Hdi nghj Khoa hgc vd Cong nghj biin todn qudc lan thi: V
CAC RAO CAN TRONG TRIEN KHAI QUAN LY TONG HgTP DOfI BOf HIEN NAY 6 VIET NAM
Hu-a Chien Thing, Tran Minh Cdng, Pham Van Huy
Trung tam Quy hoach, Dieu tra, Ddnh gia tai nguyen - mdi trudng Bien va Hai dao, Tong cue Biin va Hdi dao Viet Nam; 125 - Trung Kinh, Trung Hda, Cdu Giiy, Ha Ndi
Email: hcthangfgtgmail.com Tdm tit
Qudn ly tong hgp ddi bd (QLTHDB) la phuang thicc qudn ly nhdm dgt muc tiiu hieu qud trong sic dung cdc tdi nguyin vd gid tri chung cho phdt triin tgi ddi bd, QLTHDB dugc tap trung thiit ki vdo xdy dung co chi diiu phdi nhdm long ghep hogt dgng vd huy dgng sic tham gia cua cdc ben lien quan, tic do se gidi quyet cdc mdu thudn. ldm hdi hda lgi ich giua cdc ngdnh, ca quan vd cdc ben lien quan trong sic dung tdi nguyin, khdng gian ddi bd vd bdo v^ mdi trudng.
Trong khodng JO ndm trd lgi day, Viet Nam da dp dung thic nghiem QLTHDB thdng qua cdc md hinh trinh diin, thi diim vd th\cc te tgi dia phuang, ban ddu da cd nhirng thdnh cong nhdt dinh. Tuy vgy, khi dp diing triin khai rgng rai hon con ton tgi mgt sd khd khdn, thdch thicc, do Id cdc rdo cdn do thieu ca chi dieu phdi. ca sd vgt chdt cdn hgn chi, thiiu ca sd phdp ly, nhdn luc cdp tinh cdn mdng vd yiu, ngudn kinh phi thuc hiin cdn it. v. v.
Bdo cdo se dua ra de xudt nhiing biin phdp thdo gd nhihig rdo cdn dd thdng qua mgt sd dinh hudng vi chinh sdch
Abstract
PRESENT BARRIES TO INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAM
ICZM is a method of the management which aims to reach an effective utilization on the coastal resources and common values for the coastal development. ICZM focus on establishment of the coordinating mechanism in- order to have the integration and involvement of all stakeholders, from that the conflicts on the coastal resources use are solved, and coastal environment protection, the balance of benefits in using the coastal resources and space between sectors and communities are set up.
During last 10 years, Vietnam has been implemented ICZM in reality through the ICZM demonstration and pilot sites in some selective coastal provinces and cities, and have a good result for learning
However, scaling up ICZM in Vietnam there are several challenges and difficulties need to be overcome because of lacking the coordinating mechanism, shorts in financing, lack of needed legal, weakness on capacities and experience especially at provincial level etc..
The report tries to suggest the Vietnam policy directions on ICZM in-order to deal with challenges and difficulties in recent time.
Tieu ban Sinh thdi, Moi trudng vd qudn ly Biin
I. GI6I THIfU CHUNG
Qudn ly tdng hgp ddi bd (QLTHDB) Id phuong thiic quan ly nhim dat hieu qua cao trong sir dyng cdc tdi nguyen va cac gia tri chung tgi ddi bd, gidm thilu tdc ddng cd hai din con ngudi vd mdi trudng, tren ca sd hai hda lgi ich giiia cdc nganh, co quan vd cdc b§n lien quan khac nhau; dugc thiet ke de khic phyc tinh phan tan trong each tilp can qudn ly don ngdnh vi$c khai thac cdc ngudn tdi nguyen, tap trung vao xdy dyng co chi dilu phdi, phii hgp va huy ddng sy tham gia cua cac ben lien quan, gidi quylt cac mdu thudn giGa cac nganh, cac co quan trong sii dyng tai nguyen, khdng gian chung tai ddi bd cho cac myc dich khdc nhau. QLTHDB Id qua trinh lien tuc tien trien, nham dat dugc sy phat triin ben vihig.
