.P e r a KHOA HOC TRl/flNC DA[ HOC TRA VINH. s 6 35, THANG 9 NAM 2{ DOI- 10 35382/18594816 I
THUC TRANG BAO TON VA PHAT HUY GIA TRI VAN HOA AM NHAC DAN GIAN KHMER NAM BO
TRONG BOI CANH HIEN NAY
Pham Tiat K h a n h \ Nguy6n Dang H a i ^ Pham Thi To Thy^
THE SITUATION OF PRESERVATION AND PROMOTION OF THE CULTURAL VALUES OF KHMER FOLK MUSIC IN THE SOUTH OF
VIETNAl^
Pham Tiet Khanh', Nguyen Dang H a i ^ Pham Thi To Thy^
Tom tat - Nghien ciiu ddnh gid thUc trang bdo tdn vd phdt huy cdc gid tri vdn hda dm nhac ddn gian Khmer Nam Bp trong boi canh hien nay. Nghien ciiu sii dung cdc phuong phdp dieu tra xa hdi hpc, phong vdn sdu, phuong phdp dien dd ddn tpc hpc. Ket qud cho thdy cong tdc bdo ton vd phdt huy cdc gid tri vdn hda dm nhac ddn gian Khmer Nam Bd thdi gian qua chu yeu duOc thifc hien iheo hudng tU phdt, luu truyin theo phUOng thiic truyen mieng, truyen dgy gan vdi cdc nghe nhdn, nghe si. Cdc hinh thiic suu tdm, nghien citu, gidi thieu, ddo tgo tuy dd dupe quan tdm nhung con nhieu hgn che.
Tii khda: dm nhae ddn gian Khmer Nam Bp, bdo ton va phdt huy, gid tri vdn hoa.
Abstract - This study evaluated the cur- rent condition of the preservation and pro- motion of cultural values of Khmer folk music. The study used sociological inves- tigation methods, in-depth interviews, and ethnographic fieldwork methods. The results showed that the preservation and promotion of the cultural values of Khmer folk music in the south of Vietnam were mainly done
^•^•^Trifclng Dai hoc Tra Vinh
Ngay nhan bai: 09/9/2019; Ngay nhan ket qua binh duyet:
20/9/2019. Ngay chap nhan dang Oi/io/20l9 Email: [email protected]
^' ' Tra Vinh University
Received date: 09**^ September 2019 ; Revised date 20"' September 2019; Accepted date: O r ' October 2019
spontaneously, via oral transmission between artisans and artists. Even though research into Khmer folk music, introduction of out- siders to Khmer folk music, and training have begun to be collected and researched, it is still very limited.
Keywords: cultural values, preservation and promotion, Vietnam Southern Khmer folk music.
I. DAT V A N D E Nam Bo la viing dat co nhieu dan loc cung cong cif tii lau ddi, trong do ngxtbi Khmer co lich sif dinh eU kha s6m, c6 nhieu anh hildng ve mat van hoa, xa hoi va ngon ngfl trong viing. Day la toe ngifdi co dan so dong nhat trong cac toe ngadi thieu so 3 Nam Bo. Theo ket qua tong di6u tra dan so va nha 3 nam 2009, ngifcfi Khmer cf Viet Nam eo dan s6 1.260.640 ngiTcti [1], cU mi chu yeu d khu vUc Nam Bo, dac biet la cac tinh 6 D6ng bang song Ciiu Long.
Trai qua qua trinh eong cit lau dai va on dinh cimg cac dan toe anh em d Nam Bo, ngadi Khmer da tao dUng mot nen van hoa - nghe thuat dan gian doc dao va da dang vcfi nhieu loai hinh, loai the khae nhau, co n6i dung tiJ tudng nhan van sau sac va gifl vai tro quan hong trong dcii s6ng xa hoi. Trong do, nen am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam B6 v6i nhieu the loai l;hac nhau chiia dUng nhiing gia tri dpc dao v% noi dung tU tiidng va hint
D 9 NAM 2019 VAN HOA - GIAO DUC - NGHfi THUAT
thiic nghe thuat, gan bo mat thiSt v6i nhip s6ng dcii thUctng, vdi sinh hoat van hda cong dong va cac l l hoi truy6n thong eua ddng bao Khmer Nam Bo nhU: dan nhac Ngii am, dan nhac Mo ho ri, dan nhae ciTdi, dan nhac Sko Thum, dan nhac A rak, miia trdng Chhay dam, dong dao, Chom rieng Cha pay, hat ru, hat A day,...
Cd the ndi, n6n am nhac dan gian cua ngUdi Khmer Nam Bd da ddng mpt vai trd quan trpng trong viec the hien va khang dinh ban sac van hda dan toe, gan k6t gifla cac ca nhan, giiia ca nhan vdi cpng ddng va dac biet la giiia cac dan tpc d viing dat Nam Bd.
Chinh vi vay, loai hinh nghe thuat nay da trd thanh nhiing mdn an tinh than khdng the thieu ciia ngUdi Khmer Nam Bd ciJng nhil ciia cac dan tpc Viet Nam. Nd cd y nghia quan trpng trong viec xay dUng, bdi diTdng nhan each, pham chSt, tam hon cua ngiidi Khmer Nam Bo, dac biet ta trong thdi dai mdi, gdp phan phuc VLI dac liic cho cae nhiem ,vu chinh trj ciia dat nUdc, dam bao sU phat jtrien on dinh va bgn vflng cua toan xa hpi.
Tuy nhien, vdi xu th^ hdi nhap va giao hiu ngay eang sau rdng, stf phat trien va pho bi6n ciia cac phUdng tien nghe nhin hien dai, cac chUdng trinh am nhac mdi, hap dSn tren truySn hinh, cac trang mang xa h p i . . . , nen am nhac dan gian ciia ngUdi Khmer Nam Bd dang phai doi mat vdi nhi6u khd khan thaeh thiic. Nhiiu tac pham am nhac, nhi6u loai nhac khi dang cd nguy cd bi mai mot, danh mat ban sac; nhieu nghe nhan, nghe sT da phai ni bd dam me vi cong viec mUu sinh nhpc ,ihan, nhiSu nghe nhan, nghe sT ki cUu da qua idi; gidi tre ngay cang thd d va khdng man na vdi viec bao ton va phat huy cac gia tri /an hda cua am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam 56. Trong dd, mdt sd the loai dang cd nguy '•.a mai mdt, cSn bao tdn khan cap nhu nghe
> u a t trinh diln dan gian Chom rieng Cha jay, dan nhac A rak,... vi cac nghe nhan, 'ighe si thude linh vUc nay cdn rat it va da
^6 hp da ldn tuoi, siic khde ylu, trong khi dd
"tpi ngu k l thtfa chUa dUdc dau tU dao tao bai '.'.an, cac phUdng thiJc sUu tim, luu trii vdn
^li san am nhac chUa dUdc dku tU tliUc hien
^Spt each cd he thdng.
Tren cd sd dd, bai bao dUdc thUc hien nham danh gia thUc trang bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri van hda am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd trong bdi canh hien nay. Ket qua nghien ciiu gdp phin d l ra cac cd sd thUc tiln cho viec xay dung giai phap bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri van hda am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd thdi gian tdi. C4u tnic bai viet gom hai ndi dung chinh:
Mpt la, xac dinh thUe trang bao ton va phat huy gia tri van hoa am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bp ve cac phUdng dien: chu trUdng, chinh saeh ciia Dang va Nha nUdc; cac hinh thiic, ndi dung bao tdn va phat huy gia tri am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd;
Va hai la, xac dinh thanh tUu, han c h l trong cdng tac bao tdn, phat huy am nhae dan gian Khmer Nam Bd trong thdi gian qua va nguyen nhan ciia nhiing thanh tUu, han che tren.
n . TONG QUAN NGHIEN CCU Viec danh gia thUe trang, d l xuSt giai phap bao ton va phat huy gia tri cua cac loai hinh am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bp da dUdc nhilu nha nghien cUu d l cap d nhiing mUc dp khae nhau. Y kiln chia se ciia cac nha nghien cUu chii ylu xudt phat tU nhUng tham luan tai cac hdi thao khoa hpc nhU: Nghe thugt sdn khau DU ke Khmer Nam Bp - di sdn vdn hda ddn tdc (2013) tai TrUdng Dai hpc Tra Vinh, Nghe thugt dm nhgc phuong Dong - Bdn sac vd gid tri (2014) tai TrUdng Dai hpc Khoa hpc Xa hdi va Nhan van - Dai hpc Quoe gia Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh, Bdo ton vd phdt huy gid tri vdn hda dm nhgc ddn gian Khmer Nam Bd - Thuc trgng vd gidi phdp (2019) tai TrUdng Dai hpc Tra Vinh...
Theo Thaeh Mu Ni [2], nghe thuat bieu diln cua ngUdi Khmer Nam Bd trong thdi gian qua da dat dUdc khdng it thanh tUu nhu viec dan dUng ngay cang cdng phu, cd bai ban, ldp diln logic hdn; nhieu dpi nhac, dpi van nghe quan chiing Khmer dUdc khdi phuc va phat trien... Tuy nhien, tac gia cung chi ra thuc t l mai mdt cua mot s6 loai hinh nghe thuat, tieu bieu nhU nghe thuat san khiiu Rd bam. Nguyen nhan chu yeu la do ndi dung
TAP CHl' KHOA HOC T R U 6 N G DAi HOC TRA VINH, SO 35, THANG 9 NAM 2019 VAN HOA - GIAO DUC - NGHfi THUAT
nghe thuat thieu phong phii, chat lUdng nghe thuat chUa cao, k! nang dien xifdng cdn han chl, khdng gian phd bien nghe thuat cdn han hep, kenh pho biin nghe thuat thieu hdp li.
