Hgi Dia ly Viet Nam Dai hgc Thai Nguygn
NGHIEN CUtJ S i r PHAN HOA CANH QUAN C A C HUYEN VEN BIEN T i N H QUANG NAM
Le Van Thang\ Biii Thi Thu^
Abstract
Studying the territorial differentiation io the coastal districts of Quang Nam province
The analysis of the factors forming the landscape shows that the differentiation of natural conditions in the coastal districts of Quang Nam is very diverse. Base on the classification system consisting Landscape system - Landscape subsystem - Landscape class - Landscape style - Landscape rank - Landscape type - Landscape form. In each classification level, there are some specific criteria. The landscape map in the coastal districts of Quang Nam province which is established at scale 1/50.000 eomprises268 landscape forms Landscape form which is the basic unit can be used to evaluate and classify the favourable level of
landscape for agriculture -forestry in the research area.
I.DATVANDE
Lanh tho eic huygn ven bien tinh Quing Nam cd *eu kign ty nhien da danged khi nang phit trien mgt nen ndng nghigp nhigt ddi vdi thi manh la cay luong thuc va thyc pham. Tuy nhign, trong thye te, sin xuit ndng - Iam nghigp (NLN) cdn manh miin, viec chuyen doi myc dich sit dyng dat cdn ty phat, thilu quy hogch ngn dien tich dit san xuit nong nghigp ngay cingbi thu hep... Vi vay, vigc phan tich cic nhan to thinh tao cinh quan (CQ), xic dinh quy lugt phan hda ciia cic hgp phan thanh tao CQ, lya chgn hg thfing cic tigu chi va chi tigu phan viphu hpp dl thanh lap ban dfi CQ lim CO sd danh gii, de xuat sii dyng hop Iy lanh tho cho phit trien NLN la rat can thiet.
2. PTIUONG P H A P NGHIEN ClTU
Trong qui trinh thyc hien, nhdm tic gii da su dung cic phuong p h ^ nghien ciiu chu yiu nhu sau:
2.1. Phmmg phip thu thip, phan tich - tfing hgp sfi ligu, t i i ligu
Phuang phap thu ihap so ligu, tai lieu dugc su dyng de tien hanh thu tfalp eac so lieu ve tii nguyen, dilu kign ty nhien, KTXH cua cac huygn ven biln tinh Qamg Nam gom eic tii ligu, bio cao va sfi sich luu trii; cic sfi ligu khio sit, do dgc ngoii tiiyc dia v i do dim, tinh toan tren bin dfi.
Phuang p h ^ phan tieh - tong hgp l i phuang phi^ xic dinh tinh phan di chung nhit cua lanh tho dya tren kit qui nghien cuu va phan tich hg thong. Bing each nay, cac loai CQ cung da dugc tfi hgp thinh ma trgn dl xay dyng hg thfing phan Iogi CQ khi thinh I ^ ban dfi CQ cic huygn ven bien thih Quing Nam.
2.2. Phmmg phip khao sit tbijx. dia
Trong qui trinh khao sat thyc dia, nhdm tie gii da doi chilu, bo sung nliieu thdng tin can thiet m i cic phuang phip khie khdng cung cap hoac cung cap chua chinh xic. Trong cic dgt di thyc dia vio nam 2011, 2012 va 2013, ngoai vi|c tiiyc hi^n khio sit theo cic tuyin Bic - Nam va Tay - Ddng t h i ^ n khio satchi tilt tai mpt sfi ^em chia khdanhu Cam Ha. Dign Ducmg, Duy Tin, Bmh Phu, t a m Tiiang, t a m Tlignh, Tam My Ddng...de thiy dugc sy phan hda lanh tho theo dg cao va theo vimg.
