PHAT TRIEN BEN VCIMG
Khai thac thuy dien:
Hieu qua va rui ro tiem an
Khac phuc su' co rb n Thuy dien Song Tranh 2
NHO'NG CON D O N G DAT VU'A XAY RA 6 N H A M A Y THUY D I E N SONG TRANH 2, TINH QUANG NAM, KHIEN NHIEU N G U a i BAN KHOAN VE DO AN TOAN ClJA CAC CONG TRINH THUY DIEN. HAY CUNG GIOI KHOA HOC NHIN U\\ " T H I PHAN"
THUY DIEN TREN THE G I O I , CUNG N H O ' N G LOI iCH VA RUI RO TIEM &N CUA NGUON DIEN NANG"SACH" VA RE NAY
C
hi tinh vdi cac nha may thuy dien cd cong suat tir 400 MW (mega-oat) trd len, nudc ta cd cac nha may thuy dien sau day:Dang vgn hanh: Nha may thuy dien Hoa Binh (tinh Hoa Binh) vdi cong suat 1920 MW;
Nha may thuy dien Yah (Gia lai), cdng sua't 720MW; Nha may thuy dien Tri An (Dong Nai), cdng sua't 400MW.
Dang xay dung: Nha may thuy di^n Son La (Son La), cdng suat 2400MW; Nha may thuy dien Hupi Quang (Son La), cdng suat 520MW;
Chuan bi xay dung: Nha may thuy di^n Lai Chau, 1200MW.
Quy hogch xay dung: Nha may thuy dien Ddng Phu Yen (Son La), cdng sua't 1200MW;
Nha may thuy dien Bae Ai (Ninh Thugn), cong sua't 1050MW.
10 nha may thuy dien lan nhit the gi6i
10 nha may thuy dien ldn nhat dupc sap xep theo thii bae cdng suat (don vi Qga-oat GW, 1GW==
1.000MW) trong bang phia dudi day.
Tu bang nay cd tiie thay, Nha may thuy di^n Long Dam xe'p d vi tri cudi cimg (cong sua't hien nay 4.900MW), ciing to gap doi nha may Son La (vdi 2.400MW) ldn nhat ciia Vi^t Nam.
Xe'p dau bang ve tdng cdng
suat la Nha may Thu^dien Tam Hiep, Trung Qud'c (22.500 MW) gap ddi nha may d vi tri s6'2 la nha may Itaipu (Brasil-Paraguay).
Cac nha may thuy di^n ciia Trung Qudc, Brazil va Paraguay, Venezuela va My nam trong Top 5 nhiing nha may thuy dien Idn nhat the' gidi. Tiep sau do moi' deh cac nha may thuy di^n oia Nga va Canada.
Cung can luu y v^ h | u qua gay ngap nudc mpt di^n tich rat rpng do cac nha may thuy di^n gay ra (xem cpt cuo'i ciia bang), it nhat la 324 cay so'vudng (Grand Coulee, My) va rdng nhat (Churchill Falls, Canada)dai7nghin cay so vuong.
10 nu'O'c CO sdn lu^ng thuy dien cao nhat t h i giai
Cac nudc thupc trong nhom TOP 10 ve tdng cdng suat Ihu^
dien (tinh theo don vj giga-oat, GW) sap xep theo thii ti^ sau: (1) Trung Qud'c -171 GW; (2) Canada - 90 GW; (3) My - 79 GW; (4) Brazil - 70 GW; (5) Nga - 45 GW;
(6) An Dp - 33 GW; (7) Na Uy - 28 GW; (8) Nhgt - 27 GW; (9) Thuy Di§h-16,2 GW; (10) Venezuela- 15,0 GW.
Cac so'lieu tr§n lay theo thong ke ciia nam 2006 (trCr Thyy Dien lay ciia 2009), nhung noi chung, SV tiiay doi vai nSm g&i day khdng nhi^u.
