7ld lididi fikdfi. Iti4l S<S6(33?^ u20
HIEU Liic CUA HOP DONG CHIA Till SAN CHUNG VO CHONG
TRONG THOII KY HON NHAN
• ThS. VU TH| THANH HUYfeN *
Tom tit: Sfr ra dai va phdt trien ciia hpp dong chia tdi sdn chung vp chong Irong ihai f^y ^ h? qud tdt yeu vi mgt phdp ly ciia sv thira nhgn che dp tdi .sdn rieng ciia vp, chdng. ripp ' t, y ^ nhOng diem khd khdc bi?t so vdi cdc lopi hpp ddng thdng thuang ve cd phirang dii'n giao Ke, c chi tai dai vai sir vi phpm. Trong nhimg sir khac biet do. sir khdc bipt vi phirang difu liif" h'C ' " « ' *'""^
bipt Idn nhdl vd co hpu qud Ian doi vai quan hp gia dinh vd doi vdi xd hpi.
Abstract: The birth and development of a contract of common pmperly division of husband and wife during the marriage period is a legal consequence of the recognition of the husband and wife s separate property regime. This contract has quite different points from normal types of contract in terms of conclusion, validity and sanctions for violations. Among those dijjcrences, the difference in effect is the biggest difference and has great consequences for family relations and for .society.
1. Din nh^p
Gia dinh la mgt che dinh gin bd vdi ddi sdng ciia mpt x i hpi cu the. Nd phan anh nhimg die diem truyen thong, van hda ciia xa hpi dd sat thuc vi sau sac. Chang h?n: Khdan 5 Diiu 2 Luat Hdn nhin \a gia dinh nam 2014 khing dinh nguyen tie "Ke thira, phit huy truyin thong van hda, dao dire tot d?p ciia din tpc Vi?t Nam ve hdn nhan va gia dinh". Do dd, phap luat vi hon nhan vi gia dinh cd nhimg khac biet giira cic he thing phap luat ciia cac nude khic nhau mac dii eic he thdng niy diu xem luat gia dinh li mdt chi dinh CO bin cua luit m hay luit dan su. Trong quan he gia dinh, ngoai tinh cam thieng lieng, thi vin di hdn sin kha phiic tap nhung phu thugc khi nhiiu vio nhung die diem rieng ciia che dinh gia dinh d timg nude. Nha lim luit ciia moi quoc gia deu lua chpn chi do hon sin phii hgp vdi dieu kien
EEI Ddn chii & Phdp lu$t
kinh ti - xa hpi, tip quan, truyen thong va nguyen vpng cua cic cap vg chdng'. Hgp dong chia tai sin chung ciia vg chdng trdng thdi ky hdn nhin vi mat khoa hpc phap ly ndi chung khdng phai la vin d i mdi ciia phap luat ve gia dinh d nhiiu nude tren the gidi. Nhung do cac dac diem rieng eua tirng che dp hdn nhan xay dtmg tren cac nin tang xa hpi v i phap luat khac nhau nhu tren, nen hop ding chia tii sin chung ciia vg ching trong thdi ky hon nhan ndi chung va hieu luc cua loai hgp ddng nay ndi rieng d cic nude tren thi gidi mi thira nhan loai hpp dong nay khdng hoin toan ddng nhit vi quan niem.
6 Vi?t Nam, budc vao thdi ky dii mdi, quan niem vi gia dinh phong kien vi quan niem gia dinh theo kiiu xa hgi chu nghia cii dang din din bi thay thi bdi mpt quan ni?m gin gji i,^^ ^^j nin kinh t i thi trudng va hgi nhap quj^, ^^ ^ ^
\fm. HdiM phdp, iudt S6 6 (339) - 2020
thay ddi ve quan nipm nay chii yeu dien ra trong moi quan hp tai sin giua cac thanh vien gia dinh doi vdi nhau vi giua gia dinh vdi nhirng ngudi ngoii gia dinh. Bai vay, d Vipt Nam hipn nay, da thira nhan vipc chia tai sin ciia vp chdng trong thai ky hdn nhan ma vdi phip luat ve hdn nhan vi gia dinh trudc kia van cdn la mpt vin Ac kha xa ig. Cho nen, khi nghien cuu hipu lyc cua hpp dong chia tai san chung vp chong trong thdi ky hon nhan theo phip lugt Vipt Nam can chii y tdi cic van de sau: (i) Hipu lyc cua hpp ddng chia tai san chung vp chong trong thdi ky hdn nhan li mpt van de thupc lugt tu cd moi lien hp khdng the tach rdi vdi cic van de phap ly chung cua hpp dong, tai sin va gia dinh; (ii) Hpp ddng chia tai san chung vp chdng trong thdi ky hdn nhan ndi chung vi hipu Ipc ciia hpp dong nay ndi rieng khong the tach rdi che dp hdn san theo mpt hp thong phap lugt cy the.
