Nghien ciiu - Trao doi Top chl WngJ
KIEM SOAT, NGAN CHAN NHOM LOI ICH 6 VIET NAM HIEN NAY
NGUYEN VAN CHUNG*
Trong th&i gian gdn My, nhieu bdi viit, de tdi nghien cuu M bu&c ddu ldm sdng td, nhdt la trin phuang diin ly luan mpt so vdn M ve "nhom lai ieh ", nhung vdn chua phdn dnh ^ac My dd dac diim, bdn chat, phuong thiec tdc dpng, nguyin nhan hinh thdnh "nhom lpi ich". Chinh vi vpy, viic tiip tuc ldm sdng to nhieng vdn M trin si gop phdn nhgn thuc My du, sdu sde han tdc dpng, hgu qud cua "nhom lai ich ", Idm ca s& cho viic M ra cdc gidi phdp kiim sodt, ngdn chgn co hiiu qud "nhom Ipri ich" &
Viet Nam hiin nay.
1- "Nhdm Igi ich" la tap hgp co tinh ty phat hoae ty giae nhung hoan toan tti nguyen cfta nhftng ngudi cd chung muc dich, chung lgi ich. Hoat ddng chu yeu cua "nhdm lgi ich" la tim each tac ddng den viec hogch dinh va thuc hien chinh sach lam sao cd lgi nhat cho nhdm minh. "Nhdm lgi ieh" vfta ed tac dgng tieh eye, vfta tigu cue dgn lgi ich chung cua toan xa hpi. Nhtmg "nhdm lgi ich" nao dat dugc Igi ich cho nhdm minh ma khdng lam tdn hai dgn lgi ieh chung cfta xa hdi, cua edng ddng la nhftng "nhdm lgi ieh" tich cue va thudng la nhiing nhdm hogt ddng cdng khai. Ngugc lai, nhiing "nhdm lgi ich" ma boat dpng chi vi lpi ich efta nhdm minh, gay tdn hgi ddn lgi ich eua cac nhdin khac, dge biet la din lgi ieh chung ciia qudc gia, dan tdc, la nhung "nhdm Igi ich" tieu cyc*".
Ci Viet Nam, khai niem "nhdm Ipi ich"
thudng dugc hilu theo nghia tigu cue. Vdi quan niem nay, "nhdm Iqi ich" khdng dugc hilu la igi ich cfta giai cip, ting ldp xa hpi ma la lgi ich cua rapt thieu sd ngudi cd quan he mat thilt vdi nhau, tim each mang lai lgi ieh cho nhdm mmh, di ngugc lgi Igi ich chung cfta qude gia, dan tdc. Day la nhung "nhdra lgi ich" cin phai dugc kiem soat va ngan chgiL
p Viet Nam, nhung nam qua, do su phat trien nhanh chdng ciia kinh te - xa hpi va ^ trinh hdi nhap qude te sau rpng, bgn canh
"nhdra lgi ich" tich cue da xuit hien ngay cang nhigu "nhdm lgi ich" tieu cue, da va dang anh hudng, tae ddng den mgi mat efta ddi sdng xa hdi, nhit la d nhung nganh, Hnh vuc quan ttpng, Uen quan tnic tilp din cuge sdng cua cac tang ldp nhan dan, nhu quan ly dit dai, tai chmh - ngan hang, dau Ur xay dung ca ban, khai tiiac tai nguygn. Tham chi, "nhdm lgi ieh"
tieu eye cdn xuat hien d mpt s6 nganh, Ikih vuc vdn vln duae eoi la tdn nghiem, Hgn quan din an ninh qudc gia, nhu cdng tac td chftc - can bp, phdng, chdng tpi phgm,... Mdt loat vu an tham nhiing, kmh te nghiem ttpng, phftc tap bi khm td, dieu tia, ttuy tl, xet xu ttong tiidi gian gin day Ugn quan den nhilu td chuc dang dang vign, ttong dd cd ca can bg lanh dao cao cap cho thay, "nhdm lgi ieh" da leo cao ludn sau vao ttong bp may Dang va Nha nudc de dpa din su tdn vong cua Dang va chl do '
* TS, Tap chi Cpng san
(1) Nguyln Ng9c Ha (Chii bien): Lai ich nhom ' nhom lai ich a Viet Nam hien nay, Nxb. Khca h ^"
hpi. Ha Noi, 2015, tr. 63 '^ ^^
48 S6 937 (thang 3 nam 2020)
Nghien ciki - Trao doi Top chf Cpng s d n
Nhin rapt each tdng thi, ttong pham vi qudc gia, chua cd sy lung d o ^ cfta "nhdra lgi ieh" tigu eye, nhung da cd bigu hien, tac dpng ciia "nhdm lgi ich" ldn qua trinh hoach dinh va thuc thi chinh sach. Tren binh dign nhd han, d mgt sd tinh, bd, nganh da cd su lung dogn cua
"nhdm lgi ich" ddi vdi ehinh quygn; cd noi
"nhdm lgi ich" da can thiep sau vao qua trinh hudng lai chmh sach d mpt sd linh vyc. Sy chi phdi, liing dogn vl kinh tg sdm hay mupn ciing din din sy chi phdi cdng tac td chuc - can bd va lung doan ve chinh tri tren eac phgm vi khae nhau'^l Day la dieu vd cung nguy hiem.
