r r
Hdi nghi khoa hoc kT thuat mo quoc te - 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tien vi su phat trien ben vitng
NGHIEN CUTJ MOT SO GIAI PHAP TONG HOP NHAM NANG CAO
O N D I N H D l T C ) N G L O D O C V I A T H A N A P L T / C M O L O ^ N TS.Le Van Cong, TS. Pham Minh Due, KS Pham Tiln Vu
V i e n K h o a hoc C o n g nghe M o - T K V Tom tat: Tai mqt so md than viing Quang Ninh trong cac nam qua so luong cdc dudng Id
phdi chong xen lai chiem ty trqng rdt ldn, gay ton that ve kinh te vd han che den san xudt than.
Vien KHCN md dd ket hop nghien cuu ly thuyet vd thirc nghiem tai hien trudng vd tim nguyen nhan gay mat dn dinh duong Id dan den phdi chong xen nhieu ldn. Bdi bao gidi thieu phuong phap tiep can vd cdc gidi phap dd dp dung de nang cao dn dinh cdc dudng Id nam trong viing ddt dd cd tinh truong nd cao.
Tai cac via than Quang Ninh, dac biet khu vuc mo than Mao Khe cau true via than
rat phuc tap. V i a day, doc, phan l o p , phan phien, nhieu l o p kep m o n g , do ben than va dat da tru vach k h o n g cao nen ngay sau k h i dao chong 16, ap luc tang nhanh gay bien dang pha huy ket cau chong. M a c d u m o t so nam vira qua khong n h u n g M a o K h e m a m o t so m o khac da sir dung nhieu loai ket cau chong va bien phap gia c u o n g n h u n g ket cau chong van bi bien dang pha huy, t h o i gian ton tai cua d u o n g 16 van chua cai thien.
Tang on dinh cua d u o n g 16, keo dai tuoi tho ket cau chong 16, g i a m chi p h i chdng xen, sira chua, tang t h u h o i , sir dung lai nhieu lan khung chong can phai t i m nguyen nhan, ly giai cac nguyen nhan va lira chon cac nguyen l y p h i i hop trong dieu kien cu t h i cua m o t viing, mot k h u vuc.
Qua khao sat, do dac ap lire m o tai cac d u o n g 16 doc v i a than m o than M a o K h e , l i y mau thi nghiem trong phong dac diem truong no ciia mot so loai nham thach, so bo buoc d i u chiing toi co nhung suy n g h i sau:
- V i a day, k h o n g on d i n h
- Than, cac l o p kep co t i n h t r u o n g no manh - V i a cau tao phan l o p , phan phien
- V a c h t r u m e m yeu t r u o n g no, chiia ham l u o n g m i c a nuoc cao
- Lien he giua nuoc mat va via than tot, k h i than da bi ngam nuoc do ben giam manh - Ket cau chong chua hop l y . . .
Ket qua t h i n g h i e m trong phong va hien t r u o n g m o t so t i n h chat co l y than da M a o Khe va mot so m o khac ( T h o n g Nhat, D o n g R i ) m o t vai nam gan day co t h i n i t ra m o t sd nguyen nhan co ban sau:
I . M o t so n g u y e n n h a n c o b a n
1. M o t so n g u y e n n h a n ve d i a k y t h u a t gay ap l u c l d n len k e t cau c h o n g
Qua nhieu nam khai thac va dieu khien da vach bang pha hoa cho nhieu v i a lien t i l p . Khoang trong do khai thac l d n . Sap do da vach lam cho l d p da p h i i ben tren sut liin theo tao dieu kien thuan l o i cho nude mat chay vao mo (du k h o n g ai m u o n the). Sir co mat ciia nude mat ket hop v d i nude trong m d l a m cho cac d u d n g l d de b i ngam nude hoac n h i l u hon la b i sung nude.
Hpi nghi khoa hoc kT thuat mo quPc ti -2010 Cong nghiep md tien tiin vi su phat triin bin vung
V d i cac l o p set deo, set than do ham l u o n g h y d r o m i c a cao nen t i n h t r u o n g no lan.