1 Viin Tdi nguyin vd Mdi trudng - Dgi hgc Hui 2 Trudng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc - Dgi hgc Hui
Kpyeu Hpi ng/ii Khoa hgc Dfa tp todn qude ldn tha 7
Hgi Dia ly Vigt Nam Dai hgc Thii Nguyen 2.3. Phmmg phap thanh l$p bin do canh quan
D I xay dung bin do CQ cic huygn ven bien tinh Quing Nam, tren co sd xay dyng he thdng phan Ioai CQ phii hgp, lua chgn cie chi tigu phan Iogi, tic gia da phan tich lien hgp va chfing xep cic ban dd thanh phin ed ciing ty Ig 1:50.000 nhu bin do dia hmh, bin dfi dat, bin do thim tiiyc vat, ban dfi sinh khi hau... de khoanh cic don vi CQ dya vao bang chu giii dgng "ma trin" cua bin do CQ cic huygn ven bien Quing Nam. Laaivi dang CQ ii kit qui giao thoa giiia hang va cdt trong bang chii giii dgng ma trgn ndi tren.
3. Npi DUNG NGHIEN CUtJ
3.1. Phan tich cac nhin to thinh tao canh quan cac huyen ven bien tinh Quang Nam Cic nhSn to t u nhign
3.U. Vitridialp
Cic huyen ven biln tinh Quing Nam duge gidi hgn trong hg tpa dp dia Iy tit I5°I8'26.6" den l5°58'45.8"vTBicvatii 108''2'22.5" din I08°44'19.8" kinh Ddng.
Phia Ddng giip vdi bien Ddng; phia Bic giip vdi thanh phfi Da Nang; phia Nam vdi tinh Quing Ngai; phia Tay g i ^ vdi cic huygn Dai Lpc, Que Son, Higp Diic, Tign Phudc, Phii Ninh v i Bic Tri My cua tinh Quing Nara.
Vdi vi tri niy da ehi phfii den nen ting nhigt am, dat dai, dia hinh. d lanh thfi nghien cim tao nen sy phin hda da dgng eiia cinh quan.
3.L2. Bia chdt
Tren quan diem nghien cim dgc dilm dia chat phuc vu viec xic \^ co sd khoa hgc dia Iy cho phit triln NLN, can xem xet ve cic nhdm di me cd anh hudng den qua trinh hinh thinh dit, mgt nhan to quan trgng trong qua trinh thanh tgo cinh quan. Da me quyit dinh din nhihig tinh chit ciia
^ nhu mau sic, Iogi dit, dp phi tiem tang cua dat... Trong pham vi cic huygn ven biln tinh Quing Nam cd mat cic thanh tgo dia chat tii tufii tit Proterozoi din Dg tii, bao gfim cic nhdm di biln chat, da tram tich, da magma xam n h ^ va da phun trio.
Vdi nhieu Ioai di me khic nhau nhu tren da tgo nen sy da dgng ciia cac Iogi dat, tgo dieu kign de bo tri nhieu Ioai cay trong vgt nudi khac nhau.
3.L3. Dia kinh - ^ mgo
Dia liinh d cac huygn ven bien Quang Nam t h ^ dan tit Tay sang Ddng va cd the phan chia Ihanh 3 khu vuc nhu sau:
- Nlii cd do cao tuygt dfii tren 300 v i dp cao tuong ddi tren 100 m phan bo d phia Tiy vi Nam cua huyen Nlii Tliinh, Tay Nam ciia huyen Tiling Binh va Duy Xuygn vdi dign tich 9.318 ha.
Dia hinh hi cat xe mgnh v i sudn dfic tren 20° nen hinh thanh cac kilu dia hinh sudn xim thyc do Id va sudn nia trdi xam thyc.
- Ddi Ii vung chuyen tiep giiia vimg nui va vimg dong bang ven bien vdi dign tich khoing 55.827ta bao gfim cac nhdm v i day doi cd dg cao tir 20 den 300m, dp cao tuong doi tii 20 - 100m.
Dp dfic TB tir 15 - 20°, dja hinh dgc trung ed dang bit up v i lugn sdng, muc dg chia cit TB vdi cic kieu dia hinh sudn nia trdi xam thyc, sudn riia trdi bl mat, be mat nia troi xam thyc, be mgt tich ty diy thung liing va bai bfii ven sdng,
- Ddng bdng Ii khu vyc cd dg cao tiiygt doi dudi 20m Oik ca dam phi v i ba bien dai 125km).