2. Khii nifm v i d§c diem hi^u lyc ciia hpp ding chia tki san chung vg* chong trong thdi ky hon nhSn
PGS.TS. Ngd Huy Cuong chi ra khai niem hi?u lyc cua hpp ddng theo nghia rpng bao gdm cac van de nhu thi hanh hpp dong, giii thich cho y chi ciia cua cac ben tham gia quan hp hpp dong va kiem che ho^c bio dam cho viec bieu Ip y chi, theo nghia hep bao gom thi hanh hpp ddng va giai thich cho y chi cua cua cac ben tham gia quan hp hpp ddng2. Tic gii Vu Van Miu da xac dinh rd rang ve pham vi cua hieu luc cua hop dong vi chi rd nghien cuu hieu luc cua hop ddng hao gdm nghien cuu hipu lyc cua nghia vy va van de giai thich hpp ddng^. Day chinh l i npi dung ciia hi?u lyc hpp dong ma cin phii trien khai nghien cuu sau khi da nghien cuu di6u kien cd
hipu luc, pham vi cua hipu lyc va thdi gian cd hipu luc cua hpp ddng. 0 h? thong Common Law, van dc cdt yeu cua hipu lyc ciia hpp ddng dupe the hien trong hpc thuyet "Privity of con- tract" (tam dich la quan hp phap ly giua cic ben).
Hpc thuyet niy cd npi dung chii yeu la chi cac ben thyc te cua hpp ddng ed quyen va nghia vy bit bupc theo hpp ddng, tuy nhien cd ngoai Ip ddi vdi ben thu ba cd Ipi ich^. Dii khdng nghien ciiu mpt each khai quit nhu d eac nude theo hp thong Civil Law, nhung luit hgrp ddng d cac nude theo Common Law cung nghien ciiu nhihig van d6 phip ly gidng nhu d eac nude theo Civil Law nhu dieu kien cd hipu luc ciia hpp ddng. hpp ddng vd hieu, giai thich hop ddng va thuc hipn hpp ddng.
Trong phien ban nim 2004 ciia Unidroit gidi thieu Bp Nguyen tie cua Unidroit ve hpp ddng thuang mgi quoc te, quan ni?m rpng ve hipu lye ciia hpp ddng di dupe dua ra nhung khdng bao gom npi dung cua hipu lyc ciia hpp ddng rni chi hen quan tdi cic dieu kipn cd hieu lyc cua hpp ddng va hop ddng vd hi?u5. Phan giai thich hpp ddng va thuc hien hpp ddng dupe tich rieng tai do. Tuy nhien, cac van de nay ve mat hpc thuat la mpt the thdng nhat. Qua cac phan tich d tren cd the nit ra: "Hieu luc ciia hpp ddng chia tii sin vp chdng trong thdi ky hdn nhan bao gom cic van de phap Iy lien quan tdi dieu kien cd hieu luc, vd hieu, giai thich va thuc hien hap ddng chia tai san chung cua vp chdng trong thdi ky hdn nhan".