Chuong trinh Nghi sy 21 dugc thdng qua tai Hdi' nghi Thugng dinh todn ciu vl Mdi trudng tai Rio de Janero 1992 (Rio 92), da thira nhdn QLTHDB nhu la mdt md hinh thich hgp cho su phat trien ben vung (PTBV) va keu ggi cdc qudc gia cd hiln cin dp dyng. Hdi nghj thugng dinh toan cau ve phdt trien ben vung tai Johanesbourg 2002 mdt lin niia khdng dinh tdm quan trgng vd nhu ciu thiet thuc cua QLTHDB. Cdc chinh phd cimg cam ket hanh dgng d tat ca cac cap do (dia phuong, qudc gia, khu vyc va toan ciu), trong dd cd vi?c tang cudng quan ly tdng hgp, da nganh, da ITnh vyc ddi vdi viing biin khoi va ddi bd; ^ khuyen khich va giup dd cac qudc gia ven bien xdy dung ca chS, chinh sach QLTHDB.
Nhung no lyc trong quan ly ddi bd theo each tiep can tdng hgp bit diu each day khodng 4 thdp ky vdi sy ra ddi ciia Uy ban Bao tdn va Phat trien vinh San Phrancisco, Hoa Ky (1965) va Bg ludt ve c^udn ly ddi bd cua Hoa Ky (1972). Tuy nhien, chi sau H5i nghj thugng dinh todn ciu ve Mdi trudng tai Rio de Janero, cdc chuong trinh, dy an QLTHDB mdi thyc sy dugc xay dyng va trien khai rgng rai d Hoa Ky, Uc, da sd cac qudc gia chdu Au va cdc chau lyc khdc. Nhieu qudc gia khu vyc nhu Han qudc, Trung Qudc, Sinh-ga-po, Phi-iip-pin...vd Viet Nam trong khudn khd Chuang trinh hgp tac khu vuc viing bien Ddng A ve quan ly mdi trudng (PEMSEA) da dp dyng rdng rai each tiep can QLTHDB trong vi?c giai quy§t cac vin dl vl tai nguyen, mdi trudng va phat trien tai vimg bien va ven bien ciia minh.
QLTHDB dugc gidi thieu vdo Viet Nam tir dau thap ky 90, each tiep can nay dugc dp dung thli nghiem thong qua mgt sd dy an qudc gia va qudc te, khdi ddu bang Du dn tang cudng nang lyc Quan ly viing ven biin cdp tinh (PCM, 1995-1998) do Sida tai trg. Ba dy an dp dung QLTHDB theo mdt chu trinh qudn ly day du da dugc thuc hien tgi Vi?t Nam la Dy an Diem trinh dien Qudc gia vl QLTHDB ciia PEMSEA tgi Da Ndng, Dy an Viet Nam - Ha Lan ve QLTH ddi ven biin Vift Nam (VNICZM 2000-2006) va Dy dn QLTHDB tai Quang Nam do Bg TN&MT tai trg. Din nay, QLTHDB dugc coi la cdch tilp cgn phii hgp trong quan ly TN&MT ddi bd, hudng tdi PTBV. Nhieu tinh ven bien da bay to nhu cau dugc dp dung QLTHDB tai dia phuong minh.
Nam 2007, Thu tudng Chinh phu dd ph6 duyet "Chuong. trinh qudn ly tdng hgp dai ven biin vimg Bdc Trung Bd vd Duyen hdi Trung Bg din ndm 2010 vd dinh hudng din ndm 2020" (ggi tit Id Chuang trinh 158). Chuong trinh dugc thyc hien tgi 14 tinh, thanh phd hvc thugc Trung uang vimg Bic Trung Bg va Duyen hai Trung Bg, bao gdm: Thanh Hda,
Hgi nghj Khoa hgc vd Cdng ngh? biin todn qudc lan thir V
Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thira Thien Hue, Da Ndng, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh, Phii Yen, Khanh Hda, Ninh Thuan va Binh Thudn. Myc tieu cua Chuang trinh nham tang cudng nang lyc quan ly, bdo ve, sii dung va khai thac tai nguyen, mdi trudng, phuc vu phdt trien ben vimg cac tinh, thanh phd tryc thudc Trung uong vung Bic Trung Bg vd Duyen hai Trung Bd thdng qua dp dung phuong thiic QLTHDB; Tao hanh lang phap ly, hinh thanh co che, chinh sach ya tang cudng ngudn lyc, co sd ky thugt dl tl chiic thyc hien vd trien khai QLTHDB tai tat cd cdc tinh, thanh phd tryc thugc Trung uong thudc vimg Bac Trung Bg va Duyen hdi Trung Bd; Mdt trong nhihig muc tieu quan trgng cua giai doan den 2010 Chuong trinh la xdy dyng khung chinh sach, co sd phap \<i va tang cudng vl mat to churc de ho trg cac nganh va cac dia phuang triin khai QLTHDB, tung budc idng ghep QLTHDB vao hogt dgng khai thac, sir dung TN&MT tai cdc tinh ven bi6n miln Tnmg.
