THI/C TIEN G I A O DUC
GIAO DUG LUAT Sd Hiiu TRi TUE
THdNG GUA HGAT OdNG R^H LUVEN NGHIEP UU SU PHAIYI CHO SINH VIEN TRl/OiNG DAI HOC Sl/PHAM HANOI
Q PGS.TS. P H A N THj H O N G VINH - NGUYEN DUC G I A N G *
Luqt Sd huu trf tue (SHTT) nhdm ijdo ve ngudn sdng tqo vd nhifng nhd sdn xud't hdng hod, djeh vy tri tfje. Trong bd'i cdnh hdi nhdp kinh te cqnh tranh todn cdu, tdm quon trqng cuo SHTT dd vugt qua su bdo hd cdc sdng tqo tri tfre, trd thdnh cdng cy ngdy cdng quan trgng dd'i vdi su phdt trien ben vifng cua cdc qud'c gia tren the gidi. Do dd, gido dye (GD) SHTT d bde dqi hoc ngdy cdng dugc quon tdm vd dugc duo vdo tfong cdc chuong trinh GD cuo nhieu nude tren the gidi.
1. Khdo sdt thuc trqng nhdn thuc cuo sinh vien (SV) dqi hqc su phqm (DHSP) Hd Ndi ve Luqt SHTT cho thd'y (khdo sdt vdi 150 SV cuo cdc khoa:
Ngif Vdn, Su phgm kT thudt, Sinh - KT thudt ndng nghiep, Tdm li - GD): 92,5% SV nhdn thiie duge tdm quan tfgng cuo bdo hd SHTT; 39,2% SV nhdn thifc dung voi trd cuo bdo hd tfi tue; 50% SV nhdn thuc dung ve SHTT; 41,8% SV hieu dung ndi dung.quyen SHTT; 80% SV hieu dung cdc loqi hinh tdc phdm cdn dugc bdo hd quyen tdc gid; 70,29% SV hieu dung ve hdnh vi vi phqm quyen SHTT. Ke't qud tren cho thd'y, SV DHSP Hd Ndi dd cd nhtfng hieu biet ve Luqt SHTT nhung su hieu biet dd chuo ddy du, chuo he thd'ng. Ngodi ro, chung tdi cung khdo sdt y kien cua 30 gidng vien (GV) Trudng DHSP Hd Ndi: 80% GV nhdn thifc d mifc do cdn thie't phdi GD Luqt SHTT cho SV, nhung chi cd 41,9% xdc djnh dung ndi dung quyen SHTT.
GV DHSP Hd Ndi dd y thife dugc tdm quan trgng cuo GD Luqt SHTT trong trudng su phqm.
Tuy nhien, hieu biet eua GV ve Luqt cdn hqn che, viec GD Luqt trong trudng chu ye'u thdng quo ndi dung quy ehe thi, ddnh gid khod ludn td't nghiep, ludn vdn thqc sT, cdng trinh nghien cuu khoo hge.
Viec GD Luqt SHTT chuo ndm trong chuong trinh ddo tqo ciio nhd tfudng. Vi vdy, GV gdp nhtfng
Tap chi Giao due s6 2 4 4 (ki a - s/aoio)
khd khdn trong GD SHTT cho SV: 38,9% GV gdp khd khdn do "chua dua ndi dung GD quyen SHTT gidng dgy frong trudng su phgm"; 20,8% khd khdn do "chua cd ddi ngu GV de gidng dgy"; vd khd khdn do "cache, chfnh sdch"chiem 12,5%.
Trong cdc trudng DHSP, ben cqnh dqy cdc tri thifc khoo hoc chuyen ngdnh, cdn tien hdnh cdng tdc ddo tqo nghiep vy su phqm. Hoqt ddng ren luyen nghiep vy su phqm (RLNVSP) dugc tfen hdnh thudng nien dudi nhieu hinh thuc phong phu, linh hoqt vd sdng tqo. Vi vdy, cd the idng ghep ndi dung SHTT vdo trong hinh thifc ndy giup SV ndng coo nhdn thuc, ren luyen hdnh vi phii hop vdi Luqt SHTT.
