Hoi Dia ly Vigt Nam Dgi hoc Thai Nguygn NGHIEN C U U CANH QUAN DAI VEN B I £ N TINH QUANG NGAI
T R O N G XU T H £ BIEN D 6 I K H ! HAU HIEN NAY
Duong Thi Nguygn H i ' , Nguyen Diic Tdn' Abstract
Research the coastal landscapes of Quang Ngai province in the current climate change trends Researching landscapes m the current climate change trends allows researchers to identijy landscapes which affected by this phenomenon, forecast the landscapes' change trends in the future and propose the directions to help Quangngai giving better policies to cope with climate change today.
The impacts of climate change to the coastal of Quangngai are strong. Results of the landscape research and the impact analysis of climate change on coastal landscape indicated that the ladscape in estuarine and coastal areas are most strongly affected. Expressions of climate change in these landscapes are expressed by the hydrological and the ecological decline in estuaries - coastal areas. From analyzing of landscape diverse and determining landscape change trends due to the impact of climate change, the paper proposes some directions of exploitation and reasonable use of coastal territory of Quang Ngai in the context of global climate change.
I.DATVANDE
Bien doi khi hau (BDKH) da v i dang Iam cho mdi trudng ty nhien thay doi mgnh me. Trong dd, dai ven biln Ii nai chju anh hudng mgnh nhat. BDKH khdng chi tie dpng den canh quan (CQ) ty nhign, he thong sinh thai, thiiy van, m i c i boat dpng kinh t l - xa hpi Xu hudng tang nhiet dp, thay doi lupng mua tic ddng den mgnh den nguon nude va cic hg sirfli thii ciia sdng - ven biln, hien tupng thdi tiet nguy hiem ting lgn dang ke, dan tdi vigc tang chi phi kinh t e - x a hpi, gay d nhilm mdi trudng,., BDKH da duac nhieu nganh khoa hpc quan tam nghien cuu. Tugdc dp Diali hpc v i nghign ciiu canh quan (NCCQ) iing dyng, nhdm tac gia eho rang kit qua cua NCCQ gdp phin thiet thyc vio viee img phd vdi BDKH hien tgi v i tuang lai. Dong thdi, NCCQ ti^ng boi cinh BDKH toin eiu hign nay cdn la co sd khoa hpe cho khai thac va sit dyng hpp Ii tii nguyen lanh flio nghign ciiu theo hudng phat triln bin vung.
Ciing nhu cic tinh duygn hai mien Tnmg, Quang Ngai chiu inh hudng mgnh ciia BDKH.
Nhung thay doi vl nhigt dp, lupng mua, gia tang tin suat v i cudng dp cic thien tai flidi gian qua d Quang Ngai da tie ddng manh me den mdi tiudng tu nhien: biln dpng ddng chiy, sgt Id bd bien, xam fliyc cua sdng - ven bien... NCCQ Quing Ngai hS trp nhu flil nap cho vigc iing phd vdi dien bien cua BDKH d dia phuang? Trong khudn kho bai bio nay, chiing toi gidi thi$u ket qua phan tich biln doi eau tnic, chiie nang CQ dii ven biln Quing Ngai (do BDKH gay ra) va de xuat mpt SP dinh hudng khai thie va sit dyng hop Ii lanh tho dai ven biln Quing Ngai.
2, CO S<5 T A I L I E U V A PHUONG P H A P NGHIEN ClTU
+ Co sd tai ligu: cac ban do hpp phan tu nhign tinh Quing Ngai d ti lg 1: 100.000 (bin do dja hinh, dia mao, phan logi^ khi hgu, flio nhuong, Idp phu thyc vgt), la co sd de fliinh Igp bin do bin do einh quan dai ven bien Quang Ngii (ti 1| 1.100.000), cac tii li|u v l BDKH d Quing Ngai, dilu kign ty nhien, tai nguyen flugn nhien. Doi chieu vdi bin do CQ dii ven biln Quing Ngai nam 2007 de xae dinh bien doi CQ trong thdi gian gin day.