Theo ket qua nghien c u u nhieu n a m cua V i e n K H C N m o , t6c do t r u o n g n d cua set k i t , set than, bdt k i t k h u vuc M a o K h e cd he sd t r u a n g n d tir 25 tr 3 0 % (hinh 1), t i c do bung nen dat t d i 50 + 60 cm/thang ( H i n h 2). M a c du duoc chdng g i u t u o n g ddi kien cd, co dudng 16 k h u n g chdng thep " I " l i i n cung k h o n g the chdng lai dugc ap luc va bimg nen lam cho ket cau chong b i bien dang va pha huy. M o t sd doan l d dgc v i a than dien tich duong 16
12m2 chi sau 2 thang b i t h u hep chi con k h o n g den 2 m2.
Dat da b i troi len do t r u o n g n d the tich. The t i c h dat da b i troi chuyen vao trong cong trinh dugc L u l k i n V . A de xuat [8] t i n h theo cdng thuc (1)
V = 4.(1 -M2).L2 n.y.H
4.kvA 2.kx X h 0
(1) Trong dd:
A = arccos(—) a.
L
a 2 ,a a B = - J \ - ( - Y - ( - ) . a r c c o s -
3 V L L L
E va u - cac hang sd dan hdi ciia da kep; L = (1+a) - a nira chieu rdng duong 16; ki - G i d i han chay t i n h hgc theo bien dang trugt, cat ciia ldp da b i m g nen
Gia t r i the t i c h dat da t r o i vao cdng t r i n h t i n h cho 1 m3 nen cdng trinh ngam, hay chieu cao ciia nen l d b i nang len dugc xac d i n h theo (2)
v = ^" (2)
2.a A p l u c do b i i n g n e n
K h i dat da b i t r u o n g n d troi vao trong l d . L u g n g the t i c h t r o n g qua t r i n h troi vao 16 gay nen ap lire t r u a n g n d l d n [ 1 ] . K h i truang n d dat da chuyen v i vao hdng l d tao nen mot ap lire hong theo (3):
90° - 2
Pl=(y.Hdl+P0).tg2(- -) (3)
L u c day hong Pi se gay nen lire day hong bac hai. T i e p theo cac luc nay se gay nen ap lire P2 tir phia nen 16 v d i gia t r i (4):
9 0 ° - ^
P2=(y.HJl+P0).tg\- -) (4)
Theo [7,8] ap lire t r u o n g n d ciia set deo, set than dao ddng tir 2 tr 1 5 k G / c m2. T6c do truong n d va the t i c h t r u a n g n d duac t h i n g h i e m bang p h u a n g pha dao v o n g , ket qua tai h i n h ( l ) .
T d n g hgp cac dai l u g n g tdng hgp tren la nhung nguyen nhan l y giai tai sao met 16 chdng xen trong cac n a m gan day cao.
