NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI
)HAP IUAT v ! HOAT D O N G D O vy VI|C LAM 6 Vnfr NAM
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oat ddng dieh vu viee ldm la m^t trong nhGng boat ddng nhdm ho Gp gidi juyet viec Idm cho ngudi lao ddng. Thdng jua boat ddng eua dich vu ndy ma ngudi lao idng vd ngudi su dung lao ddng gdp nhau, ll ddng ddp Gng dugc nhu cau cd lirdi bGc hilt eua nhau trong quan he cung - cau lao long. Vi le dd, boat ddng dich vy vice ldm ra Idi nhu su tdt ylu, khach quan cua thi trudng lao dpng trong n6n kinh te thi trudng.d Viet Nam, boat dpng dieh vu viSc ldm ra ddi tu phat tu cudi nhGng nam 80 eua thl lei trude tai Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh. Sau dd, do nhung uu dilm ve hieu qua trong mdi gidi viee lam cho ngudi lao ddng va cae don vi sG dung lao ddng nhdt la cdc doanh nghi8p, nen hoat dpng ndy da phdt trien ra nhilu tinh, thdnh phd khac. Din nam 1994, hoat ddng ndy 3a dupe luat hod trong Bd ludt lao dpng.''*
Mac du cdn non tre nhung phdp luat v6 hoat ddng dich vu viec lam da gdp phan rdt ldn trong vi8c gidi quyet viec ldm, tim kiem viec lam cho ngudi lao dgng, ddp Gng nhanh chdng, hieu qua nhu cau lao ddng cua cae doanh nghiep, tG dd giup nen kinh tl-xd hgi dn dinh vd phat triln. Song thyc te hi6n nay, trong bdi cdnh hgi nhdp qudc te, vdi sy phdt triln vd biin ddi khdng ngGng cua thi trudng lao ddng, nhilu quy dinh ciia phdp ludt ve hoat dpng dich vu viec ldm da khdng cdn phG hpp. Dilu do dnh hudng khdng nhd den myc dich giai quylt viec lam cho ngudi lao ddng eung nhu sy phdt 'triSn cua thi trudng lao dgng Vi6t Nam.
ThS. D6 TH! DUNG * TG vi$c Idm ro thyc trang phdp ludt vd thyc lien thuc hi?n, bdi vilt dua ra mdt sd kien nghi hodn thien cdc bat c^p cua phdp iu|it vd ndng eao hi§u qud thyc hien phdp lugt vl boat dpng dich vu viec lam d nude ta hien nay.
1. Khai ni^m hoat d$og dich vu vi^c ldm Theo quy dinh cua phdp luat lao dpng, cd thl hiiu boat ddng dieh vu vi8c Idm Id edng viec phye vu true tilp cho nhu cdu tim viec ldm cua ngudi lao ddng vd nhu cau tuyin lao dpng eua dan vi sG dung lao dpng, ed td chGc vd dugc tra cong.
Nhu vay, ndi dung eau thanh hoat ddng dich vy viee lam bao gdm: 1) ChG the thyc hien (cd td chuc); 2) Cac cdng viee phuc vy tryc tilp (tu vdn, eung Gng, mdi gidi, gidi thieu) eho nhu cdu tim viec ldm cua ngudi lao ddng va nhu cdu tuyen lao ddng cua ngudi su dung lao dgng; 3) Tien cdng tra cho edc boat dgng tren (phi dieh vu).
Xudt phdt iG nhiem vu dal ra trong tGng thdi ki md phdp luat quy dinh khac nhau vl boat dgng dich vu viee lam. Trong thdi ki dau, khi mdi dupe thGa nhan, boat dpng ndy do don vi sy nghiep eua nhd nude (cdn gpi la dich vu cdng) thyc hien vdi myc dich chu ylu Id phyc vu cho cac dy an eua chuong trinh vi§c ldm qudc gia. Vdi cdc t^n gpi
"trung ldm day nghi vd dich vu vi$c Idm"*^' hode "trung tdm xue tien viec lam",'' tnmg tdm ndy chu ylu hoat ddng tr^n ITnh vyc xa
* Giang vi6n chinh Khoa phap lu§t kinh t l Tm£mg Dai hgc LuSt H^ NOi
TAP CHi LUA*7;.MG)
NGHIEN Ciru - TRAO OOI
hpi. Tuy nhien, dl giam gdnh n$ng eho ngan sdch nhd nude, cdc trung tam hogt d0ng theo CO chi cd thu nhdm ddm bdo quyen ty chG trong tdi chinh eung nhu cdc hoat dgng dich vy nhdm ddp ung nhu edu ngdy edng phong phu, da dgng ciia xd h^i.
Vdi myc dich tgo nhGng dilu ki^n can thiet ve eo che va mdi trudng phdp li cho cde trung tam ndy phdt triln, hogt ddng 6n dinh vd phdt huy vai trd Idm edu n6i trong thi trudng lao dpng, Dilu 18 Bp luat lao d^ng ndm 1994 dd khdng dinh: "T6 chirc djch v(/
viC'c ldm dugc thdnh lap theo quy dinh cua phdp ludt CO nhiem vu lu vdn, gidi ihi?u vd giiip luyin lao dong, ihu thdp vd cung irng thdng Un vi thj trudng lao dgng". Tuy cu the hon cdc ndi dung cua hoat ddng dieh vy nhung trung tam dieh vy viec Idm vdn ehi la don vi sy nghiep ed thu va ihugc Imh vue lao dpng-xa hgi, do Nhd nude hode dodn the, hgi qudn chung thanh lap.'*'' Ndm 2002, Bg ludt lao ddng dugc sGa ddi, bd sung, theo dd, ngodi td chuc dich vu cdng edn ed sy tham gia cua doanh nghi?p hogt dpng gidi thi^u viec ldm (edn gpi Id dieh vy tu).