Dign tich dong bing Quing Nam rgng ldn, gin 82 300ha nhung Iai bi chia cit bdi hg thong cic song Tliu Bon, Tam Ky, Tmdng Giang, Bin Dmh... CJ giua dong bing cd xen lan mpt sfi gd dfii cao Kpyiu Hpi nghi Khoa hge Dia lp ioda qudc ldn thd 7
Hoi Dia ly Viet Nam Dai hgc Thai Nguyen hoTi 20 ra nhu d Dien Tiln (Dicn Ban), Binh An (Thing Binh); d cac xa, phudng ciia tiianh pho Tam Ky va cac xa Tam Tien, Tam Xuan, Tam Anh, Tam My (Niii TTianh).. Doc tiieo ven biln cdn cd cic dai cdn cat cao ban 10m nhu d Thing Binh, Tam Ky va Niu Tliinh. Nhu vay, trong khu vuc nay chii yeu la kieu dia hinh tich tu cd ngudn gdc sdng, bien va sdng - biln hon hgp,
3.1.4. Khi hau
Cac huyen ven biln tinh Quang Nam nim trong khu vyc cd khi hgu nhigt ddi gid miia dien hinh vdi nen nhiet eao va luong mua ldn Lupng biic xa tong egng thyc tl dao dpng tii 130 den 145 kcal/cmVnam. Tong so gid ning tmng binh (TB) nam tit 2 200 - 2 300 gid. Via mita he: 6 khu vyc phia Nam cd hudng gid thinh hinh la Tay Nam, trong khi dd d phia Bie tit thing IV din thing Vl cd hudng gid thinh hanh l i hudng Ddng, vao miia dong: Hudng gid thinh hinh d khu vuc phia Bic la Bic den Tay Bic, d khu vyc phia Nam la Bic den Dong Bic. Nhiet do TB hang nam it dao dpng, d dfing bing ven bien tir 25 - 26°C, d mien mii tiiy tiieo do cao m i giim xuong dudi 25°C. Tuong ling vdi sy giim nhiet dd theo dg cao, tfing nhigt dp nam cung giim theo do cao dia hinh. 0 khu vyc cd dp cao dudi lOOm, tfing nhigt dd nam dat tren 9.000*C; khu vyc cd dg cao khoang 100 - 600m, tong nhigt do dao ddng 8,000 - 9 000°C va nhiing khu vyc tren 600m tong tich dn thudng dudi8.000°C[l].
Tong lugng mua nam d cic huygn ven bien Quing Nam kha phong phu v i phan bo cd xu hudng tang theo dd cao dia hinh, Khu vyc ven biln cd tong lugng mua nam khoing 2200-2500mm, trong khi d khu vuc doi mii phia Tay thi luong mua nam cd the dat 4000mm/nam.Dd i m khong khi TB nim li tit 83 din 87%. Lugng boc hai d dfing bing Idn hon d vung mii, TB d dong bang ven bien cd tdng Iupng bfic hoi dao ddng trong khoang 1.000- 1.100mm, d vimg mii tit 600 -700mm.
Mua bao chinh tai lanh thd nghien ciiu xiy ra vio thing X va thing XI. Nhiing nam cosy ket hgp cua bao vi ip t h ^ nhigt ddi da gay ra nhirng tran mua rat ldn tap tmng trong vai ngiy thudng giy ra lu ldn, anh hudng din ddi sfing v i sin xuit Ngoai ra, hing nam cd 50-55 ngay gid Tay Nam khd ndng xuit hign sdm nhat vio euoi thing II, dau thing TIT; mudn nhit l i vio diu thing X. TB moi dgt gid Tay khd ndng keo dii tit 3 din 5 ngiy, my nhien cd dpt keo dii tir 21 din 23 ngay [I].