Dd la nh&ng ly do ca ban, tryc tiep va ca sd phap Iy quan trgng de dua chuang trinh QLTHDB hd trg tdi cac tinh ven bien mien Trung trong quan ly tai nguyen, mdi trudng ven bien, ddp ung nhu cdu khai thdc, sir dung chung mdt cdch hi^u qua, hdi hda, lau bin cua cac nganh, dia phuang vd cac ben lien quan khac nhau, ho trg phdt trien kinh tS, xoa ddi, gidm ngheo, giam thieu tac hai cua thi€n tai, hudng tdi phat trien ben vimg ciia timg dia phuang, ciing nhu toan khu vyc va ket qua se dugc nhan rgng trSn pham vi cd nude.
Qua cdng tac khai thac ngudn tai lieu va thdng tin tir cac dy dn qudc tl vd Vi6t Nam va cua cac de tdi nghien ciiu ve QLTHDB, cac vdn lifu va ngudn tai lieu tir mgt sd vien nghien ciiu lien quan trong nude vd cua Tdng cue Bi6n va Hai dao Vi$t Nam, dgc biet la thdng tin tir nhiing chuyen khdo sat thuc dia tgi dja phuong vira qua nhu Quang Ninh, Hai Phdng, Thanh Hda, Nghe An, Ha TTnh, Quang Binh, Thira Thien Hul, Da Ndng, Quang Nam, Khanh Hda, Binh Thuan, Ba Ria-Viing Tdu, Cd Mau vd Kien Giang thugc cac dy an ciia Tdng cyc bien va Hdi dao Viet Nam de trien khai Chuong trinh 158, nhdm tac gid co gang dua ra nhung phan tich ve gdc do chinh sach ddi vdi nhimg thudn lgi, khd khan trong triin khai QLTHDB d dia phuong, tir dd 6.k xuit vl chinh sdch vl QLTHDB cin dugc dp dung cho Viet Nam.
II. NHITNG R A O CAN VE QLTHDB HIEN NAY VA DE XUAT CAC CHINH SACH THAO GOf
1. Ve CO* chi va to chiic
&. Hoan canh thugn lgi: Tdng cue Biin va Hdi ddo Viet Nam true thudc Bg TN&MT dugc thanh Igp (theo Quylt dinh sd 116/2008/QD-TTg, 27/8/2008 ciia Chinh phu) Id co quan dau mdi qudc gia trong qudn ly tdng hgp vd thdng nhit vl hiln vd hdi ddo cua ViSt Nam. Tdng cue cd 14 don vi tryc thudc, trong dd cd cdc dan vi quan ly vd sy nghiep co chiic ndng nhiem vu va hogt ddng vl QLTHDB; Cac phdng/chi cyc biin va hdi ddo 6 cac So TN&MT thugc tinh va thdnh phd ven biin dugc thdnh lap, dugc giao nhi?m vu lam diu mdi td chiic thyc hien quan ly nha nude vl biin dao, trong dd cd QLTHDB;
b. Nhihig rao can: Chua cd ca chi dilu phdi vl QLTHDB d trung uong; cdc mdu thuin giGa cac ngdnh vl su dyng TN va BVMT cdn id tdn tgi Idn trong^ qudn 1;^ va BVMT bien; Chua cd chinh sach, chiln luge vd hudng din ky thugt cho td chiic vd thyc hien
Tieu ban Sinh thdi, Mdi trirdng vd qudn ly BiJn
