Thi/c tiln - Kinh nghiem
BAO VE MOI TRl/dNG 6 NAM DjNH
ThiTc trang va mot so de xuat, kien nghj
O THANH BINH
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dng tic B VMT d Nam Dinh trong nhQng nam qua da dugc cap uy, ehinh quyen dia phUdng quan tam vi y thUe B VMT cua ddng dao ngudi dan, doanh nghiep dugc ning len rd rgt, dae biet li nhieu hinh dgng thiit thge degin glU, bao vg mdl trudng sdng cho cic hih$ con chau mal sau. Qua cdng tic thge thi phap luat ve BVMT d Nam Dinh, cung bgc Id nhOhg bit c$p can hoin thien.Ve mpt so nhiem vg, giai phap cap bach ve b^o v | mdl trUdng
Thuc hien Chf thj so 25/CT- TTg eua Thu tUdng Chfnh phu v l mdt Sd nhiam vy va giai phap d p bach v l BVMT, tinh Nam Dinh da ra seat, thong ke cd khoang 19 cd s6 san xuat cd luu lupng nude thai tCr 200 m^/ngay dem trd lan;
03 cd s6 san xua't cd lUu lupng thai tu 100-200 m^/ngay dem; 28 ed sd cd luu lupng xa Xhk\ dudi
100 m^/ngay dam thudc nhij'ng nganh nghe san xua't cd nguy ed gay ONMT eao (det nhupm, xi ma,..). Nam Dinh da hoan thanh xis ly: 03 diem d nhilm tdn lUu do hda chat b^o ve thye vat, 6/6 cd sd gay ONMT nghidm trpng theo Quylt djnh so 64/2003/QD-TTg va 16/16 Cd sd gay QNMT nghidm trpng thee Quylt djnh 1788/QD-TTg. Ding thdi, da quan tam d I u tU hien dai hda
trang thiet bj ky thuat phye vy cdng tac QLNN v l BVMT, cy thi:
Dau tu md rpng, nang d p , cai tao phdng thi nghiem va dau tU trang thiet bj nang eao nang lye cua Trung tam Quan trac va Phan tfch TNMT trong vi§c triln kha ehUdng trinh quan trac giam sat nUde thai eua eac KCN, CCN va cac cd sd san xult ed nguon thai ra luu vyc sdng Day; Phe duy$t va triln khai quy ho^ch m^ng ludi quan tr^c 4 0 Tdi nguyen vd Mdi tru'dng | Ky 2-Th^ng 2/2019
mdi trudng tinh Nam Dinh; hoan thien he thing truyen - nhan dD lieu quan trie ty ddng lien tyc.
^e kiem soit, giim thieu cac nguon gay ONMT: Ting s i KCN, CCN dang hoat ddng: 23 (trdng dd KCN: 3; CCN: 20); So KCN, CCN cd ha thd'ng xCf ly nUdc thai tap trung: 04, trong dd KCN 02; CCN 02; jy le KCN, CCN cd hS thing XLf ly nudc thai tap trung: 17,4%.
Tinh hinh phat sinh, thu gem, xi^ ly cha't thai sinh ho^t phat sinh tran dia ban tinh: Doi vdi khu vUc thanh pho: Tong lUpng chat thki sinh hoat phat sinh kho&ng 191,5 tan/ngay; tong lupng chat thai sinh hoat dupc thu gom, xii ly khoang 180 tin/ngay; T^ la thu gom, xCf ly dat 94%. Dd'i vdi khu vue ndng thdn: Tong lUpng rac thai sinh hoat phat sinh khdang 657,7 ta'n/ngay;
ting lUdng rac thai sinh hoat thu gom khoang 575,2 ta'n/ngay; ty l§
thu gom rac thai khu vUe ndng thdn dat 87,5%.
Cdng tic BVMT t^i cic ling nghe: Tiep tyc trien khai dy an khac phuc d nhilm va cai thien mdi trudng cua lang nghi cd khi Binh Yen xa Nam Thanh, huyen Nam True. D i n nay, dU an da hoan thien xong giai doan 1 (khie phye ONMT lang nghi, thu gom, XLf ly tro xl thai; xay dyng tram trung ehuyen CTNH, he thong thu gom nUdc thai va tram xLf ly nUdc thai tap trung, ngo vet kenh mudng 6 nhilm) va tiep tyc trien khai thye hien cae goi thiu giai doan 2.