Du Gdi qua nhilu ten gpi khac nhau, do cdc thiet che dich vu khac nliau thyc hi^n, vdi chGc ndng, nhiem vy khac nhau d moi thdi ki nhung diem chung va xuyen suot Gong nhi?m vy cua cdc td chuc ndy Id diu chu ylu Ihyc hi?n hogt dpng djch vy vi?c Idm.
Tren thl gidi, hogt dpng dich vy vi?c Idm ra ddi iG rdt sdm. My Id nude thilt Igp hogt ddng nay sdm nhdt, tG ndm 1834. Din ndm 1948, khi Td chGc lao dpng qudc tl (ILO) thdng qua Cdng ude so 88 vd khuyin nghj sd 83 ve Id chGc dich vu viec ldm, cdc nude tren thl gidi diu ed quy dinh vl hoat dgng dich vu viee ldm trong h$ th6ng phdp luat
nude minh. Vi du: Phdp quy dinh trong Ng dinh s6 80-92 ndm 1980,'^' Ba Lan quy dir trong Dilu 11 Luat vi?e ldm va that nghii ndm 1991, Philippines quy dinh tgi cdc Dii 14, 15, 35, 38, 39 Bp ludt lao dgng ndi 1974, Indonesia quy dinh tgi Di6u 36, 3 Luat nhdn lye ndm 2003, Trung Qu6c/qii dinh tai cdc dilu 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 41,4 Lugt xuc lien vi|c ldm ndm 2007'*^..
TG cdc quy dinh cua ILO vd cac nude tre the gidi, cd the thay rdng, hogt dgng dich v vi?e ldm la hogt dgng can thiet, cd hi?u qu cao trong gidi quyet viec lam cho ngudi lai dpng cung nhu giai quyet nhu cau lao dw\
cho ede don vi sG dyng lao dpng, phu hpp vd sy phdt trien ciia thj irudng lao dgng.
2. Quy dinh ctia phap luat hifn haul ve ho^t dpng djch vu vifc lam va th^x tiei thyrc hi^n d Vif t Nam
Hogt dgng dich vu viec lam dupe qu]
dinh tgi Dilu 18 Bg luat lao ddng ndm 199^
(sGa ddi, bd sung cdc ndm 2002,2006,2007) vl cac nghi dinh: Nghi dinh eua Chinh phu sc I9/2005/ND-CP ngay 28/02/2005 quy dint dieu ki?n, thu lye thdnh lap vd boat dgng ciia Id chGc gidi thi?u vi?c Idm;''* Nghi dinh m Chinh phu sd 71/2008/ND-CP ngdy 05/06/200!
sua ddi, bd sung mpt sd dieu cua Nghj dinli sd 19/2005/ND-CP.'** TG cdc quy dinh nay, ed thl th^y phdp lugt lao dpng dd quy dinl khd tpdn di?n vd cy the vl hoat dpng dichvii vi^c ldm d Vi?t Nam. Trong dd, bao gdm cac npi dyng ehu ylu sau ddy:
2.1. Td chuc hogt dong djch vii viec lam Td chGc thyc hien hoat dgng dich W vi?c idm dupe thdnh Idp theo quy dinh ciia phdp ludt. Theo quy dinh hi?n hdnh, td chrR thyc hien hoat ddng dich vu vi|c Idm bao g6m trung ldm gidi thieu vi?c Idm va doanli
JA&CUyMLHpC SO 5/2012
NGHIEN cuu-TRAO DOI ghi?p hogt ddng gidi lhi§u viee lam.
Trung tam gidi thiSu viee lam (sau day pi chung Id trung ldm) !d don vi sy nghi?p d thu, ty bao dam mdl phdn chi phi hogt dng thudng xuyen theo quy dinh hien hdnh;
i Id chuc thupc lmh vyc hoat ddng xd hgi, o eo quan nha nude, Id chGc chinh tri-xd idi quyet dinh thdnh lap, ed lu cdch phap ihan, cd con ddu, dupe md tdi khodn tai igan hang, kho bgc nha nude.
Doanh nghiep hogt ddng gidi thieu viee am (sau day gpi ehung la doanh nghi$p) la ioanh nghiSp dupe thdnh lap va hogt ddng heo quy dinh cua Ludt doanh nghiep nam :005 va cac van bdn phap luat lien quan.
Nhu vdy, ddy Id ldn ddu tien phap lugt hua nhgn, ngoai eo quan nhd nude, cdc Ioanh nghiep cung dugc tham gia hogt dpng lich vu viec lam. Quy dinh nhu vdy la phu ipp vdi nhu cdu phat trien eua thi trudng lao long, tao CO hpi eho ngudi lao ddng va ngudi G dung lao ddng lya chpn dich vu tdt nhat heo nhu cdu eua minh, cung nhu khuyen Jiieh cac doanh nghiep tham gia giai quyet :hinh sach qudc gia ve viec lam va giai quylt 'iec lam - chinh sdch md bdt ki qude gia ndo ren thl gidi eung phai ehu trpng, quan lam.