Nguyin Dang Hai va cdng sU [3] phan tieh thUc trang cdng tac dao tao nguon nhan lUc nganh Bieu dien nhac cu truyin thdng Khmer Nam Bd tai Viet Nam. Theo cac tac gia, cdng tac dao tao ngudn nhan lUc nghe thuat bieu diln d Viet Nam tdn tai mot so bat cap ve cd cSu nganh nghi dao tao, chat lUdng dao tao.
Sdn Ngpc Hoang [4] phan tich thUc trang sUu tam, nghien cUu va truyen day nhac khi dan gian Khmer Nam Bd. TU thUc tien nghien ciJu tai Kien Giang, Biii Cdng Ba [5] cho rang ben canh nhiing thanh tiiu dat dUdc, mdt so the loai am nhac va san khiu dan gian Khmer d tinh Kien Giang dang dUng trUdc nguy cd mai mdt. Nguyen nhan ciia sU mai mdt thdi gian qua la do viec dilu tra, sUu tim chUa dong bd va thilu khoa hpc; do sU tac ddng cua loi song hien dai; thieu djnh hUdng, Uiyen truyen tif cac cd quan chiic nang... [5].
Moi quan he gifla bao tdn va phat trien ciing dUdc d l cap trong cac bai viit cua Lam VTnh PhUdng [6], Nguyin Thi My Liem [7], Thaeh Mu Ni [8]... Nguyin Thi My Liem [7] cho rang cin giai quyit mdt each bien chUng gifla bao ton va phat trien. Theo do, chiing ta cin bao tdn am nhac dan gian ngay trong ddi song cdng dong, tiic "bao tdn song"; dong thdi, chiing ta can ke thUa, tilp biin cac gia tri cua nhan loai. TUdng tii, Thaeh Mu Ni [8] eung cho rang am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd can dUdc bao tdn va phat trien theo hai hUdng: vfla gifl dUdc truyin thong, vfla cai bien nang cao ngang tim vdi xu thi hien dai va vfla gifl dfldc ban sac, vfla tiep nhan cd chpn lpc.
Ben canh cac bai viet cd tinh khai quat, nhieu bai viit de cap din thUc trang bao ton, phat huy cac loai hinh nghe thuat tieu bieu cua ngUdi Khmer Nam Bp. Le Tien Thp [9]
cho rang khd khan ldn nhit trong bao ton va phat huy san khau Du ke chinh la ngudn nhan liic cdn han chl, dac biet la trinh dp cua dpi ngu sang tac va bieu diln. Lara Vinh PhUdng [6] neu len nhflng khd khan hong bao tdn san khau Du ke: sU tac ddng ciia kinh
te thi trudng, hdi nhap quoe te, xu hu6ng ddng hda nghe thuat, chUa cd nhflng khao sat, dieu tra cd ban ve nghe thuat Khmer de bao tdn, nhflng bat dong v l quan dilm bao tdn va phat huy gifla cac nha quan li, nghien ciiu... Tfl kinh nghiem cua Han Quoe, Phan Thi Thu Hiln va cdng sU [10] cho rang cong tac bao ton, phat huy san khau Du ke can gan vdi phat trien du lich cua dia phfldng.
Nhfl vay, thUc trang bao tdn, phat huy cac gia tri van hda am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd da dUde d l cap trong nhilu nghien ciiu, 5 cac miic dp khae nhau. Cac nghien cflu da chi ra nhflng khd khan v l nguon nhan liic, kinh phi, cdng tac tuyen truyin... Thy nhien, cac tac gia chUa dUa ra cu the cac kit qua khao sat, dilu tra chi tilt d khu vUc Nam Bo trong boi canh hien nay. Vi vay, viec khao sat va danh gia mdt each he thdng thUc trang bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri van hda am nhac dan gian Khmer d khu viie Nam Bo la can thilt.
III. PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CCU A. Doi tuong vd dia hdn nghien ciiu
De danh gia thiie trang bao tdn, phat huy cac gia tri van hda am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd, chung tdi da td chflc nhieu cuoc dieu tra, khao sat, sUu tam thUc dia tai cac dia phUdng cua Nam Bd - Viet Nam va Campuchia tfl thang 3 nam 2008 din thang 8 nam 2019. Doi vdi khu viic Ddng Nam Bo, chung tdi khao sat tai hai tinh Tay Ninh va Binh Phudc. Doi vdi khu viic Tay Nam Bo, ehung tdi khao sat tai tam tinh, dianh: Tra Vinh, Sde Trang, Thanh pho Can Thd, Hau Giang, Kien Giang, An Giang, Bae Lieu va Ca Mau. Viec liia chpn 10 tinh, thanh tren vi day la nhflng ndi tap trung nhilu ngUbi Khmer sinh sdng.
Doi tUdng nghien cflu chu yeu la cac ngh^
nhan, nghe si la Khmer Nam Bd; cac nha nghien cflu am nhac va van hda - nghe thuM Khmer Nam Bd; cac nha quan li, cd quan quan li, dao tao ve van hda - nghe thuat Khmer Nam Bd tai cac khu viic nghien ciiu;
cac tai Heu, tfl lieu, hien vat, nhac khi... v^
am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd.
TAP c m KHOA HOC TRLfClNG DAI HGC TRA ViNH, SO 35, THANG 9 NAM 2019 VAN HOA - GIAO DUC - NGH$ THU^T
Ddng thdi, nham cd cd sd so sanh, danh gia hieu qua cdng tac bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri van hda am nhac dan gian Khmer gifla Viet Nam va Campuchia, chiing tdi md rdng pham vi khao sat d mdt so khu viic cua Campuchia. Tai Campuchia, chung tdi khao sat eae nghe nhan, nghe sT, cac nha nghien eUu, quan li dao tao am nhac dan gian Kilmer Campuchia tai Phnom Penh va Siem Reap, v l phia cac nghe nhan, nghe si, cac doan nghe thuat, chung tdi khao sat md hinh bao ton va phat huy am nhac dan gian ciia ngUdi Khmer Campuchia tai Lang Van hda (Siem Reap), md hinh bao tdn va phat huy am nhac dan gian tai Cambodian Living Arts (Siem Reap), md hinh bao tdn van hda dan gian tai quin the Angkor Wat (Siem Reap), cd sd c h l tac nhac cu truyin thdng Khmer (Phnom Penh), md hinh bao tdn van hda - nghe thuat dan gian tai Bao tang Quoe gia Campuchia (Phnom Penh). Vl phia cac nha quan li, cd sd dao tao ve am nhac dan gian Khmer Campuchia, chiing tdi tien hanh phdng vin cac nha nghien cflu, quan li tieu bieu cua cac ddn vi nhfl Khoa Am nhac - TrUdng Dai hpc Van hda Nghe thuat Hoang gia Campuchia, cac chuyen gia cdng tac tai Doan Nghe thuat Quan dpi Campuchia, Bd Van hoa va Nghe thuat Campuchia, TrUdng Trung cap Van hda Nghe thuat Campuchia.
B. Phuong phdp thu thdp vd xii li thong tin Nham thu thap y kiln, quan diem cua cac nha nghien cflu, nha quan li, dao tao, cac nghe nhan, nghe si, chung tdi sfl dung hai m i u phieu dilu tra xa hdi hpc khae nhau cho hai doi tfldng la cac nghe nhan, nghe si va cac nha quan li, dao tao. Ket qua, doi vdi cac nha quan li, dao tao, chiing tdi thu nhSn dfldc 46 philu hdp le, ddi vdi cac nghe nhan, nghe si, chung tdi thu nhan dUdc 222 phieu hdp le. Ben canh dd, trong qua trinh khao sat, chung tdi cdn tiln hanh phdng vin sau cac nghe nhan, nghe sT; cac nha quan li, dao tao de hieu sau hdn kit qua khao sat. Tai Campuchia, chung tdi tiln hanh phdng van hdn 20 nghe nhan, nghe si, dien vien, cac nha quan 11, dao tao tieu bieu v l am nhac dan gian Khmer Campuchia.
Dii heu dilu tra xa hdi hpc dUdc xfl li bang phan m i m SPSS 22. Doi vdi cac cau hdi sfl dung thang do Likert 4 Ifla chpn (1: Hoan toan ddng y; 2: Dong y mot phin; 3: Khdng ddng y; 4: Hoan toan khdng ddng y), gia tti khoang each = (gia tri ldn nhat - gia tri nhd nhat) / n = (4-l)/4 ^ 0.75. Y nghia cac mflc nhfl sau:
1.0 - 1.75: Hoan toan ddng y 1.76 - 2 . 5 : Dong y 2.51 - 3.25: Khdng ddng y 3.26 - 4.0: Hoan toan khdng ddng y Trong qua trinh nghien cflu, chiing tdi cung tien hanh khao sat, danh gia nhilu van ban lien quan din chii trfldng, chinh saeh cua Dang, Nha nUdc trong hoat ddng bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri van hda - nghe thuat ndi chung, am nhac Khmer Nam Bd ndi rieng.
IV. N O I DUNG NGHIEN c C U Am nhac dan gian ciia ngUdi Khmer Nam Bd kha phong phu va da dang ca v l ndi dung tu tudng va hinh thUc the hien. Nd bao gdm cac lan dieu dan ca, dan nhac, cac loai nhac cu va am nhac trong nhflng dieu mua dan gian. K i t qua khao sat cac nghe nhan, nghe si tai Nam Bd, chung tdi xac dinh cd cau cac the loai am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bp- dan ca (Hinh 1) va dan nhac dan gian (Hinh 2).