QLTHDB, ddc biet d dia phuong, vi the cac tinh rat khd khan trong vi$c triin khai QLTHDB; Chua cd chuc nang nhiem vy cu the ve QLTHDB ma mdi d muc chung chung, vi thi qudn ly tai nguyen biin dang theo nganh (dugc hilu la quan ly thdng nhdt), dang dugc dp dyng lam cho viec su dyng tai nguyen biin "bin vGng" cdn xa vdi, la mdt thach thuc Idn, ca d trung uong va cdp tinh; Chua cd sy phdi hgp, lien kit giGa trung uang vd cdc tinh, vi thi viec ting ket va nhan rgng cac md hinh thuc tl da cd rit ylu; mdu thudn giua Igi ich cac bd vd cac tinh trong su dung TN&BVMT biin la mdt tdn tai, do viec phat trien ndng vd quyen lgi ciia mgt ngdnh, chua cd co chi nhim hdi hod lgi ich cac ben hoac uu tien cho lgi ich ldu dai; Hoat dgng phdi hgp giGa cac cip con rdi rac, ylu kem; Khdng cd sy dilu phdi va "lien kit vimg" trong quan ly tai nguyen va bao ve mdi trudng; QLTHDB chua.thuc sy dugc coi trgng vd co sd vdt chit, ky thugt cdn thieu;
t,. Chinh sdch di xudt:
Tang cudng bg may qudn ly vd td chuc thyc hien vl QLTHDB, theo md hinh hai cip va lien vimg (md hinh VNICZM) nham tang cudng dilu phdi giGa trung uang vd tinh/thanh phd vd giGa cdc cdp:
> Q trung uang, can thanh lap Ban chi dgo (BCD) qudc gia, td chuyen vien lien ngdnh qudc gia, van phong QLTHDB; Hdi ddng tu van QLTHDB qudc gia;
> Q cap tinh, can thanh lap ban chi dao tinh, td chuyen vien lien nganh tinh, nhom chuyen gia tu vdn da ngdnh tinh, van phdng QLTHDB trong Sd TN&MT, don vi diu mdi QLTHDB d tinh;
^ Trung uong va tinh: Co che lien ket giGa trung uang, tinh va lien viing (co chS hgp tac, thdng tin, phdi hgp vd chuyen giao....) thdng qua cac du an vung.
2. Ve Luat phap:
a Hoan cdnh thuan lgi: Nghi djnh cua Chinh phu ve quan ly tdng hgp vd thdng nhat tai nguyen va m6i trudng biin va hdi ddo (sd 25/2009/ND-CP, ngay 6/3/2009), trong dd cd diem vl QLTHDB ; Thdng tu Lien bd ciia ciia Bd TN&MT vd Bd Ngi vy hudng dan ve viec thanh lap chi cyc biin va hao ddo d cac dia phuang ven bi6n (sd 26/20i0/TTLT-BTNMT-BNV, ngdy 5/11/2010), cd djnh bien tren 10 ngudi. Vi thi cd thi sd dyng 5-6 bien chi cho QLTHDB; Thdng tu cua Bg Tai chinh (sd 50/2008/TT- BTC, ngdy 12/6/2008) hudng dan ve tai chinh cho thuc hien Chuong trinh 158; Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng dang chu tri xay dyng dy thao luat Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng bien, trong do cdc ndi dung cho QLTHDB da dugc dua vao nhieu hon, cy the ban.
h Nhihig rdo cdn: Chua cd cdc van ban dudi lugt de thyc hien Nghi djnh 25/2009/ND-CP ve QLTHDB ap dung d quy md ca nude; Chua cd hudng ddn cy the cho Sd TN&MT d cdc tinh ven bien ve td chuc, chuc nang nhiem vu va bien che cho QLTHDB; Chua cd cdc cdng cu ky thudt vd hudng ddn cho viec triin khai chu trinh QLTHDB d cdp tinh;
Co ehl dieu phdi QLTHDB chua cd frong cac quy djnh lugt phap hien hanh; chi dg chi tieu tai chinh cho boat d0ng quan Iy nhu, dp dyng cho ban chi dgo, td chuyen vjen lien nganh, vdn phdng QLTHDB chua dugc xdc dinh trong thdng tu 50 ciia Bd Tai chinh.