UBND tinh dang ehl dao eae Sd, nganh lien quan (Sd Ndng nghiep va PTNT, TNMT...) lap de an xay dyng ed ehl, chinh sach hd trd di ddi cac cd sd skn xuat thudc lang nghi gay ONMT ra khdi khu dan cu va ho trd eac cd sd san xuat thudc nganh nghi khuyen khich phat triln tai cac lang nghi.
Cdng tic thu gom, xiS ly rac thil sinh hogt: Tr§n dja ban tinh Nam Djnh, rac thai dUdc quan ly theo khu vUc thanh p h i va khu vyc ndng thdn (9 huyen). Cy the:
Khu vyc thanh pho dUdc xCf ly teii Khu lien hpp xLf ly rac thai Ldc Hda vdi Cdng suat thiet ke cua nha may xis ly rac thai la 250 tan rac/ngay, cdng suat xii ly thye te:
180 tan/ngay ed tong dien tich la 23,7ha, di vao hdat ddng tCf nam 2003, trong dd nha may xLf ly rac thai (nha xUdng phan loai rac skn xuat phan compost. Id dot rac vd cd, cdng nghidp) cd dien tich 3 ha, di§n tfch danh cho vi§c xay dyng bai ehdn lip hdp ve sinh la 20,7 ha. Ty le xCf ly dat khoang 94%.
Khu vyc ndng thdn (9 huyen):
183/204 xa, thi tran da xay dyng cdng trinh xCf ly rac sinh hoat, trong dd cd 106 xa xay dung bai ehdn lap (ed 31 xa cd ca bai ehdn lap va Id dot) va 97 xa ed Id dot.
Khu vye ndng thdn: 204/204 xa, thj tran da to chUe thu gom rac thai sinh hoat. Udc tinh: tong lUdng rac thai phat sinh la 660 tan/ngay;
tong lupng rac th^i thu gom la 580 tan/ngay; ty le thu gom rac thai khu vUe ndng thdn dat 87,8%.
Mpt so Ifho l<han, bift cap n6\ c$m
ThU nhat, tai Nghj djnh s i 18/2015/ND-CP: Phy lye II eua Nghi dinh quy djnh ve Danh myc du an phai thUe hidn danh gia DTM:TaisothCftUl5: DU an xay dung ed s6 san xult gach ngdi vdi quy md cdng suat la 100 trieu vien gach, ngdi quy chuan/nam trd len thi phai lap bao eao danh gia tac ddng mdi trUdng. Day la quy md rat Idn hlu nhU hilm xay ra trdng thuc te (tinh Nam Djnh tU trUdc den nay chUa ed dy an nao dgt quy md cdng suat nhu tren, pho bien tif 10 trieu vien gach den 30 trieu vien gaeh/nam). Vi vay, d n
xem xet Iai quy md cdng suat cua dy an cho phu hdp vdi thye t l . Tai so thU tu 46: Dy an xay dyng he thong xi!f ly nUde thai dd thj tap trung hoac nudc thai cdng nghidp tap trung d n neu rd nude thai cdng nghi§p tap trung la nhu t h i nao? Theo quy djnh nay thi doanh nghiap ( k l ea nam trong hoac ngoai KCN) xay dyng he thing xCf ly nudc thai ed coi la xCf ly nudc th^l tap trung hay khdng? Mot so cP sd cd lU0ng nude thai ph^i xii ly kha Idn tdi hang ngan m^. D l i vdi du an xis ly nUde thai sinh hogt thi se ap dung theo muc nao?
