NGHIEN CUU LAM SACH TAP CHAT KIM LOAI NANG DOC HAI TRONG BOT KHOANG SERICIT SON BJNH
TS. NGUYEN VAN HANH, KS. NGUYEN VAN TRQNG, TS. DAO DUY ANH - Vien Khoa hoc Vat lieu
1. Gid'i thieu chung
Sericit la khoang vat thude nhdm alumino silicat dang vi tinh thi, thude hp mica. Cdng thCrc hoa hpc cliung: Ko.^i(AI,Fe,Mg)2 (SiAI)40io(OH)2.nH20, thanh phln hoa hoe eua khoang vat sach: Si02=43,13-49,04
%, Al203=27,93~37,44 %, K20+Na20=9~11 %, H20=4,13~6,12 %. Sericit cd anh lua, anli kim, cae khii sericit sach cd mau xam sang, phdt hing, trIng, ca hat phan b l tCp mjn d i n rIt min. Ti trpng 2,6-2,7 g/cm^. Dp Cling: 2-3 (theo Mohr). Tinh dan hii cao, b l mat tran bdng, chlng mai mdn tit. Chju nhiet cao, din nhiet kem, each dien, each am tit, khdng thim nudc. Sericit khd bj pha huy trong dung djch kilm va axit. Cd kha nang chlng eae tia tO ngoai (ultraviolet-UV). Vdi nhiiu dac tinh qui bau tren, sericit dugc c h i biln d l lam nguyen lieu trong nhiiu ITnh vuc nhu: edng nghiep cao su, xay dung,
nhua, polyme, san, phlm mau, g i m su, luyen kim, gily, san xult d i u ma bdi tran, dugc va hda my phlm [5, 8].
Do cd cac dac tinh m i m , mugt, khdng bj m l t dp bdng khi hut I m va eae tinh nang chlng eae tia UV, giO I m , k i t dinh, dp trong, anh l i p lanh, dp mjn cho b l mat da, khdng ddc nen sericit dugc SLP dung lam phu gia hoac cac c h i t phu, c h i t ddn, c h i t n i n cho cac loai son, p h l n mlt, phln mau khd va udt, cac loai kem va xa phdng duang da [6]. Ngoai eae ehi tieu chinh d i i vdi c h i t lugng bdt sericit nhu Si02, AI2O3, Fe203, pH... vi lugng cac kim loai nang nhu Pb, Hg, As va Cd eung dugc qui djnh r I t nghiem ngat. Tieu chuln c h i t lugng mdt s l loai bpt khoang sericit thuang p h l m tren thj trudng hien nay dugc neu trong Bang 1.
Bang 1. Tieu chuin mdt sd san phim sericit thuung pham tren thi tnrdng the gidi
Chi tieu Ham lugng SiOa
AI2O3 FezOs pH OOlm
H^m lugng As Ham lugng Pb Ham lugng Hg
Dan
V!
%
%
%
% ppm ppm ppm
T§n san phlm bdt sericit theo tieu chuln MPSI-code 200 va tieu chuln C.A.S 221
45.5 36.7 1.0 6-8
- - - -
279 45.5 36.7 1.0 6-8
- - - -
281 57 35 - 6.3 1.5 3 5 0.5
285 57 35 - 6.3
1.5 3 5 0.5
287 - - - 6.0-7.5
0.1 3 10
1
288 - - - 6.0-7.5
0.1 3 10
1 1
Ham lugng eac nguyen t l dpc hai trong bdt sericit dugc khlng c h i chat ehe la do nhung anh hudng x l u cua chung tdi SLPC khde con ngudi nhu sau: Pb gay r i i loan qua trinh ting hgp mau dan din lam thilu mau, tang huylt ap, pha huy than, gay sly thai, t i n hai he thin kinh, nao, ngan can SLP hinh thanh va pha huy t l bao, lam suy giam tri tue, rii loan kilm soat hanh vi va lam tang tinh bao luc d tre em. Hg lam t i n thuang chuc nang cua nao, he thin kinh va he gen, gay hien tugng dj
LPng, bdng da, dau d i u , s l y thai d phu nu... As la nguyen t l cd dpc tinh cao, lam giam kha nang san sinh t l bao mau, gay t i n thuang he tuln hoan, hd hip, lam biln d i i , pha huy da, nguy ea d i n tdi ung thu cac bp phan nay rIt cao. Vi vay chung d n phai loai bd t i i da ra khdi san phlm sericit d l SLP dung cho hda my phlm va dugc vi cac san phlm nay dugc dua true tilp vao ca t h i con ngudi thdng qua he tieu hda hay tilp xuc qua da va cac viJng hd nhu mlt, mui [7].