Tuy nhien, do myc dich dgt ra ddi vdi
;ac td chGc ndy Id khde nhau (trung tam ludng din muc dich xa hdi, doanh nghiep ludng din Ipi ieh kinh te, Ipi nhuan) nen de )ao dam thyc hien dung chuc nang, nhiem 'u ddt ra, phdp lugt quy dinh cdc dieu kidn, hu tye thdnh lap vd boat dpng cua trung lam 'd doanh nghi€p khde nhau.
Trung ldm dupe thdnh lap khi cd du ede lilu kien: ed dia di6m vd try sd ldm viec, cd rang thilt bi vd cdc phuong ti?n phu hpp vdi Gng nhiem vu, cd dpi ngu can bg bdo dam ve
sd lupng, chat lugng vd trung tam dupe thdnh Igp phai phu hgp vdi quy hoach ve trung ldm gidi thi^u viec lam Gen dia bdn cua dia phuang da dupe phe duyet. Thu tuc thanh Igp tnmg ldm gdm cdc budc: lap hd so thdnh lap, tilp nhdn, tham dinh hd so, chap thudn thdnh lap vd ra quyet dinh thanh Igp cua cdp cd tham quyen. Trong qua trinh hogt ddng, trung tdm thyc hien day du cac nhiem vy, quyen han vd trach nhiem theo quy dinh cua phap ludt. Tinh din nay, cd nude cd 148 Gung tam dang hogt dpng. Trong dd cd 71 trung tam do chu lich uy ban nhan dan cap tinh thanh lap, 77 tnmg tam do edc bd, ngdnh trung uong, td chGc chinh tri-xa hpi thanh Igp.'^'
Ddi vdi doanh nghiep, phai cd giay phep boat dgng gidi thieu viec lam cua sd lao dpng, thuong binh va xa hpi. Cae dieu kien de dupe cap giay phep bao gdm: ed dia diem, try sd dn dinh; cd phdng su dung cho eac boat ddng dich vu day du trang thiet bi;
cd it nhdt 300 trieu ddng Viet Nam ki quy tgi ngan hang de gidi quyet cdc nii ro vd cdc khodn phai din bu cd the xay ra trong qua Ginh hogt dpng; ed dpi ngu can bd phu hop ve sd lupng va chat lugng. Trong qua trinh boat dpng, doanh nghiep phdi thyc hien day du cac nhiem vy, quyen hgn va trdch nhiem theo quy dinh cua phdp luat.
Tuy cung hudng tdi myc dieh gidi quyet viee ldm cho ngudi lao ddng, tuyen lao ddng theo yeu cdu cua ngudi su dung lao ddng, song doanh nghiep tu nhan mudn hdnh nghe dich vy viec lam can phdi thyc hien cdc dieu kien khat khe ban ca quan, td chuc. Quy dinh nhu vay khdng chi bdo dam quyen lu do kinh doanh vd cdc quyen khac cua doanh nghi|p ma cdn nhdm tdng cudng trdch nhiem cua doanh nghiep trong viee bao dam loi ich
AP CHl LUAT-HO0»84&^
NGHIEN CUU-TRAO DOI
cGa ngudi lao d^ng, Ipi fch cua nhd nude vd cdc l6 chuc khde. Theo bdo cdo cua dai di?n Bp lao d^ng, Ihuang binh vd xd hOi thi sau khi Bd lugt lao dOng sua d6i, b6 sung ndm 2002 cd hi^u lyc, din ndm 2005, cd nude cd khodng 4.000 doanh nghidp cd hogt d^ng dich vy vi^c Idm nhung sau khi Nghi dinh s6 19/2005/ND-CP ra ddi, s6 lupng Idn edc doanh nghi$p dd phdi chAm dGl hogt ddng vl khdng du dilu ki^n. Hi$n nay ch! cdn khoang 60 - 70 doanh nghidp dupe c^p gidy ph^p hogt dpng dich vu vi$c Idm.'"^'
2.2. Ndi dung hogt d^ng dieh vy vi^c ldm DG khde nhau ve dilu ki?n, thu luc thdnh Igp, CO cdu Id chGc, tinh chat song trung tdm va doanh nghiep deu gidng nhau vl cdc npi dtmg hogt ddng dich vu viec ldm. Npi dung ndy bao gdm cde hogt ddng:
- Tu vdn vi?c lam: Tu van viec ldm dupe hieu Id viec Gimg tam hode doanh nghi?p dua ra y kien ve viee Idm, tim viee lam theo hudng ed Ipi nhat cho ben dupe tu vdn Gen CO sd quy dinh cua phdp ludt. N^i dung tu van phu thupc vdo yeu cau cGa b6n dupe tu van, bao gdm cdc vdn de: vi?c lam, hgc nghi, cac chinh sdch cd lien quan den quan h? lao dgng. Muc dich cua hogt d$ng ndy Id giGp ngudi lao dpng lya chpn dupe vi?c Idm phd hpp vdi khd ndng, trinh dp, hoan cdnh, dilu kien cua minh md van dupe bdo ddm t6t nhat cdc quyIn Igi theo quy djnh cua phdp lugl vd dieu kien thyc te cua dan vj sG dyng lao dgng. Theo kit qua tdng hpp tu Cye viee ldm Bd lao d^ng, thuong binh vd xd h$i, tfnh din hit nam 2007, edc trung tam vd doanh nghidp da tu vdn cho han 1,7 tri$u lupt ngudi lao ddng va sG dung lao dgng.''''