ThU hai, Thdng tu so 27/2015/
TT-BTNMT quy djnh v l danh gia mdi trUdng chien lupc, danh gia DTM va k l hoach BVMT: Theo khoan 2 dieu 32 quy dinh trach nhidm xac nhan dang ky k l hoach BVMT ddi vdi nhiJng cd sd san xult kinh doanh quy md hp gia dinh nam tren dja ban 01 xa thi UBND huyen cd t h i uy quyln cho UBND cap xa xac nhan doi vdi nhCfng dy an khdng thudc d l i tUpng quy djnh tai Phy lye 5.1 Thdng tu nay. Tuy nhian, d l i vdi d e lang nghe ve cd khi (hoat dpng chCi y l u quy md hd gia dinh) thi thudc tham quyen xac nhan eua Sd TN&MT n§n thuc hien ed t h i dan den sU chong cheo, khdng rd rang. Tai phu lye 3.2 v l mau bao cao k i t qua thye hidn cdng trinh BVMT phye vy giai dogn van hanh dy an yeu eau lay m l u de danh gia hiau qu^ xCf ly cija cdng trinh BVMT, nhUng khdng neu rd toi thilu la bao nhiau lln d l ehCi du an thuc hien. N l u chi tiln hanh lay m l u 01 lan thi khdng danh gia dUde tinh on djnh cua he thong trong thdi gian dU an hoat ddng binh thudng.
ThCt ba, Thdng tU sd 26/2015/
TT-BTNMT quy djnh d l an BVMT ehl tiet, de an BVMT ddn gian: Theo Tdi nguyen vd Mdl trLFOng | Ky 2-Th^ng 2/2019 ^ 1
quy dinh tai dieu 9 cCia Thdng tU nay doi vdi nhCfng ed sd ehUa hoan thanh cac cdng trinh BVMT:
Sau khi hoan thanh toan bp cac cdng trinh BVMT theo yeu d u tgi quylt djnh phe duyet de an chi tiet, gifi van ban bao cao hoan thanh tdan bd eac cdng trinh d i n cd quan tham djnh, phe duyet de kiem tra theo mau quy djnh tai Phy luc 12 Thdng tu nay. Tuy nhidn, Thdng tU khdng quy dinh sau khi kiem tra va ed s6 hoan thanh xong toan bd cdng trinh theo yeu cau quylt dinh phe duyet thi cd quan ph§ duyet se ban hanh cho cd sd loai van ban gi lien quan tdi viec kiem tra.
ThU tu, Nghj dinh so 38/2015/
ND-CP ve qukn ly chat thk\ va p h i liau, Thdng tU 36/2015/TT- BTNMT quy djnh v l quan ly chat thai nguy hai: Doi vdi tram trung chuyin chat thai nguy hgi can b l sung quy djnh v l quy each CLia tram trung chuyin CTNH la nhu t h i nao? Cap phep hoat ddng t h i nao?
Bao eao quan ly CTNH: Tai kho^n 5 dilu 7 Nghi dinh so 38/2015/ND-CP v l quan ly chat thai va phe li§u quy dinh ehu nguon thai cd trach nhiem dinh ky 06 thang/lan bad eao v l viec luu giU tam thdi CTNH trong trudng hpp chUa tim dUdc chCi xi!f ly;
chUa cd phUdng an van chuyin, XLf ly kha thi. Tuy nhien, theo quy djnh tgi khoan 6 Dilu 6 eCia Tho- ng tu 36/2015/TT-BTNMT quy dinh chu nguon thai CTNH bao eao djnh ky quan ly CTNH 01 lan/nam: Can xem xet Iai cho thing nha't glUa Thdng tU vdi Nghj djnh.
Theo quy djnh tai khoan 1, Dilu 93 Luat BVMT va khoan 2 Dieu 9 Nghj djnh so 38/2015/ND- CP ve quan ly chat thai va phe
lieu, theo dd quy djnh v l dilu kien d l cd sd dUde d p giay phep xii ly cha't thai nguy hai cd quy djnh: Dja diem eua cd s6 xCf ly cha't thai nguy hgi thupc quy hoach v l qu&n ly, xi!f ly cha't thai do cd quan cd thim quyen tU cap tinh trd len phe duyet thee quy djnh eua phap luat. Tuy nhien, chua cd cac quy djnh cu the doi vdi viec quy hoach vdi quy md nao se do UBND tinh phe duyet hoac Bd TNMT phe duyet; quy djnh v l trach nhiem cua ed quan nao phai lap quy hogch va quy djnh ve trinh ty lap, phe duyat quy hoach ve quan l^, xCf ly chat thai.