Qua dd, chung ta nhan thiy ba loai hinh dan ca phd biin nhit trong ddi sdng ngfldi Khmer d cac tinh, thanh ciia Nam Bd la hat trong l l nghi phong tuc (17.6%), Chom rieng Cha pay (17.2%), hat ru (16.2); ba loai hinh dan nhac tieu bieu nhat la dan nhac Ngu am (11.8%), dan nhac day (10.8%) va dan nhac Chhay dam (10.1%). Am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd cd nhflng dac trUng rieng gdp phin quan trpng vao viec dinh hinh nin am nhac dan gian cd truyin Nam Bd ndi rieng, Viet Nam ndi chung, gdp phin bao tdn, k l thfla va phat trien nin am nhac truyen thong Viet Nam.
Qua quan sat thUc tiln, thu thap y kiln cac chuyen gia, nha khoa hpc, nha quan li, nghe nhan nghe sT va khao sat cac van ban cd lien quan, chung tdi khai quat thUc trang bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri van hda am nhac Khmer Nam Bp qua cac phUdng dien 12
TAP CKI KHOA HOC TRUflNG DJVI HOC T R A VINH, s 6 35, THANG 5 NAM 2019 VAN n6A - GIAO DIIC - NGH£ THliiT
• Chom neng Cha pay -- Hat D - o n g l J n ^ i phong
Hinh 1: Cd eiu the loai dan ca Khmer Nam Bd
DinnhvOiiBr Dan nliac t h l o e D ^ r t H U i « c 3 A
O^nhKUMrr.
Hinh 2: Co cau the loai dan nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd
cd ban: ehu trUdng, chinh saeh cua Dang va Nha nUdc; cdng tac dao tao, truyin day; cdng tac sUu tim, nghien cflu, gidi thieu; cdng tac tuyen truyen, quang ba am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd.
A. Chu trUdng, chinh sdch sdch cua Ddng vd Nhd nudc
Tfl De cUdng v l each mang van hda Viet Nam do Trung Udng Dang Cdng san Ddng DUdng, nay la Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, soan thao nam 1943 den nay. Dang ta ludn xac dinh van hoa la nin tang tinh thin cua xa hpi, la dpng lufc thuc day sU phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, la mdt muc tieu eua chu nghia xa hdi. Van hpc, nghe thuat la bd phan trpng ylu ciia nen van hoa dan tpc, the hien khat vpng cua nhan dan vl chan ~ thien - mi. Chu
trUdng xay dUng mdt nen van hda mdi Viei Nam mang tinh dan tdc, khoa hpc ludn dUflc Dang ta the hiSn xuyen suot, nhit quan qua cac ki dai hpi.
TrUdc nguy cd mai mot, danh mat ban sac van hda dan tdc trong bdi canh toan can hda, trong nhiing nam qua, van de bao ton, gin gifl va phat huy cac gia tri van hoa cua dan tdc ludn dUdc Dang, Nha nUde dac biet quan tam. Dang da ban hanh nhieu nghi quyet rieng vl van hda nghe thuat. Tieu bilu nhil Nghi quyet sd 05-NQ/TW cua Bp Chinh tri v l "Doi mdi va nang cao trinh dp lanh dao, quan li van hpc, nghe thuat va van hoa, phat huy kha nang sang tao, dUa van hpc, nghe thuat va van hoa phat trien len mdt bfldc m6i"
(28/11/1987); Nghi quyit so 04-NQ/HNTW Hdi nghi lin thfl Tu Ban Chip hanh Trunj Udng Dang (Khda VII) vl "Mdt sd nhien vtl van hoa, van nghe nhfl:ng nam trfldc mat'' I (14/01/1993); Nghi quyet Hpi nghi lan thii I Nam Ban Chap hanh Trung Udng Dang (khoa VIII) vl "Xay dung va phat trien nin van hda Viet Nam tien tien, dam da ban sac dSn tdc" (7/1998); Nghi quyit so 23-NQ/TWcua Bd Chinh tri v l "Tilp tuc xay dflng, phat trien van hpc, nghe thuat trong thdi ki mdi"
(16/6/2008)... Tai Dai hdi Dai bieu Toan quoe lin thfl IX (2001), Dang ta khang dinh:
"Xdy dung nen vdn hda tien tien, dam da bdn sac ddn tpc viia la muc lieu viCa la dpng lUc thiic day su phdt trien kinh te - xa hoi' [11, tr. 114]. Ddng thdi, mdt trong nhflng noi dung trpng yeu dUdc neu rd la "Bdo ton va phdt huy cdc di sdn van hda ddn tpc, cdc gid tri vdn hpc, nghe thugt, ngdn ngU, chii viei va thudn phong mi tuc cua cdc ddn tpc" [11, tr. 115]. Tiep dd, Nghi quyit sd 23-NQ/TW ngay 16/6/2008 eua Bd Chinh tri ve "Tiep tuc xay dflng, phat trien van hpe, nghe thuat trong thdi ki mdi", Dang ta da chi ro la phai cham lo, dai ngd xflng dang nhflng cdng hi6n cua dpi ngu van nghe si tai nang, dflc d6, sang tao, bieu dien nhieu tac pham nghe thuat cd gia tri phuc vu cdng chiing. Cac nghe si, dien vien dat danh hieu Nghe si Uu hi, Nghe si Nhan dan, doat giai thfldng Nha nfldc, giai thudng Hd Chi Minh vl van hpc, nghe thuSt xflng dang la nhflng dai dien tieu bieu cua
13
r * ? CHf KHOA HOC TRUdNG DAI HOC TRA VINH, s 6 35, THANG 9 NAM 2019 VAN HOA - GIAO DUC - NGHfi THU^T
nen nghe thuat nfldc nha.
^ Qua dd, chiing ta nhan thiy, vin d l bao tdn, gin giii va phat huy cac gia tri van hda cua dan tpc, dac biet la cac dan tdc it ngfldi, trong dd cd dan tdc Khmer Nam Bd, ludn dfldc Dang, Nha nfldc dac biet quan tam.
Ben canh do, nhflng chu trUdng dung dan va kip thdi cua Dang da tao dilu kien cho van hoa, van nghe Khmer Nam Bd dat dfldc nhieu thanh tiiu, dap flng mdt phan nhu ciu hfldng thu ddi song van hoa tinh than ciia ngfldi Khmer ndi rieng, cac dan tpc 6 Viet Nam ndi chung, ddng gdp tich cUc vao sU nghiep doi mdi dat nfldc.
Viec quan triet, van dung cac quan diem cua Dang ve bao tdn va phat huy cac di san van hda dan tdc dfldc trien khai bang nhilu giai phap cu the, tfl viec xay dflng va thflc hien cac van ban quy pham phap luat (nhfl Luat Di san Van hda) cua Nha nude den phat huy cao dp vai trd va siic manh tong hdp cua toan Dang, toan dan, cua mpi td chflc xa hdi. Hien thiic hda chu trUdng cua Dang, Chinh phu xay dflng va ban hanh nhilu chinh saeh dau tfl cho viec sUu tim, nghien cflu, gifl gin, phat huy gia tri cac loai hinh nghe thuat bieu diln truyin thong, tilp thu cd chpn lpc nhflng tinh hoa nghe thuat the gidi. Tieu bieu nhu Nghi dinh so 79/2012/ND-CP ngay 5/10/2012 quy dinh v l bieu dien nghe thuat, trinh diln thdi trang; thi ngUdi dep va ngudi m i u ; lUu hanh, kinh doanh ban ghi am, ghi hinh ca mua nhac, san khau va Nghi dinh so 15/2016/ND-CP ngay 15/3/2016 cua Chinh phli sfla ddi, bd sung mot so dieu cua Nghi dinh so 79/2012/ND-CP, cd hieu lUc tfl ngay 1/1/2017. Tfl nhflng quy dinh cua Chinh phu, cdng tac quan li hoat ddng bieu diln nghe thuat da cd nhflng chuyen bien tich cUc, di vao ne nep.
Nhflng chu trUdng, chinh saeh dung dan, thilt thuc va hieu qua ciia Dang va Nha nUdc ta thdi gian qua da gdp phin tao nen nhflng chuyen b i i n sau sac trong cdng tac dao tao, truyen day, phuc dflng, sflu tim, nghien cflu am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd. Nhflng kit qua dd dfldc ghi nhan qua Bang 1.
K i t qua khao sat d Bang 1 cho thiy thflc te cdng tac bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri am
nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd thUc hien dat hieu qua cao trong cdng ddng, dac biet la vl viec bdi dUdng chuyen mdn, nghiep vu sang tac, bieu dien, phUdng phap truyin nghe. Qua trao ddi vdi cac nghe nhan, nghe si, chiing tdi nhan thay:
Thfl nhit, nhilu chu trUdng, chinh saeh thiet thUc va dung dan ciia Dang va Nha nUdc chUa dUdc thflc thi mot each cd hieu qua d mdt sd dia phUdng nhu chinh saeh vinh danh cac nghe nhan, nghe si: Nghe nhan Dan gian, Nghe nhan Uu tu, Nghe nhan Nhan dan, Nghe si Uu tu Nghe nhan, nghe sT cdn nhieu khd khan trong viec tilp can vdi cac chinh saeh cua Nha nfldc, thu tuc hanh chinh edn rfldm ra. Vi vay, cac chl dp flu dai ddi vdi nghe nhan, nghe si van chUa dUdc thUc hien tdt. Sau khi dfldc vinh danh, da sd cac nghe nhan cdn song trong dilu kien khd khan, thilu thon, thieu mdi trfldng hoat dpng.