Theo quy dinh hiSn hdnh, hogt dOng tu vin viec Idm chi dp dung d6i vdi ngudi lao
dgng. Myc dfch chG yeu nhdm h5 trp g quylt vi^c Idm cho ngudi lao d^ng. So bSn cgnh nhu c^u cGa ngudi lao d0ng, th le nhu chi dupe tu van vl van dk tuyln'ch vd sG dyng lao d$ng ddp Gng nhu cdu nh lyc cua dan vi sG dyng lao d0ng cOng rll c thill. Vi the, phdp lugl cdn md rpngid tupng dugc tu vdn.
- Gidi thi^u vi?c Idm cho ngudi lao d$i]
Hoat dpng ndy dupe hiiu Id ngudi lao d^i dang cin tim viec Idm, don vj sG dyng li dOng dang cd nhu cau tuyen lao dpng. Cd b bgn diu dang can tim den nhau de ddp iii nhu cJiu cua minh. Vdi tu cdch Id chO tt trung gian, t6 chGc hode tnmg tdm gidi thif ngudi lao dgng cho ngudi sG dung lao d^i nhdm giup ngudi lao d^ng tim dupe vi^ )k vd ngudi su dyng tuyen dugc lao ddng 4^
Idm vi^c trong dan vi. De thyc hi$n hogt don nay, ben trung gian nhat thiet phai nam duo cdc thdng Gn can thiet, chinh xdc cua ca hi ben d^ng thdi phai cd kl ndng cung cap thon tin dl cde ben tim den vd xdc lap quan h^ la d$ng. COng theo Bg lao dpng, thuong binh v xa hpi, den nay cac trung tam va doanh nghie dd gidi thi$u dupe viec ldm cho khoang 1, Gi?u ngudi lao d0ng dugc tuyIn dyng. HiS qud dgt tG 7% nfim 2002 ISn 13% nam 200 vdtdng ISn 14% ndm 2010.
Nhdm ndng cao ban nthi ndng lychtii d^ng cho cdc trung tam vd doanh nghiE trong hogt dgng dich vy vi?c ldm, B6 IB dpng, thuong binh va xd hdi dd ban hao Cdng vdn sd 4342/BLDTBXH-LDVL hit 4/12/2006 vl td chuc triln khai "Sdn ^^
dich viee ldm" tai cac dia phuang. DID na) cd nude cd 44 sdn giao dich' vi$c lam to hogt ddng, tin sudt hoat dpng cGa cdc S*
giao dich ngdy cdng tang. Chi tinh 6 Ha Nfi
j ^ g ^ i ^ U ^ H p c SI
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI
jrnanl'2007 den thang 6/2010, cac trung tdm la td chuc dupe 56 phien giao dich vdi 4.868 Ion vi doanh nghiep tham gia, lugng ngudi ao ddng tham gia Ien tdi 150.000 ngudi vd rung binh giai quyet dugc viec Idm cho 1.874 igudi lao ddng/phien giao dich.''^' Tuy nhien, lo nhieu nguyen nhan khac nhau ma ket qud Logt dpng gidi thi^u viec ldm tG cde sdn giao hch khdng dgt dupe hieu qud nhu ke hoach lat ra. Trong dd, phai ke den nguyen nhan
;hu yeu la sy quy dinh chua cu th§ vl td chuc 'd hoat dgng eua san giao dieh viec ldm. Vi he, de sdn giao dich viee ldm phdt triSn IGng hudng vd dgt dugc hi6u qud, cdn thiet )hai cd quy dinh cu the cGa phap luat.
- Cung Gng vd tuyen lao ddng theo yeu
;au cua ngudi su dung lao ddng: O boat long ndy, trung lam hoac doanh nghiep da lupc ngudi sG dung lao ddng "'dgt trude" sd uong lao dpng can tuyen, trong dd dd dua ra :ac dieu kien vB trinh dp, kha nang eua igudi lao ddng... Can cu vdo sd lupng, dieu cien lao ddng dd, trung tam hoac doanh ighiSp tien hanh tryc tiep tuyen lao dpng ibdm cung edp lao dgng theo yeu cdu cua Igudi su dung lao ddng. Hoat dpng nay ed /ai trd quan Gpng trong viec dap Gng nhu
;du nhan lye cho cae doanh nghiep can uyin sd lao dgng ldn Gong thdi gian ngdn.
- Cung Gng thdng tin ve thi trudng lao
!dng: La ddu mdi thu thdp, phan tich cdc hdng tin ve thj trudng lao ddng, Id chGc hodl long dich vu vi6c lam cd nhiem vy cung ung hdng tin ve thi trudng lao ddng khi ngudi lao long vd ngudi sG dung ciing nhu cdc chu the chae ed yeu cau. Cae thdng tin ve thi trudng ao ddng' dupe cung Gng rdt da dgng va Gong )ham vi rdng ldn, bao gdm eac van de d tdm 'T'md vl quan he lao dpng qude te, viec
hogch dinh chinh sdch vi$c ldm cua cac qudc gia, cGa trong nude... den cdc van de d tam vi md nhu: nhu cau can vi?c lam eua ngudi lao d0ng, sd lao dOng that nghiep, nhu eau tuyen lao ddng ciia cdc don vi sG dyng lao dOng, cdc dieu kien, tieu ehuan lao dpng v.v.. Hoat ddng ndy giup ngudi lao dpng, ngudi sG dyng lao dpng cd dupe nliiJng hieu biit ve thi trudng lao ddng tu dd dinh hudng viee ldm, nhdn luc phu hpp vdi dilu kien thyc l8 cua minh. Tinh din nam 2008, cdc trung tam va doanh nghiep da eung ung thdng tin v£ thi tmdng lao ddng cho khodng hon 1,3 Gieu lupt ngudi.