+ Phuang phip nghien ciiu: phuang phip tong hop va phan tich he th6ng, phuong phip so sanh, phuong phap bin do, phuong phap dilu tra, khao sit thyc dia.
3. KET QUA VA T H A O L U A N
^ Dii ven biln (cdn gpi la ddi bd biln) la mpt hg fliong hi nhign phiic tgp, "la khu vyc chuyin tie^ giua lyc dja ya bien, dupc dgc tnmg bdi cic qua tiinh titang tic tivc tilp va manh me gifta phan lyc ^ a vi bien, giiia nude ngpt va nude mgn va cd su tiiang tic chgt chg giua cic hg sinh fliii.
Dai ven bien la khu vuc rat nhgy cam doi vdi cic tac dpng ciia ty nhien ciing nhu cac tic dpng cua eon ngudi" [7]. Vigc phan dinh dai ven bien can dupc xem xet trong moi quan he thong nhat giua 'AapQ Dja li - Dig chinh. trudng DH Quy Nhai
Kpyiu Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly todn qudc ldn tha 7
H8i Dia ly Viet Nam Dai hpc Thai Nguygn cac dilu kien ty nhien, sinh thai vdi cac dilu kien xa hdi nhan van v i trinh dp phat trien kinh tl - xg hpi cua khu vuc. Vdi each tiep can khac nhau, mdi cdng trirfli nghien ciiu dua ra each phan djnh dai ven bien khie nhau. Dii ven bien tinh Quing Ngai dupc lua chpn theo ranh gidi cap huygn - lam gidi han cho lanh tho nghien ciiu Theo cich phan dinh niy, dii ven bign Quing Ngai gdm 5 huyen giip biln (Binh San, Son Tinh, Tu NghTa, Mp Diic va Diic Pho) v i thinh pho Quang Ngai.
3.1. Dgc dilm cau true canh quan dii ven bien Quing Ngai
Dai ven bien Quang Ngii l i noi chuyen tiep tir vimg nui thap xuong bien Ddng. Cac day niii an sat ra biln Iam cho dong bang bi thu hep va chia cit mgnh me. Tuy dien tich nhd nhirng cac dong bing ven bien Quing Ngai da dgng ve vat lieu cau thanh. Sy tuong tic giua cac qua trinh sdng - biln, hign trang Idp phu thuc vat va hogt ddng nhan tie, ciing vdi dae tudi phuc t ^ , nhgy cam ciia dii ven biln da lam phan hda da dang CQ ty nhign noi day va ngiy cing hinh thinh nhieu CQ nhan sinh. Ciu tnic CQ ciia dai ven bien Quing Ngai kha da dgng, bao gom 3 ldp CQ, 6 phu Idp, 13 hgng CQ vi 73 loai CQ
+ Phy Idp CQ nui trung binh chiem dign tich rat nhd d phia tay huyen Binh Son, phia tay nam Tu NghTa - noi tiep gij^ vdi viing nui Tra Bong. Phy Idp niy chi ed mot hgng CQ trgn day va khoi nui Doc mou mgcn npc, cau tao cnu yeu oai oa macma xiin'nhap, b( chia cat manh, sudn ddc vdi qui trinh sudn thong tri, trupt Id, do vd Hinh thanh d dp c^a tren 500 m. Hgng CQ nay gdm 2 logi CQ diu thanh tgo tren dat feralit dd vang tren di macma axit (Fa) vdi Idp phu thuc vat Ii rimg kin thii sinh (logi CQ so 1) va cay bui - trang cd thii smh (logi CQ so 2).