Hp vin phai "vat va mflu sinh", chUa dfldc hfldng h-d cip phu hdp, cudc sdng chUa dfldc dam bao de cd the cong hiln kinh nghiem ciia minh cho cdng ddng.
Thfl hai, viec hd trd, dau tu cua Nha nfldc cho hoat ddng bao tdn, phat huy cac gia tri am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bp vin chUa dap flng so vdi nhu ciu thflc tl; viec dau tfl ddi khi cdn dan trai, kem hieu qua.
B. Cong tdc dao tgo, truyen dgy Tren cd sd Nghi quyit Trung fldng 5 (khda VIII) vl xay dflng va phat trien nin van hda tien tien, dam da ban sac dan tpc, Thu tudng Chinh phu da ban hanh nhilu van ban nham day manh cdng tac dao tao dpi ngu tri thflc boat ddng trong linh vflc bao tdn, phat huy van hda - nghe thuat dan tdc thieu sd d cac c i p dia phfldng tren ca nfldc. Quyet dinh 1270/QD-TTg ngay 27/7/2011 phe duyet De an "Bao tdn, phat trien van hda cae dan tdc thieu so Viet Nam din nam 2020";
Quyet dinh sd 1243/QD-TTg ngay 25/7/2011 phe duyet Dh an "Ddi mdi va nang cao chat lUdng dao tao cua cac trUdng van hda nghe thuat giai doan 2011 2020", gin day nhit la Quyet dinh so 41/2014/QD-TTg ngay 21/7/2014 cua Thu tUdng Chinh phu
• P e r a KHOA HOC TRUbNG DAI HOC TRA VlNIi. s 6 35, THANG 9 NAM 2019 VAN H 6 A - ClAO DUC - NGHg Jmf.1
Bang 1: Hieu qua cac chu trUdng, chinh saeh cua Dang va Nha nfldc
Xin dng/Ba cho biet y kien cua ca nhan ve cac nhan dinli sau.
Cac nghe nhan, nghe si diJOc dao lao, boi dilSng ve chuyen mon, nghiep vu sdng tac, bieu diln. phifdng phap Iruyen ngh^
Cac nghe nhan, nghe si dtfdc ho irO day du va kip thcfi ve kinh phf sang lac, bieu diln am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bo
Dang. Nha nifdc thilc hi€n [6l chinh saeh Ihu hiil, ho trd, Ako lao lu'c li/Ong ke thiJa trong linh vi/c am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bo
Cdc nghS nhan, ngh? sT dilOc Dang, Nha nir6c vinh danh, khen thildng cong bflng, kip Ih&i va xilng dang C^c nghe nhan. nghe si dilOc lao moi trilclng thuan lOi trong hoat dong sang lac, bieu dien, truyen ba am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bo
Gia Iri trung binh
l.Sl
1.74
1.73
165
147
(Nguon; Tong hpp liY kel qua 3'iiu tra)
ban hanh "Vl che dp Uu dai doi v6i hoc sinh, sinh vien cac nganh nghe thuat truyen thong va dac thu trong cac tnidng viin hoa - nghe thuat". Theo do, sinh vien dUdc httcing nhieu chS do nhu giam hoc phf, boi dttSng nghe, cac trang thiet bi hpc tap. Cu the, sinh vien theo hpc tai cac cd scf viin hoa nghe thuat cong lap dupe giam 70% hpc phi, dupe hu5ng che dp boi duOng nghe vdi mi3c bang 40% suit hpc bong Idiuyen khieh toan phan/thang va dupe trang bi trang phijc hpc tap nhu quin ao, giay, tSt mpt nam mpt lin.
Nham dap Ung nhu cau phat tnen van hoa - xa hpi 6 Nam Bo, gop phSn dao tao ngudn nhan lUc cho dOng bao Khmer Nam Bp, bao ton cac gia tri ngon ngU, van hoa, nghe thuat Khmer Nam Bp, thang 10/2013, tai Cong van s6 8425A'PCP-KGVX cua Viin phong Chinh phii, Thu tudng Chinh phu da ddng y chii trUdng dau tU xay di/ng Khoa Ngon ngtt - Van hoa - Nghe thuat Khmer Nam Bp thuoc Trucjng Dai hpc Tra Vinh thiic hien nhiem vu trpng diem quoe gia dao tao ngudn nhan luc vS Ngdn ngfl - Van hoa - Nghe thuat Khmer Nam Bp.
Nhiing chii trUdng, chinh saeh ctia Dang, Nha nude da tao nSn tang va dieu kien thuan Idi day manh cong tac dao tao nguon nhan lite trong cac trudng dai hpc, cao dang, trung cip a Viet Nam. Nganh Bieu dien Nhac cu
Truyen thong ciia ngUdi Khmer Nam Bp da dUdc nhieu trudng to chiJc diio tao nhu nganh Bieu diln Nhac ctr Truyen thong (Dan nhac Ngu am Khmer) bae trung cap tai TrU6ng Trung cap Van hoa Nghe thuat Soe Trang;
chuyen ngiinh Bieu dien Nhac ctj Truyen thdng Khmer Nam Bd, bae dai hoc tai Tnidng Dai hpe Tra Vinh. Ben canh do, nhigu td chiic ca nhan da to chiic cac khoa boi du6ng, dao tao ngan han hay cac ldp truyen day nhil ldp diio tao diln vien, nhae cdng san khau Dii ke do Doan Nghe thuat Khmer Soc Trang phoi hdp v6i TrUdng Trung cap Van hoa NgM thuat Soc Trang to' chiic nam 2018; Sa Yw hoa. The thao va Du lich tinh An Giang to chiJc ldp truyin day dan Cha pay dong veng cho mdt sd thanh nien Khmer co nang khieu va dam me nghe thuat dan tpc do nghe nhan Chau Nung va nghe nhan Chau Hunh '0 xa 6 Lam, huyen Tri Tdn, tinh An Giang dam nhan nam 2014; v6i sii hd trd kinh phf cua dia phuong, nghe nhan Danh Trung Hieu (Hai ThudI) tai xa Ban Tan Dinh, huyen Giong Rieng, tinh Kien Giang da mfl 16p truyin day nhac Ngu am cho hdn 380 hpc vien...
Co the noi, nhd sii ho trd, khuyen khieh, dau as manh me ciia Nha nUdc tren nhieu phudng dien, cdng tac dao tao, truyen day ngudn nhan lilc trong linh vtlc nghe thual Khmer Nam Bp d nudc ta cd sU phat tri^n
TAP CHf KHOA HOC TRU6NG D^l HOC TRA VINH, s 6 35. THANG 9 NAM 2019 VAN HOA . GIAO DUC - NGUt T H U A T
dang ke ca ve chat lan ve lUdng trong nhflng nam gan day. Ben canh nhflng thanh tflu dat dfldc, cdng tac dao tao, truydn day thdi gian qua cung cdn khdng it khd khan, bat cap.
Thfl nhat, kat qua khao sat cho thay, cac nghe nhan, nghe si linh vuc am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd cd trinh do hoc van thap (Bang 2). Tdng sd nghe nhan, nghe sT dfldc khao sat da qua dao tao chuyen mdn tfl bae trung cap trd len chi chiSm 18.6% va cd 14.4% nghe nhan khdng biet chfl. Vi vay, sU han che vd trinh do, ki nang, dac biet la trinh dd va kT nang vd am nhac, vS sflu tam, nghien cflu da gay hd ngai it nhidu den mong mudn bao tdn, phat huy cac gia tri am nhac cua ddng bao dan tdc Khmer.
Thfl hai, do han che v6 trinh do hoc van nen cac nghe nhan, nghe sT chu ydu dfldc dao tao va giang day theo phuong phap truyen nghe, dfla tren kinh nghiem ea nhan. KSt qua khao sat eho thay phifdng phap trao - truy6n ngh6 theo kinh nghiem ca nhan chiem 55.7%, to chflc cae ldp truyen day vdi sfl tham gia cua cac nghe nhan, nghe sT chiem 23.1% va tham gia cac ldp dao tao, bdi dfldng d cac cd sd dao tao nghe thuat chiem 24.2%. Tfldng tfl, kdt qua khao sat ve "Cac nghe nhan, nghe sT dfldc dao tao, bdi dfldng ve chuyen mdn, nghiep vu sang tac, bieu diln, phfldng phap truydn nghe" cho thSy 33.8% tra Idi hoan toan ddng y, 53.2% tra Idi ddng y mdt phan, 11.7% tra Idi khdng ddng y va 1.4% tra Idi hoan toan khdng ddng y. Ti le nay cho thSy, da phan cac nghe nhan, nghe si tham gia chfla nhieu cac khda tap huSn, dao tao, bdi dfldng v6 chuyen mdn, nghiep vu.
Thfl ba, chinh ban than hoc sinh, sinh vien la ngfldi Khmer Nam Bd chfla thUc sU man ma vdi cac nganh hoc v6 nghe thuat truyen thong cua dan tdc. Tuy nhu eau ve ngudn nhan Iflc nghe thuat Khmer Nam Bd rk ldn nhflng nhieu cd sd dao tao chuyen nghiep vd nghe thuat Khmer Nam Bd lai ludn trong tinh trang thieu ngfldi hoc. Trfldng Dai hoc Tra Vinh la ndi duy nhat cua ca nfldc dao tao chuyen nganh Bieu dien Nhac cu truyen thong Khmer Nam Bd d bae dai hoc nhflng tdng sd Ifldng sinh vien dang theo hoc nganh nay tai Trfldng cung rat khiem ton va cd xu
Bang 2: Trinh do hoc van cua nghe nhan, nghe SI Khmer Nam Bd
Chiia qua dao lao/Khong biet chS Tieu hoc
Trung hoe eO s3
Trung hoc pho thong Trung cap Cao d i n g Dai hoc Thae si
Tong
So lUtfng
32 57 58 34 21 3 15 2 222
Ti le (%) 14.4 25.7 26 1 15 3 9.5 1 4 6.8 0.9
lOO.O
(Nguon: Tong hop tii ket qud dieu tra)
hudng giam dan qua cac nam. Tfl khda tuyen sinh dau tien (2012) den nay (2019), Nha trfldng da to chflc tam khda dao tao nhflng mdi chi cd 29 sinh vien dang ki theo hoc. So lui3ng sinh vien cac nam 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 va 2019 lin lUdt la:
10, 07, 03, 02, 01, 02, 02 va 02 sinh vien.