2.3. Phi dich vu viec lam vd chinh sdch khde Phi dich vu viec lam la khodn thu eua td chuc thyc hien dich vu viec lam, do ngudi lao ddng hoae ngudi sG dung lao ddng phai nop khi cd y6u cau tu cac hogt ddng tu van, gidi thieu vi6c ldm, cung Gng lao ddng va tuyen lao ddng.
Theo quy dinh tai Thdng tu lien tieh cua Bg tai chinh va Bp lao ddng, thuong binh va xd hpi sd 95/2007/TTLT-BTC-BLDTBXH ngdy 7/8/2007 hudng ddn ve phi gidi thieu vi6c lam thl phi gidi thieu viec lam dp dung ddi vdi 3 hogt dgng: tu van, gidi thieu viec lam, cung Gng lao ddng vd tuyen lao dpng theo yeu cau cua ngudi sG dyng lao ddng.
Ddi tuong ndp phi la ngudi lao dOng hoac ngudi su dyng lao dpng cd nhu cau ddi vdi edc hogt dpng tren. Td chGc dupe thu phi dich vy viee ldm bao gdm cac td chGc gidi thiSu vi6c ldm do phdp ludt quy dinh, bao gdm: trung tam gidi thieu viec lam va doanh nghiep hogt ddng gidi thieu viee Idm.
MGc thu phi gidi thidu vi^c Idm dupe quy dinh khae nhau ddi vdi trung tam va doanh nghi$pi Quy dinh ndy phu hpp vdi Cdng ude sd 88 ciia ILO cung nhu phap lugt
"AP CHUaWiStWHO 21
NGHIEN CCru - TRAO OOI
hau hit cdc nude tren thl gidi vd the hi?n sy thdng nhat vdi cdc quy djnh khde trong Bg lugt lao dpng nude ta. C\i thl: Doi vdi cdc cdng viec dich vy cho ngudi lao d^ng thi trung lam gidi thi?ii vi^c ldm khdng dugc thu phi trong khi dd doanh nghidp dugc thu phi. Bdi. trdch nhi^m gidi quyet vi?c Idm cho ngudi lao dpng Id trdch nlii|m ehinh eua bat ki nha nude nao. Ddi vdi cdc cdng vi?c dich vy cho ngudi sG dyng lao dpng, thi cd trung lam vd doanh nghidp deu dupe thu phi. Tuy iGng npi dung cdng vi?c ma phdp luat quy dinh mGc phi dupe thu khac nhau, dya vdo tien luong 1 thdng dau ghi trong hpp dbng lao dgng hoac dya vao muc thu cd djnh.
Ngodi quyen dupe thu phi, theo quy dinh tgi khoan 2 Dilu 18 Bd lugt lao ddng, td chGc thyc hien hogt ddng dich vu viec lam cdn dugc nhd nude xet mien, gidm thul theo quy dinh.
2.4. Qudn li nhd nude ve hogt dgng dich vu viec ldm vd xir li vi phgm
Bd lao ddng, thucmg binh vd xd hdi thyc hien qudn li nhd nude doi vdi cdc td chuc thyc hien hogt ddng dich vy viec ldm, ban hdnh bieu mau ve cdc loai hpp ddng dich vu viee lam, thyc hi?n cdc hogt dpng kilm tra, giam sdt vd xG li ddi vdi cac hanh vi vi phgm phdp luat vl hoat dpng dich vu vi?c lam.
v l xG li hanh chinh, theo quy djnh, cdc trung tdm va doanh nghi?p cd hdnh vi vi phgm phdp lugt vl ITnh vyc ndy ap dyng Dilu 7 Nghi dinh eua Chinh phu so 47/20I0/ND-CP ngdy 06/5/2010 quy dinh sG phat hdnh chinh ve hanh vi vi pham phap luat lao dpng. Theo dd, cac hinh thuc dp dyng chu ylu Id phgt lien vd tudc quyen sG dung giay phdp d6i vdi td chGc gidi thi?u viee ldm cd hanh vi dy do, hua h?n vd qudng cao gian ddi dl lua ggl ngudi lao dpng hode Ipi dung dieh vu vi$c
ldm de thyc hi?n nhGng hanh vi trdi phdpfl theo quy djnh tai Dilu 19 Bg lugt lao dpng. ?
Rieng d6i vdi doanh nghiep, ngoai qu djnh Gen. doanh nghidp edn phdi dp d^ng,^
quy dinh vl xG li vi pham trong Nghj din ciia Chinh phu so 19/2005/ND-CP dupc^sii d6i, b6 sung bdi Nghi dinh cua Chinh phu si 71/2008/ND-CP. Theo dd, doanh nghiep v phgm s5 bi tudc quyIn sG dyng giay ph^p §(
thdi han 3 thang hode vd ihdi hgn.
Quy dinh Gen the hi^n phdp lugt dd di li^u de ngdn ngGa ede hanh vt vi pham colhe xdy ra doi vdi doanh nghiep hoat dgng dich vy viec lam. Vi muc dich Ipi nhugn trenh^
nen doanh nghiep cd the cd nhGng hanh vi
"td hdng" nhOng cho Idm vi|c Gdng dl thu hut ngudi lao dpng ho^c ddi le phi cao va khdng chiu trach nhiem ve vi?e gidi thieu,tu van hode cung Gng lao dpng cua minh. Tuy nhien. Gong thyc tien thyc hien, can thonp nhat Igi cdc hanh vi vi phgm, muc xu phjt cung nhu cac lu ngG trong quy dinh de ap dyng cho chinh xdc.