Hgi nghj Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi biin todn quoc lan thu V
c Chinh sdch de xudt:
Dua vao mgt sd dilu vl QLTHDB vao dy thao Ludt Tdi nguydn vd Mdi trudng biin, trong do chu trgng din co ehl dieu phdi.
Xay dung va ban hanh mgt sd van ban dudi luat d dang nghi dinh, thdng tu nham hudng dan thyc hi?n QLTHDB.
Ban hanh van bdn hudng ddn cho viec kien toan td chiic, chGc ndng, nhiem vu va quyln hgn vl QLTHDB cho cac chi cue Biin va hdi ddo cua cac Sd TN&MT tinh/thanh phd
Ban hanh thdng tu hudng din hogc bd sung vao Thdng tu so 50/2008/TT-BTC vl chi do chi tieu tai chinh danh cho hoat ddng dilu phoi: cac hgng myc chi tieu dp dung cho hoat dgng thudng ky, dot xuit va luong kiem nhiem/bien chi cua BCD, td chuyen vien lien nganh, van phdng QLTHDB vd nhdm chuyen gia tu vdn ky thuat.
3. Ve nhan sy va ndng lyc:
a. Hoan canh thugn Igi: Da cd mgt s6 bien chi quan ly va sy nghiep vl QLTHDB trong T5ng cyc Biin va Hdi ddo Viet Nam; Ci mgt sd Sd TN&MT da cd cdn bg chuyen Gach hogc kiem nhiem vl QLTHDB trong phdng/chi cue biin ddo; Mdt sd chuyen gia d Trung uang vd tinh/thanh phd cd kiln thuc va kinh nghi?m vl QLTHDB (nghien cGu, ddo tao va thyc hien QLTHDB d cac quy md khac nhau)
b. NhGng rdo can: Lyc lugng mdng va thilu kinh nghiem ve quan ly biin d cd 2 cap; Rat it can bg d trung uang cd chuySn mdn sau ve biSn va QLTHDB; Kinh nghiem quan ly nhd nude noi chung vl TN&MT biin cdn ylu kem; Nen tang ve dao tao cua cdn bg dang lam cdng tac qudn ly biin d dja phuong it phu hgp, thudng dugc thuyen chuyen tu nganh dia chi'nh va quan ly dit dai sang, mdi dugc bilt vl QLTHDB d thdi gian gin day; Nang lyc chi dgo xay dung va td chdc thyc hien QLTHDB la cdn yen kem, dgc biet Id d cac dia phuang chua dugc tham gia cac du an ve QLTHDB.
(,. Chinh sdch di xudt:
Cd chinh sach uu tien tilp nhan can bd cd chuyen mdn thich hgp nhu ve khoa hgc cdng nghe bien, mdi trudng, ngudn lgi bien, lugt phap bien...) lam viec tai cdc dcm vi quan ly bien va hdi ddo d cdc cap;
LTU tien bdi duang nghiep vy chuyen mdn ve bien, qudn ly bien va QLTHDB cho cac cdn bg dang cdng tac tgi cac don vi trong ngdnh quan ly bien vd hdi dao cua ca nude.
Ddnh mdt sd bien che (5-6) lam cdng tac ve QLTHDB tronp bg phdn (phdng QLTHDB) d cac chi cyc bien va hai ddo tinh, cd chinh sach uu tien bd tuc cho nhdm can bd nay vl QLTHDB
4. Ve dao tgo:
a. Hodn canh thugn lgi: Mdt sd trudng dai hgc cd gidng dgy ve QLTHDB, nhu Dgi hgc Qudc gia Hd Ngi, bai hgc Thuy lgi, Dai hgc khoa hgc Hul, Dgi hgc Nha Trang, ...; Mdt sd dy an qudc tl da td chGc cac ldp tap huin cho viec quan ly va nghien cim khac nhau
Tiiu ban Sinh thdi, Mdi trudng vd qudn ly Biin
trong QLTHDB nhu: ICM Da Ndng, VNICZM, In Went, NOAA, Sida, MCD/Deltares,...