Mac du Nha trudng da cd nhieu ehinh saeh khuydn khieh hoc tap nhu cap hoc bdng tron gdi hoc phi cho toan khda hpe, mien 100%
tidn d Ki tuc xa cua TrUdng. hd trd sinh hoat phi mdi thang 450.000d/l thang/01 sinh vien (10 thang/nam hoc) va hfldng cae chd do Uu dai, hoc bong khuyen khieh hoc tap va cac ch6 do khae theo quy dinh hien hanh nhUng nhieu hoc sinh khdng chon nganh Bieu didn Nhac cu Truyen thdng Khmer Nam Bd hoae nhilu sinh vien vin bd hoc gifla chflng.
Hoc sinh, sinh vien ngfldi Khmer Nam Bp chfla man ma vdi cac nganh hoc v6 nghe thuat truydn thdng Khmer Nam Bp cd the xuSt phat tfl nhieu nguyen nhan khae nhau. Trfldc hdt day la nganh "ken" ngUdi hpc, ngUdi hpc phai cd nang khieu, td chit am nhac Khmer va niem dam me nghe thuat. Thfl hai la do sfl nhan thflc va hieu biet cua xa hdi v6 nghe thuat Khmer Nam Bd cdn han chd, din den viec Ifla chpn nganh nghd dao tao chUa tfldng xflng vdi vai trd, vi tri cua nganh nghe trong
TAP CHI KHOA HOC TRUONG DAl HOC TRA VINH, s 6 35, THANG 9 NAM 2019 VAN H 6 A - OIAO DVC • NOH$THU(l
xa hdi. Va thfl ba la trong cong tae hiyen truyen, dinh hfldng nghd nghiep, cac nganh nghe thuat Khmer chfla dfldc chu trong trong cac trfldng trung hpc, d cac dia phfldng va gia dinh.
Nhin ehung, cdng tac dao tao, bdi dfldng, truyen day am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bp hien nay chu yeu vin dfldc cdng ddng thfle hien mdt each W phat, dUa hen kinh nghiem ca nhan la chinh.
C. Cong tdc sUu tdm, nghien cihi, gidi thieu dm nhgc Khmer Nam Bo
Cdng tac sUu tam, nghien cflu dan ca, nhac khi Khmer Nam Bp thdi gian qua cung da dat dfldc nhieu thanh tflu quan h-png. Dang ehu y nhat trong nhdm nay la mdt loat saeh sflu tam, gidi thieu dan ca Khmer Nam Bp cua nhdm tac gia Lfl Nhit Vu, Le Giang, Nguydn Van Hoa. Cac cdng trinh nay dfldc thdc hien tfl nhflng thap nien 70 den thap nien 90 cua the ki XX. Ciing vdi viec sflu tam dan ca cac dan tdc Kinh, Hoa, cae tac pham dan ca Khmer Nam Bd ciing dfldc sflu tam, gidi thieu h-ong cae edng trinh: Ddn ca Nam Bp (1978) cua Lfl Nhat Vu va cdng sU [12], Ddn ca Hau Giang^ (1986) cua Le Giang va cdng sfl [13], Dan ca Cflu Long^ (1986) cua Lfl Nhat Vu va cdng sfl [14], Ddn ca Kien Giang (1985) cua Lfl Nhat Vu va cpng sfl [15], Ddn ca Song Be' ^ (1991) cua Lu Nhat Vu va cpng sfl [16], Ddn ca Trd Vinh (2004) cua Nguyin Tnic Phong, Lfl Nhit Vu, Nguydn Van Hoa, Le Giang [17]. Budc sang thd ki XX, nhidu cdng trinh sUu tam, tuyen chpn, gidi thieu van hpc dan gian cac dan tdc d Nam Bp dUdc
•"Thang 3/1976, linh Hau Giang (cu) difdc thanh lap tren cd sd hdp nhat ba ddn vi hanh chinh la tinh Can Thd, tinh Soc Trang va Thanh pho Can Thd. Ngay 26 thang 12 nam 1991, tinh Hau Giang difdc cliia thanh tinh Can Thd va tinh Soc Trang. Ngay 26 thang 11 nam 2003. tinh Can Thd tach Ihanh Thanh pho Can Thd triic thuoc Trung ifdng va tinh Hau Giang ngay nay.
^Tii nam 1976, hai tinh Vinh Long va Tra Vinh dtfdc nhap thanh tinh Cifu Long, den nam 1992. Quoe hoi quyet dinh chia tinh CU'U L:Ong thanh hai tinh, vdi ten goi cu la Vinh Long va Tra Vinh.
*Tinh Song Be dtfdc thanh lap ngay 2/7/1976 tren cd s6 sap nhap Thu Dau Mot, Binh Phtfdc va ba xa thuoc huygn Thii Diic Den ngay 1/1/1997, tinh Song Be dtfdc tach thanh hai tinh la Binh Dtfdng va Binh Phtf6c.
thfle hien, trong dd, dan ca Khmer Nam Bo it nhieu dfldc tap hdp trong cac cdng trinh, tieu bieu nhfl Vdn hoc ddn gian Bgc Lieu (2011) cua Chu Xuan Dien [18] va gin daj nhit cd tuyen tap 100 ldn dieu ddn ca Khmer (2004) do Nguyin Van Hoa sUu tam [19]. U hinh dung dien mao dan ca Khmer Nam Bo, chung tdi thong ke so Ifldng tac p h ^ dan ca Khmer Nam Bp tfl [13]-[17] va [19]. Ket qua, tdng s6 bai dan ca Khmer da dfldc silu tim va xuit ban la 348 bai. Trong do, khu vflc Ddng Nam Bp cd 50 bai va khu vflc TSy Nam Bp cd 298 bai. Cae bai dan ca Khmer Nam Bp da sflu tim thude cac the loai chu ylu nhfl hat ru (Bompe); hat U:ong 16 nghi, phong tuc; hat Du ke/Di ke, hat d6ng dao (Bot Chrieng Kdmara Kdma ray), giao huan ca (Chbap), hat giao duyen... Nhieu bai dan ca Khmer Nam Bd da dfldc cac tac gia ki Sm bang ndt nhae, dich nghia sang tieng Viet, Hiy nhien, cac bai dan ca da sflu tim van cdn thilu nhieu, chfla bao quat diy du cac die loai dan ca Khmer Nam Bd. Dac biet, cac tac gia chUa de cSp den ITnh vflc nhac khi Khmer Nam Bp.
Theo thdng ke dfldc tiln hanh tfl thang 2 d i n thang 8 nam 1999 cua Vien Am nh?c, cac dan tdc Khmer Nam Bp, Cham va Hoa cd 919 bai dan ca, 667 bai dan nhac, trong khi dd dan tdc Kinh cd 8.977 bai dan ca, 2.055 bai dan nhac, cac dan tdc thieu so viing Trfldng Sdn - Tay Nguyen cd 1.529 bai dan ca, 1.374 bai dan nhac, cac dan tdc thieu s&
vung nui phia Bae va Bae Trung Bd cd 5.466 bai dan ca [20]. Dilu nay cho thay, viec sOu tim, nghien cflu dan ca, dan nhac ciia ngiJtii Khmer cdn han c h l so vdi cac dan tdc khae d Viet Nam.
Nghien cflu ve nhac khi Khmer Nam Bo cung dat dfldc nhieu kit qua, dac bi6t la nghien cflu cua Pham Duy [21], Le Ngoc Canh [22], Nguyen Thi My Liem [23], Sdn Ngpc Hoang va cpng sfl [24], [25], Hoaflj Tiic [26]... Trong do, dang Iflu y la hai conj trinh Nhgc khi ddn tdc Khmer Nam Bo w Nhgc khi ddn tpc Khmer Soc Trdng. Cac CCD!
trinh da tien hanh phan loai, md ta chi lie tflng loai nhac khi cua ngfldi Khmer Nam Be
Qua khao sat cdng tac sflu tim, nghiS 17
TAI' CHI KHOA HOC TRUClNG DAI HQC TRA VINH, s 6 35, THANG 9 NAM 2019 VAN HOA - GIAO DUC - NGHfi THU^T
cflu. gidi thieu am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bp, chung tdi nhan thiy:
Thfl nhit, cdng tac sflu tim dan ca, dan nhac Khmer diidc thifc hien mot each cd he thong dien ra chu ylu vao thap nien 80 cua the ki XX, tflc each nay da hdn 30 nam. Cac sflu tim v l am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd hien chu ylu tap trung vao dan ca. Trong dan ca, nhilu the loai vin chfla dfldc sflu tam, mpt sd the loai mdi chi sUu tim dfldc mot so Ifldng rat han c h l so vdi thflc t l dang lUu truyin trong nhan dan nhfl Chom rieng Cha pay, dan nhac A rak... lYiy ngudi Khmer cd chfl viet rieng nhung cac bai dan ca, dan nhac chfla dfldc sUu tam va lUu gifl bai ban bang van tfl, saeh vd ma tdn tai chii ylu qua truyen mieng, hoac chi dfldc khai thae d sd it nghe nhan, nghe si va mang dam chit dan gian.
