Tan dung nhi^t khi thai de phat di^n - tiem nang, hieu qua va kien nghj
• TS. NGUYEN HOAN CAU - HIEP HOl XI MANG VICT NAM
u
oi ieh eua tan dung nhidt khf thii de phat didn ed the tom tat d cic dilm sau:1. Khdng sQ dung nhidn lidu ma van san xuat ra dien ning de sQ dung, trung binh cd the dat 20-40 kV^h/1 tan clinker Mgt nha miy xi mang 3000 tan clinker/ngay (T/d), mgt nam ed the san xult ra luong dien 30-40 trieu kWh Luong dien tan dyng nay ed the du cung cap cho mdt phan ba nhu eau sQ dung eua nha may
2 Lgi fch v l bio vd mdi trudng - Do khdng sQ dung nhidn lieu (than, diu, vv.) d l phat dien nen khdng cd khi thai ra mdi uudng. Day la he thdng phit dien sach va xanh.
- Giim nhidt dd khi thli ra mdi UUdng:
Nhiet do eua khf thai ra moi trudng tQ thap trao ddi nhiet v i ghi lim ngudi rit eao. khoang 350"C, Sau khi trao doi nhiet de phat dien, nhiet, nhiet dd eua khfthlira mdi trQdng lOO-C - Giin tiep giam iQong khi nha kfnh thai ra mdi trQdng. Binh quan san xuat 1 kWh, nhiet didn thai 0,86kg C02 Nha may xi mang 3000 T/d, mdt nam cd the giam phat thai 34 000 tan khi thai C02 - Giim nhidt do dau vao cho cae thiet b\
cdng doan sau ndi hoi, lam thiet bj hoat dgng on djnh nhu may nghien lieu, quat gid. Do nhidt do thip nen tang hidu suit eCia loe bui dien.
- Luong bui thu dUoe tat not hoi (10-15 tan/gid ddi vdi day ehuydn 3000T/d) ed t h i true tilp dua vao silo bdt lieu, tang
nang suat miy nghien lidu.
Sau day gidi thieu so luoc ve khi nang ' tan dung nhidt khi thai de phit dien nhusau.
Tuy thudc vao dieu kien van hanh, dac diem cua day chuyen cdng nghe, phan Idn nhidt khi thai ra khdi thap trao ddi nhiet va ghi tam ngudi c6 nhidt do kha cao, 300-350°C Hien nay, ky thuat va edng nghd ngay cang hidn dai, ngudi ta ed the tan dung tdi da lUong nhidt tQ khf thai bang ky thuit phat dien nhidt khf thai cd nhiet dd thap (ISO-IBO^C), ndn hidu qui t i n dung nhiet cang cao.
O l thiy duoc hidu qui cua t i n dyng nhiet khf thai phat dien, xin cung cap mdt sd sd lieu eua Cdng ty Xi ming Vicem Ha Tien va Cdng ty Xi mang Holcim Viet Nam, la hai trong sd ba cdng ty xi mang eua Viet Nam da xay dung tram phat dien nhiet khf thii (cdng ty thQ ba la Xi ming Cdng Thanh):
Phu thudc vao lugng nhiet sQ dung cho eae mue dieh khie cua diy chuyen cdng nghe sin xuat nhu dung de say than, nghiln say bdt lieu w. nhieu
hay it, hieu qua sQ dung nhiet eua day chuyen cdng nghd cao hay thap, nen iQOng dien phat ra eCia he thdng tram nhiet khf thai eua cae diy chuyen cd ciJng nang tyc san xuat cd the khae nhau. Ddi vdi eic day chuyen sin xuat xi mang eua Viet Nam, eong suit lap trung binh cua tram dien nhidt khf thai ddi vdi cic diy chuyin sin xuat xi mang ed quy md cdng suit khac nhau cd the tham khio bang 2 sau:
Bang trdn chi la sd heu so bd de tham khao O l quyet dmh cong suat cua tram didn nhidt khf thii, can phii qua nghidn cQu, do dac eac thdng so, kit hgp nhidu yeu td va tham so khac de xac dinh.