nhung cin dugc tdng ket, danh gid va due rut kinh nghiem de ap dyng; Cyc BVMT da td chGc mdt sd cugc tap hudn cho cdn bg cdc Sd TN&MT (nganh mdi trudng), Id kinh nghiem rat quy gid; Dao tao ciia Ting cyc Bien va Hdi dao Vi6t Nam va PEMSEA dugc td chGc hang nam, can tan dyng vd nit kinh nghi$m tir boat dgng dao tao ndy.
b. Nhihig rao can: Chua cd ^iao trinh chung cho cac tnrdng dai hgc, chu yen la cac trudng tu xay dyng trong khudn khd kien thGc, kinh nghiem va ngudn lyc cua nhd trudng; Chua CO chuang trinh tap dao tao rieng cho cdn bg qudn ly cua ngdnh TN&MT, mdc du giao trinh nay phdi ggn han so vdi giao trinh cho sinh vien dai hgc; Tai lieu hd Gg cho dao tao nhu phim tai lieu, cac kich ban ve md hinh thyc te cdn thieu; Chua cd phuang phdp dao tgo thich hgp cho ddi tugng tai ehGc, la cdc cdn bg quan ly; Thieu cdn bd gidng day cd kinh nghiem va kien thGc thyc te ve ITnh vyc qudn ly; Dao tao khdng dung ddi tugng, chua uu tien cho lyc lugng tham gia Gyc tiep viSc td chuc thyc hien QLTHDB, kinh phi ddo tgo con rit ban che; dac biet la ngudn kinh phi tu TLT cho cac dia phuang
c Chinh sdch di xudt:
Xay dyng va timg budc thyc hien chuang trinh ddo tgo ve QLTHDB d cdc cip cho cdc dii tuong uu tien trSn ca sd kien thGc va kinh nghiem cua cdc dy dn Gong va ngoai nude vua qua va hi$n nay
Cd ca chi loi keo cac nhd khoa hgc, cac co quan khoa hgc. cdc nhd quan 1^ cd kinh nghi$m vd co sd ddo tgo vao hoat dgng dao tgo ve QLTHDB d cac cap
Xdy dyng ddi ngu giang vien ndng cdt; tai li?u, giao trinh, kjch bdn trien khai va phuang phap dao tgo phu hgp, dac biet Id phuang phdp "cung tham gia"
Hgi nhap qudc tl trong tap huin, dao tgo (phuang phap, gido trinh, giang vi6n, tai lieu hd trg,.. .nhim nang chit lugng dao tgo ngang tim khu vyc)
5. Ve nhan thuc va kinh nghiem
a. Hoan canh thudn lgi: Nhgn thdc chung kha tot d TLT bao dam cho phd biin vd dp dyn^
QLTHDB dl dang hon so vdi trudc ddy; Dd cd kinh nghiem cua mgt sd chuang trinh ve truyin thdng, nhu cua du an trinh dien ICM Da Ndng vd dy an Viet Nam - Ha Lan vl QLTHDB (VNICZM Thua Thien Hul, Bd Ria - VGng Tau, Nam Djnh) dugc td chdc ca d hai cip...
b. NhGng rdo can: Kinh nghiem thyc tl trong triin khai QLTHDB cdn rit hgn ehl d cac cap khac nhau, nhilu khi dugc hilu mgt cdch don gidn hogc nham lan giGa khoa hgc va quan ly, cd khi coi QLTHDB nhu bien phap qudn ly cua mgt ngdnh, bao triim len cac ngdnh khac; QLTHDB chua thyc sy la uu tiSn trong quan ly biin mac du dugc thua nhdn Id hihi ich; Chua nhan dugc sy ung hg d muc can thiet ciia lanh dgo cac cap, d TU" cung nhu d linh; Chua tilp thu diy du kit qud vd kinh nghiem cua cac md hinh qudc te, chua duy tri va phat huy dugc thdnh qua cua cdc dy an nay do tu tudng le thugc vao ngudn kinh phi tdi trg cua nude ngoai.