3. M^t so kien nghi hoan thi^n pNp luat v& nang cao hifu qua hoat dQng djd vy vi|c I^m ff Vi§t Nam
Thu nhdt. cdn thong nhdt ten ggi l6 chile gidi thi^u vi^c lam td td chGc djch vu vi^
ldm (g6m: trung lam dieh vy viee lam vii doanh nghidp hogt dgng djch vu vi^c )M cho phu hpp vdi dy thdo Bd ludt lao dgng sua ddi ndm 2011 dua ra. Du trdi qua nhi^
ten gpi khac nhau, nhdm muc dich khde tM G-ong tGng thdi ki song myc dich chii yen cua td chGc nay Id gidi quylt nhu eduvi^c lam cua ngudi lao dpng, nhu cdu tuyIn 1^?
dOng cua ngudi sG dyng lao ddng. CacJ chGc ndy ,dlu„thyc hien rihi6m vu chii™
vdi tu edch Id- ben trung gian ldm ch^M,
TAPCHlj-UAT.HOCSd
iGa ngudi lao ddng vd ngudi su dung lao 5ng, giup cdc chu the nay xde lap quan he 10 ddng. Trong cdc hogt d^ng dd deu cd Ihu hi. Vi vay, d6 phu hpp vdi phap lugl qudc te iing nhu thuc tiln dp dung d Vi?t Nam ong thdi gian qua, phu hpp vdi eo che thi uong, can thdng nhat'ten gpi cua td chGc lyc hien hoat ddng dich vu viec ldm.
Thd hai, bd sung nhiem vu cho td chuc ich vy viec lam. Ngoai cac nliiem vu quy inh lai Dieu 18 Bd ludt lao ddng hien hdnh, an bd sung them 2 nhiem vu cho id chuc ich vy viee ldm; 1) Cho thue lai lao ddng;
) Xuat khau lao ddng. Bdi vi: Mpl la cac oat ddng cho thue lai lao ddng, mdi gidi uat khau lao ddng deu la eae hogt ddng dieh u lien quan den viec gidi quyet viec lam ho ngudi lao ddng va dap Gng nhu eau lyen lao dpng cua ngudi su dung lao dpng.
(ai Id nham da dang hod ede hoat ddng dich u viec ldm, dap Gng nhu cdu cua quan he 10 ddng trong thi trudng lao dpng. Ba Id hac phyc dupe bat cap nay sinh trong thyc
; ve boat ddng cho thue lai lao dpng d Viet Jam trong thdi gian qua. Bon la bao ddm idng nhat trong viec dp dung cdc quy dinh e. hogt dpng va thu phi tG dieh vy ndy.
Thu ba, bd sung quy dinh ve to chuc va ogt ddng cua san giao dich viec lam. San iao dieh yiec lam la dugc hieu la "chp viec im", dap Gng duoc nhu cau eua ngudi ban uc lao dpng (ngudi lao ddng) vd ngudi mua lie lao dgng (ngudi su dyng lao dpng) theo udng thi trudng. Hon nGa, hogt ddng eua an giao dich viec Idm nham muc dich da ang va haiig cao hi^ii qua hogt ddng'gidi lieu' viec Idm eua tnmg tam vd doanh ghiSp. Vi thl can quy dinh cu thS ve edc an de: quy trinh, thu tuc, cdc" hogt dpng tien
hdnh phien giao dich viec lam; trdch nhiem theo ddi tinh trgng viec lam eua ngudi lao ddng cua trung tam, doanh nghiep td chuc sdn giao dich vi€c ldm...
Thir tie, bd sung ngudi sG dung lao dpng Cling la doi tupng dugc tu van trong hogt dpng dich vu viec Idm. Theo quy dinh tgi Dieu 18 Bp lugt lao dpng vd hudng ddn thue hien tai cdc dieu 7, 17 Nghi dinh cua Chinh phu sd 19/2005/ND-CP, cd Ihl hiiu ddi tupng dupe tu vdn chi la ngudi lao ddng. Vi the, de bao dam cdng bdng trong viee su dung dich vy cung nhu ddp Gng dupe nhu cau thyc te cua ngudi sG dung lao ddng, phap lugt can bd sung tu van ve tuyen lao ddng hoac nhan lyc cho ngudi su dung lao dgng. Quy dinh nhu vay cung se hpp li vd thdng nhat vdi Thdng tu lien tich sd 95/2007/TT-BTC-BLDTBXH vl phi dich vu viSc lam.
Thu nam, bd sung bang muc phi phai nop eho boat ddng cung ung thdng tin ve thi Irudng lao dpng. Theo quy dinh tgi Thdng tu lien tich so 95/2007/TT-BTC-BLDTBXH thi phi dieh vu viec ldm chi dp dung ddi vdi viec tu vdn, gidi thieu, cung ung lao ddng, khdng quy dinh phi eho trudng hgp eung ung thdng tin vl thi trudng lao dpng. Trong khi do, de thyc hien dupe dich vu nay, td chGc dieh vu viec ldm phdi thu thap, phan tich, ddnh gid thdng tin, tdn khdng it cdng sue, thdi gian.