3.1.5. Thuy vdn
Trong khu vue nghien eiiu cd eic hg thfing sdng chinh l i song Thu Bon, sdng Tam Ky, sdng Trudng Giang, sdng Ly Ly. Ngom ra, cdn cd nhieu nhanh sdng nhd (sdng Trau, sdng Chg, sdng Ba Tlie..); cic kgnh muong thuy Igi ngi dong, hg thfing eic hfi chua nuac nhu ho Phii Ninh vdi dung' tich 344 km', ho VTnh Trinh, ho Tligch Bin vdi tong dung tich khoang 29 tngu m' va nhilu dgp dang cd hg thfing de ngan mgn khoing 200 km cdng vdi hing tram trgm bam dign Idn nhd phyc vu tudi tieu cho ndng nghiep.
Ket qua dieu tra khio sit cho thiy ngufin nude ngim d cic huygn^en biln tinh Quing Nam khi phong phii, cd trii luong va chit lugng tot. Dy bio tiem nang nude ngam d day khoang 3.540.000m^ phin Idn muc nude ngam d dg sau 3 - 4m chilm 40%; tit 0,5-lm chilm 10%; I-2m chilm 30% v i tifS^m^cbiem khdihg"20% dien tich khao sit.
3.1.6. Thd nhudng
Vdi su chi phoi cua trie lugng hinh thai dia hinh v i tinh chat phiic tap ciia nen nham nen 6 lanh tiio nghign ciiu cd Idp phii thfi nhuong rit da dang, cd thi phan thinh 8 nhdm vdi 23 Ioai dit chinh vdi dign tich va ty Ig cua tiing Iogi dugc thi hign d bing 1.
Kp yiu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Dfa ifiod^T^,^ i^^ ^^j^j
Hgi Bia ly Viet N a m
STT
1 2
3 4 5
D a i hoc T h a i NguySn Bang 1. Dien tich cdc logi ddi a cdc huyen ven bien linh Qudng Nam
Ten loai dat j Ky hieu I Nhom bai cat, con cat va dat cat bien Con cat tring
Dat cat bien
Cc C II. Nhom dat mgn Dat m i n sii, vet, dude
Dit m^n nhigu Bit mgn it va TB
Mm M i l
M
Dicn tich (ha)
22.769,72 10 061,36
977,67 1.759,53 8.785,87
T y l 6 ( % )
14,3 6,3
0.6 l.I 5,5 III. Nhom dat phen
6 Bit phen tiem lang sau, mgn [ Sp2M 1.686,70
!,!
IV. Nhdm dat phu sa 7
8 9 10 11 11
Dit phii sa dugc boi, chua Dat phu sa khong dugc boi, chua
B i t phu sa gley Bit phu sa co ting loang 16 do vang
Bat phii sa ngoi sufii Bit phii sa tren nen cat bien
Pbc Pc Pg Pf Py P/c
12.782,09 3.196,97 6.577,27 7.032.13 2.014,59 573,26
8,0 2,0 4,1 4,4 1,3 0,4 V. Nhdm dat xam
13 14 15
Bat xam tren phii sa co Bat xam tren magma axit v i da cat
Bit xam bgc mau trgn pliii sa co
X Xa B
10.970,2 27.14,93 2.213,40
6,9 1,7 1,4 VI. Nhom dat dd vang
16 17 18 19 20 21
Bat nau tim tren d i set miu tim Dit dd vang tren d i set va bien chit
Bit vang d6 tren d i magma axit B i t vang nhat Uen da cat Bat d6 vang trgn phu sa cfi Bat d6 vang bien doi do trong liia nude
Fe Fs Fa Fq Fp FI
814,73 23.565,96 13.722,89 3.527,76 6.595,65 1.629.56
0,5 14,8
8,6 2,2 4,2 1,0 ' Vll. Nhdm dat thung lung
t
23
Bat thimg lung do s i n pham dfic tu | D
B i t x6i in6n t m sdi da __, Ao, ho, dam
m T^m
E
3 616,97
2.602,43 8.597,35 158.789,0
2,3
1,6 5,4 100 Ngudn: Tinh todn ta bdn dd ddt cdc huyin ven biin tinh Qudng Nam Sy phan bfi ^ t dai theo lanh tho nhu sau: phia Ddng g i ^ bien Ii nhdm dat cit; dpc theo dam dat phen, man; dgc sdng sufii la nhdm dit phu sa v i d vimg doi niii Ii nhdm dat dd ving.