Hpp ddng chia tii sin chung cua vp chdng trong thdi ky hdn nhan khdng the tich rdi mpt ch^ dp hdn sin nhat dinh. Theo PGS.TS. Nguyfin Van Cir dinh nghia: "Che dp tai san ciia vp chdng la tdng hpp cic quy pham phap luat difiu chinh ve (sd hiru) tai sin cua vp chdng. bao gdm cac quy
Ddn chCi & Phdp ludt EEI
'7lU Itiiik fihdfi lu4i S6 6 j3jg?:si—^
dinh ve can cir xac Ijp tai sin, quyen va nghia vv va chong, cd nghia la nd chi cd hifn urc ^ ^ ciia vp chong doi voi tai san chung, tai sin rieng; quan hg vc tai san giira vg v.i chong. Co' ' cac trucmg hgp va nguyen tac chia tai san vg vi chia tai san chung cua vg chdng trong
chong theo luit dinh"^ Dinh nghia nay bao quit hon nhan li mgt trong nhiing trudng hgp _ phan Idn cac quan h? ve tai san trcng cie che dg sin eiia vg chdng bdi viec chia tii san n y hon sin vi xuat phat tir cic qui dinh phap luat ve li do phap luat (khdng tu nguyeh) nt)9 hdn nhin vi gia dinh trudc khi Luat Hdn nhan vi nguy?n (thdng nhit y chi ciia vp va chong). ^ gia dinh nim 2014 ra ddi. tdi chia tii sin chung ciia vg chong theo che dg
Cac nhi lu?t hgc Chau Au da nghien cuu so hdn udc, cd y kiin cho ring: Neu lira chgn che dg sinh cac chi dg tii sin cua vg chdng trong khu tii sin chung, thi vg chong thda thuiin troiig hon vyc Chau Au vi thay ring, trong mgt sd nen tii Udc cic vin de lien quan tdi cac thanh phan ciia phin cd sv kit hpp nhiiu chi dp hdn sin vdi tii sin chung eua vg chong, ddng thoi tat san nhau, ching han nhihig chi dg hdn sin khac nhau rieng ctia moi ben (niu cd); trudng hgp chia tai cd thi dugc kit hpp theo each chiing dupe ip sin chung cua vg ching vi quyen lot cua tnci dqng dii vdi nhirng lo^i tai sin khic nhau nhu ben; giii quyet mdn ng phit sinh tu dot sdng bit dpng sin hdjc dpng sin die biet; die biet hdn chung cua gia dinh...; va thong thudng phap luit udc cd thi thiit IJp dii vdi tii sin hien ed hoae ed qui dinh chat che vi viec thay ddi hon udc vi s5 cd trong tuong lai'. Cac chi dg hdn san kha da ngudi thir ba cd quyen Igi lien quan tdi tii san d^ng vi phiic t^p niy cho thay cic giai phap lien cua vg chong^. Hdn udc d Viet Nam dupe xem la quan tdi cac tranh chap tai sin trcng thcH ky hon s\r thda thu^n bing van bin do vp chong l?p nhan can dupe da d ^ g hoa, vl v^y, hi?u luc ciia trudc khi ket hdn dc quy dinh che dp tii sin ciia hgp dcng chia tii sin chung vp chdng uong thdi vp chdng trong sudt thdi ky hon nhan ma n^i ky hdn nhan khdng phai li mgt che dinh hoin dung cua nd quy dinh quyen va nghia vy cua vg toin ddng nhat. chdng dii vdi tai sin dd, cung nhu trong vi?c Trudc het phii ndi khi chia tii sin chung ciia thuc hien giao dich giira hp vdi ngudi thii ba'*'.
vp v i chdng trong thdi ky hdn nhan thi quan he Viec gin hoan toan hpp ding chia tii sin chung ve nhan than giira vp vi chdng khdng thay dii, eua vg ching vio hdn udc vi ddi hdi phip luat va day li diem khae bi?t giiia che dinh chia tai phii quy dinh chit che ve hgp ddng nay li chua sin chung ciia vg ching vi che dinh ly thin*, thuyit phqc vi cd thi lim anh hudng tdi tu do y Hdn nhan neu dugc xem la mgt hpp dong, thi chi. Tuy nhien, hgp dong chia tai sin chung ciia hgp ddng nay cd hieu lire lien quan tdi c i nhan vg chdng cd thi giy anh hudng tdi vi^c thuc hi$n thin \ a tai san. Nhung neu xem hgp ding chia tii nghia vg cua vg, chdng tdi ngudi thir ba trong gia sin chung ciia vg ching la sir thing nhit y chi dinh. VI vay, phip luat phai kiem soat hieu luc thay dii quan he vg chdng (hay thay dii quan h? ciia hgp ddng lien quan tdi ngudi thir ba trong gia hgp ding hdn nhin giua vp va chdng), thi hpp dinh, tham chi ngoai gia dinh trong trudng hop ding niy chi lam thay ddi quan he tii san giua vp cua thuang nhan vg chdng.
E l Ddn chCi & Phdp ludt
y Hi Hdnh phdp. Uidt S6 6 (339) - 2020
3. Mpt so npi dung ve hi^u lire ciia hgrp ding chia tii san chung vp" chong trong thdi ky hdn nhSn
La mpt logi hpp dong, do dd, hpp dong nay ciing nhu cic hpp dong thdng thudng khac phai man thii cac dieu kipn cd hipu luc ndi chung ciia hpp dong, tuy nhien cd nhiing dieu kien dac thu.