+ Phu Idp CQ niii thap cd 4 hgng CQ v i 16 loai CQ. Phy Idp niy nam d phia tay dii ven bign - giip vdi cac huygn mien nui trong tinh. Do dp cao giam dan nen phu Idp niy dupc con ngudi khai thac vi sir dung rpng rai, dign tich CQ chiu tic dpng manh ciia hoat ddng sin xuat tang lgn dang ke. Logi CQ rimg trong tren nhieu loai dit khic nhau (loai CQ so 4, 7, 10, 14), hay CQ cay trong lau nam (CQ so 16) va CQ cay trdng hang nam (CQ sd 17) tren dit feralit tren da macma axit (Fa). (5 phy Idp niy, Iogi CQ trang cd cay bui trgn nhigu loai dat khic nhau ciing kha phd bien (CQ s65,8,11,12,15)
+ Phy Idp CQ thung lung v i triing giua mii dupc hinh thanh d ven cic sdng va cic thung lung phan phia tay dii ven biln. Phu Idp nay cd 1 hang CQ trung, thung liing kien tgo xam thyc, tich ty, cd be mat phan bgc, qua trinh ngogi sinh thong tri, xam thyc v i tich tu, vdi 6 logi CQ khac nhau. Nhdm logi CQ tring eay hing nam tren cic loai dat phii sa Ii pho bien ban c i (CQ so 21, 22, 23). 0 nhihig nai cd dp dpc nhd, ven sdng suoi duac ngudi dan dia phuang canh tie nuong ray (CQ so 19). Tuy dign tich khdng ldn nhung hinh thire canh tic niy cd tie ddng mgnh dgn nhiing CQ d dp cap thap ban.
+ Phy Idp CQ doi cap hinh thanh d dp cap 100 - 300m vdi mpt hang CQ doi xam thyc - bdc mdn dgng day cd sudn thoii, cau tgo bdi di khac nhau, bj bien doi manh do qui trinh rua troi, xdi tua. Do dd, tgo thinh nhieu loai dat khac nhau. Hon niia, phu Idp CQ nay chiu tie ddng bdi eac hogt ddng sin xuat cua con ngudi, hign trgng ldp phii thyc vgt bi bien dpng mgnh. Su da dgng cua cae quan xa thyc vat tren cic Iogi dat khae nhau hinh thinh nen 15 Ipgi CQ. Pho biln Ii CQ rimg ti^ng (CQ so 25, 28, 34, 37), CQ cay tiong lau nam fCO so 26: 30.32 381 \!i CQ cay ti-ong hing nim (CQ s6 27,31,33,36, 39) tren cac Iogi dat khac nhau.
+ Phy Idp CQ doi thap: hinh tiianh d dp cao 30 - 100m vdi 2 hgng CQ va 15 loai CQ. Ciing -nhir phu ldp CQ doj can, ph\i ldp TQ p^y dupe ngudi dan Quing Ngai khai thac va sit dung tu lau, do d6 CQ ty nhien bj tie dpng mgnh me, phan Idn la cac CQ cay trong hing nam (CQ sp 43, 46, 49, 54...), CQ cay trong liu nam (CQ so 42,45, 48, 51) tren cic loai dat khac nhau. Ben canh dd la CQ rteg trong (CQ so 40, 50, 53). M6t so nai l i cay byi - tring cd fliir sinh (CQ so 41, 44,47,).
+ Phy Idp CQ dong bing cao: bao gom 14 Iogi CQ dupc hinh thinh tren hai hgng CQ la hgng CQ dong bing tich ty gid biln va dong bang tich ty sdng - biln. Hogt dpng kinh te chinh d phy Ic^
CQ nay la sin xuat ndng - lam - ngu nghiep, chilm dien tich nhd Ii sin xuat muoi (CQ so 57). Cac dii rung ven biln dupc trong tren dat cit va d n cit ven bien (CQ so 55 va 58) cd vai trd to Idn Kpyiu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly todn qude ldn tha 7
Hdi Dia ly Viet Nam Dai hgc Thii Nguygn trong vigc phdng hd va bao ve mdi trudng ven bien. Mdt sd noi tren cac dai con cit cd trang cd va cay byi phat triln manh (CQ sd 59).