Suit dau tu trung binh d l xay dung tram phat dien nhidt khi thai tQong dQOng vdi nha may nhiet didn, khoing 2 tneu USD/1 MV^, trong khi do suit dau tu cua thuy dien la 2,2-2,4 tridu USD/MW. Sd iugng nhi may xi mang edng suat tQ 2,500-10000 tan elinker/
ngay trd Ien eua Viet nam hien nay la tren 45 nha miy vdt sin lugng 68,750 tridu tan xi nang /nam (tdng edng suit thilt ke cua tat c i cac nhi may xi ming ldn nhd cua Vidt Nam hien nay tren 82
7 0 iTAPOlWATUtlKiYCUNG
BANG 1 - S d Lieu TRAM OIEN NHIET KHf T H A I CUA HAI C 6 N G TY XI I M A N G 1. No,
1
^ 2 3
5
1 '
7 8Khoan muc Cong suat nha nha may (TcNnker/d)
Cong suit dat may (kW) Cong sua! tt/dung (%)
sn^ieaAiiMaMtfvcte (kw)
Sin It/cfng dien hang nam (kWh/nam)
^ ° M ! H B I H B b M U > Hit
L(Jinhu|hti!rphltt3Jen
^ ' ^ ^ H W I V W I i U i l J E t '
Thai gian thu hoi von (nam)
Holcim Viet Nam 4 000 7.000 7,0 6270 53,620 000
39 4 trieu USD/nam
4
Ten Cong ty Xi mang
Khong
Vicem Ha Tien .^
3,000
2 950 * 6,5
2.750 16.600.000
18 12tyVND/nan tinh, VI thiet bi la tai tta
Chile NEDO f^iiat Ban
a
"a
cua to
BANG 2 - C O N G SUATOIEN TRUNG BINH T H A M KHAO CUA TRAM BIEN NHIET KHI THAI
i
No 1
Nang suit dayehuyen
clinker (T/d) 2500
. ^ . , . Cdng suat So tang eua ,. ^..
5 4,5
LtfOng dien Luong dien phatta tudung
(IvIW) (%) 3,5-4,5 7,5-8,0 2 4000 5 7,5 6,5-7,5 7,0-7,8 3
4
5 5000 6000
10000
5 9 5 10-12
5 16-18
8,0 - 9,0 6,7 - 7,2 10-12 6,6-7,1
14-18 6,5-7,0 Cong suat dien thuc te cap ta (MW) 3,22-4,16 6,01 - 7,00 7,33-8,31
9,29- 11,21 1 3,02- 16,83
Luang nutiictieu
thu (T/d) 780 1300 1600 2100
3100
Nhan luc devan
hanh -Kysu:2, -Cong nhan;
+ van hanh:12 +bao ducing: 4 - So ca iam vi^c-4 . J l
tneu tan). Quyet dinh 1488/QD-ngcua Thu tudng Chfnh phu ngay 29/8/2011 ve"phe duydt quy hoach phat trien xi mang Viet Nam giai doan 2011 -2020 va dinh hudng den 2030"quy d i n h ' t i c d u an xi mang diu tu mdi ed edng suat Id nung tQ 2.500 t i n elanker/ngay trd Ien, phii diu tu ngay he thdng thiet bi, t i n dung nhiet khf thai d l phit diln; doi vdi cac nha miy xi mang dang hoat ddng, cac du an xi mang tnln khai dau tQ nhQng da ky hop dong cung cap thiet bj trQdc ngay Quylt dmh nay cd hieu lye phai hoan thanh dau tu hang mye nay truOc nim 2015" Ket qua thye t l eho that cQ 1 tneu t i n cdng suat xi mang, sd t i n dung nhidt khi thai de phit didn vdl cdng suit khoing 4MW.
Neu eac nha may tQ 2500 T/d trd Ien dQOC diu t u he thdng thilt bi tan dyng nhidt khf thii de phit dien thi tong
cdng suit phit dien nhiet khf thai sd trdn 240 MW, hang nam eung eap 1 luong dien rat Idn, giim bdt dau tQ cho ITnh VQc nay va gdp phan rat lOn bio ve mdi trQdng.
Thuy dien, nhidt didn la cin thilt vi chung ed the cung cap duac luong didn khdng Id eho nhu eau xa hdi, nhung deu cd nhQng ton tai nhat dmh Ngudn didn gid cung ed han ehl: ehl phf kim loai nhieu, mit bang ldn de xay dung, luong didn phat ra khdng diu.
Cac ngudn dien khae nhu dia nhiet, thuy trieu w. chua phit tnln. Nhidt khi thii ehi ein dau tuxay dung tram, hoan toan khdng eIn nhidn lieu, khdng gay hai, bio ve mdi trudng
Qua day, xin co mpt so kien nghj nhusau:
1 Ddivdieacnhasanxuatximing,nhat la cae don vi ed ning luc tai ehinh, hiy vl loi ich eua chinh minh, lgi fch qudc gia va bao ve mdi trudng hay manh dan diu tuxly tram phit dien nhiet khf thli cho CO sd san xuat eua minh. Thu hoi vdn nhanh chdng, theo tinh toan, thdi gian thu hdi von xap xi 4 nam.
2 Ddi vdi cic nha lam luit va cic eo quan quan ly nha nudc can nghien cQu, sQa ddi va bo sung vao "Luit sQ dung nang lugng t i l t kiem va hidu qua"' sao eho niiiet khf thii l i mdt ngudn nang lugng phii khuyen khich sQ dung va Uu tien hd tro tin dung do cae ly do da neu 6 trdn. Day khdng chi ddi vdl nginh xi mang ma con nhieu nganh khae nhU: luydn kim, gang thep, hda chit vv l i nhQng nganh sQ dung nhidu nhien lieu •:•
"^PCH!vAiii£ijiif:j;j\,- I 71