Hdi nghi Khoa hgc vd Cdng ngh? biin todn qudc Idn thu V
L. Chinh sdch di xudt:
Nhanh chdng xdy dyng va thyc hien chuong trinh truyen thdng tdng hgp thudc "Chuong trinh qudn ly tdng hgp ddi ven bien vung Bdc Trung Bd va Duyen hai Trung Bg din nam 2010 va djnh hudng din nam 2020" (theo quyet djnh sd: 158/2007/QD-TTg ciia Thu tudng Chinh phu)
Xay dyng mgng ludi truyen thdng va h5 trg boat d^ng truyen thdng QLTHDB d cdc cip, ling ghep vdi cdc hogt dgng cda ngdnh TN&MT
Hudng dan vd khuyin khich cdc dia phuang xay dyng vd thyc hien cac chuong trinh truyen thdng tdng hgp.
Hudng img tudn ll bien Viet Nam dugc td chuc hang nahi cd long ghep hoat ddng cu thi.
6. Ve Tdi chinh va ke hoach
a. Hoan canh thugn lgi: Nhiem vy ke hogch, lugng kinh phi vd ngudn kinh phi dugc xac djnh khd rd rang va cu the trong "Chuang trinh quan ly tdng hgp dai ven bien viing Bdc Trung Bd va Duyen hai Trung Bd d6n ndm 2010 vd djnh hudng din nam 2020"; Thdng tu 50/2008/Tr-BTC hudng dan viec sG dyng kinh phi nham thao ga cac khd khan Gong lap va thyc hien ke hogch ve tai chinh trong trien khai "Chuang trinh; Cac ngudn kinh phi khdc dang cd trong he thdng ngan sach danh cho cac hogt dgng nhu khoa hgc va cdng nghe, truyen thdng, ddo tgo,..". cua cac nganh hGu quan va ODA lien quan khac hoan toan cd the ldng ghep vdi hogt dgng td chGc thyc hien QLTHDB.
b.NhGng rdo cdn: Nang lyc xay dyng, thdng qua vd thyc hien kl hogch la rit lung tiing a cdc capdtung uong va dja phuang do nhieu li do khac nhau, Gong do sy thilu kinh nghiem la yeu td ndi troi nhat; Ngudn kinh phi tai dja phuang ddnh cho QLTHDB cdn rit it; Kinh phi chodtung uang khdng cd khoan hd trg dia phuang mac du chi la kich thich; Hang myc ke hoach cho QLTHDB la rat mdi, vi the he thdng dp dung djnh mGc de xdy dyng ke hoach va thyc hien khdng phu hgp vdi tinh chdt mem deo cua QLTHDB.
c. Chinh sdch de xudt:
Trung uang cdn hudng dan cac dia phuang trong lap va trien khai kl hogch QLTHDB dai han, 5 nam vd hdng nam, thdng qua viec dich vu ky thugt, tap huin va ban hanh tai Heu hudng dan.
Cd ngudn kinh phi/hang muc ke hoach vl QLTHDB thugc ngudn su nghiep BVMT.
Bd sung che do chi tieu tai chinh cho boat ddng dilu phdi QLTHDB d cac cip.