CNM
KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE MO2. Thanh phan vat chat bpt khoang sericit San Binh sau tuyin ca hgc
Mau quang sericit nguyen khai dugc lly tai md sericit San Binh, Ha TTnh. Kit qua nghien cuu thanh phln vat chit quang diu va eae thi nghiem tuyin khoang duge thuc hien tai Phdng thi nghiem nghien CLPU Vat lieu khoang thude Vien Khoa hpc Vat lieu (IMS), Vien Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe Viet Nam (VAST), va Phdng thi nghiem hda thude Vien eae Khoa hpc v l Bang 2. Ket qua phan tich thanh phin hda hoc bdt
Trai dit (IMG), Tm-dng Dai hpc Ting hgp Freiburg, CHLB DLPC. Cdng nghe tuyin gim 2 cdng doan: Cdng doan 1 bao gim cac khau: nghiln chpn lpc d l giai phdng khoang sericit ra khdi cae lien kit quang; phan d p thuy luc d l tach sericit ed hat mjn; phln khoang sericit cd hat nhd dugc tuyin nii chpn rieng d l loai bo cae khoang tap va thach anh. Sau cdng doan nay, bpt khoang sericit dat tieu chuln chit lugng nguyen lieu cho san xult san, vat lieu polyme... (Bang 2) [3].
sericit sau edng doan tuyen ca hoc
Thanh phln hda hpc Ham lugng, %
Thanh phan hda hpc Ham lugng, %
Si02
48.99 NazO 1.14
AI2O3 35.97
TiOz 0.38
Fe203 0.18
Sb 13.1*
FeO 0.15 As 38.3*
MgO 0.07
Pb 50.3*
K2O
8.34 Cd
<2*
Ghi chu: * - Tinh theo ppm (dan viphan trieu) s l lieu trong Bang 2 cho thIy, bdt sericit sau tuyin ca hpc cdn chua eae nguyen t l kim loai dpc hai Pb, Cd, va As vdi ham lugng kha cao so vdi tieu chuln nguyen lieu eho edng nghiep duge phlm va hda my phlm (sericit San Binh ed ham lugng Hg rIt thip), do vay d n phai xu ly tilp d l loai bd cac thanh phln nay.
Dk loai iDd cae tap chit gay mau la cac khoang chua sit va eae tap chit kim loai dpc hai Pb, As va Cd da tiin hanh xu ly blng phuang phap hda tuyin.
Sample S2
•IrrwgefllK Setioi1e20002.lir (magnification;
I.OOOx)
• all of analyzed points siiQw saicte except point F
• F: peaRs of P, Fa, As. Pb
H. 1. Anh phan tich miu sehcit vung Ha Tinh tren TEM.
Hinh H.1 trinh bay mdt trong nhung anh phan tieh mlu bpt sericit tren kinh hiln vi dien tu truyin qua (TEM) CO kit nii xu ly du lieu tren he do tan xa (EDX). Kit qua phan tieh cho thIy, cac kim loai dpc hai khdng nIm trong d u true cua sericit Tai dilm phan tich F da phat hien p h i eua cac nguyen t l : P, As, Pb va Fe. Viee xac djnh khoang vat dua tren thanh phln cae nguyen t l . TLP kit qua phan tieh cho thIy cae nguyen t l nay nIm trong cac khoang rieng
re nhu apatit, khoang chua s i t va mdt s l khoang khac ma thanh phln cua chung khdng rd rang d l xae djnh ehinh xae ten khoang vat- cd t h i la dang dung djch rIn. do vay ed t h i loai bd chung ra khoi bpt khoang.
Ngoai ra, k i t qua phan tieh cung cho thIy eac khoang chua kim loai nang cd kich thude rIt mjn (mpt vai mieromet), do dd d l tach duge eac kim loai nang nay ra khdi sericit thi phuang phap thich hgp nhit la xu ly hda tach chung blng cac loai hda chit thich hgp nhu axit hay baza. Vdi nh&ng hda chit nay, sericit khdng bj hda tan trong do dae tinh cua khoang vat trong nhdm alumino silicat.