p h i l i
Kpyiu Hpi nghf Khoa hgc Dia lp lodn qudc ldn tha 7
H6i Dia ly Viet Nam Dai hgc Thii Nguyen 3.1.7. Thdm thuc vgt
Tham thuc vat d cic huyen ven bien tinh Quing Nam chiu sy tic dgng tong hgp cua cic yeu tfi nhigt v i im, dia hinh, Idp phii thd nhudng, tic ddng nhan sinh ngn c6 sy phan hda theo hudng tir Tay sang Ddng. Vl phia Tay, tren dii ddi mii, chii ygu l i tham thyc vgt tu nhign vdi cac cay go, cay byi thir sinh Ian it cay go t ^ , xen vdi cac khoinhrimg trong. Vung dfing bing phia Ddng chu yeu Ii thim cay trfing ndng nghigp. Tren con cit Ii thim cay lum byi hoang dgi phan bo rai rac xen lan vdi mgt so dign tich cay trfing ndng nghiep va rimg phdng hg.., [4].
Tren CO sd phan tich cac ngufin tai ligu [4, 5] kit hpp vdi khao sit thyc dia, cd thi phan chia tham thyc vat thiiih cac kieu thim nhu sau:
- Tliim thyc vit tu nhien gfim rimg kin thudng xanh mua am nhigt ddi, tring cd va ciy bui thir smh.
- Thim thyc vat nhan tic gdm rimg trong, liia, hoa miu v i cay cdng nghigp ngin ngiy, cay lau nim v i ciy trfing d khu dan cu
3.2, Hogt dgng nhan tic
Hoat ddng nhan tic ciia con ngudi l i nhan to quan trgng trong hinh thinh vi phit trien CQ.
Vdi hch sii khai thac lau ddi, dan cu tgp trung ddng due vdi mgt dd din so trung binh nam 2011 Ii 528 ngudi/km^ da lim cho dit d, dit chuyen dimg ciing ngiy cing dugc md rdng; viee xay dyng he thdng thuy Igi, ho djqi chiia nude d Cao Ngan, Phudc Ha, Ddng Tien (Tiling Binh), Vinh Trinh (Duy Xuyen) giiip dilu tilt ddng chay, chii dgng nude tudi vao mua khd, tigu thoat nude vao miia mua da Iam thay doi cin can nhiet - am ciing nhu nhip digu phit triln cua CQ; trong qui trinh canh tac, ndng dan Iam tang dd phi cho dit bing cich bdn phan, cii tgo dat, xay dyng cic dgp ngan man de day liu xam nhip mgnd cic sdng Thu Bon, Tam Ky... Ben cgnh nhirng boat dgng tich eye, con ngudi eiing gay ra nhilu tie dgng tigu eye, lim thay doi CQ theo chilu hudng xau di nhu vigc canh tic khai thic biia bai tren vung doi mii dan den hinh thanh cic tring cd, cay byi; du lugng thuoc trii sau, phan bdn hda hpc trong ndng nghiep, thiic an trong cac dim nudi trfing thiiy sin dua ra sdng, bien Iam d nhiem dat, 6 nhiem nguon nude, anh hudng tdi hg sinh thai rimg nggp mgn; vigc khai thic khoing san, md dudng giao thong, xay dyng eae cdng trinh thiiy dign d viing thugng luu he thfing sdng Vu Gia-Thu Bdn.. da Iam thay dfii dia hinh; phi v5 can bing trpng lyc cua CQ, Iam di ehuyen khoi Iupng vat chat Idn trong CQ; tang xdi mdn, sat Id bd vung cira sdng ven bien; boi ty va ling dgng vat chat d Idng sdng, cita bien...