7. Ve ho trg ky thuat va chuyen giao
a. Hoan cdnh thuan lgi: Chuang trinh PEMSEA da tich luy dugc khdi tai li?u, kinh nghiem va chuyen gia vl dao tgo qudc tS va Viet Nam; NOAA vdi chuyen gia, kinh nghiem vd ho trg ky thugt; EU vdi chuyen gia, kinh nghiem vd phuang thGc hgp tdc dii tdc; Mgt sd chuyen gia tai Viet Nam da hgc tap d nude ngoai, d§ kinh qua triin khai
Tiiu ban Sinh thdi, Mdi trudng vd qudn ly Bien
QLTHDB tgi cac don vi sy nghiep, nghien ciiu va dao tgo; Md hinh va khung chu trinh QLTHDB cua PEMSEA dugc chap nhdn ldm ca sd triin khai d cip tinh; Bdi hgc thyc te cua cac du an Qudc te: QLTHDB Da Ndng va VNICZM triin khai thdnh cdng d cdc tinh tham gia; Cac md hinh khdc cd ^ nghia Gong nghien cGu, dao tao va kinh nghiem cho budc chuan bj ddi vdi nhan rgng QLTHDB;
b.. Nhung rdo can: QLTHDB dugc hieu chua sau vd dugc hilu rit khac nhau, nhilu khdi niem chung (vi dy nhu chua thdng nhat ve phgm vi ddi bd; hoac QLTHDB la phuong thuc cho quan ly so vdi vif c coi QLTHDB cbi Id di tdi kit qua la mdt quy hogch/phan vung sir dung ddi bd,...) cdn dang tranh cdi ngay cd trong gidi khoa hgc vd qudn ly;
Trao doi kinh nghiem cd dugc do hgp tdc hien nay cdn rit hgn chi, ndm rai rac do chua ' kit ndi vd chia se (mgng, thu vien, hdi thdo,...); Nhilu tinh chua timg nhdn dugc ho trg qudc te ve quan ly bien ndi chung va QLTHDB ndi rieng; Chua thuc sy loi keo dugc chuyen gia "thyc hdnh", cd kinh nghiem md viec loi keo nay chua theo nguyen tdc dugc tham chieu theo li Ijch khoa hgc va che do dai ngd thich hgp.
c Chinh sdch di xudt:
Thanh lap nhdm chuyen gia "task force" qudc gia giup thyc hien QLTHDB va dao tao can fag, ddc biet cho cap tinh.
Thanh lap va ho trg hogt dgng td chuyen gia tu van da nganh ve QLTHDB d cac tinh ven bien cd trien khai (theo md hinh cdc dy dn Diem Ginh dien qudc gia d Da Ndng hodc Viet Nam-Ha Lan - VNICZM 2000-2006)
Xay dyng trang mang QLTHDB Viet Nam va thu vien QLTHDB d Tdng cue Bien vd Hdi dao Vi$t Nam de chia se thdng tin vd kinh nghiem;
Co chinh sdch loi k^o cdc nha khoa hgc, cdc co quan chuyen mdn nhim dao tao, chuyen giao kj^ thudt vd kien thGc cho cac nhd qudn ly dia phuang lam ve QLTHDB.
Trung uong lam xuc tac giup tgo mdi quan he tiep nhan kinh nghiem qudc te va cac tinh di trudc cho cdc tinh khdc.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bd Tdi nguyen va Mdi trudng, 2006. Dy thdo bdo cdo "Chuang trinh QLTH dai ven bien vung Bic Trung Bd vd Duyen hai Trung bd den nam 2010 va djnh hudng den nam 2020".
2. Chua Thia-Eng, 2006, The Dynamics of Intergrated Coastal Management (Tai lieu djch), Published by the GEF/UNDP/IMO/PEMSEA.
3. Cue Bdo ve Mdi Gudng/Dy dn VNICZM, 2004 va 2006. Cac Bao cao tdng kit nhiem vu 1, pha 1 vd pha ciu ndi Dy an VNICZM.
4. HGa Chiln Thing, Trin Minh Cdng, Pham Van Huy, Trin Duy K I , Pham Trin .Minh, Le Vdn Khiln vd nnk, 2010. Trung tam Quy hogch, Dilu tra, Danh gid Tdi nguyen - mdi trudng Bien va Hai ddo. Cac bao cdo cac chuyin khdo sat tai cdc dia
Hgi nghi Khoa hgc vd Cdng ngh? bien todn qudc lan thic V
phuang trong Chuong trinh 158: Binh Thudn, Khanh Hod, Dd Ndng, Qudng Nam, ThGa Thien H u l , Nghe An, Thanh Hda. Qudng Ninh, Hai Phdng.
HGa Chiln Thing, Ndng Thi Nggc Minh, Nguyen Minh San, 2003. Budc ddu Giln khai dy an trinh diln d i l m q u i c gia ve quan ly tdng hgp vGng bd tai Da Nang.
Tdng cyc Mdi trudng, 2007. "Qudn ly tdng hgp ddi bd, kinh nghiem qudc te vd thyc tiln triin khai d Viet Nam".
Ngirdi dgc nhdn xet: PGS. TS. Tran Ddc Thgnh