Thfl hai, viec thdng ke, phan loai, dinh danh cac the loai am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd cung chfla dfldc thflc hien mdt each cd he thong dfla tren cac ed sd h' luan khoa hpc va thUc tien. Viec xae dinh cac the loai, cd cau the loai, dac trflng, gia tri cua am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd cung chua dfldc thflc hien khoa hoc.
Thfl ba, trong mpt so cdng trinh sflu tam dan ca Khmer Nam Bp, viec dich thuat va ki am mdt sd bai dan ca, dan nhac cung cdn mdt sd nhim lin. Chinh vi vay, chung ta cin to chflc sflu tim, ki am cac tac pham dan ca, nhac khi Khmer Nam Bd mdt each cd he thong hdn. Viec xay dflng he thong thang am ieng de ki am cac bai ban dan ca, nhac khi Khmer Nam Bd nham truyen ba va bao tdn i m nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd la vd cung
]uan trong.
Tby cdn han chl nhflng nhflng cdng trinh ,ren la ngudn tfl lieu cd gia tri va cin thiet
;ho cdng tac nghien cflu, truyen day va dao jao am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd.
D. Cdng tdc tuyen truyen. qudng bd 'i Thflc t l thdi gian qua, nhilu td chflc, ca
ihan da nd Iflc bao tdn, truyen ba am nhae lan gian Khmer trong ddi song cac dan tdc d Mam Bd bang nhilu hinh thflc khae nhau nhu idi thi, hpi diln, lien hoan, cac chfldng trinh
Bang 3: Cac hinh thflc h:uyen ba am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd
Dai truyen hinh Cac doan. doi, nhoin. cau lac bo nghe thuat
Dai phat Ihanh Cac loai bang, dia Cac cd s6 dao tao, nghiSn cilu ve nghe thuat
Cac ca nhan, gia dinh Cac tnsbng dan loc noi tru Cac irang mang \ a hoi Cac loai lai lieu giay Cac loai hinh bao dien tit Tong
So littfng 192
171
163 128
127
114 103 100 95 69
Ti If (%) 15.2%
13 5%
12.9%
10.1%
10.1%
9 0%
8 2%
7.9%
7.5%
5.5%
100%
(Ngudn: Tong hOp tU ket qud dieu tra)
phat thanh, truyen hinh bang tieng Khmer...
Nam 2013, Hdi Nghe si San khau Viet Nam da chu tri phoi hdp vdi Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Soc Trang td chflc "Lien hoan San khiu Du ke Khmer Nam Bd lin thfl nhit". Nam 2018, Ban Truyen hinh tiing dan tdc - Dai Truyin hinh Viet Nam va Dai Phat thanh - Truyin hinh Sde Trang phoi hdp to chflc lien hoan dan ca Khmer khu vflc Dong bang sdng Cflu Long lin thfl 1 tai tinh Soc Trang. Cac dai phat thanh, truyin hinh: VTV5 Tay Nam Bp, Dai Phat thanh - Truyin hinh Soc Trang, Dai Phat thanh - Truyen hinh Tra Vinh... khdng ngflng san xuit va phat sdng cac chUdng trinh bang tieng Khmer, trong do, nhilu the loai am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd dfldc ghi hinh va trinh chiiu nham phuc vu nhu cau cua ngudi dan. Ben canh do, nhilu trfldng phd thdng dSn tdc ndi tru, ndi cd ddng hpc sinh Khmer cung thfldng xuyen td chflc cac budi sinh hoat am nhae dan gian Khmer Nam Bd. Viec to chflc cac hdi thi, hdi diln vdi quy md toan qudc gdp phan gidi thieu sfl ddc dao cua am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bo tdi
TAP CHI KHOA HOC T K U 6 N G DAl HOC TRA VINH. s 6 35, THANG 9 NAM 2019 VAN H 6 A - GIAO DVC - NGH$ THUjl
xa hdi. Va thfl ba la trong cdng tac tuyen truyen, dinh hfldng nghe nghiep, cac nganh nghe thuat Khmer chfla dfldc chii trpng trong cac trfldng trung hpc, d cac dia phfldng va gia dinh.
Nhin chung, cdng tac dao tao, bdi dUdng, truyen day am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bp hien nay chu ylu van dUdc cdng ddng thflc hien mdt each W phat, dfla tren kinh nghiem ca nhan la chinh.
C. Cong tdc sUu tdm, nghien cvCu, gidi thieu dm nhgc Khmer Nam Bp
Cdng tac sflu tam, nghien cflu dan ca, nhac khi Khmer Nam Bd thdi gian qua cung da dat dfldc nhieu thanh tflu quan trpng. Dang chu y nhit trong nhdm nay la mdt loat saeh sflu tam, gidi thieu dan ca Khmer Nam Bp eua nhdm tac gia Lfl Nhit Vu, Le Giang, Nguyin Van Hoa. Cac cdng trinh nay dfldc thflc hien tfl nhflng thap nien 70 din thap nien 90 cua the ki XX. Cung vdi viee sUu tim dan ca cac dan tdc Kinh, Hoa, cac tac pham dan ca Khmer Nam Bd ciing dUdc sflu tam, gidi thieu trong cac cdng trinh: Ddn ca Nam Bp (1978) cua Lfl Nhat Vu va cdng sfl [12], Ddn ca Hdu Giang'* (1986) cua Le Giang va cdng sfl [13], Dan ca Cflu Long^ (1986) cua Lu Nhit Vii va cpng sU [14], Ddn ca Kien Giang (1985) cua Lu Nhit Vii va cdng sU [15], Ddn ca Sdng Be'^ (1991) cua Lu Nhit Vu va cdng sfl [16], Ddn ca Tra Vinh (2004) cua Nguyen Tnic Phong, Lfl Nhat Vu, Nguyin Van Hoa, Le Giang [17]. Bude sang thi ki XX, nhieu cdng trinh sflu tam, tuyen chpn, gidi thieu van hpc dan gian cac dan tdc d Nam Bd dfldc ''Thang 3/1976, tinh Hau Giang (cu) dtfdc thanh lap tren cd sd hdp nhat ba ddn vi hanh chi'nh la tinh Can Thd, tinh Soc Trang va Thanh pho Can Thd. Ngay 26 thang 12 nam 1991, tinh Hau Giang dtfdc chia thanh tinh Can Thd va tinh Soc Trang. Ngay 26^thang 11 nam 2003, tinh Can Thd tach Ihanh Thanh pho Can Thd trtfc thu6c Trung tfdng va tinh Hau Giang ngay nay.
^^Ttf nam 1976, hai tinh Vinh Long va Tra Vinh dtfdc nhap thanh tinh Cifu Long, den nam 1992, Quoe hoi quyet dinh chia tinh Cifu Long thanh hai tinh, v6i ten goi cii la VTnh t^ng va Tra Vinh.
''Tinh Song Be dtfdc thanh lap ngay 2/7/1976 trSn cd sd sap nhap Thu Dau Mot. Binh Phtfdc va ba xa thuoc huyen Thu Diic, Den ngay 1/1/1997. tinh Song Be dtfdc t^ch thanh hai tinh la Binh Difdng va Binh Phtf6c.
thuc hi^n,, trong do, dan ca Khmer Nam Bo It nhilu dfldc tap hgp trong cac cdng trinh, tieu bi^u nhfl Vdn hpc ddn gian Bgc Liin ( 2 0 U ) cua Chu Xuan Dien [18] va gin day nhat CO tuyen tap 100 ldn dieu ddn ca Khmer (2004) do Nguyin Van Hoa sflu tim [19]. De hinh dung dien mao dan ea Khmer Nam B6, chung tdi thong ke so Ifldng tac p h ^ dan ca Khmer Nam Bp tfl [13]-[17] va [19]. Ket qua, tdng sd bai dan ca Khmer da dfldc silu tam va xuit ban la 348 bai. Trong do, khu vflc Ddng Nam Bd cd 50 bai va khu vflc "Ky Nam Bd co 298 bai. Cac bai dan ca Khmer Nam Bp da sflu tam thude cac the loai chu ylu nhfl hat ru (Bompe); hat trong ll nghi, phong tuc; hat Du ke/Di ke, hat ddng dao (Bot Chrieng Komara Kdma ray), giao huin ca (Chbap), hat giao duyen... Nhieu bai dai ca Khmer Nam Bp da dfldc cac tac gia ki am bang not nhac, dich nghia sang tieng Viet Tuy nhien, cac bai dan ca da sflu tam v3n cdn thieu nhilu, chfla bao quat day du cac the loai dan ca Khmer Nam Bd. Dac biei, cac tac gia chfla d l cap din ITnh vflc nhac khi Khmer Nam Bo.
Theo thong ke dfldc tiln hanh tfl thang 2 din thang 8 nam 1999 cua Vien Am nhac, cac dan tdc Khmer Nam Bd, Cham va Hoa cd 919 bai dan ca, 667 bai dan nhac, trong khi dd dan tdc Kinh cd 8.977 bai dan ca, 2.055 bai dan nhac, cac dan tpc thilu so vui^
Trfldng Sdn - Tay Nguyen cd 1.529 bai d5ii ca, 1.374 bai dan nhac, cac dan tdc thieufso vung nui phia Bae va Bae Trung Bp cd 5.464 bai dan ca [20]. Dilu nay cho thay, viec sifti tam, nghien cflu dan ca, dan nhac c0a ngitcii Khmer cdn han c h l so vdi cac dan tpc khae d Vidt Nam.