Cin cii vao miic dg biln dfii cua CQ va trgng thai dien the cua tham thuc vat tren cac nen tho nhuong khic nhau, cd thi phan ehia miic dg nhan tic tiianh 5 c ^ :
- Tic ddng yiu, gin nhu nguyen trang (Tl) xay ra d nhiing vung mil cd tiiim thyc vgt gan nhu nguyen trang la rimg tu nhien (rimg phdng hg, rimg die dyng, khu bio tfin thien nhien).
- Tic ddng mgnh, cd khi nang phuc hfii chgm (T2) xiy ra d khu vvc mii da khong cd rimg eay hogc do con ngudi chgt phi rimg lim thay doi thim thyc vgt tir rimg ty nhien thinh trang cd vi cay byi thii sinh d vung doi niii haac d nhimg vimg dit cit, it cd khi nang dua vio canh tic ndng nghigp.
- Tic dgng tich cyc thudng xuyen (T3) xiy ra d vung dfing bing hogc dfii tiiap, noi tiiuin lgi eho trong lua nude, hoa mau va cay cdng nghiep ngin ngiy. Con ngudi tiiudng xuygn bdn phin, Iam cd, cham bdn,... da phuc hoi chit Iupng dit va dem Iai nguon Ipi luong thyc, thyc pham ti-ong cugc song hing ngay.
- Tic ddng tich cue khdng tiiudng xuygn (T4) xiy ra d nhiing khu vyc dia hinh hai doc, tiiugn tien cho vige trfing rimg hogc trong ciy tao bdng mit trong khu dan eu.. Vigc trfing rimg cho phep Iam tang ty Ie che phii rimg va giim dign tieh dit chua sii dyng c i d vimg doi mii iSn dong bang
H6i Dia Iy Vi^t Nam Dai hgc Thai Nguyen - Tic dpng tich cyc tiieo thdi vy (T5) xay ra d nhiing khu vyc dia hinh tiioai, gin khu dan cu, giao tiidng tiiugn tign cho vigc van chuyen sin pham. Thim thyc vgt chu yeu la cac quan hop cay trfingdiingay nhu caosu, dieu...
Phan tich cac nhan to thinh tao CQ d cac huygn ven biln tinh Quang Nam cho thay giira chiing CO mfii quan he chat che, tac dpng qua lgi vdi nhau trong mgt the thong nhit, tao nen sy phin hoi vi Iam bien dfii CQ hign tgi ngay cang nhilu.
3.3. Nghign cmi sur phin hoa canh quan cac huyen ven bign tinh Quang Nam 3.3.1. Hi thdngphdn logicdnh quan
Qua xem xet hg thong phan Iogi eua eic tie gii di tmdc, dgc bigt l i he thfing phan Ioai CQ ciia Nguygn Thinh Long v i egng su (I993)[3], Pham Hoang Hii (1997) [2], kit hgp vdi vigc phan tich cic nhan tfi tiianh tgo cinh quan d ty lg ban dfi 1/50.000 va myc dich nghign ciiu, he thfing phin Ioai CQ rigng cho cic huyen ven biln tmh Quing Nam da dugc xay dung bao gfira cae cap.
He CQ - Phu hg CQ - Ldp CQ - ICilu CQ - Hgng CQ - Logi CQ - Dgng CQ.
3.3.2. Hp thdng chi tiSu
Trong moi c ^ ciia hg thfing phin Iogi cd cic chi tieu cu thi nhu sau:
- Hi CQ: Hg CQ niy dupc quy dinh bdi su mong tie giua vi tri dta ly vdi ngudn ning lugng biic xa mat trdi mi lanh tho nghien ciiu nhin dugc.
- Phu hi CQ.Cac huygn ven bien tinh Quang Nam nim d viing tiiap phia Nam deo Hii Van vdi cd nhigt dp TB tiiang T tien 20''C (Da Ning 2T,6''C, Tam Ky 2I,4°C, Tri My 20,7''C). Mgt khic, lanh thfi nghign ciiu tiep tyc bi phan hda siu sic bdi su tuong tic giua hoan luu khi quyin va dia hinh nen dugc xic dinh thugc phy hg CQ nhigt ddi gid mua khdng ed miia ddng.
