc "hofin ttiiSn" nhu d u ttflc Ifln gifio khflng phli la nfl chua phat ttien dfin ttinh dp dd mfi vd ttJ rach la mdl hifin tupng ijch sfl - van hda - xfi hdi gin vd flae trung van hda phuong Ddng, tt'n ngudng ro quy lual hlnh thfinh vfi bifin dli rifing.
Mat khfie, dff tfln gifio d cfiu trtic phffc tap hon rau ttflc cda tt'n ngudng ttii edng khflng ttil tff dfl kit luan rang tfln gifio la hinh ttiai ttnh ttiln phat ttiln hon hinh ttifii S'n ngffdng. D l ly gili d i u nfiy, ran quay lai vd quan dim vfi phfit triln. Tnjdc dfiy, ttong d e giao ttinh Trilt hpe Mfle - Lfi nin van ttiuPng djnh nghia: Phfit ttiln ifi qufi ttinh vfin ddng Iheo xu hudng tiln Ifln tff ttiap Ifin rao, tff giin don dfin phffc tap, tff kfim hofin thifln dfin hoan ttiifin hon. Djnh nghia nfiy trd nfin phi biln va ttJng dupc nhilu ngud ehap nhan va van dung vao d e ngfinh khra hpe xa hpi va nhfin van ttong dd d ngfinh Tfin gifio hpc Phii chang bj chi phd bdi quan niem nay mfi nhifiu ngud eho rang, rau tnic phffc tap eda Idn giflo Ihl hifin Irinh dp phfit triln rao hon tin nguflng?
Quan dilm v l phfit trien nhu trfin ehua thfit hpp ly, vi qufi trinh "phffe lap hoa" khPng phli Ide nao eung dai difin cho khuynh hudng phfit triln. Thyc l l eho ttiay, nhilu khuynh hsdng tff phffe tap din don giin md dai difin eho phat ttiln, ehing ban nhu ttid fijc hflnh chinh, bfl may nhfi nffde... Nd nhff vay de ttifiy rang, nfiu ran eff vfio dp phffc lap cda rau ttflc tan gifio so vd tin ngudng rli tff dd eho ring tdn gifio ifi hinh ttiffe phfit ttiln rao, d n fi'n ngffdng Ifi hlnh ttiffe phfit ttiin ttiap eda dd sing tfim linh, Ifi chffa ttiuyll phuc
Mat sfi hpc gia khfic eho ring, khfing nfln sff dung khfii niSm "S'n ngffdng" d l chi nhffng hinh ttifii sinh boat finh ttiln mang fi'nh nghi IS vfi ttid phung TAP CHi GlAO Dgc LY LUAN - S6 228 (4/2015)
da ro tt? Ifiu dd frong Ijd sff dfin ldc nhff ttid dng t l ttSn, ttid dng anh hdng dfin tpc, nhffng ngffd d cflng vd cpng ding hay nhffng hifin tffong S;
nhifin... Theo hp, phli gpi nhffng hiSn lupng dd la
"Idn gifio", vl ehdng dfiu mang dac trong ehung vd tdn giao ifi sy nguflng vpng, tdn ttid d i thifing, d i sifiu nhifin. Hon nffa, nlu phfin bifit giffa tin ngffdng vfi Idn gifio la lam "ha ttiap" tfin gifio eda dfln Ipe. Vi vay, d l ttanh rd vfio "ehd nghla ttung tam ehfiu Au", d n phli xem tat ra rae hlnh ttiai ttid dng to ttfln, ttid dng anh hdng dfin tpe, ttiP cdng ttiln linh d a dfin lfic lfi IPn giao. Tuy nhifin, trude thyc t l d e Idn giao nhu Cfing giao, Phat gifio, Hll giao... ro rau ttflc phffc tap hon, nhffng ngud theo quan nifim
"ding nhfit hda" giffa ldn giao vfi fi'n nguflng phli d l xuat ttifinh d c loai tfin gifio khac nhau, ttxing dfi d e hinh ttifii ttil hifin nifim ttn vfio d i ttiifing frong fruyfin ttiing d a dfin Ipe dupe xfip vfio "tdn giao dfin tfle" hay "tfln gifio d a dai chflng".