3. Thiit bj va trinh ty thi nghiem
Cac phan ung cua Pb, As va Cd vdi axit va baza dien ra theo eae phuang trinh sau [1,2]:
3Pb+8H^+8N03"^3Pb^^+6N03"+2NO+4H20 (1) As203+6Na*+60H"^2Na3As03+3H20 (2) As205+6Na*+60H"^2Na3As04+3H20 (3)
Cd+2H^+S04^"^CdS04+H20 (4) Pb02+20H"+2H20-^Pb(OH)6^ (5)
Sa dd nguyen ly hda tach cae nguyen t l kim loai nang ra khdi bpt khoang sericit dugc trinh bay trong H.2 va he thing thiit bj dugc gidi thieu trong H.3. Theo sa d l cdng nghe va he thing thiit bi, quang tinh sericit sau tuyin ca hpc duge clp vao binh piian ung (3) theo ti le da djnh vdi dung djch hda tach trong binh.
Qua trinh hda tach dugc ho trg bdi eae thiit bj gia nhiet (1), I n djnh nhiet (2) va may khuly (4). Khi qua trinh hda tach kit thuc, bun khoang dugc Ipc tach hda chit, n>a trung hda hda chit rii sly thu hii san phlm bpt sericit da loai bd cac nguyen t l kim loai dpc hai.
Dung djch khau Ipc hda chit ed t h i dugc quay vdng, ol sung them hda chit d l su dung lai d khau hda tach.'
Bot sericit Sau tuyen co hoc
—-i
A>ot hoac bazcr Hda tachLoc hoa chat
Hoa chat ioang Rua san pham
Say kho
Bot sericit sach NLPOC thai H.2. Sa dd nguyen ly tuyin tach Pb,
As va Cd ra khdi bdt khoang sericit
H.3. He thdng thiet bj cho thi nghiem hda tach Pb, Asva Cd
Hda chit su dung eho qua trinh thi nghiem la axit sulphuric, axit nitric va NaOH khd do CHLB Due va Trung Quic san xult. San phlm bdt sericit sau thi nghiem duge phan tieh hda xac djnh ham lugng cac nguyen t l kim loai nang blng phuang phap quang phi hip phu nguyen tu (AAS) va phuang phap cam Cpng Plasma (ICP) tai Vien Mdi truang-VAST, Trung tam Phan tich Thi nghiem Dja chlt-Bp Tai Nguyen va Mdi trudng va IMG. Hieu qua eua qua trinh tuyin tach dugc xae djnh theo ti le kim loai nang bj hda tach ra khdi bpt khoang sericit theo edng thCpc sau:
E=100-[(Yxp)/a]. (6) Trong dd: e - TI le kim loai nang bj hda tach ra khdi bpt
khoang sericit (%); y - TI le thu hoach bpt sericit sau khi hda tach (%); P - Ham lugng kim loai nang edn lai trong bpt khoang sericit (ppm); a - Ham iugng kim loai
nang cd trong bdt sericit tapde thi nghiem hda tach (ppm).
4. Kit qua nghien CI^U va thao luan
Cac y l u t l chinh anh hudng tdi qua trinh hda tach Pb, As va Cd gim: mdi trudng hda tach (axit hay baza); thdi gian hda tach; ty le pha rIn trong dung djch phan ung; nhiet dp phan ung; va anh tie dp khuly. Kit qua cac thi nghiem khao sat anh hudng cua eae y l u t l tac dpng d i n qua trinh hda tach duge trinh bay tren eae Hinh 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, ya 9. D l thj Hinh 4 va 5 cho thIy, Pb va Cd hda tan t i t trong dung djch hon hgp axit vdi tl le H2SO4/HNO3 = 7/3 din 0/19. Tuy nhien, dung djch NaOH 10 % la thich hgp nhit cho viec hda tach vdi ehi ed 0.83 ppm Pb, 2.94 ppm As va 0.26 ppm Cd cdn lai trong san phlm sericit. D l thj Hinh 6, 7, 8 va 9 cung chi ra ring, thdi gian hda tach 120 phut, tl le rin/ldng 30 %, nhiet dp phan ung 40- 60° C va t i c dp may khuly 400 vdng/phut la cac dilu kien tdi uu eho phan Cpng hda tach Pb, As va Cd ra khdi bdt khoang sericit c h i biln tCp quang sericit San Binh, Ha TTnh.