\^gc Bd Chinh tti, Ban Bi thu trong nhiera ky Idida XII thi hanh ky luat mdt sd td chftc dang (Ban can sy dang Bd Cdng Thuong, Ban can su dang Bg Thdng tin va Truygn thdng. Ban Tiiudng vy Thanh uy Da Nang,...) da minh chftng cho nhgn dinh tren.
Vgy "nhdm lpi ich" tieu eye co dge digm gi ma ed dugc sy can thiep, tae ddng ldn nhu vay, cd thg chi phdi, thao tftng hudng lai qua ttinh hogch dinh va thyc thi chmh sach, lam suy thoai ve tu tudng chinh tri, dgo dfte, Idi song cfta mpt bd phgn can bd, dang vign, gay bftc xuc, bat binh, lam xdi mdn niera tin cfta nhan dan vdi Dang va Nha nudc? Truac hit, can khang dioh, "nhdm lgi Ich" tigu eye d Vigt Nam rat da dgng, phftc tap, lign quan din nhung ngudi ed ehfte, cd quygn, nhat la lign quan dgn can bp tiong bg may cdng quygn.
Dd ed the la nhiing can bd d cap Trung uong, cap tinh, cap huyen, cap xa, thgm chi cdn nam ttong ca cac ca quan bao ve, thuc thi phap luat, cac doanh nghiep,... "Nhdm lgi ich" phin ldn nim bdn ttong ca ciu quyln luc, dugc td chftc chat che, nen dl tac dgng dgn viec hoach dinh va thuc thi chinh sach ciing nhu tao ngn nhirng dgc qu>^gn, dgc Igi.
Thu hai, "nhdm lgi ich" la sy ciu kit, mdc ngoSe giua can bd, dang vign ed chftc, cd quygn nhung suy thoai vl tu tudng ehinh tri, dgo dfte, Idi sdng vdi nhau, gifta can bd, dang vien vdi doanh nghigp. Thie ba, "nhdm Igi ieh" hogt dgng rit tinh vi, dugc td chftc chat che, ndn rit khd phat hi^n, nhgn bilt.
NIU ed phat hien, nhan bilt duge thi ciing
rat khd digra rnat, chi^tgn, vi khdng ed bing chftng hoac nlu cd bing chftng thi cung hi nhdm vd hieu hoa bing quyln luc, su dung mpi thu doan dg bit diu mli. Dac biet, nhiing ngudi cd chuc vu, quyln hgn cang cao nim ttong "nhdm Igi ich" thi cang khd phat hien, vi dugc che chan rit tmh vi, dugc td chfte chat che bdi quyln Iyc va gay ra tac ddng, he luy cho xa hdi lgi cang ldn. Thie tu, "nlidm Igi ich" ludn gan chat vdi hanh vi tham nhung.
Tham nhiing lien quan din "nhdm lgi ieh"
la dgng tham nhung ldn, co td chftc cao, nghigm ttpng nhit, tinh vi nhit, rit khd phdt hien so vdi "tham nhung vat". Thie nam, hinh thfte lien kgt eua "nhdm Ipi ich" rit da dang, phong phii, cd thi lau dai, ed thi tgm thdi ttiy theo tting ea hgi, bdi eanh, tinh hinh. Thanh vign cfta nhdm khdng xuat diu Id dien, khdng eong khai thfta nhgn "tu each thanh vien" cua minh. Sy lign kit giua eac thanh vign chi bang va thdng qua thda thuan ngim.