B A N Dfl CANil QUA-N D A I V E N D I E N T I ^
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Hinh 1. Bdn dd cdnh quan ddi ven biin tinh Qudng Ngdi
+ Phy Idp CQ dong bing thip la bd phgn dupc hinh thinh d dp cao dudi 10m, thugc hgng CQ dong bang tich ty sdng - bien v i dong bing tich tu aluvi. Cic Iogi CQ thudc phy Idp CQ nay deu la cay trong hang nam trgn rfliieu logi dit khac nhau, thupc hai nhdm dat la nhdm dit phu sa (CQ so 69, 70, 72 v i 73) v i nhdm dat mgn (CQ so 71). Nhirng noi ngj^ nude ven sdng, bien dupc nudi trong thiiy sin.
3,2. Anh hirdng cua bien doi khi hau den cinh quan dai ven bien QuSng Ngai 3.2.1. Biiu hiin cua biin ddi khi hpu d ddi ven biin Qudng Ngdi
Bieu hign ciia BDKH d dii ven biln tinh Cluing Ngai the hign ro qua sy thay doi vl nhigt d$
(kit qui nghien ciiu cua cac de tai cho thiy nhiet dp trang binh tgi Quing Ngai cd xu flie ting (0,013°C/fli^ nign) trong khoang 30 nam gin day) [1], su thay doi luang mua (tang giam 0,013''C khdng dong deu)v.sy gia.tang,tan suit thign tai... Nhiing bieu bien ciia BDKH din CQ dii ven bien Quang Ngai gom myc nude bien dang, nude dang do bao, sdng Idn, sy ha tfiap myc nude vao miia khd... Nhung nguygn nhan nay Iam thay doi ciu tnic, chiie nang va ddng luc biln doi CQ.
So vdi cac yiu to ty nhign khac, fliiiy van la yeu to chiu anh hudng manh me cua BDKH.
Bien dpng cua Iupng mua hang nam lam thay doi ddng chay, sy xam nhap man vao sau trong n§i dong. Dgc bigt, doi vdi Quing Ngai, phia ngoai cac cira sdng Idn thudng duge chin bdi cac cln eat, hg thong sdng Tri Khuc va sdng Ve cd chung cua sdng, vao miia khd, cac con cat di dpng
ng-
Kyyeu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Dia lp todn qude ldn thi 7HOi Dia ly Vi^t Nam Dai hpc Thai Nguygn manh, lam bdi I ^ cua sdng, hgn chg khi nang thoat nude lu trong miia mua, gay hien tuong ngap img tien dien rpng.
BDKH lim suy giim da dang sinh hpc dai ven bien the hien khi ro. Vao miia kho, muc nude giam da tic dpng manh den cic CQ rirng tren vimg mii thap va ddi d phia tay: Xam nhap mgn, nggp lut, xam thue bd bign.., khdng ngimg anh hudng din cac he sinh thai cira sdng, vimg dam lay ven bien vi dii ven bd.
BDKH cdn la nguyen nhan gay sat Id bd bien "Quing Ngai la tinh cd xam thyc bd biln mgnh nhit so vdi cic tinh ven bien mien Trang" [3]. Vi vay, lam biln doi mgnh cic CQ ven bd (CQ so 58), gay ra thigt hgi Idn cho ngudi dan vimg ven biln. Cung nhu cac dia phuang khac, dai ven bien Quing Ngai chinh l i vimg dong bang ciia tinh - nai tgp trang % dan sd Quing Ngai, dai bd biln cdn cd y nghia quan trpng doi vdi cic ca sd hg tang, dg, ke, dudng giao thong, cing, cic di tich lich sit... BDKH anh hudng mgnh den cac boat ddng sin xuat vi khai thac tai nguyen ciia viing.