100 -]
9 8
96 • 94
" 9 2 - 90 - 88 - 8 6 84 -
•
10/0
^•'^~ • ^
• • - - . ^
•
7/3 5/5 3/7 HjSO^/HNOg.y.
' >• Pb
n As
/
0/10
H.4. Anh hwdng eua ti le H2SO4/HNO3 den hieu suit hda tach Pb, As va Cd
100
0S 96
90
Sii
•
10 20 Nong (Jo NaOH, %
^ Pb
~~—» A s
^ ^ Cd
30
H.5. Mdi quan he giCea ndng do NaOH va hieu suit hda tach Pb, As va Cd
CNM
100 98 96 ^
# 9 4
03
92 90 88 86
KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE MO
60 90 120
Thdi gian, phut
150 H.6. Mdi quan he giwa thdi gian phan wng
va hieu suit hda tach Pb, As va Cd
88 +
10 20 30
H.7. Mdi quan he giira ti le ran/ldng va hieu suit hda tach Pb, AsvaC
Thi nghiem nghien CLPU hda tach Pb, As va Cd trong bpt khoang sericit da tiin hanh khao sat cac y l u t l anh hudng din qua trinh tuyin tach d l lua chpn eac thdng s l t i i uu can cu tren ea phuang dien ky thuat va kinh t l . Do dd, trong mpt s l trudng hgp cac gia tri khao sat ma tai dd tl le eae kim loai ddc hai bj tach ra dat mCpc cao nhit khdng dugc lua chpn la do tai gia tri nay qua trinh hda tach khdng dat hieu qua cao khi xet din y l u t l kinh t l .
5. K i t luan
Qua trinh nghien CLPU hda tach kim loai nang trong bpt khoang sericit nhlm nang cao chit lugng dap LPng tieu chuln nguyen lieu cho hda my phlm da dat duge k i t qua kha quan vdi cac k i t luan sau:
• Tinh quang sericit sau tuyin ca hpc edn chu'a cac kim loai dpc hai nhu: Pb, As va Cd vdi ham lugng cao han tieu chuln cho phep d i i vdi nguyen lieu eho san xult cae san phlm hda my phlm.
• Cae nghien CLPU thanh phln va c l u true khoang da xac djnh khoang vat chCra eae kim loai nang ed kich thude hat rIt mjn va rieng re trong bdt
100 98
^ (y.
96
^ 4 92 90
88 - — I —
20 40
Nhiet do, do G 60
m- H.8. Mdi quan he giwa nhiet do phan wng va hieu suit hda tach Pb, As va Cd
1 0 0 -1 9 9 - 9 8 - 9 7 -
° « 9 6 95 • 94 - 9 3 9 2 • 91 -
•—
, —*
— • » _ — — •
•
•
200 400 600 Toe d6 khuSy (v/phdt)
— • Pb
, . - • As
— • Cd
H.9. Mdi quan he giO-a tdc do khuay va hieu suit hda tach Pb, As va Cd.
sericit, ed t h i hda tach ra khdi san phlm sericit.
• Cac dilu kien va e h i dp edng nghe thich hgp eho thIy hda tach cae nguyen t l Pb, As va Cd la mdi trudng NaOH 10 %, tl le rin/ldng 30 %; nhiet dp phan Cpng 40-60 °C; thdi gian phan Cpng 120 phut; t i e dp khuly 400 vdng/phut. Thi nghiem thuc hien tai cae dilu kien nay da tach dugc hlu hit cac thanh phln kim loai nang Pb, As va Cd ra khoi bdt sericit. San phlm sericit sau hda tach chi chCra 0.34 ppm Pb; 1.8 ppm As va 0.16 ppm Cd, dap Cpng duge tieu chuln nguyen lieu cho san xult hda my phlm (Pb < 10 ppm; As < 3 ppm).[!]
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Amit A.(2005). Text Book Of Inorganic Chemistry. Discovery Publishing House, pp. 450- 452. ISBN 818356013X.
2. Egon W., Nils W., Arnold F. H.(2001).
Inorganic chemistry. Academic Press, p. 920. ISBN 0123526515.