Nhu vay, cd the thay, ban chat cua "nhdm lgi ich" tigu cyc chinh la sy cau ket, mde ngogc eua nhung ngudi ed quygn luc vdi nhau hoae ngudi cd quygn lyc vdi doanh nghiep bat liem nham true Igi, tham nhung. Dg rauu cau, gianh gigt, chigm dogt lgi ieh vat chat, danh tigng, quygn Iyc eho ban than va phe nhdra rainh, tac ddng din qua trinh hoaeh dinh va thyc thi chuih sach, "nhdm Igi ich" thudng su dung eac phuang thftc sau day:
Mpt Id, su dyng phuang thfte kinh tg.^Day la phuang thftc tac dpng ca ban, phd bidn va mang lai Igi ieh Idn. Dd la viee "nhdm lgi ich" tim each mua chudc, hdi Id quan chuc, ngudi cd quyln ra quyit dinh hogch dinh, thyc thi chinh sach. Viec mua chudc, hdi Id quan chuc CO till bing tiln, vat phim, tang phim,...
Phuang thftc nay la quan ttgng, cd tae dyng Idn, nhung tiong thyc te, viee sft dung phuong thftc nay cua cac "nhom lgi ich" cung "mudn hmh vgn tiang", liic ao at, nhanh, mgnh, luc ngim ngim, chgm rai, nhung dua lgi lgi ich
(2) Xem: Thuc trgng. xu hudng vd gidi phdp phong.
chdng "lai ich nhdm" a nudc ta hien nay, Nxb. Chinh tri qu6c gia Su that, HaNgi, 2015, tr. 42
So 937 (fhang 3 nam 2020) 49
iNghien cuu - Irao doi T o p chl C « ^ sAn
ldn hem cac phuong thue khac. Phuoog thuc ldnh t l ciing thudng dugc sft dyng ket hgp, Idng ghep vdi cac phuong thftc khac, it khi dugc sft dung tach biet, don Ie va rieng re. Day la rapt tton^ nhftng phuong thuc can ban nhit, lau ddi nhat va tdn tai dudi mpi chg dd'^'.
Hai la, sft dung phuang thftc ehinh tti. Vdi phuang thftc nay, "nhdm lgi ich" cd ngudi nam ttong bg may cd thg tac dgng, ehi dao, chi phdi,... qua ttinh hoach dinh, thyc thi ehinh sach. Khi nhdm cd dgi dien ttong td chftc, bd may cdng quyen, hp se dimg quygn luc, cac mdi quan he dg tgo dieu kien thuan lgi nhat cho nhdm minh. Trong tradng hop "nhdm lgi ich" khdng cd dai dien frong td chfte, bd may cdng quygn, hp se tim each mdc ngoac, quan he vdi quan chftc, nhiing ngudi cd quyen ra quygt dinh dg mua chugc, chi phdi mot hay mdt vai mat xich, bd phan ttong bd may cdng quygn. Day cung la phucmg thfte phd bien duge cac "nhdm Ipi ich" sft dyng va ttgn thyc t l td ra rit higu qua.
Ba la, sft dung bao chi - tmygn thong. Nhan thftc dugc vai ttd quan ttpng cua cac phuang tien thdng tin dai chung, "nhdm Ipi ieh" thn each kgt than, mua chudc mot sd phdng vien, bien tap vidn, lanh dao mpt so ca quan bao chi dg tuygn trayen, dua tin, vigt bai theo mong raudn, dinh hudng cfta "nhdm lpi ich", be lai du b a n theo y dd cua nhdm. Phuong thftc tac dpng thdng qua bao chi - traygn thdng rat tinh vi, khd nhan bilt, d l danh Ifta du luan, da va dang duge eae "nhdm lpi ich" su dyng triet dg.
Vdi nhihig dge dilm, bieu hien, phuong thftc tac dpng hit sftc phong phft, da dang,
"nhdm Ipi ich" da len Idi, cd mat d hau hgt cac nganh, linh vue, d mgi eip, mpi kMu, cdng dogn cua qua ttinh hoach djnh va thuc thi chinh sach. Cau hdi dat ra d day la: Tai sao
"nhom Igi ich" tieu cue lai xuat hien nhigu va tac dpng mgnh me nhu vay?