2. Co so GD Luat SHTT thdng quo hoot d d n g RLNVSP
Ca sd Triet hge: Ph.Angghen dd chi ro vol trd cuo loo ddng vd ngdn ngif dd'i vdi su hinh thdnh con ngudi: «Lao ddng Id dieu kien co bdn ddu tien cuo todn bd ddi sd'ng con ngudi. Vd nhu the, de'n mdt mifc md tren mdt y nghTo ndo d d , chung ta phdi ndi: lao ddng sdng tqo ro bdn thdn con ngudi" (1). Hoqt ddng hge tdp Id dgng loo dgng CO bdn cuo SV, do dd, viec td chuc hoqt ddng nghiep vy su phqm Id con dudng hieu qud de GD Luqt SHTT cho SV su phqm. Hoqt ddng RLNVSP Id dqng hoqt ddng giup SV su phqm vdn dyng tdng hgp kien thuc vd ki ndng tiep thu dugc trong gid ten Idp. Thdng quo RLNVSP, SV khdng chi md rdng, nghien euu sdu kien thuc md cdn cd CO hdi dp dyng ehung trong nhieu tfnh hud'ng khde nhou trong thye tfin, hinh thdnh tfnh cdm vd hdnh vi phu hgp vdi Luqt SHTT cho SV.
Co sd Tam If hge: Theo quan diem tdm li Mde xit, nhdn cdch bieu hien vd hinh thdnh trong hoqt
* Tnroing Dai hoc sir pham Ha Noi
#
ddng. Thuyet kien tqo nhdn thire cuo J.Pioget nhdn mqnh vai trd cuo ngudi hge trong qud trinh hge tdp vd GV dugc coi Id ngudi hd trg, hudng ddn.
Ngudi hge tu xdy dung vlec hge tdp cuo minh, cdn nhiem vy cuo ngudi dqy Id tqo mdi trudng hqc tdp thudn Igi, thudng xuyen khuyen khich tu duy. Cdc quon diem tdm li hqc tren djnh hudng cdch thifc td ehue RLNVSP eho SV, trong dd GV ed vol trd tqo mdi trudng, dinh hudng, cd vd'n, giup dd, SV ty quyet djnh ehu de, tu xdy dung ke hoqch, lua chgn phuang phdp hoqt ddng cuo minh, tu kiem tra vd ddnh gid.
Ca sd GD hge: GD Id hien tugng ddc trung cuo xd hdi lodi ngudi, GD vdn ddng vd phdt trien trong qud trinh phdt trien cuo Ijch su lodi ngudi. Mdi thdi ki Ijch su khde nhau thi GD cung khde nhou ve myc dfch, ndi dung, phuong phdp, hinh thue td chifc GD. Do dd, tfong bd'i cdnh todn cdu hod, su phdt trien nhonh ehdng ve khoo hge, ki thudt vd cdng nghe, su hinh thdnh nen kinh te tri thire ddi hdi su ro ddi cuo Luqt SHTT nhdm bdo hd sdng che, phdt minh cuo con ngudi. Vi vdy, cdn duo Luqt SHTT vdo ngl dung GD trong nhd trudng ndi ehung vd cdc trudng DHSP ndi rieng.
3. To' chirc hoqt ddng RLNVSP Idng ghep ndi dung SHTT
Trong 3 dqng hoqt dgng RLNVSP Id: Thuc hdnh nghiep vy suphgm thudng xuyen, Thuc tap su phgm vd Hgi thi nghiep vy su phgm. Trudng DHSP Hd Ndi tien hdnh Idng ghep Luqt SHTT vdo td chire hdi thi nghiep vy su phqm, do ddy Id hinh thuc hoqt ddng phong phii vd xdy dung mdt cdch linh hoqt vdi nhieu chu de khde nhau. Hoqt ddng ndy dien ro vdo thdng 11 hdng ndm, vdi cdc hinh thuc hoqt ddng: thi hieu biit su phgm, thi gidi quyit tinh hud'ng suphqm, thi hung biin, hoqt ddng sdn khdu hod, thi dd dung dgy hge...
Cdc hoqt ddng ndy dugc td chire d cdp Idp, khoo, trudng vd tfen het Id cdp qud'e gio. Hien nay, trudng DHSP luo chgn hoi hinh thuc hieu biet Id thi hieu biit su phgm, thi gidi quyet tinh hudng suphqm de GD Luqt SHTT cho SV su phqm.
a) Tdchuc thi hieu biit nhdng vdn de ca bdn cua Luqt SHTT
- Luo chgn chu de. Djnh hLrdng SV luo chgn chu de bdng cdch xdy dyng vd dua cdu hdi tfdc nghiem SHTT vdo chuong trinh thi hieu biet ciio SV. Myc tieu hoqt dgng nhdm giup SV hieu vd vdn dyng dugc quyen vd nghTa vy cuo minh ve SHTT; GD y thirc tdn trgng vd Idm theo Luqt SHTT. Vdn ddng nhifng ngi/di xung quanh thue hien td't Luqt SHTT.