3.2.2. Tdc dpng eua bien ddi khi hpu din cdu true vd chuc nang cdnh qaan
So sanh vdi ban do CQ dai ven bien Quing Ngai nim 2007, CQ dai ven biln Quang Ngai hign tgi cd nhirng biln ddng khi mgnh Tuy nhien, miic dp biln dpng cua CQ do BDKH bilu hign ro net d nhiing CQ chiu anh hudng raanh ciia qua trinh xdi Id - xam thyc bd bien, xam nhgp man,..
fliupc cac hang CQ dong bing tich tu sdng - biln; ddng bang tich txx gid bien, dong bing tich tu aluvi, vi trung - thung lung giua niii:
+ Phu Idp CQ mii trung bufli va mii thap la it bi bien ddi nhat. Bien doi CQ d cac phu Idp CQ nay so vdi nam 2007 l i sy thu hep dign tich rimg, mdt sd noi bi chay rirng vio miia khd. Miia mua, thudng hi xdi mdn, rua trdi mgnh, nhat l i nhiing CQ cd Idp phu thyc vgt bi pha hiiy manh trgn dd doc khi Idn (> 15°) nhu CQ so 2, 5, 8, 11.. cd nai bj xdi mdn tra sdi di (CQ so 12). Do dd, lim biln doi chiic ning CQ. Trade day, nhiing CQ nay giiia chiic nang phdng hp sin xuit. Tuy nhign, do Idp phu timg bi phi buy, nen trd thinh trang cd cay byi, hogc cac CQ cd tang dat bi mit hoan toan. Cac CQ niy cin dupc phyc hoi rung de chiing thyc hien cac chiic nang CQ ty nhien von cd.
+ Phu Idp CQ thung lung va trung giua niii la noi cd be mat phan bac, trgn cic dp cao khic nhau, con ngudi da su dyng vao trong cay hang nim (CQ so 21,22, 23) v i canh tie nuong ray (CQ so 19). Bien doi CQ d phy ldp niy phy thudc vao miic dp khai thac cua con ngudi. Dong thai, sy bien dong d phy ldp CQ niy cdn chiu anh hudng ciia sy biln ddng d eic Idp CQ cd dp cao ldn ban thdng qua qua trinh cac qua trinh xam thuc va tich ty.
+ Phu Idp CQ doi cao va phy Idp CQ doi thap la nhiing phy Idp CQ bi bign doi mgnh do hogt dgng sin xuat cua con ngudi: sy rad rpng dign tidi cay trong lau nam, rung trong, cay trong hang nam, dat chuyen diing... Cic CQ nay giii chiic nang nang phit trien ndng nghiep doi mii (CQ so 26,30, 32, 38) v i phat trien cdng nghigp - dich vu (CQ so 27, 33, 36). Trong boi einh BDKH hign nay, sy thay doi nhiet dp, luong mua lim gia tang qua trinh xdi mdn, rira trdi d hau hit cic CQ thugc hai phy ldp niy. Thay doi chiic nang CQ do BDKH d day khdng dang ke.