506
Hoi nghi khoa hoc ki thuat md qudc te - 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tiin vi su phat trien ben viing
Toe do truong no%
30
Xa va cot bi thu nho
20 10 (
Hinh 2: Su tliu nhd dudng lb do dp luc vd bung nen 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 thai gian
Hinh 1: Bieu do lien h$ giua truong nd vdi thdi gian A p lux do nen h o n g
V i a than, da bi phan phien phan lop, k h i v i a cang day t h i kha nang khang lai ap lire cang Ion [9] (bang 1 )
Chi tieu Don vi Pham vi su dung chi tieu
Chi tieu Don vi
Nhd nhat Trung binh Ldn nhat
Chieu cao h m 0 0.25 0.5
Khau do dam 2a m 2.0 4.0 6.0
Dp ben ciia dat da [ <Jn ] MPa 10 60 110
Giai thich van de tren bang cong thuc (4) 7r2.E.J
agh = ' gh (2.aY F
trong do:
E - M o dun dan hoi cua vat lieu F- Dien tich cua dam
b.h3 J - M o men quan t i n h J
12 2. M 6 t so n g u y e n n h a n k y t h u a t
Cac duong 16 doc via than sir dung k h u n g chong go (e20 - 2 2 c m ) hay k h u n g chong thep SVP - 22 hoac I-110, chen go hoac be tong cot thep due san b i bien dang dan t o i pha huy con do ket hop mot so nguyen nhan k y thuat nhu:
- D o i v d i k h u n g c h o n g go
Chung ta deu thay rang v o i cac tiet dien h i n h thang hay c h u nhat, he s6 sir dung tiet dien hiru ich cao, n h u n g kha nang chiu u6n ciia xa va cot han che. L i e n ket mieng cot v o i xa bang m o m n g a m nen k h i lire xo ngang Ion l a m cho m i e n g cot b i xe. N e u mieng cot khong bi xe t h i cot b i gay ngay tai chinh giua chieu cao. M o t dac d i e m cua pha huy khung chong go la cac cot hoac xa deu b i nen gay vao phia t i m 16, it t r u o n g hop nen gay doc theo true 16
Hpi nghi khoa hoc kT thuat mo quPc ti - 2010 Cong nghiep mo tien tien vi su phat triin bin vung - D o i v o i k h u n g c h o n g t h e p d a n g h d
K h u n g chdng thep cd hai p h u a n g phap lien k i t t h u o n g sir dung la lien k i t m l m (xa cot n d i v d i nhau bang gong) hoac lien ket cung (xa cot d d i x u n g nhau lien ket bang t i m op). K h u n g chdng dang lien ket m e m hay k h u n g chdng l i n h hoat u u viet d cho nd cd t h i dieu khien sir gia tang ap lire va bien dang m o t each cham chap va n h d dd keo dai t h a i gian sir dung k i c h thudc tiet dien an toan.
K h u n g chdng lien ket cung kha nang chiu tai trong cao (15 - 3 0 % ) nhung k h i d i n g i d i han k h u n g chdng b i pha huy manh. K h u n g chdng bien dang va tut nhanh do lire ma sat g i u cho xa chuyen d i c h tren than cot k e m . V e k y thuat, chdng g i u k h u n g chong chua dam bao yeu cau k y thuat: E c u xiet k h o n g chat, lire ep giua gong va xa, cot nhd, danh vang chua du do cang v d i sd l u o n g i t nen do thanh manh ciia cot l d n .
G o n g det dang v a i bd G o n g tron dang c h u U
1 = 1 Tai
Hi it It 3. Dfcft chuyen xa cot khi lien ket bang cdc
loai gong khd nhau
• ngay
Hinh 4. Khoang each giua hai goi va dp cong ciia
thanh
Hinh 5. Gong d$t dang vai bd
thirc:
K h i sd l u o n g vang k h o n g du hoac khong cang l a m cho dd thanh m a n h cao nhu bieu
(5) trong dd:
1 - do dai cd the l a m mat dn dinh ciia thanh
i - ban k i n h quan t i n h cue tieu ciia tiet dien ngang thanh J - m d m e n quan t i n h tiet dien ngang ciia thanh
L u c t d i han tac ddng len cot de k h o n g b i cong Pg.h =
4 / (6)
trong dd: E m d d u n dan h d i ciia thanh
- D o i v d i k h u n g c h o n g thep sir d u n g d a m n e n k e t cau c u n g
M o t sd d u d n g l d doc v i a than, do than, set ket hoac bdt k i t cd t i n h t r u a n g n d k h i 16 tran tiep xiic v d i k h o n g k h i va h o i nude nen b i n d ra va do k h o n g b i k h u n g chong can lai
508
noi nghi Khoa hoc kT thuat md quoc te - 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tiin vi su phat trien ben vung nen de dang dich chuyln vl phia rong trong 16. Ket cau cung mac du chiu dugc tai trgng
cao va thuc su hieu qua k h i va chi k h i k i t cau d u kha nang mang tai, neu k h u n g chdng b i b i l n dang pha huy. Su pha huy k i t cau chong cung gay kho k h a n phuc tap rat nhieu cho cong tac chdng xen. N h i l u m o ham 16 sir dung ket cau chong k i n v d i d a m nen B T C T due sin hoac dam thep c h u " I " hau SVP ket cau cung deu gap kho khan t u o n g t u k h i dam nen bi gay (dam B T C T ) hoac b i udn cong k h o n g the thao d a bang b i e n phap thong thuang, doi khi phai sir dung thuoc no de pha.