Vi vgy, ciing gidng nhu cae boat ddng dich vu khac, can quy dinh phi eung Gng thdng tin vl thi trudng lao ddng. Muc thu can tinh todn' c6 dinh va dan vi tinh dya vaothdi gian hoac sd trang, tuy vdo hinh ihGc cung cdp thdng tin bang van bdn hay bang Idi ndi.
77;u" sdu, bd sung eac quy dinh' cdm hode nghiem cam cac hdnh vi vi pham phdp ludt vl hogt dpng dich vu viec lam. Hien nay.
NGHIEN cUu-TRAO OOI
ngoai quy dinh tgi Dilu 19 B$ Iu§t lao dpng, phap ludt lao dgng khdng cd quy djnh cy thl hdnh vi ndy trong cdc nghi djnh. Vi thl, de tdng cudng Gdch nhi?m cua t6 chuc dich vu viec ldm cung nhu bdo v^ Igi ieh cua cde ehu the lien quan. Ipi ich chung cua xd hpi dong thdi phu hpp vdi quyIn hien dinh, can b6 sung quy dinh cam ho?ic nghiem cam cdc hdnh vi trong qud trinh hoat dpng cua to chGc nay. Vi d\i: Hdnh vi chGa cd giay ph6p dd trung biin hogt dpng (cua ede doanh nghiep); thu giG gidy td trdi quy dinh ho$c yeu cau ngudi lao dgng, ngudi sG dyng lao ddngki quy, dat cge...
Thu bdy, bd sung chi tdi xG phgt hanh ehinh. Cy the: Mot Id bd sung hdnh vi vi phgm bi xG If hdnh chinh. Phap lu^t hi^n hanh da quy djnh cdc che lai xu phgt hdnh chinh dp dyng ddi vdi to chuc, cd nhan vi phgm phdp ludt ve boat ddng dieh vy vi^e Idm. Tuy nhien, cdn bd sung them mgi sd hdnh vi nhu: Hdnh vi cung cap thdng tin sai sy that (lu van, gidi thieu, cung ung, tuyen lao ddng...); du do ngudi lao dgng dd cd viec lam de chdo mdi viec lam mdi nhdm thu phi dich vy; cung Gng lao ddng Idm cdc cdng viec md phdp luat cam (yi du: luyen iao dpng nu Idm cdng viec ddc bi^t n ^ g tihpc, dpc hgi, nguy hiem bo^c ngam minh dudi nude, tuyen lao dpng chua thanh nien Idm vi$e vao ban dem..,). Hai la bd quy djnh tudc quyen sG dung gi4y ph^p hogt dgng gidi thi§u vi?c Idm trong thdi hgn 3 thdng ddi vdi hdnh vi quy dinh tgi doan 2 diem a (doanh nghi$p vi pham hdnh vi khdng dG cdc dilu ki^n cap gidy phep) vd diem g (doanh nghidp c h ^ dut hoat dpng) khoan 1 Dilu 16 Nghi djnh sd 19/2005/ND-CP dupe sua ddi, b6 sung
trong Nghi dinh sd 71/2008/ND-CP. Bdii doanh nghi?p dd khdng dG dieu ki$n giay ph^p thi khdng the cd gidy ph6p dl ti quyIn sG dyng vd doanh nghiep dd chkm On hogt dpng vi bat cG li do gi thi khdng phii tudc quyIn sG dyng gidy ph6p 3 thdng tH nen dp dyng hinh thuc tudc quyIn sG dyng gidy ph6p vd thdi ban. Ba Id rd sodt de siii d6i vd th6ng nhit vi?c su dyng iG ng& cho chinh xdc. Vi du: gian d6i - gian lan, lua dao - lua ggt, mdl gidi - gidi thi?u, khdng thd hgn - vd thdl hgn... Bon Id rd sodt dl sin d6i, bd sung va thdng nhdt cdc hdnh vi in phgm, mGc xG phgt vd vdn bdn dp dung.
Hien nay, viec xu li hanh chinh ddi vdi cac hdnh vi vi pham phdp lugt ve hogt dgng didi vu viec ldm quy dinh tgi Nghj dinh so 47/2010/ND-CP, Nghi dinh sd 19/2005/I#
CP dupe sGa ddi, bd sung boi Nghj dinh«
71/2008/ND-CP. Quy dinh G-ong cac vito ban nay chua thdng nhat. Cy thl, hdnh vl quy dinh tgi khoan 6 Dieu 1 Nghi dinh'so 71/2008/ND-CP sua ddi, bd sung Nghi dinh so 19/2005/ND-CP doanh nghi?p cd nhiing hdnh vi IGa ddo, gian lan ddi vdi ngudi'lao ddng, doanh nghidp, td chGc khde do cac co quan nha nude cd tham quyen xac dinh ih\ bi tudc quyen su dyng giay phep trong thdi han 3 thdng. Trong khi dd, cung hdnh vi tuong if (quang edo gian ddi de IGa ggt) nhung khoan 4 Dilu 7 Nghi djnh sd 47/2010/ND-CP quy djnh tudc quyIn sG dung gidy phep 1 ndm.
Thu tdm, bd sung quy dinh vl mien, giam phi djch vy vi?c lam cho mot sd ddi tuong.