ThU nam, Thdng tU so 41/2015/
TT-BTNMT quy dinh v l BVMT trong nhap khau phe lieu lam nguydn lieu san xuat: Theo quy djnh tgi khoan 1 Dieu 10 y§u cau ve BVMT trong kiem tra, thdng quan phe lieu nhap khau: Cd quan cd tham quyen cd trach nhldm thdng bao bang van ban theo mau quy dinh tai Phy lye 12 sau khi nhan dupe Thdng bao v l Id hang nhap khau phe ileu. Trong mau tai Phy lye 12 cd myc "Tong khIi lUdng phe lieu dUdc phep nhap khau theo Giay xac nhan", tuy nhien theo Giay xac nhan thuc hien thee Thdng tU lidn tjch sd 34/2012/TTLT-BCT-BTNMT v l nhap khIu p h i liau khdng ghi tong khIi lupng phe lieu dUdc phep nhap khau. De nghj xem xet hudng d i n th§m.
Tai phy lye 1 - Quy md khIi lupng nhap khIu phe lldu thudc tham quyen d p giay xac nhan cija Bd TN&MT: De nghj dilu ehinh tang khoi lUPng Iai opt quy md ting khoi lupng phe lieu nhap khau/nam cho phu hdp vdi thye te hoat ddng cua eac cd sd (thue te hau hit cac cd sd nhap khau phe lieu deu Idn hdn mUc gldl han tai cot nay nen se tao ap lye giai
quyet thii tyc rat Idn len Bd TN&MT cung nhU khd khan cho cac doanh nghiep tCf cac dja phUdng xa try sd Bd) va tgo dieu kien thuan Idl cho cac cd sd khi thye hi§n thCi tyc nay.
ThU sau, doi vdi Nghi djnh so 25/2013/ND-CPvl phi BVMT dli vdi nudc thai va Thdng tu li§n tjch so 63/2013/TTLT-BTC-BTNMT v l hudng d i n thuc hien Nghj djnh s i 25: D l nghj lam rd khai niem v l nude thai cdng nghiap; hien nay glGa Nghj dinh 25; Thdng tU 63 va QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT:
Khai niem v l nude Xhk\ cdng nghiep dang khdng thing nhlt gay khd khan trong viec trien khai. Hien nay, thee quy dinh tat ea eac ed s6 phat sinh nudc thk\
cdng nghiep dudi 30 m^/ngay ddm deu ap dyng 1 mCic thu phi (1,5 trieu hoac 3 trieu) nSn khi trien khai thu phi dd'i vdi cd sd phat sinh nUde thai dUdi 2-3 m^/ngay dem gap nhieu khd khan trong qua trinh thue hi§n
TCf khd khan tren, Nganh TN&MJ Nam Dinh ed mdt so de xuat, kiln nghj: Cdng tac xay dung, hoan thien cac t h i che chinh sach, vari bgn quy phgm phap luat v l BVMT theo hUdng ddn gian, khdng chIng cheo, ro nhiem vy tCfngnganh va mang tinh ran de cao. hign c h i tinh trang cung mdt ITnh vyc ma nhilu bd, nganh cung qu^n ly. Tap trung hd trd dau tu cd bkn doi vdi cac hang myc cdng trinh BVMT Idn va eac cdng trinh BVMT khu vyc cdng dong dan cU. Tang cUdng nang lUc ve vat chat va nhan lUe cho bp may quan \)f ve BVMT 6 eac d p , nhlt la d p Sd TN&MT, d p huyen va cap xa.
Dau tu nguon luc tai chinh hPn nOfa cho cdng tac BVMT, trong do tang tl le ehi sy nghlgp mdl trudng len hdn 1% chi ngan sach.B 4 2 Tdi nguyen vd Mdl tru'dng | Ky 2 - Th^ng 2/2019