Quan dilm ding nhal giffa tin ngffdng vfi tfln giao S/dng ehffng hpp ly d v l mat ngff nghla va y nghTa, song d nhffng ban chl: (1) Vific khufln mpt hifln ttrpng d die tnjng riflng bifit vfio ly ttiuyfit djnh san (ly ttiuyfit phuong Tfiy v i Ifln giao) tudng ehffng Ifi ehing lai "dd nghTa ttung tfim ehfiu Au", song vfl hinh Chung lai phd nhan bin sae vfi gifi fii von ro eda S'n ngudng phuang Ddng vln khfic vd dae ttnh eda Idn giao. Chd tjeh HI Chl Minh tffng nhan xet rat xae dang: "Ngud dfin An Nam khdng d linh mue, khfing d tfln gifio, ttieo dch nghT eda ngud Chfiu Au. Vific cdng bfii t l fifin hofin ttjfin Ifi mpt hifln Urpng xfi hpi. Chdng toi khfing d nhffng ngffd S/ l l nfio. Nhffng ngffd gia ttong gia dnh hay d e gifi bin la ngffd ttiyc hifln nhffng nghi l l ttidng nifim. Chdng Id khdng bill uy fi'n d a ngffd ttiay edng, d a linh muc Ifi gf'*'. Rfl rfing, theo rach hilu d a phuong Tfiy vfi tfin gifio thi Viflt Nam khfing d Ifln gifio. Vifle gan cho d e hinh ttiffc ttid edng, sinh boat tfim linh eda dfin tpc ia tdn gifio tffdng ehffng Ifi nflng gia tti eda ehdng, nhung vfi hlnh chung lai din
4 - Ho Chi Minh: Todn tap, Nxb. CTQG, H, 2011, tdp 1, tr. 463.
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td raeh hilu "tfin gifio dan tdc" thap hon d c tfln gifio phuong Tfiy vl d u frde don giin ban. (ii) V I mat ttiyc fifin, khi da ttiffa nhan tt'n ngffdng la tfin gifio, ttii bupc phli quin ly nhu vd tdn gifio, nfiu khdng muon phfi vd nguyfin lie "binh dang giffa d e Idn giao". Cd nghTa cdng tfie quin ly S'n ngudng cQng dupc fip dung gilng nhy dng tac quin ly tOn gifio. Oilu do d nguy co dfin td vific khuich fruong, "hlnh ttiffc h8a" t l chffe vfi hoat dpng fi'n ngffdng, Ifim mat d nhffng gifi frj mang S'nh bin sic d a S'n ngffdng Suyin ttiong.
Tin nguang khfing phli la d p dp ttiap hon d a tan gifio, dng khfing phli la mpt ioai hinh ton gifio.
Vay afic ttung mang ttnh bin chat d a fi'n ngudng Ifi gi vfi nd dang vai fra nhu ttifi nao frong dd sing xa hpi? Gilng nhu tfin gifia S'n ngudng cung phin anh hu lo vfi hifin thyc, biln d i ttan tuc ttifinh rai ttiiSng, rai ty nhien ttifinh d i sieu nhifin, song frong S'n ngudng, sy phln finh dd khdng dfi'y td mflt
"dch xa dd sfing vat chat hon d " nhu tOn gifio. Cai ttiifing ttong fi'n ngudng gin gui va nhilu khi hba bdn vd rai trin tue Song eupe sing eda d nhfin vfi cfing dfing. Nlu dt8n gifio, dang sifiu nhifin dupc fin ia d sffe manh ttjySI dli tli ttiupng vfi d "khi nang" dng thfi vfi cffu ttil, ttii d ttn ngffdng, ngffd ta quan niflm Iyc lupng sieu nhifln d d ylu dflng vai frfl che chd, phfl frp (hoae gfly hai ttong mpt s l ttudng hpp). Dac ttung phfin biflt ro giffa S'n ngudng va tfln gifio la d sy hudng dieh d a nilm fin. Mae dd d S'n ngudng vfi Ifln giao dfiu Ifi niSm fin vao d i sifiu nhifln, song nlu nifim fin tfln giao hudng dSn "eupe sfing" sung sudng d ttiien dudng, nilt ban... sau khi chit hay nd d d Ifi cffu dnh cho d i chit ttii nilm fin S'n ngudng hudng td sy d u mong cho cudc sing hifin tai d a d nhfin va cpng ding"'.