- Ldp CQ:Bac film can tnic hmh thii dia hinh da chi phoi tinh chit phi dia ddi cua eic ldp CQ d lanh tiio nghien cim nhu sau:
+ Ldp CQ niii: cd dg cao tuygt dfii trgn 300m.
+ Ldp CQ dfii: cd do cao tuyet doi tir 20 - 300m + Ldp CQ dfing bang, cd do cao tuygt dfii nhd hon 20m.
- Kiiu CQ: Vigc phan chia kieu CQ dya vio kilu thim thyc vgt - nhirng chi thi ve dgc diem ciia cic kieu sinh - khi hau, dfing thdi la ca sd de phan chia ra cac kilu CQ.
- Hgng CQ: Chi tieu co ban dupc su dyi^ dl xic dinh sy phan hda c ^ hgng CQ Ii cic kieu dia hmh dupc phan chia theo ngufin goc phit smh, do cao dia hinh va eie qui trinh ngogi sinh.
- Logi CQ: Tir c ^ hgng CQ cd the xic dinh cip loai CQ dya vio sy gifing nhau tuong doi ciia cic dang dia Iy uu thi vl hudng phit triln, tire l i sy kit hgp ciia cac kieu thim thyc vgt theo nguon gfic phit sinh voi Iogi dit.
- Dgng CQ: Dgng CQ la mpt tong hgp thi lanh thfi tu nliien dfing nhit ve nham thach, mpt tieu to hgp dit, mfit tilu tfi hgp thyc vgt (microcombinaison) tren ciing mgt dgng trung dia hinh theo phit sinh, cd cimg bien p h ^ nhan tie v i bien p h ^ su dyng bio vg, cii tao
3.3.3. Thdnh lap bdn dd canh quan cdc huyin ven bien tinh Qudng Nam
De thanh Igp bin dfi CQ cic hyy^n ven biln tinh Quing Nam, sau khi xay dyng hg thfing phan logi thi cin thanh lap bing chii giii dang "ma tran". Bang chii giii niy Ii tai ligu viia chiia dyng cic thong tin mpt cich co dgng viia the hien rd ciu tnic, chiic nang v i dgng lyc CQ vdi cic cj^ ciia hg thfing phan loai CQ dugc xip vio 2 nhdm: nen tang nhigt - am dugc sip xip theo hing ngang cdn nen ting dmh duong v i vat chit rin dugc xip theo cgt dgc.
f^Pyiu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Dia lp todn qudc ldn tha 7
Hgi Dia ly Viet Nam Dai hgc Thai Nguyen
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Hinh 1. Thu nhd vd trich luge ta bdn dd CQ cdc huyin ven biin tinh Qudng Nam
Trgn CO sd chfing ghep cic bin dfi thinh phin, bin dfi CQ cic huyen ven biln tinh Quang Nara d ty lg 1/50.000 dugc thinh lgp the hign 268 dgng CQ vdi co sd dii: ligu kem theo. Moi dgng CQ tren bin dfi eho thiy dupc vi tri phan bo v i dgc dilm cua nd (thdng qua bang chu giii) nhu dp cao, Iogi dat, do doc, tang day, da me, khi hgu, chi dg hoin luu gid mua, kilu thim thyc vat, mire dd nhan tac..