Bp lugt Dan sy nam 2015 quy dinh cac dieu kien CO hi?u l\rc chung cua giao dich dan sy bao gdm:
(i) Dieu kipn ve ning lyc chii the; (ii) Dieu kien ve tinh t\r nguypn; (iii) Dieu kipn ve tinh khdng vi phgm dieu cim vi dgo due xa hpi; (iv) Dieu ki?n ve tuan thii qui dinh phip luat doi vdi hinh thirc ciia giao dich". NSng lyc chu the cua hpp dong chia tai sin chung cua vp chong trong thdi ky hon nhan hoan toin phy thupc vao ning lyc chu the ciia ket hdn, trir trudng hop mpt ben bi mat ning lyc hinh vi dan sy trong thdi ky hdn nhSn trudc khi giao k^t hpp dong chia tai san chung cua vp chong. Vipc giao ket hpp dong nay phai hoan toan t\r nguypn. Cac ben vp hoae chong cd the yeu cau Tda an giai quyet vipc chia tai sin chung cua vp chdng trong tnrdng hap khfing the thda thuan dupe v8 viec chia tai sin chung. Vipc chia tii sin chung cua vp chdng khong the chong lai cac nghia vu dugc cham sdc, cap dudng cua con va trdn tranh cac nghia vu khic. Khoin 2 Dieu 42 Luat Hdn nhan v i gia dinh nim 2014 quy dinh viec chia tai san chung trong thdi ky hdn nhan bj v6 hipu neu nim trdn tranh cic nghia vu nhu: Nghia vu nudi duang, cap dudng; nghia vy boi thudng thiet hai; nghia vy thanh toin khi b} Tda an tuyen bd pha sin;
Qghia vy tri np cho ca nhan, td chuc; nghia vu npp thue hogc nghia vy tai chinh khac ddi vdi Nha nude; nghia vu khac vg tai sin do luat dinh.
Vipc tuyen vd hipu ddi vdi vi?c chia tai san chung trong thdi ky hdn nhan (ihco khoin 1 Di^u 42) khi gay anh hudng nghiem trpng den Ipi ich cua gia dinh; quyen, Ipi ich hpp phap ciia con chua thanh nien, con da thanh nien mat ning luc hinh vi dan su hoae khdng cd kha ning lao dpng vi khdng cd tai sin de ty nudi minh li mpt vin de cd tinh dac thu. Tuy nhien, vdi cic quy djnh nay cd the gay ra nhieu tranh lugn ma khd cd hoi ket bdi: Thu nhdt, quyen va Ipi ich hpp phap cua con cd the da nim trong phgm vi cua nghia vy nudi dudng, cap dudng; thir hai, Ipi ich chung cua gia dinh la mpt van de kha mo ho, khd cd thi giai thich day du trong nhihig trudng hpp cy thi.
Cac quy dinh niy de bi Ipi dyng de chong Igi ty do y chi. Chia tii sin chung cua vp chdng trong thdi ky hdn nhan nhu tren da nghien ciru cd the dan tdi hau qui xau cho ngudi thu ba ci trong va ngoai gia dinh nhu vi pham nghia vy chSm sdc, nudi dudng hogc nghia vy tri np. Vi vgy, phap luat mpt mit khdng can thipp dc can trd ty do y chi mpt each thii qua nhung mgt khac kiem soit hpp ddng chia tai san chung cua vp chdng trong thdi ky hdn nhan de tranh nhCmg hau qua xau xiy ra. Ve mat hieu lyc ciia hop ddng chia tii sin chung vp chdng trong thdi ky hdn nhan, trudc het, phap luat thudng quy dinh chit che ve hinh thuc cua hop ddng de bio dam tinh minh bach, chic chin va cd can nhac ky ludng cua cac ben giao kSt. Hinh thuc van ban ciia hpp ddng phii bing van ban, cd the ddi hdi phai cd cdng chung, chimg thuc hay phai qua mpt thii tuc giao ket die biet. Ddi hdi giao ket hpp ddng phai qua mpt thu tyc dac biet cdn cd ly d cho, logi hpp ddng niy (nhu tren da ndi) gan chit vdi hpp dong hdn nhan trong khi hgp dong hdn nhan bi ddi hdi phai giao
Ddn chO & Phdp ludt B l
7ta lultih fihdfi. luAt S<S6(33»I .^.20
ket vdi mpt thii tuc d^c biet d hau het cic nen tii phin. Vi v|y, khoin 2 Diiu 38 Luat Hon nhan va gia dinh nim 2014 quy dinh: "Thda thuan vi vi?c chia tai sin chung phii l^p thanh van ban. Van ban nay dupe cdng chiing theo yeu cau ciia vg chong ho5c theo quy dinh cua phap luat". Cac quy dinh niy chua th\rc su thda ding ve phuong di^n bio v^ cac quan h^ sd hiiu lien quan tdi cic nghia vy trgng yeu ciia gia dinh nhu tren da ndi vl thiiu mgt thii tyc giao kit die biet hay mgt yeu cau d^c bi?t vi giao ket. Cie quy dinh \ e hinh thuc ciia hpp dong chia tii sin chung ciia vp chong trdng thdi ky hon nhan anh hudng tdi van de thdi diim cd hi?u Itrc cua lo^i hgp ddng niy.