- Xdy dung ke hoqch thue hien: GV cung cd'p eho SV tdi lieu ve Luqt SHTT, hudng ddn SV dgc tdi lieu vd soqn bd cdu hdi trdc nghiem vdi 3 ddp dn vd cdc ndi dung co bdn cuo Luqt. Cdn SV phdi tdp trung dqc tdi lieu, chia Idp thdnh cdc ddi thi, cu ngudi ddn chuong trinh vd thu ki ghi diem. GV cdn xdc djnh cy the thai gion, thdi lugng, djo diem tfen hdnh cude thi.
- Chudn bj: GV hodn thdnh cdng viec chudn bj cuo minh. SV chudn bj hoi bd chtf cdi A, B, C, D, ke bdn ghe, chudn bj sdn khdu.
- Td ehire hoqt ddng: Thi theo hinh thifc ddu loqi true tiep. The le thi dugc edng b d rd rdng, cdng khai, thi xong ngudi ddn chuong trinh edng b d ddi thdng vd phdt phdn thudng.
- Ket thuc hoqt ddng: GV ddnh gid mue do ndm vtfng Luqt; ddnh gid ket qud hoqt ddng cua SV.
b) Thi xu li finh hudng su phgm
- Lyo chgn chu de. Djnh hudng bdng cdch xdy dung mdt so tfnh hudng vd ddp dn ve ndi dung SHTT dua vdo chuong trinh thi NVSP. Myc tfeu nhdm bude ddu hinh thdnh ki ndng bdo ve quyen SHTT vd tdn trqng SHTT cuo ngudi khde.
- Xdy dung ke hoqch hoqt ddng: GV xdy dung mdt so tfnh hudng su phqm cd lien quon den quyen SHTT, xdy dung ddp dn; ggi y cho SV xdy dung cdc tfnh hudng, hoy cdc tieu phdm ngdn ve cdc tfnh hud'ng SHTT. Trong khi dd, SV top luyen trudc de ndm vi/ng yeu cdu, cdch xu li tfnh hudng cy the; luo chgn mdt sd tfnh hud'ng de thi; top trinh diSn cdc tfeu phdm. Ldp duge chia thdnh 4 ddi, ten ke hoqch thdi gian, thdi lugng, djo diem.
- Cdng tde chudn bj. GV vd SV chudn bj son sdng ede hogt ddng dLigc phdn edng: chudn bj hoi bd chtf cdi: A , B, C, D; bdn ghe, trong tfi idp; cu ngudi ddn chuong tfinh, thu ki vd ban gidm khdo.
- Td chifc hoqt ddng: Bon td ehue neu myc tfeu cude thi, the le thi, gidi thieu thu ki vd ngudi ddn chuong trinh. Sou dd, gioo eho ngudi ddn chuang trinh dieu khien cude thi dudi mdt trong hai hinh thue, hode thi xu li tfnh hud'ng hode theo hinh thifc thi tieu phdm.
- Ket thuc hoqt ddng: GV tdng ke't, khdng djnh nhtfng uu, nhuge diem trong x u li tfnh hud'ng cuo SV. Hudng SV cdch xu li tfnh hud'ng td'i uu, ddnh gid vd troo phdn thudng.
4. Phuang phdp GD Luqt SHTT Idng ghep trong hoqt ddng RLNVSP
Phuong phap trdc nghiim. Trong phdn thi hieu biet, chung tdi tien hdnh soqn bg cdu hdi theo hinh thifc cdu hdi trdc nghiem nhieu ddp dn. Hinh
Tap ehi Giao due so 2 4 4 (ki a . s/aoioi
muc ndy se bao triim dugc dien rdng kien thuc ve vd'n de SHTT, dem tdi cho SV nhieu kien thirc.
Phuang phap fro chai. Tien hdnh trd choi mang ten «Dodn khai niim". Mdi hinh ve se tuong ung vdi nd Id mdt khdi niem, cdc ddi choi se phdi nhin hinh ve de lien tudng vd dodn ro dugc khdi niem g i .
Phuang phdp finh hudng. Bien sogn cdc tfnh hud'ng su phqm sdt vdi thye tfin, ddng thdi Idng ghep trong dd cdc su kien, vdn de cd lien quon tdi SHTT. Cdc dqi choi se phdi phdn tich tfnh hud'ng, chi rd mdu thudn cua vd'n de, tfm ro nguyen nhdn vd gidi quye't triet de tfnh hudng (SV se nhdp voi chinh trong khi gidi quye't tfnh hudng su phqm). Ngodi ro, chung tdi cdn su dyng cdc phuong phdp tdm li - GD (thuyet phyc, khen thudng, trdch phqt); phuong phdp kinh te (tdng qud, phdn thudng) deu cd the su dyng hieu qud.