Nghien cflu vl nhac khi Khmer Nam Bfi cung dat dfldc nhilu kit qua, dac biet la nghien cflu cua Pham Duy [21], Le Ngoc Canh [22], Nguyen Thi My Liem [23], Sdn Ngpc Hoang va edng sfl [24], [25], Hoanf Tuc [26]... Trong dd, dang Iflu y la hai C6D|
hinh Nhgc khi ddn tdc Khmer Nam Bg vfl Nhgc khi ddn tpc Khmer Sde Trdng. Cic C6D|
trinh da tiln hanh phan loai, md ta chi tie) tflng loai nhac khi cua ngudi Khmer Nam Bo Qua khao sat cdng tac sUu tam, nghiet
•Al> CHI KEIOA HOC TRUING DAI HOC TRA VINH. SO 35. THANG 9 NAM 2019 VAN HOA - GIAO DUC - NCHfi THUAT
;flu. gidi thieu am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam 3d, chung tdi nhan thiy:
Thfl nhit, cdng tac sflu tam dan ca, dan ihac Khmer dUdc thUc hien mdt each cd he hdng dien ra chu ylu vao thap nien 80 cua :hl ki XX,^tflc each nay da hdn 30 nam. Cac mu tim ve am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd hien chu yeu tap trung vao dan ca. Trong ian ca, nhieu the loai v i n chila dfldc siiu tim,
•not s6 the loai mdi chi sflu tam dUdc mdt sd
>fldng r i t han che so vdi thUc t l dang Iflu :ruyen trong nhan dan nha Chom rieng Cha 3ay, dan nhac A rak... Tuy ngUdi Khmer cd :hfl viet rieng nhflng cac bai dan ca, dan nhac
;hfla dfldc sflu tim va lUu gifl bai ban bang /an tfl, saeh vd ma tdn tai chu ylu qua truyin nieng, hoac chi dfldc khai thae d so it nghe ihan, nghe si va mang dam chat dan gian.
Thfl hai, viec thdng ke, phan loai, dinh lanh cac the loai am nhac dan gian Khmer Nfam Bp eung chUa dfldc thflc hien mdt each
;d he thdng dfla tren cac cd sd li luan khoa
•lpc va thflc tiln. Viec xac dinh cac the loai, d ciu the loai, dac tnfng, gia tri cua am ihac dSn gian Khmer Nam Bd cung chfla ifldc thuc hien khoa hpc.
- Thfl ba, trong mot sd cdng trinh sflu tim lan ea Khmer Nam Bd, viec djch thuat va i.i am mdt so bai dan ca, dan nhac cung cdn not sd nhim lin. Chinh vi vay, chung ta cin S chflc sflu tim, ki am cac tac pham dan
a, nhac khi Khmer Nam Bp mot each cd he hdng hdn. Viec xay dflng he thong thang am ieng de ki am cac bai ban dan ca, nhac khi Ihmer Nam Bp nham truyin ba va bao tdn :m nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd la vd cung
uan trong.
Tby cdn han che nhflng nhflng cdng trinh vxn la ngudn tfl lieu cd gia tri va cin thilt ho cdng tac nghien cflu, truyin day va dao
•io am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bp.
). Cdng tdc tuyen truyen, qudng bd Thflc te thdi gian qua, nhilu td chflc, ca han da nd Iflc bao tdn, truyen ba am nhac an gian Khmer trong ddi sdng cac dan tdc d jam Bd bang nhilu hinh thflc khae nhau nhfl di thi, hpi diln. Hen hoan, cac chfldng trinh
Bang 3: Cac hinh thflc truyin ba am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd
Dii iruyen hinh C^c doan, dpi. nhom, cau lae bo nghe thuat
Dai phdt thanh Cac loai bang, dia Cac cd sd dao lao, nghien cihi ve nghe thual
Cac ci nhan. gia dinh Cac infffng dan toe noi trii Cac Irang mang ;ta hoi Cac loai [ai lieu giay Cac loai hinh bao dien til Tong
S§ lirtfng 192
171
163 128
127
114 103 100 95 69
Tf Je (%) 15 2%
13 5%
12,9%
10.1%
10 1%
9 0%
8 2%
7 9%
7-5%
5.5%
100%
(Ngudn: Tong hpp tit ket qud dieu tra)
phat thanh, truyen hinh bang tiing Khmer...
Nam 2013, Hdi Nghe si San khau Viet Nam da chu tri phdi hdp vdi Uy ban Nhan dfin tinh Sde Trang td chiic "Lien hoan San khiu Du ke Khmer Nam Bd lin thfl nhit". Nam 2018, Ban Truyin hinh tiing dan tdc - Dai Truyin hinh Viet Nam va Dai Phat thanh - Truyen hinh Sde Trang phdi hdp td chflc lien hoan dan ca Khmer khu vUc Dong bang sdng Cflu Long lan thfl 1 tai tinh Sde Trang. Cac dai phat thanh, truyin hinh: VTV5 Tay Nam Bd, Dai Phat thanh - Truyin hinh Sde Trang, Dai Phat thanh -- Truyen hinh Tra Vinh... khdng ngflng san xuit va phat sdng cac chitdng trinh bang tiing Khmer, trong dd, nhilu the loai am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd dfldc ghi hinh va trinh chieu nham phuc vu nhu cau cua ngfldi dan. Ben canh do, nhilu trfldng phd thdng dan tdc ndi tru, ndi cd ddng hpc sinh Khmer cung thfldng xuyen td chflc cac budi sinh hoat am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bp. Viee to chflc cac hdi thi, hdi diln vdi quy md toan quoe gdp phin gidi thieu sfl ddc dao cua am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd tdi
.P CHI KHOA HOC TRUCiNG DAl HOC TRA VINH, s 6 35. THANG 9 NAM 2019 VAN HOA - GlAo DUC - NGHfi THUAT
cdng chung trong va ngoai nfldc. Ddng thdi, day cdn la dip de cac nghe si gap gd, trao ddi kinh nghiem nham bao tdn va phat huy loai hinh nghe thuat truyin thong cua dan tdc, gdp phin d l cao van hda, cai dep va cac gia tri nhan van, tinh doan kit hflu nghi cua cac dan tdc.
Nham danh gia hieu qua ciia cac hinh thflc lUu gifl, truyin ba am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd hrong cdng ddng, chflng tdi tien hanh khao sat vdi cau hoi "Theo Ong/Bd, dm nhgc ddn gian Khmer Nam Bp ngdy nay dUdc luu truyen hieu qud qua cdc phuong tien ndo?'' Ket qua thu dfldc nhfl Bang 3 cho thay, hinh thflc lUu truyin hieu qua chu yeu la thdng qua dai truyen hinh, dai phat thanh; cac doan, dpi, nhdm, cau lac bd nghe thuat Khmer; cac cd sd dao tao, nghien cflu vl nghe thuat.
E. Nguyen nhdn ve thUc trgng bdo ton vd phdt huy cdc gid tri vdn hda dm nhgc ddn gian Khmer Nam Bp
Iby cdng tac bao tdn va phat huy gia tri am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bp thdi gian qua ludn dfldc Dang, Nha nUdc quan tam, khuyen khieh, ho trd va tao dieu kien phat trien nhUng nhilu loai hinh van cd nguy cd mai mdt, danh mat ban sac. Dilu nay xuit phat tfl nhilu nguyen nhan khae nhau. Qua phan tich, kit hop vdi kit qua khao sat y kiln cac nghe nhan, nghe si, cac nha quan li, dao tao, chflng tdi xac dinh nguyen nhan mai mdt cua cac loai hinh am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bp thdi gian qua chu ylu la do sU tac ddng cua cac thilt bi dien tfl, phUdng tien nghe nhin hien dai; sfl tac ddng cua cac the loai am nhac, chfldng trinh giai tri hien dai;
sU thay ddi vl thi hieu am nhac cua ngiJdi dan; sif tac ddng cua nen kinh tl thi trfldng...
Ket qua nay phu hdp vdi nghien cflu cua Sdn Ngpc Hoang [4], Bui Cdng Ba [5]. Ben canh dd, cac nghe nhan, nghe si khdng ddng tinh y kiln cho rang npi dung, hinh thflc am nhac dan gian hien nay kem hip din. Ket qua khao sat dtfdc the hien qua Bang 4.
Nhflng khd khan trong viec truyen day am nhac dan gian Khmer tai dia phfldng hien nay chu ylu van la thilu cd sd vat chit, kinh phi va dpi ngu ke thfla.
V. KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI Qua kit qua dieu tra, khao sat am nhac ddn gian Khmer Nam Bp trong nam 2018-2019.
chflng tdi nhan thiy:
Thdi gian qua, tuy Dang, Nha nfldc da co nhilu chu trfldng, chmh saeh khuyin khieh, hd trd cdng tac bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bp nhiing thflc te, thflc trang mai mdt, danh mit ban sac ddi vdi mdt so loai hinh am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bp la cd thilc. Viec mot s6 loai hinh am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam B6 mai mdt do nhilu nguyen nhSn chu quan va khaeh quan khae nhau. Dd la do sfl tac d6ng cua xu hudng toan c i u hda din tdi sij thay ddi thi hieu tham mi cua ngfldi dan; sfl tac dpng cua cac phfldng tien nghe nhin hien dai, cua eae the loai am nhac khae; sfl thay doi cua mdi trUdng dien xUdng...; ben canh do, cdng tac bao tdn va phat huy fim nhac d2n gian Khmer Nam Bd thdi gian qua chu yeu dUdc thUc hien theo hfldng tfl phat, sfl lUu truyen theo phUdng thflc truyin mieng gan vdi cac nghe nhan, nghe si. Cac hinh thfe sUu tim, nghien cflu, gidi thieu, dao tao tuy da dUdc thUc hien nhflng cdn han che. Tfi thUc trang tren, chflng tdi kiln nghi cac ct) quan chflc nang can:
Thfl nhat, tilp tue hoan thien he thong chinh saeh phap luat nham khuyin khi'ch moi to chflc ca nhan tham gia vao cdng tac bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd; c i n cd chinh saeh vinh danh cac nghe nhan, nghe sT cd tai nang, co cong hiln cho am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam B6;
diu tfl ddng bp cd sd vat chat, kinh phi cho cac doan nghe thuat Khmer trpng diem; cung cd va duy tri cac dpi, nhdm, cau lac bp, doan nghe thuat Khmer chuyen va khdng chuyen d cac khu vflc cd ddng ngfldi Khmer sinh song d khu vflc Nam B d . . . ; xay dflng nha dien tap doan nghe thuat Khmer tai cac dia phfldng, khuyen khieh phong hao van ngh^
quan chung phat trien.
Thfl hai, tang cUdng cdng tac tuyen truyen, giao due nham nang cao nhan thflc cua cQng ddng. Gan kit bao ton vdi phat hien kinh te du lich tai cac dia phfldng nham nSng cao
T;^P CHf KHOA HOC TRUdNG DAI HOC TRA VINH, S > 35, THANG 9 NAM 2019 VAN H 6 A - GlAG DUG - N C H | THUAT
Bang 4: Nguyen nhan mai mdt ciia cac loai hinh am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bd
NguyeD nhan 1. SiJ tac dong cua cac Ihiel bj dien tfi, phifdng lien nghe nhin hien dm 2 Sa tac dSng cua ciia cac the loai am nhac, chi/dng trinh giai tri hifn dai
3. Sir Ihay ddi ve th; hieu am nhac cua ngil6i dan 4 SiJ tac dSng cua nen kinh le thi trUftog
5 SLT IKU truyen Iheo phiTdng thiic truyen mieng gan vdi cac nghe nhan, nghe si
6. Sir phoi h<)p giOa c^c cd quan quan h'. cd sd dao lao. cac nghe nhiin, nghe sT va ngiXdi dan chiia ioi 7 Chtia giai quyet tot m6i quan he gijla bao Ion va ph^l Irien
8. Thieu moi IrifJlng dien xi(6ng, dien lau
9. Cac cd quan quan li, c i c c^p chi'nh quyen dia phiTdng chiia quan tam, diu Id dung mile 10. Sil bien doi cija khQng gian va mSi Irdcfng diln xi/6ng
11. Cac cd sd giao due. dao tao v^ i m nhac khong man ma v6i nganh 3m nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bp 12. SU tac dong cua tinh hinh chinh d i . van boa - xa h^i
13. Cong dong chila hi^u hei •j nghia sau s i c ciJa am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bo 14. Cong dong it quan lam den am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bo
15. N6i dung, hinh thilc kem hap dan va kho hieu
Gia t r i t r u n g binh 1.30 1.31 1,36 1.36 143 1.47 1 49 1 56 1.57 1.58 1.67 1.68 1 8 3 1.90 2.12
(Nguon: Tong hpp tii kit qud dieu tra)
ddi song cho ngfldi dan.
Thfl ba, vl cdng tac dao tao, truyin day, trong ^'U kien kinh phi khd khan, trfldc mat, Nha Uu : can tang cfldng dau tfl phuc dflng, truyen day mpt sd loai hinh nghe thuat cd nguy c6 bi mai mdt cao nhfl Chom rieng Cha pay, ddng dao, hat ru, giao huin ca, dan Cha pay dong veng, Dan nhac A rak.
Thfl tfl, to chflc sflu tam, nghien cflu va dich thuat cac tac pham am nhac dan gian sang cac ngdn ngfl khae nhfl tieng Viet, tiing Anh. Viec td chflc dich thuat se gdp phin dfla am nhac dan gian Khmer Nam Bp din cdng ' chung trong va ngoai nfldc.
I Ldl CAM ON
Bai viit dfldc thflc hien tfl ngudn kinh phi thflc hien dl tai khoa hpc va cdng nghe cip Bd: Bdo tdn vd phdt huy cdc gid tri vdn hoa dm nhgc ddn gian Khmer Nam Bp. Chung tdi chan thanh cam dn Bd Giao due va Dao
tao, Trfldng Dai hoc Tra Vinh da hd trd kinh phi va chan thanh cam dn cac cdng tac vien da nhiet tinh hd trd thflc hien dl tai.
TAI LlfiU THAM KHAO
[1] Ban Chi dao Tong Dieu tra Dan so Nha d Trung ifdng.
Tong diiu tra dan so va nha d Viet Nam ndm 2009;
2010.
[2] Thaeh Mu Ni. Cac loai hinh nghfi thuat cua d6ng bao Khmer Nam Bo - Thi/c trang va giai phap. Tap chi Khoa hoc Trudng Dai hoc Trd Vin/i. 2014;13:18-26.
[3] Nguyen Dang Hai, Pham Thi To Thy. Dao tao nguon nhSn lUc nghe thuat Khmer Nam Bo viing Dong bang s6ng Ciiu Long, Trong: Nghe thudt dm nhgc phuang Bong: Bdn sac vd gid tri. Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh:
Dai hoc Quoe gia Thanh pho Ho Chi Mmh; 2014. tr.
420-430.
[4] Sdn Ngoc Hoang. Thilc trang nghien ciiu, siAi tam va truyen day nhae khi dan gian Khmer Nam Bo.
Trong: Kt yeu hoi thdo khoa hoc- Bdo Ion va phdt huy gid Iri vdn hoa dm nhac ddn gian Khmer Nam Bo - Thiic Irang va gidi phdp. TrUcing Dai hoc Tra Vinh, 20i9,
20
TAP CHf KHOA HOC TRl/dNG DAI HOC TRA VINH. SO 35. THANG 9 NAM 2013 VANHOA-GlAODOC-1
[15]
[i6J
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
Bill Cong Ba. Viec nghien ciiu bao t6n va phat huy gia tn am nhac va san khau dan gian Khmer Nam Bo d tinh Kien Giang. Trong: Kiyeu hot thdo Idioa ligc:
Bdo ldn vd phdt huy gid tri van hoa dm nhac ddn gi- an Khmer Nam Bg - Thuc trang vd gidi phdp. Tr\ibng Dai hoc Tra Vinh. 2019. tr. 65-72.
LSm VTnh Phuldng. Kinh nghiSm Iruyen day, dao tao doi ngu sang tac, bieu dien loai hinh san khau Dii ke tai Soc Trang Tap cht Khoa hoc TrUdng Dai hgc Trd Vmh 2014;13:68-73.
Nguyen Thi My Liem. Moi quan he giiia bao ton va phat min am nhac dan gian trong boi ednh hiSn nay Trong: Kiyeu hgi ihdo Uioa hgc • Bdo ton vd phdt huy gid Iri vdn hoa dm nhac ddn gian Khmer Nam B6 - ThUc Irang vd gidi phdp. Tru'cJng Dai hoc Tra Vinh;
20l9.tr. 26-31.
Thaeh Mii Ni, Moi quan he giita bdo tSn va phat trien, gifla truyen thong va hien dai, gifla ban sac va tiep nhan trong Sm nhac dan gian Khmer Nam B6 trong bSi canh hien nay. Trong, Kiyiu hgi thdo tdioa hoc:
Bdo ton va phdt huy gid tri van hda dm nhgc ddn gi- an Khmer Nam Bd - ThUc Irang vd gidi phdp TrUcfng Dai h9c Tra Vinh, 2019, tr, 41-45.
Le Tiln Tho, Bao ton va phat triin nghf thuSt san khau Dii ke Khmer Nam Bo - di san van hoa dan toe. Tap chi Khoa hoc TrUdng Dai hoc Trd Vmh.
2014; 13:27-31.
Phan Thi Thu Hien, Nguyen Thi Hien, Bao ton, phat huy nghe thuat san khliu diin gian gan vdi du lich (tfl kich mua mat na Hahoe Han Quoe den nhflng gdi y cho Dii ke ciia midn lay Nam B6 Viet Nam) Tap chi Khoa hgc TrUdng Dai hoc Trd Vinh. 20]4;13:39-4^7.
Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Vdn kien Dai lidi dgi biiu loan quoe iSn thi( IX Ha N6i, Nha Xuat ban Chinh tri Quoe gia, 2001.
Lfl Nhat Vu, Le Giang, Nguyin Van Hoa, Ddn ca Nam Bg. Thanh ph6 Ho Chi Mmh: Nha Xuat ban Van nghe; 1978
Lfl Nhat Vu, Le Giang. Nguyen Van Hoa. Minh Luan.
Ddn ca Hdu Giang. Hau Giang: Sci Van hoa Thong tin Hiu Giang, 1986.
Lfl Nhat Vu. Nguyen Van Hoa, Le Giang, Thaeh Han.
Ddn ca Cihi Long. Cflu Long: S& Van hoa Tliong tin Cflu Long; 1986.
Lfl Nhit Vii, Nguyen Wan Hoa, Le Giang, Ddn ca Kien Giang. S6 Van hoa Thong tin Ksen Giang; 1985.
Lfl Nhit Vii, Nguyin Van Hoa, Le Giang, Tfl Nguyen Thaeh, Ddn ca Song Be. Song Be: Nha Xuit ban long hdp Song Be; 1991.
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