"Nhdm lgi ich" hinh thanh do nhilu nguygn nhan khach quan va chu quan. V l khach quan la do mat ttii cua eo chg tiii ttudng. Tft nen kinh t l tap ttung quan lieu, bao cap chuyin sang ca chl tiii ttndng, md cfta, hdi nhgp vdi thi gidi, can bp, dang vien hing ngay, hang
gid tiep xuc vdi hang va tiln, dli mat "VOi nhigu cam dd. Nhilu ngudi khdng gi^ ^^^
minh, khdng lam chu duac ban tiian, bl dong tien, lgi ieh vat ehit lam cho Ida mit, dan den sa nga. Trong co chg thi ttordng, quan diSm, ttr tirdng dd cao gia tti cua ddng tiln, Idi sdng ca nhan, vi ky, tiiich hudng thu dan an sau vao suy nghT, tu hrdng efta khdng it can bp, dang vign. Bgn cgnh dd, qua ttinh doi mdi, hgi nhap qudc tg nhanh chdng, sau rdng khiln nen kinh tg ehua kip thay ddi, chuygn biln, thich ung vg ca chg, chinh sach. He thdng phap luat cdn nhigu 16 hdng, so hd, thigu minh bach ciing la manh dat mau rad de hinh thanh cae "nhdm lgi ich" tieu eye tham nhiing, true lgi.
Vg mat ehu qiian, "nhdm lpi ich" tieu cyc xuat hien la do sy suy thoai ve tu ttidng chinh tri, thigu y thftc tu dftong, ren lujren, de cao ldi sdng thyc dung, gia tti vat ehit, ehu nghia ea nhan d mdt bd phgn khdng nhd can bd, dang vign. Cdng tac tuyen trayin, giao due chinh tti - tu tudng, dgo due, ldi sdng con hinh thftc; nhftng sai sdt, vi phgm khdng dugc phe phan, xft 1^ nghigm minh; cdng tac kigm tta, giam sat, gift gin ky cuong, ky lugt d nhieu nai, nhilu cip chua thudng xuygn, rao rigt; chua phat huy duge vai ttd giam sat cfta Mat ttgn Td qudc Viet Nam va cac doan thg ehinh tri - xa hdi. Suy cho cung, du cd ly giai thg nao, thi nguyen nhan chinh, chft ylu ciia mgi thdi hu tat xiu, nhftng can benh vdn tdn tai trong Dang tir nhilu nhiem k^ qua va cho dgn nay van tdn tai, trong do cd viec hmh thanh cac "nhdm lgi ich" tigu cue chmh la do ehu nghia ea nhan. Do vay, dl xay dung chinh ddn Dang, phdng, chdng suy thodi ve ttr ttrdng chinh tri, dao due. Hi sdng ndi chung, kigm soat, ngan chan "nhdm loi ich"
ndi rieng thi can phai quet sach chu nghia ca nhan, nang cao dgo dfte each mgng
2 - V a n kien Dgi hgi Dang va 'nhilu hdi nghi Trung uang thai gian qua da chi ra su suv thoai vg tu tudng chinh tti, dao due, igj' - d mgt bd phan khong nhd can bp, dkne v"'"^
(3) Xem: Nguyln Ngoc Ha (Chu bien): L • • i, nhom vd nhom lai ich a Viet Nam hien nay Sdd tr '
50 So 937 (thang 3 nam 2020)
Nghien cuu - Trao doi Tpp <h j Cdng sAn
ttong dd cd "nhdm lgi ieh", vdi eac bidu hien cyc bd, be phai, tham d, tham nhung, lpi dung chfte vu, quyen hgn ciu kgt vdi doanh nghiep va ddi tugng khac d l tryc lpi; su dung quygn lyc dugc giao d l phue vu Igi ich ca nhan, gia dinh, phe nhdm minh; da xuat hien nhihig quan he khdng lanh mgnh gifta cac doanh nghigp cua tu nhan va co quan quan ly nha nudc, can thiep vao qua trinh xay dung, thyc thi chinh sach dg gianh lay dac quygn, dgc lgi, hinh thanh "lgi ich nhdm"; tinh ttgng can bg lanh dgo, quan ly ciia doanh nghiep nha nudc mdc ngoge vdi can bd, edng chftc nha nudc va khu vyc kinh tg tu nhan de hinh thanh "nhdra lgi ieh", "san sau", lam dyng chftc vy, quygn hgn thao tftng hoat ddng cua doanh nghigp nha nude, true lgi ca nhan, tham nhung, lang phi, gay tdn hai cho Nha nude va doanh nghiep, lam suy giam long tin cua nhan dan*'*'.