Hien nay, theo quy dinh tai Nghj dinh ciia Chinh phu sd 57/2002/ND-CP ngay 3/6/20|
vl hudng din Phdp lenh phi va le phi,,^
dugc hudng dan Gong Thdng tu eua BO tai
TAP r u i I i i f l x I 'OC S6 5/2P1Z
GHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI I
nh sd 63/2002/TT-BTC ngdy 24/7/2002 mg ddn thyc hien cac quy dinh phdp ludt phi va le phi va Thdng tu eua Bg tai ehinh 45/2006/TT-BTC ngdy 25/5/2006 vl sGa , bd sung Thdng tu sd 63/2002/TT-BTC chi mien giam hpc phi cho mdl sd doi mg la doi tupng chinh sdch. Viec mien m phi dich vu viec lahi chi mdi dp dyng ) eac ddi tupng la ngudi khuyet tat. Vi the, ip lugt can bd sung quy dinh mien, giam i dieh vy viee lam cho cdc doi lupng chinh :h khde giong nhu mien giam hgc phi de Liyen khieh lao cdng an viec lam eho hp.
Thir chin, can chG Gpng cdng ldc Id chuc re hien nhu: Tang cudng hon nua hogt ng phdt trien he thdng td chGc dich vu viec n; bdo ddm cdng tac thanh tra, kiem tra at ddng dieh vu viec ldm; tang cudng sy 6i hpp giua co quan nha nude vdi trung n hoac doanh nghiep, ben ngudi lao dpng su dung lao ddng, giua trung tdm vdi anh nghiep hogt dpng dieh vy viec ldm; dau thoa dang cho viee nang cap ca sd vat chat z trung tam; chu trpng dpi ngu can bd, uyen vien; tuyen truyen vd phd bien rpng ve muc dich, ndi dung vd Igi ich cGa boat ng dich vy viec lam den ngudi lao ddng vd anh nghiep... nhdm nang cao hieu qud hogt ng, tao thucmg hieu va uy tin Gong ITnh vyc gt dpng dich vu viee ldm cua cac trung tam, anh nghiep tren thi trudng lao dpng.
Thu mudi, nhanh chdng xay dyng va ban nh Lugt viec ldm. Trong dd hogt ddng dieh
vi6c ldm can dupe thiet ke thanh mdl uong rieng - ehuong hoat dgng dieh vu :e lam./.
. Bd luat lao dong nSm 1994, dugc sua doi, bo sung
c4c nam 2002,2006, 2007.
(2).Xem: Nghj quy^t cCia H$i d6ng BO tru&ng s6 120/HDBT ngiy 11/4/1992 v l clui truong, phircrng hudng vk g\A\
phdp giai quy^t vi^c \km trong thtri gian Idi.
(3).Xem: Quylt dinh ciia B0 lao dOng, thuong binh v i xa hOi s6 146/QD-BLDTBXH ngAy 17/3/1993.
(4).Xem: Dilu 9 Nghj dinh cua Chfnh phii so 72/CP ngdy 31/10/1995 quy djnh chi tilt vk hu6ng dSn thi h^nh m$t s6 dilu cua B$ lu$t lao d^ng ve vi$c lim.
(5).Xem: Vi^n nghien curu khoa hgc phip li, B$ tu phfip, Tim hieu cdc quy djnh Bg lugl lao dgng ciia nir&c Cgng hda xd hgi chu nghia Vi^l Nam, Nxb Thinh p h i H 6 Chi Minh, 1995, tr 49.
{6).Xem: B^ lao dpng, thuong binh v i xi hOi, Tai li^u iham khao phdp lugt lao dgng nuac ngoai, Nxb. Lao d0ng-xah0i,2010,tr 3 1 , 3 2 , 3 3 .
(7). Nghj djnh niy dugc hudng din thuc hien trong Th6ng tu ciia BO lao dong, thuong binh v i xa h^i s i 20/2005/rT-BLDTBXH ngiy 22/06/2005;
(8). Nghi dinh niy dugc huong din thyc hiSn trong Thong tu cua Bg lao d6ng, thuong binh vi xS h^i s6 27/2008AT-BLDTBXH ngay 20/11/2008 sua d6i, bfl sung Th6ng tu sfl 20/2005/TT-BLDTBXH ngiy 22/0&2005.
(9). Theo bdo cao cua flng Nguyen Dai Dflng - Cue trucmg Cye viec lira, Bfl lao dgng, thuong binh va x i h$i lai Hgi thao tflng ket, danh gia hoat dgng dich vy vi?c lim Xix ngdy 28 - 29/3/2008 do Cue viec lam phfli hgp vdi tap doin MANPOPWER tfl chirc. Ngufln: Bfl lao dgng, thuang binh va xa hgi.
(10). Theo bio cao cua flng Nguyen Dai Dflng - Cye trucmg Cye viec lim, Bg lao dong, thuang binh v i x i hfli t^i Hgi thao tflng ket, danh gia hoat d^ng djch vy vi^c lim tilr ngiy 28 - 29/3/2008 do Cye vi§c ldm phfli hgp vdi tip doin MANPOPWER tfl chCre, Ngufln: Bfl lao d^ng, thuong binh va xa hfli.
(11). Theo bio cdo eiia b i Nguyen Thi Hai Van - Phfl eye trudng Cye vi^c lim, 6 $ lao d^ng, thuong binh vd xa h^i tgi Hgi thao t6ng kit, ddnh gid hoat dOng djch vy vi?e lim tir ngay 28 - 29/3/2008 do Cye vi?e ldm ph6i hgp vdi tap doin MANPOPWER td chirc.
Ngufln: Bg lao dgng, thuang binh v i xa hOi- (12).Ngu6n:http://vnecomy.vn/20100909064123145P OC5/hieu-qua-san-giao-dich-viec-lam-khong-nhu-mo ng-doi.htm
p C.H\ I MAT w n r RfS *;rani9 25