+ Phy ldp CQ dong bing cao v i phu Idp CQ dong bing thap la nhirng don vi CQ chiu inh hudng mgnh ciia BDKH toin cau hign nay. Do nim tren dp cao khdng Idn, d ranh gidi giua luc dia va bien, cac CQ chiu anh hudng mgnh ciia cac qua trinh sdng - bien, nhat l i cac CQ thudng xuygn
•fihiiLtac dpng ciia sdng - thiiy triiu, cac CQ ven sdng hay cac CQ d viing cira sdng triing t h ^ . Nhung Iogi CQ rimg trong tren dat eat va con cat ven bien, dii rimg ngap man ven bien ngay cing thu hgp di|n tich do nhieu nguyen nhan nhu bao, di chuyin ciia cln cat, xam thyc bd bien, tnyc nude biln dang (dan din thay doi dp man)... Nhung CQ bi tic dpng mgnh nhit tiiupc phy Idp CQ dong bang thap, dgc bi|t l i nhung CQ d cua sdng ven bien (CQ so 67, 68, 72, 73) Vao miia Diya bao, sdng Idn v i nude biln dang vua tin phi nang ne dii ven bien, vira hgn ehl viec thoat lu, SfV n g ^ lyt dai ngiy tren dign rdng. Vi vay, nhirng CQ sat bd bien va nhirng CQ vung trung thap t>\ bien ddng rat mgnh. Tir nhiing CQ giu chitc ning san xuit ttd thanh cac CQ nggp img. Nhung
^yyiu Hpi nghj Khoa hgc Dia lp todn qude ldn thd 7
Hoi Dia ly Viet Nam Dai hoc Thai Nguyen bien ddi cau tnic va chiic nang tie dpng manh dgn ddng lyc CQ thdng qua sy bien ddng theo thdi gian v i cudng dp cua cac qua trinh ty nhien nay.
CQ rung nggp man da timg tap trang chu yeu d huyen Binh San, San Tmh, Diic Phd. Nim 2000, dien tich rimg nggp man dgt 200 ha [6], hign nay cdn lai khdng dang kg. Dign tich rimg nggp man hi phi buy do bao, nude bien dang, xdi Id bd bien (va c i do khai thac cua con ngudi), Iam thay ddi ciu tnic CQ manh me, tic ddng trac tilp den cac qui trinh sinh - dia - hda vimg ven bd.
Nhihig CQ rirng ngap mam bi thu hep (CQ so 58, 67, 71) chiu anh hudng mgnh ciia xam thyc, sgt Id bd, xam nhap man vio mua khd, gay thiet hai cho hogt dpng nudi trong thuy hai san.
3.3.3. Xu the bien dpng cdnh quan ddiven bien tinh Quang Ngdi
Hogt ddng phat trien kinh te - xa hpi la nguyen nhan gay biln dpng CQ mgnh me trong thdi gian ngan, Thdng qua hoat dpng sin xuat, khai thic tii nguyen, cpn ngudi" da lam thay doi cic CQ ty nhien v i ngiy cing md rpng CQ nhan sinh. Cung vdi su phit trien kinh t l - xa hdi dai ven bien Quang Ngai va anh hudng cua bien dpng thdi tilt, khi hau hien nay, cd the dy bao xu the bien dong CQ d dai ven bien Quang Ngai nhu sau.
+ Ldp CQ nui it chiu tie dpng cua BDKH, Nhiing bien dpng CQ d day chiu inh hudng mgnh bdi boat dpng canh tie ciia con ngudi (khai thic rimg, khai thac dong cd chan nudi, su dyng dat de trong trpt,..). Tuy nhien, Iupng mua giim, thdi gian mua khd dai han se tie dpng khdng nhd den cac CQ rirng
+ Ldp CQ doi bien dpng CQ the hien qua su gia tang qui trinh xdi mdn, nia trdi d CQ cd dg cao Idn ban, tich tu d nhiing CQ cd dp cao thap ban. Su bien dpng nay phu thupc vao boat dpng nhan tic nhu xay dyng nha miy, kho xudng, bin bai, co sd ha ting khac phuc vu san xuit tren cac CQ cd mgt bing rdng, nin dia chat ran chic (CQ so 50. 51, 52, 53, 54).