A A A A
I I . L u a c h o n k e t cau c h o n g t h e p l i n h h o a t k e t h o p b i e n p h a p g i a m the t i c h v a bien d a n g do t r u o n g n d
Tir ket qua do dac ap lire m o , do dac bien dang d u d n g l d va t h i n g h i e m t i n h chat co ly ciia than da m d tai m o t sd doan l d miic - 8 0 m v i a 7, v i a 8 M a o K h e nen sir dung ket hgp cac giai phap v d i ket cau chdng than thien v d i dieu k i e n dia k y thuat m d :
1 - tang kha nang chdng d o ciia khung chdng thep 2- giam m i i c do thanh manh cua cot, xa
3- sir dung ket cau chdng nira l i n h hoat ket hgp v d i ket cau dam chdng nang nen 4- sir dung cac l d khoan giam u n g suat tap trung ket hop v d i g i a m the t i c h t r u a n g n d N h i e u tai lieu thuc n g h i e m [10] cho thay k h i sir dung ket cau chdng l i n h hoat kha nang mang tai ciia k h u n g chdng cao, bang (2).
Kha nang c h i u l i i n k h i sir dung ket cau l i n h hoat.
Bang 2
Dp linh hoat L,mm SVP-22 SVP-27
Dp linh hoat L,mm
h = 0 h = 50 h = 100 h = 0 h = 50 h = 100
2 52 64 74 110 130 140
20 70 68 78 125 135 155
40 54 69 82 120 140 156
60 68 65 79 128 128 150
80 74 67 81 127 138 152
Tai trgng Pt b T r u n g b i n h 64 67 79 122. 134 151 Do lech quan p h u o n g tieu
chuan S
9.9 2.1 3.1 7.4 5.1 6.4
He so bien thien v,% 15 3.2 4 6.1 3.8 4.2
De giam m i i c do thanh manh t h i so l u g n g va chat l u g n g vang rat quan trgng va quyet dinh den kha nang chong lai lire x o ngang hay nen thang dirng. K h i chieu cao g i d i han ciia cot, xa ldn. M i i c dd thanh manh cao. K h a nang mang tai ciia k h u n g chdng thap (cong thirc 6). D d i v d i tiet dien d u d n g l d SSd 8 m2 can sd l u g n g vang 5 - 7 chiec, <j> 18 - 20cm, vang danh doi dau tao thanh hang thang dgc thanh 16. V d i ciing loai vat lieu, h i n h dang tiet dien (dang v d m , hoac tron) k h i sir dung lien ket xa, cot cung tao cho k h u n g chdng kha nang mang tai cao. N h u n g k h o n g the sir dung nhieu thep l a m gia thanh tang m a nen sir dung vat lieu dii ben v d i tai trgng t u o n g u n g .
Hdi right khoa hoc kT thud: mo qudc ti - 2010 Cong nghiep mo tien tien vi sir phat trien bin viing Ket cau linh hoat khong gay cac pha huy hay bien dang don (doi voi BTCT). khung
chong bi bien dang cham dan va sau khoang t h a i gian nhat d i n h m o i bien dang tiep. Muon the can sir dung gong dang det n h u hinh (5) tot nhat nen gia cong thep dang vai bo sau do cat thanh cac gong n h u cac nuac van t h u o n g sir dung. Sir dung thiet b i k h i nen xiet e-cu.
E-cu phai xiet lire ep cao de lien ket xa v a i cot chat, xa cot chi b i dich chuyen k h i ap luc mo Ion (25 - 30T/cot).
L i e n ket m e m giua dam nen v a i cot bang gong dang det. Tuyet doi khong sir dung lien ket cung giua dam nen v o i cot chong.