Diiu 39 ctia Lujt Hdn nhan vi gia dinh nam 2014 quy dinh thdi diem ed hi?u luc cua hgp dong chia tii sin chung eiia vg chdng la thdi diem do vg chong thda thuan vi dugc the hien bing van bin hoSe tir ngiy lap vin ban trong trudng hpp vin bin khong xac dinh thdi diem ed hi?u lire (khoin 1). Tuy nhien, trong khdi tai sin chung ciia vp chong co the cd tai san ddi hdi phai dugc chuyen dich theo the thirc die bi?t thi theo d^o luit niy, hgp ddng chia tii sin chung vg chong trong thdi ky hon nhin cd hieu luc k i tir thdi diem cac quy dinh ve the thirc die biet niy di dugc tuan thu diy dii (khoan 2 Diiu 39 Luat Hdn nhan vi Gia dinh nira 2014).
Lujt Hdn nhan va gia dinh nam 2014 quy dinh: "Trong thdi ky hdn nhin, vg chdng cd quyen thda thuan chia mgt phin hoae toan bp tii sin chung" (khoin 1 Diiu 38). Cic quy dinh niy cho thay sq thira nhan loai hop ding chia tai sin chung cua vp chdng trong thdi ky hdn nhin va hi?u luc ciia hpp ddng niy dii vdi khdng chi cac
ben, mi cdn ddi vdi ca tai .lan. De hi ^ Itrc ciia hgp ddng niy, ngudi ta khdng' = tim hiiu quan ni?m vi tii sin chung. Theo Hdn nhan vi gia dinh nim 2014. chi dg hon san ciia Vi?t Nam hi?n nay cd le dugc chii trpng hay xay dvng tren nin ting tai sin chung eua vg ching bdi khdin 3 Diiu 33 ciia dao luat nay co quy dinh: "Trong trudng hpp khong cd can cu de chimg minh tii sin ma ^p. ching dang cd tranh chip li tii sin rieng eiia mdi bSn thi tii sin dd dupe Cdi la tai sin chung". Vi tii sin chung cd vai trd "dimg di bao dam nhu ciu ciia gia dinh, thvc hi?n nghia v\i chung cua vp chong" (khdin 2 Dieu 33). Tai sin chung d diy cd nhiiu nguon gdc khac nhau nhu tai san do vp, chdng tad ra, thu nhap do lao dpng, hoat dgng sin xuat, kinh doanh, hoa Igi, Igi tire phit sinh tir tii san rieng vi thu nhap hgp phip khic trong thdi ky hon nhan. Hpp ding chia tii sin chung cua vg chong trong thdi ky hdn nhin cd hi?u luc doi vdi tat ci eac tii sin niy. Tuy nhien, hieu lire cua logi hgp dong niy cd str khac bi?t lien quan tdi nhirng loai tii sin dac biet ching han nhu quyin sii dqng dit. Bdi quyin dat dai li tai sin dac bi?t lien quan tdi cho d vi ngudn song chii yeu cua nhieu gia dinh do dd Luat Hdn nhin vi gia dinh nim 2014 an dinh quyen sir dgng dit ma vg, ching co dupe sau khi kit hdn li tii san chung cua vp ching, trir trudng hgp vg hoae chdng dugc thira ki rieng, dupe tang cho rieng hoae co dupe thdng qua giao dich bing tai sin rieng (khoan 1 Dieu 33). Quy dinh niy khang dinh them vi chi dp hdn sin cua Vi?t Nam hi?n nay cd le iy,^^ ^^^
trgng hay xiy dung tren nen ting tai san chung ciia vg ching nhu tren d i nhin dinh.