+ Ldp CQ dong bing chju tic ddng khi mgnh cua BDKH. Xu thi biln dpng cia CQ lien quan den BDKH bieu hign rd nhat l i cac qui trinh lien quan den nguon nude, sy dao ddng ciia myc nude ngam, ddng chiy mgt, xam nhgp man, sgt Id bd... v i ca nhung CQ dupe hinh thinh do qua trinh tich ty gid - biln. Trong dd, biln dpng CQ dien ra mgnh nhat d CQ rimg trong tren dat cat va con cit ven biln (CQ 55 va 58) theo xu hudng thu hep dien tich rimg, rad rpng dien tich CQ tring cd cay byi. Cic CQ ven sdng Tra Khiic, sdng Ve bi sgt Id bd manh, cae CQ ven bien (nhat la nhimg CQ ed hien trgng Idp phu fliyc vgt bi phi buy) hi sgt Id rit manh. Su gia tang dign tich dit chuygn dimg ciing Ii nguygn nhan lam biln ddng CQ mgrfli me cung vdi inh hudng ciia BDKH d cac CQ ven bd nay.
3.4. D I xuit cic dinh hudng khai t h i c va sir dyng hgfp li lanh thd
Dii ven bien Quing Ngai la mpt bd phgn khdng thi tach rdi vdi viing mii phia tay eua tinh, Cac qui trinh ty nhign va nhiing biln dpng CQ vung mii diu anh hudng true tiep din dii ven biln.
Vigc dg xuat cac dinh hudng khai thac va su dung hpp Ii laifli tho can phai dat dai ven biln tieng moi quan he vdi cac CQ miln mii ciia tinh va cic qua trinh tit bien Ddng. Do vgy, nhdm tic gia dua ra radt so dinh hudng nhu sau:
+ Phuc hdi ehue nang eho eac CQ phdng hp dau nguon v i phdng hp ven biln.
- Doi vdi cie CQ d vung mii phia tay ciia tinh va vung doi mii phia tay dai ven biln cin dugfc bio vg (CQ sd I, 3, 6, 9...) v i phuc h6i rimg (CQ so 2, 5, 8, II, 12, 15...). Tang dp che phii dan nguon, biovB rung phdng hp~dau-nguon va rimg phdng hp sin xuat. Gia tang dign tich ririig nhim hgn che cac qui trinh sudn, xam tfiyc, sat Id dat, gdp phan chiu tilt ddng chay.
^ - Bia ve rimg trpng tt^n cat, rung phdng hp ven bien (CQ SP 55, 58), trang rimg trgn cat, trpng ning nggp man nham co dinh con cat (CQ so 59), chin sdng - gid, xam fliuc ciia sdng - ven bien,... Quang Ngai cd nhieu bai ngang, trong rimg phdng hp ven bien se hgn chi cat bay, cit Ian vio npi dong
+ Khai fliic va sii dung hpp Ii nguon nude: BDKH tie dpng din CQ mgnh nhat qua yeu to fliuy van. Do dd, can dieu tiet ddng chiy, hgn che nggp iing trong mua mua lu (doi vdi cic CQ ven Kyyiu Hpi nghf Khoa hgc Dia lp todn qudc ldn thi 7
Hgi Dja ly Vi^t Nam Dai hpc Thai Nguygn sdng, ven bien), giir nude cho miia khd, giam su ha t h ^ myc nude ngam d hg luu, nham han chi xam nhap man vimg cua sdng - ven bien.
+ Ddi vdi cac CQ hi sat Id raanh, can xay dyng cac cdng trinh chdng sat Id: Ke chong sgt Id d hg luu eie sdng Tri Bdng, Tra Khuc, sdng Ve; Xay dyng cac cdng trinh chdng sgt Id bd bien, gdp phin hgn che khi nang bien ddng cic CQ ven bd, dn dinh san xuat cho ngudi dan. Bing cac bien p h ^ kT thuit: nao vet bai bdi hg luu, rad rpng cira sdng, xay dyng cac khu vyc tranh thien tai..