The tich t r u a n g n d co the tinh sa bo theo cong thuc ( 1 ; 2) hoac theo k i n h nghiem.
V u n g bien dang deo t i n h theo cong thirc ciia T x i m b a r e v i c h hay Protodiaconov. Theo kinh nghiem n g u d i ta t h u o n g chon chieu sau 16 khoan giam i m g suat va giam the tich bang 2 3 chieu rong d u d n g 16. bo t r i theo h u d n g h u d n g tam nam xen ke cac k h u n g chong. Dudng k i n h 16 phii hop v d i k h d i l u o n g t r u a n g n d ciia dat da bao quanh. T r o n g dieu kien truang nd ciia set than k h o n g qua m a n h liet sir dung khoang each cac 16 l d n hon v d i dudng kinh o
150 - 2 0 0 m m .
Bo t r i ket cau, vat lieu va lien ket kieu l i n h hoat n h u h i n h (6,7)
5 4 , ,
Hinh 7 : Hp chieu chdng id bang khung thep kit cau nira cirng kit hop dam nen Hinh 6: Hp chiiu chong lb bdng khung thep kit Unh hoat vd hi thong lo khoan giam irng cau nira ciing kit hop dam nen linh hoat suat, giam thi tich truang no
Ghi chu: 1 Khung chong SVP-22 hoac 1-110
2. Gong det dang vai bd xiet chat, 3. Gong ham mem
4. Lien kit dam nguoc 5. Dam ngirpc SVP 22
5 10
Hpi nghi khoa hoc kT thuat mo quoc te - 2010 Cong nghiep mo tien tien vi su phat trien ben vung Tdi lieu tham khao:
1. V o T r o n g H u n g , Phung M a n h Dac, C o hoc da u n g dung t r o n g xay d u n g cong t r i n h ngam va khai thac m o - N h a xuat ban K h o a hoc va K y thuat. H a n o i 2005.
2. Pham M i n h Dure, N g h i e m X u a n L a , N g u y e n V a n T u a n , N g u y e n A n h Tuan, Sir dung 16 khoan d u 6 n g k i n h I o n nham giam ap lire t r u a n g n a n o i sinh nang cao o n d i n h duong 16 than, V i e n K H C N m o 2007
3. Pham M i n h D u e , N g u y e n V a n Phuang,Nghien c u u cac giai phap tong hop nham giam chong xen, nang cao do on d i n h d u o n g 16 m o , V i e n K H C N m o 2007
4. N g h i e m H i r u Hanh, C o hoc da, N h a xuat ban Giao due, H a n o i 2001 5. N g u y e n Quang Phich C o hoc da, N h a xuat ban X a y d u n g , H a n o i 2007
6.Stranz B . , G i l H . , K r a w i e c J: M o z l i w o s c utrzymania w y r o b i s k c h o d n i k o w y c h bez stosowwania ochronnych pasow podsazkowych. Przeglad gorniczy 1973, nr 9
7. A l d o l f K r a w i e c , Julian D o m z a l , M i e c z y s l a w Warszawski... U t r z y m a n i a chodnika w jednostronnym otoczeniu z r o b o w w warunkach k o p a l n i Janina bez pasow poddsadzkowych. Przeglad gorniczy 1975, nr 12
8. PeBa B. H., MenbHUKOB O. H , Pai/iCKnti B. B., noAAepwaHi/ie ropHbix BbipabOTOK, MocKBa "HeApa" 1995
9. T. T. JIMTBUHCKMM, 3 . B. OeceHKO, floHny, AnneBCK, YKpanHa (2007) yCTOMHUBOCTb CnOMCTOM nOMBbl TOpHblX BbipaGOTOK
10. T. T. JIHTBMHCKUM fl. T. H. npocp. , l~ai?IKO T. H. fl. T. H. flOL|.(2007) flOH6aCCKMM rocyflapcTBeHHbM TexHMMecKnii yHMBepcuTeT, YKpanHa.