Ngoai ra, svr sap xep tiiii tf
PHAT TRIEN BEN VOfNG
1 L „
Toan cSnh t h u f ai#n Scrn La. (Anh Bao Yen Bfii) Dgp Tam Hiep, <3fip thuy di0n ldn nh^t the gi6i cr Trung Qu6c
TOP 10 nha may thuy dien tren theo gia tri ve tong cdng sua't (tinh theo don vi GW hay MW) va tdng san lupng di§n hang nam ((tinh theo don vi GW.h hay MW.h) CO the khac nhau, nhung khong dang ke. Hinh phia dudi la "chiec banh" md ta sy phan chia theo sd lieu tSng sAn lupng thuy di|n toan the gidi mdi nha't, nam 2011 (don vi la ty kilowat- gid, tiic GW.h).
Thdm hoa thu^ dien lan nhM tirng xay ra
Neu tinh ve ihiet hai nhan mgng do'i vdi nha may thuy dien, sy co' vd dgp Ban Ki§u d Trung Qud'c CO thS' xe'p vao so 1. Con dap nay xay tren song Ru tinh Ha Nam. Nha may thuy dien CO cong sua't d^'n 18 GW, tuong dupng 20 td m^y dien hgt nhan, c6 kha nang dap ling 1/3 nhu cau sii d\mg dien cho ca nudc Anh.
Thli-
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10
T6n nhfi mfiy
Tam Hi$p Tam Hl$p Gurl (Slm6n Bolivar) Tucuail Grand Coulee Sayeno Shushenskaya (repair works) Krasnoyarskaya Robert- Bourassa ChurchillFalls Long Dfim (Longtan)
QuAc gia
^ H Tnjng g Brazil vfi 2 2 Paraguay
^ ^ Venezuela B B Brazil
^ M y
^ N g a
^ • N a a 1 * 1 Canada 1 * 1 Canada H Trung
Qudc
Nfim hofin thfinh
2012 1984/1991/2003 1986 1984 1942/1980 1985/1989 2009/2014 1972 1981 1971 2009
Tong c6ng su^t (GW) 22,5 14,0 10,2 8,37 6,809 6,4
6,0 5.616 5,428 4,9 (6,3 lOc hofin chrnh]
Sfin Iu'O'ng cg'c d^i (TW gid//
nfim) 84,37 94,7 53,41 41,43 20 26,8
20,4
35 18,7
Khu v y c ng$P nu'cS'c (km') 632 1350 4250 3014 324 621
2000
6988
Su CO bat ngd xay ra hai Ian trong nam 1975. Lan dau con dgp da bi vd va thiet hai ciing kha nang n^. Sau khi vira siia chiia va xay lgi, mpt con lii ldn da lam dap vd toang.
Hgu qua het siic ngng ne.
Mai deh nam 2005 hgu qua do mdi dupc cong bo'cy the: 175.000 ngudi thiet mgng (26.000 ngudi chet trvc tie'p vi lu Ii^t va 145,000 ngudi ch§t do dich benh va ngn ddi sau do), tren 11 trieu ngudi mat sgch nha cua do 5 trieu ngoi nha bj pha hiiy. DT nhien, Trung Qud'c ciing da mat m^t ngudn nang lupng khdng Id.
Tuy ti^m ah nguy cp nii ro khi vd dgp c6 the nhah chim ca mpt vimg hg Iiru rpng ldn, nhung do chi phi xay dyng tha'p hem so vdi cac logi dien nang khac (nhu dien gio, dien hgt nhan...) va khong gay 6 nhilm moi trudng (nhu khi thai nhiet dien, phong xg dien hat nhan...), nen thuy difn van dupc nhieu qud'c gia lira chpn nhu mpt gi^i phap khai thac dien nang r^
va sach. •
Hoang Ha
THUONG MWTHJV SW / SO 1S3 / THANG 9/M1Z 4 5