BDKH dien ra tren quy md toan cau, tic ddng eiia BDKH khdng chi dimg Igi d miic gay biln ddng CQ ty idiign v i mdi tradng dii ven biln Quing Ngai mi tic ddng din nhieu liiih vyc kirdi tg - xa hpi khac, Cac dinh hudng chiing tdi dua ra tien CP sd nghign ciiu CQ mang tinh chat gpi md Day l i ea sd cho dia phuong xay dyng chien lupc iing phd vdi BDKH toin ciu hien nay.
KETLUAN
Trong xu the BDKH hien nay, dii ven bien nude ta ndi chung va Quang Ngai ndi neng la nai bi tic dpng manh me nhit. NCCQ cho phep ngudi nghien cim cd cii nhin tong hpp ve bien dpng CQ ty nhien d hien tgi v i dy bao xu thg bign ddng CQ tuong lai trong boi canh BDKH toin cau,
Bii bio da phan tich dupe inh hudng ciia BDKH din timg hpp phan CQ d dii ven bien va xac dinh dupc nhiing tic ddng cua BDKH den bien ddng can tnic, chiic nang CQ dai ven bien Quang Ngai, Tich hpp giiia nghign ciiu da dgng CQ v i inh hudng ciia BDKH den CQ dii ven bien, cho phep ngudi nghign cira xic dinh duac nhung CQ chiu anh hudng manh nhat cua BDKH la cac CQ ven sdng va ven bien, thudc phy Idp CQ dong bing t h ^ , Xu hudng bien dpng CQ d cac CQ nay dien ra phiic tap va chiu tic dpng tong hpp cua nhieu qua trinh ty nhign Trgn co sd do, bai bao de xuat cic dinh hudng khai thae va sii dyng hop li lanh tho dii ven bien Quing Ngai trade BDKH toin cau theo hudng phat trien ben viing.
T A I Ll£U THAM KHAO
1. Bd Til nguygn v i Mdi tradng (2007), Chuang trinh muc tiiu qudc gia ung phd vai BDKH (Tnin khai thuc hiin Nghi quyit sd 60/2007/NQ - CP ngdy 03/12/2007 cua Chinh phii), HiNdi.
2. Cyc thong ke tinh Quang Ngai (2011), Niin gidm thdng ki tinh Qudng Ngdi ndm 2011, Xxb Thong kg. Ha Npi.
3. Nguyen Van Cu, Phgm Huy Tien (2003), Sgt Id bd bien miln Trung Viet Nam, NXB Khoa hpe va Ky thuat, Ha Npi
4. Pham Hoang Hai, Nguyen Tliupng Himg, Nguyen Ngpc Khinh (1997^, CasdCQ hoc cua vi^c su dung htyp li tdi nguyen thiin nhiin, bdo vi mdi trudng lanh thd Viit Nam, Nxb Giap Due.
5. Trin Thuc v i rmk (2012) Ddnh gid tdc dpng cua biin ddi khi hdu din dpng chdy tinh Qudng Ngdi vd dinh hudng ki hogch hdnh dpng ung phd, Tuyin lap bdo cdo Hpi thdo hhoa hoc gudc gia vi Idti tucmg, thdyvdn, mdi trudng vd biin ddi khi hdu ldn thu XV i^p 1), Vign Khpa hpc khi tupng thuy van va mdi tmdng, Nxb Khoa hpc va KT thuat.
6. Uy ban nhan dan tinh Quang Ngai, Sd KHCN va MT (2000), Bdo cdo tdng kit di tdi Da dgng sinh hoc Qudng Ngdi, Tmdng DH Ndng - Lam, Dai hpc Hui
7. Ngd Doan Vinh va nnk (2005), "Ca sd khoa hoc cho phdt thin kinh ti - xd hpt ddi ven
•" hiin Viit Nam: di~mdtcdc md hinh phdt tnin cho mpt sd khu vuc trong diim", Bao cao tong hop de tai KC.09 -11 (dl tai c ^ Nha nude), Vign Chiin lupc va phat triln.
Kyyiu Hpi ngh] Khoa hgc Dia lp todn qudc ldn thd 7