3.4. Dae diem canh quan cic huy$n ven bien tinh Quing Nam
Lanh tho cic huyen ven biln tinh Quing Nam nim trgn trong vung ngi chi tuyen Bic Bin cau nen thugc hg CQ nhiet ddi gid mua Dong Nam A, phu hg einh quan nhiet ddi gid miia khong cd raua ddng vi cd nhiet dp TB thing I tren 20°C vdi 3 ldp CQ (mii, doi v i dfing bing). Do inh hudng cua dia hinh dan den sy phin hda dgc dilm sinh khi hgu hinh thinh 1 kilu thim thyc vgt kieu CQ rimg kin thudng xanh mua am nhiet ddi. Xet ve ngufin gfic hinh thinh va cic qui trinh ngoai sinh thi lanh flio^ghien cuu cd sy phan hda thinh 9 hang CQ nhu sudn mii xam thyc do Id, sudn nui iiia trdi xam thyc, sudn dfii rua trdi xam thuc, bl mat dfii rOra trdi xam thyc, sudn doi rua trdi be mgt, be mgt tich tu diy thung liing, bai boi ven song, be mgt dong b i i ^ tich ty mai mdn vi be mgt dong bang tich ty. Tren co sd kit hpp giiia kieu thim thyc vgt, miic dg nhan tic va logi dat, d lanh thfi nghign ciiu cd sy phan hda thanh 268 dgng CQ khic nhau.
Kyyiu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Dfa lp todn gudc ldn tha 7~
Hoi Dia iy Viet Nam Dai hoc Thai Nguyen
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Qua nghien ciiu su phan hda lanh thd cac huygn ven bien tinh Quang Nam co the nit ra mdt so ket luan sau:
- Cic nhan to tu nhien thanh tao CQ ciia cac huyen ven bien tinh Quang Nam cd su phan hda da dgng v i phuc tgp. Ben canh dd, vdi hch sii khai thic lanh tho lau ddi nen d daycd su tic dpng Tnaifrciia cac-hoatdpng nhan sinh d nhieu cap dp khic nhau.
- Tren co sd xem xet hg thong phan Ioai cua nhieu tic gia van dyng vio die thii ciia lanh tho, tic gii da xay dung hg thong phan loai CQ rieng cho cac huygnven bien Quang Nara vdi cic chi tigu phin Iogi cu till.
- Kit qui nghien cim da lim rd dugc quy luit phin hda CQ cic huyen ven bien tinh Quang Nam. Ban do phin logi CQ cac huyen ven biln Quang Nam, ty Ie 1/50 OOOed 7 cip phan vi' Hg CQ - Phu hg CQ - Ldp CQ - ICilu CQ - Hgng CQ - Loai CQ - Dang CQ vdi 268dang cinh quan, trong Kpyiu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Dia lp todn qudc ldn tha 7
Hoi Dja ly Viet Nam Bai hpc Th ai Nguyen d6 dang CQ chinh la don vi C0 sd de tien tdi danh gia thich nghi sinh thai CQ cho phat trien san xuit NLN,
- Nghien cim danh gia kinh te sinh thai CQ la co sd khoa hoc de de xuat nhOng dinh hudng quy hoach lanh tho phat trien kinh te noi chung va phat trien NLN ndi neng mot each ben vdng
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O
1 Dinh Phung Bao va nnk (2001), £»cfc di&m Idii hgu, thuy vdn tinh Qudng Nam, Trung tam Du bao Khi tuong - Thuy van Quing Nam.
2. Pham Hoang Hai va nnk (1997), Ca sa cinh quan hoc ciia vile sir dung hap li> lai nguyin thien nhiin, bdo ve moi truang Idnh thd Viit Nam, Nxb Giao due.
3. Nguyen Thanh Long va nnk (1993), Nghiin cim xdy dung bdn di cinh quan cic ty li trin lanh thd Viel Nam, Trung tam Dia ly Tai nguyen - Vien Khoa hoc Viet Nam, Ha Ngi.
4. Dang Trung Thuan (2008), Bdo cdo chuyin di Phin vimg din bd Quing Nam cho muc dich sie dung vi quan ly. Ha Ndi.
5. Tran Van Y va nnk (2006), Nghien cim xiy dung cac giii phdp tdng thi sir dmg hap If cdc dii cdt ven biin miin Trung tii Quing Binh den Bmh Thudn, Bao cao ket qua de tai KHCN cap Nha nude. Ma so KC. 08-21, Vl8n Dia ly, HaNoi
Kyyeu H0i nghi Khoa hoc Dia (j> loan quae idn thi: 7