I Ddn chO & Phdp ludt
\:0mi muut piUlp. ludt
S6 6 (339) - 2020
Ngoai nhirng npi dung ve hieu li^c cua hpp ddng chia tai sin chung cua vp chong trong thdi ky hdn nhan, nham bio dim cho di6u kipn cd hieu lyc ciia logi hpp dong nay nhu da phin tich d tren, phap lugt thudng logi trii hi?u l\rc cua logi hpp dong niy lien quan tdi phin h o | c mpt vii tai san nhat dinh de bao dim cho vipc thpc hipn nghia vy chung ciia vp chong d i xic lap trudc khi hpp dong chia tai sin chung ciia vp chdng trong thdi ky hdn nhan cy the dupe giao kSt.
Ching hgn Lugt Hdn nhan va gia dinh nim 2014 quy djnh: "Quyen, nghia vy ve tai san giiia vp, chong vdi ngudi thu ba phat sinh trudc thdi diem vi?c chia tai sin chung cd hipu lyc van cd gia tri
phap ly, trir trudng hpp cac ben cd thda thugn khic" (khoan 4 Didu 33).
Mac dii Ii mpt dao lugt kha ti6n bp trong thdi ky xay d\rag nen kinh te thi trudng va hpi nhgp qude te cua Vipt Nam, nhung Luat Hdn nhan vi gia dinh nim 2014 cdn khi nhieu han chi, nhit ti
\c nhirng van de phip ly mdi phit sinh, ching ban nhu hipu lyc ciia hpp ddng chia tii sin chung cua vp chdng trong thdi ky hdn nhan. Cac hgn che nay cd the gay khd khin cho vi?c giii quyet cac tranh chap thyc tien. Vi vgy, ddi hdi phii cd nhirng siia ddi, bd sung nhit djnh cho dao luat niy nhung trudc hit phai xuat phat tir nhimg nghien cuu sau ve m$t ly lugn •
1. Nguyen Vdn Cir (2008), Che dg tdi sdn cua vg chdng iheo phdp lugt hdn nhdn vd gia dinh Vi^t Nam (Sdch chu)m khdo). Nxb. Tuphdp, Hd Ngi, tn 28.
2. Ngd Huy Cuong (2013), Gido trinh lugt hgp ddng phdn chung (dimg cho ddo igo sau dgi hgc), Nxb. Dgi hgc (^oc gia Hd Ngi, tn 542.
3. va Van Mdu (1963). Vi^l Nam Ddn Lugt luge khdo, In Idnthunhdl. Bg Quoc gia gido d{ic xudt ban, Sai Gdn.
tr.24l
4. Daniel Khoury, Yvonnes S Yamouni (1989), Understanding Contract Law, Second edition. Bulterworths, Australia, pp. 164 -165.
5. Xem Unidroit (2004), Bg nguyen Idc cOa Unidroit ve hgp dong ihuung mgi quoc le 2004, Nhd phdp lugl Vi^i
• Phdp dich ra lieng Viet, Nxb. Tuphdp. Hd Ngi, ndm 2005. ir. 1266 - 201.
6. Nguyin Vdn Cir (2008), Chi do tdi sdn cua vg chong theo phdp lugt hon nhdn vd gia dinh Vi^l Nam (sdch diuyen khdo), Nxb. Tuphdp, Hd Ngi, ir 8 - 9.
7. Katharina Boele-fVoelki, Frederique Ferrand, Cristina Gonzdiez Beilfuss, Maarii Janlcra-Jareboig, Nigel Lowe, Dieter Marliny Walter Pintens (2013), Principles of European Family Law Regaiding Pmperly Relations fiem-een Spouses, Intersentia, Cambridge - Antwerp ~ Porland, p. 101.
S. Nguyin Hdng Hdi (2003). "Bdn thim ve chia ldi sdn chung cua vg chdng Irong thdi ky hon nhdn theo phdp ludt hon nhdn vd gia dinh Viet Nam ", Tgp chi Lugl hgc, Sd 5/2003. Dgi hgc Ludt Hd Ngi.
9. Nguyin Van Cir (2008), Chi do tdi sdn cua vg chdng iheo phdp lugl hdn nhdn vd gia dinh Vi^l Nam (sdch chuyen khdo). Nxb. Tuphdp. Ha Ngi. tr. 30 - 31.
10. Nguyin Hong Hdi (2008). "Khdi qudl ldi sdn cua vg chong Irong phdp ludt hdn nhdn vd gia dinh cua mgt sdnitdclren the giai", Trang Thdng tin phdp ludt ddn su. 08/10/2008.
11. Xem Ngd Huy Cuang (2017), Ludt Ddn sir I. Bdi gidng di?n iir.