3. Nguyin Van Hanh va nnk (2009) T i n g hgp (Xem tiep trang 41)
thanh san lugng, van hanh md theo qui trinh dam bao an toan va hieu qua. Tuy nhien trong hoat dpng khai thae da xay dung d Tinh Binh Duang trong nhung nam gin day eho thIy cdn mpt s l han chi ca ban sau day:
• Mpt s l t l chuc hoat dpng khai thac van chua thue su khai thae theo thiit k l da dugc phe duyet, nhiiu thdng s l ca ban eua HTKT chua dam bao theo qui djnh v l ky thuat an toan trong khai thac md lp thien,
• Cdng tac an toan va ve sinh lao dpng chua dugc quan tam thue hien,
• Cae thiit bj khai thac-van tai qua cu lam giam hieu qua khai thae, lam suy giam mdi trudng sinh thai kiiu vuc.
4. K i t luan va k i l n nghj
• Hoat dpng khai thae da xay dung tren dja ban Binh Duang trong nhung nam g i n day da gdp phln quan trpng vao su phat triln kinh t l - xa hpi nhu: tang thu nhap eua Tinh, dam bap ddi song va thu nhap I n djnh cho nhij'ng ngudi thg mo trong vung, gdp phln xay dung va phat triln
ca sd ha tang (dudng, dien, trudng hpc, y tl...) d tinh Binh Duang.
• D l khai thac da xay dung d Binh Duang phat triln b i n vOng (khai thac ed hieu qua, an toan va bao ve mdi trudng) thi d n phai tang cudng edng tac quan ly, giam sat chat che han nua hoat dpng khai thae, d i u tu b l sung, d i i mdi phuang tien va thiit bj khai thae dam bao tang nang suit va giam thilu tac dpng tdi mdi t r u d n g . •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Cae bao cao Du an d i u tu, Thiit k l ea sd va Bao cao DTM cua eae md da xay dung tren dja ban tinh Binh Duang, 2009.
SUMMARY
This paper presents the natural I characteristics, technical problems and I orientation of the quarrying activities in I building materials in Binh DiPong province."
NGHIEN GUU LAM SAGH.
(Tiep theo trang 50)
s l lieu va cae kit qua nghien cuu thanh phln- vat chit mau, phan tich, danh gia d l djnh hudng cae khau nghien cuu thi nghiem edng nghe tuyin va xu ly quang. Bao cao ehuyen d l 3, D l tai "Nghien CLPU
cong nghe c h i biln khoang san sericit va ung dung trong ITnh vuc san, polymer va hda my phlm". KC.02.24/06-10.
4. Dao Duy Anh, Nguyin Van Hanh va Nguyen Van Trpng (2010) Nghien CLPU hda tuyin lam sach mpt s l thanh phln kim loai nang nhu As, Pb, Hg trong bpt khoang sericit. Bao cao chuyen d l 12, D l tai "Nghien cuu edng nghe e h i biln khoang san sericit va ung dung trong ITnh vuc son, polymer va hda my phlm". KC.02.24/06-10.
5. Zhang M., Wang L., Hirai S., Redfern S.A.T., Salje E.K.H.(2005). Oehydroxylation and CO2 incorporation in annealed mica (sericite): An infrared spectroscopic. American Mineralogist: 90:
173-180.
6. http://ww/w.mineral-makeup-review/s.com 7. (http://wwv\/.lennteeh.eom).
8. (http://en.v\/ikipedia.org/wiki).
Ngwdfi bien tap: Tran Van Trach
SUMMARY
i - Sericite product obtaiiied from mechanical route processing of San Binh mine contains:
As, Pb and Cd higher than required standarcl \
^ P b $ 10 ppm; As ^ 3 ppm, Cd s 1 ppm) for:
j material used in cosmetic manufacture. The
| n e w data obtained by processing said sericite I product at Institute of Materials Science;
! indicate that As, Pb and Cd were absolutely removed from sericite powder. The final;
i sericite product contains only 0,34 ppm Pb;;
•1,8 ppm As va 0,16 ppm Cd, meeting the ^ qualities for cosmetic materials.
1. Khong lam viec thien thi dao du'c chi la tieng suong. Newton.
2. Cho den luc lia ddi mdi biet dL/Oc ai la ngu'di hanh phuc. Aeschylus.
3. Long dung cam cung nhu" tinh yeu, phai du'dc nuoi duQng bang niem hy vong.
Napoleon.
VTH. siru tam
\