Xfit v l mat rau Sue, S'n ngudng khfing bao gim hfi ttiSng phffc lap nhff tfln gifip d v l mat s l lupng ttifinh llvfi kfit rau bfin tteng d a filng ttifinh to hpp ttifinh. Tin ngudng khong d d e ylu l l gifio chd, giao ly, gifio luat va S'n dfi. Od vd S'n do tdn gifio.
mpt ngud ttong mpt ttid d i m ey ttil chi ed ttil cd mflt ton giao ran mflt ngud dfin d ttifi ding ttidi sinh boat d nhifiu S'n ngudng khfie nhau; ldn gifio cd he ttiong kinh den dly dd, d l sfl d n fin nguflng chi d mpt so bfii vfin t l ; tfln gifio d d e gifio sT hfinh dao ehuyfin nghifip va ttieo sufit dd, d n ttn nguflng khfing d ai Ifim vific nfiy mpt dch ehuyfin nghiflp."'
Tfln gifio d nhifiu chffe nang nhu: Chffc nang ttil gid quan, chffe nang din bd bing io S/dng (ttiudng dupe gpi Ifi chflt; nfing ttiufic phifin); chffc nang d i u dinh hfinh vi, chffe nang lifin kfit cdng ding vfi dffe nang chuyin gifio van hfla... Tin ngudng cung ttiyc hifin rac chffc nang ttfin song phuong ttiflc tfie ddng khfing hofin tofin gilng tdn giao. Thi gid quan tdn giao bj ehi phli bdi quan nifim vfi nifim tn v l dang sfing ttifi tofin nang va ttiuflng dupe xac lap bang hfi thfing kinh dfin tat 36 so. Con thfi gid quan fi'n ngudng khfing ap dat ISn nhfin thffe efla ron ngud mdl mlu hinh thi giiS dupe sang thi ra nhu Ihl nflo. Sy d i u chinh hfinh vi ffng xff, dao dflc cda Idn gifio ifi Ihdng qua ha filing triing phat kfip: Sy trtmg phat cfla dfing si6u nhifin (tt/dng tffpng) vfi sy trtmg phat cda t l chdc gifio hpi (ehi lai ttiat sy, nhilu khi d bang bao Iyc).
Tin ngudng dfiu dinh hfinh vi dao dffe, ttng xff cda ngttd ro tin ngffdng, ttiay bing sy "chfi tfii" cda t l dffe gifio hdi Ifi sy tdn kinh va noi theo guong sfing d a nhffng dang bae dffpc Idn ttid. Chffc nang Ii6n kit cpng ding d a Ifin gifio chd yfiu ttiyc hifln d ttong pham vi d a tffng cpng ding Ifln gifio cu ttil, d n ngoai pham vi dfl Ifln giao d xu hudng bfli Sff nhau rat ro nflt. Tham d i , d nd, d ldc, t l chffc tfln giao d n sff dyng bao lye d l ttan fip nhffng ngudi khdng dng nilm ttn Idn giao, tham d i d dli vdi nhffng ngud cflng nilm Sn nhung ehi khfie biflt v l &
nghi hay ttiyc hfinh tfln giao (nhu dflng Hll gHo Sunni vfi dflng Hll giao SiH chang han). Tin nguflng ttiye hifin dffe nang lifln kit., (xem Sdp Irang 77)
5 - Xem Nguyin Bdng Duy: Cdc hinh thdi tdn gido, tin ngudng d Viet Nam, Nxb. VHTT, H, 2001, tr. 23.
6 - Xem Nguyen Quang Kbdi: Su gidng nhau vd klidc nhau giila tdn gido vdi tin ngudng, giUa tin ngudng vdi ml tin di doan vd mdi qugn hi giila chung. Website Ban Tdn gido Chinh phu, ngdy 29-3- 2014.
72 r,W" CHI G I A O D g c LY L U A N - S<5 228 (4/2015)