5. Cdc yeu cdu dd'i vdi td chuc hoat ddng RLNVSP vd ngi dung S H H
Ve phuang tiin vd dieu kiin cho RLNVSP. SV phdi cd vd'n tri thue hieu biet ve kT ndng (ed tri thuc ii thuyet Idn tri thi/c thye hdnh). Cdng hieu sdu tri thiic cd lien quon cdng ndm vtfng cdch thuc hdnh ddng thi kT ndng tuong ifng cdn xdy dung cdng nhonh chdng dugc hinh thdnh; cd nhu cdu ndm vtfng kT ndng, kT xdo; cd du phuong tfen cdn thie't nhu cdc loqi sdch hudng ddn thuc hdnh, cdc phdng hge cd phuong tien chuyen diing de luyen tdp; luyen tdp tif don gidn den phuc tqp, h> d l de'n khd; dugc kiem tro vd ty kiem tro lien tyc; dugc cung ed, vdn dyng vdo thye t i l n mdt cdch thudng xuyen vd cd he thd'ng de khde sdu chung. Nhu vdy, h> viee tiep thu nhifng tri thue, nhiem vy co bdn, quo su hudng ddn cuo GV vd ddc biet quo qud trinh ren luyen Idu ddi t)en bl vd sdng tqo, SV hinh thdnh cho minh kT ndng su phqm cdn thiet giup eho viec dqy hqc - GD cuo hg sou ndy dgt ket qud.
Tfnh thuc tien. Vd'n de SHTT vdn Id mdt vd'n de mdi, xo Iq, hon nifa cdc tdi sdn tri tue thudng triru h/gng, khd tiep thu eho SV. Vi vdy, khi duo cdc ndi dung SHTT vdo hoqt ddng RLNVSP phdi cy the, ehi tfet vd cdng sd'ng ddng cdng d l hieu.
Tfnh y nghTa. Nhifng tfnh hud'ng, cdu hdi lien quon tdi cdc ndi dung SHTT phdi ddm bdo y nghTa, khdng chi y nghTo vdi phdt trien kinh te, phdt trien xd hdi md cdn phdi y nghTo ngay vdi bdn thdn mdi SV. Nhu vdy, se ldm ndy sinh nhu cdu nhdn thifc ve SHTT d SV.
Tap chi Giao due so 2 4 4 (ki a . s/aoioi
Chung tdi dd td cht/c cude thi NVSP cd'p Idp cho SV K58 - Khoo Tdm If - GD (ngdy 2 1 / 4 / 2010) nhdm kiem chung tinh khd thi vd hieu qud cuo viec GD luqt SHTT thdng quo hoqt ddng RLNVSP. Cude thi NVSP dugc tien hdnh theo quy md Idp, thdng quo hinh thirc thi (thi hieu biet, thi dodn khdi niem vd thi xi/ If tfnh hud'ng su phqm).
Thu nghiem bdng phuong phdp trdc nghiem, trd choi vd ddng vol.
Kit qud thu nghiim: Diem trung binh: Idn 1 Id 5,14; Idn 2 Id 6,67. Ke't qud thuc nghiem cho thd'y hoqt ddng NVSP cd the giup nhdn thife cuo SV ve Luqt SHTT tdng ten. SV khdng chF ndm dugc kien thue ve SHTT md cdn hieu sdu sdc ban ve kien thifc chuyen ngdnh vd kien thuc xd hdi. Thdng qua hoqt ddng ndy gdp phdn ren luyen hdnh vi phu hgp vdi Luqt SHTT, phdt trien tinh ddc top vd tu duy sdng tqo eua SV trong hge top vd cude sdng. •
(1) C.Mac va Angghen. Toan tSp. NXB Chinh tn
qudc gia. H. 1995.Tai lieu tham khao
1. Cam nang s& hiru tri tue. Tai lieu gO'c v6 sd hiJu tri tue cua td chuc WIPO.
2. Dang Vu Hoat. Hoat dong ngoai gia len Idp d trurnig trung hoc cffsff. NXB Gido due. H. 2001.
Thiet ke bai giang...
(Tiep theo trang 25)
- B8: GV ke't ludn, ddnh gid ke't qud nghien cifu cuo SV.
- B9: Gioo bdi dqc mdi ve nhd cho SV vd yeu cdu SV tu nghien cuu mdt Cose study khde neu thd'y cdn thie't.
Tren ddy Id mdt vi dy cy the ed tinh chdt minh hoq, giup cho GV gidng dqy mdn GDH cd nhung djnh hudng dung ddn vd cdn thiet khi thie't ke bdi gidng de gidng dqy mdn hge ndy cd hieu qud bdng PP Cose study. Q