Nhigu ddng chi lanh dgo Dang, Nha nude ttong mdt so bai ndi, bai viet, tiep xuc eft tri ciing da dg cap dgn thuc ttang, bigu hien, hgu qua cua "nhdm lgi ich". Trong bai phat bigu b l mac Hdi nghi toan qude quan triet, trign khai thyc hign Nghi quyit Hpi nghj Trang uong 4 khoa XI "Mdt sd vdn di cdp bdch vi xdy dung Ddng hien nay", n%ky 29-2-2012, Tdng Bi thu Nguyen Phft Trpng chi rd: "Lgi ich nhom" don gian la lgi ieh eye bp, mdc ngoac vdi nhau..., ddi bgn eftng ed lgi, ehung nhau lam an vi lgi ich cyc bd. Nhung bay gid nhilu khi khdng chi quan he gifta hai bgn, hai ngudi ma da thanh "dudng day", "su an canh" cua mdt nhdm ngudi muu lgi ieh rieng, lam hgi Igi ich ehung. Dan lai ldi cua C.Mae, Tdng Bi thu nhan mgnh: "Khi ma tu ban diu sd tai chinh cau ket vdi quygn luc chinh tri thi nd chi phdi xa hgi ghe gdm lim!"'*'.
Trong bai phat bieu tgi Hdi nghi tryc tuygn toan qude tdng ket boat ddng nam 2017, ttidn khai lihiem vu tai chinh - ngan sach nam 2018, ngay 8-1-2018, Thu tudng Chinh phu Nguyln Xuan Phftc da chi ro: Cong tac quan ly tai san cdng vin dang cdn nhieu quan nggi, cdn thit thoat, lang phi Idn, thgm chi cdn de cac "nhdm lgi ich" "lam phep" dg hudng lgi khdng Id trdn tai san cdng. Do vay, phai "chat dftt nhdm Ipi
ich tiiao tting hudng Igi tten tai san cdng qudc gia"'^'. Tilp dd, tgi Hdi nghi ddi mdi, nang cao hieu qua hogt ddng cua doanh nghiep nha nudc, ttpng tam la eac tap doan kinh te, tdng cdng ty nhanudc, ngay 21-11-2018, Thu tudng Chinh phu Nguyen Xuan P;huc chi ra nguyen nhan kim ham qua frinh cd phin hoa doanh nghiep, thoai vdn la do Igi ich nhdm, tham nhiing, tu lgi ca nhan; dgc biet la tinh ttang "san ttirdc", "san sau". Thu tudng eho bigt: "Khdng nhftng 1 san frudc ma 4, 5 san sau. Cd dng (doanh nghiep nha nudc) 1 4 - 1 5 cai san sau"'''.
"Nhdm lgi ich" tieu cyc da de lgi hau qua ngng ne tten cac mat ehinh tri, kinh tg, van hda, xa hpi. Ngudn Iyc dit nudc bi tin that, nhan dan khdng dugc thu hudng day du ehinh sach dau tu cua Nha nudc. "Nhdm lgi ich" lam cho te tham nhiing ngay cang ttan Ian, mdt bg phgn can bd, dang vien suy thoai; dao due xa hdi xudng cap, nhigu gia tri tinh than, trayen thdng tdt dep bi mai mdt; gay bit binh trong nhiing can bd, dang vidn, cdng ehfte lao ddng chan chinh, ttach nhiem nhung dang phai ehgt vgt Io ling cho eude sdng hang ngay. Nguy hilm hon, nd lam giam sut, xdi mdn niem tin cua nhan dan ddi vdi Dang, Nha nudc va che do xa hdi chu nghia, la mam mdng cho nhftng bat dn, xung dot trong xa hdi,...
Nhgn thftc duge hau qua va nguy eo cua
"nhdm lgi ich" ddi vdi dit nudc va xa hdi, k l tft Dgi hdi XI din nay, Dang ta da tang eudng, diy manh cdng tac xay dyng, chinh ddn Dang trgn tit ca cac mat ehinh tri, tu tudng, td chftc va din Dgi hdi XII da bd sung
(4) Xem: Vdn kiin Hgi nghj ldn thu ndm Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang khoa XII, Van phong Tnmg itong Dang,HaNgi,2017,tr. 77, 92
(5) Nguyln Phii Trong: Xdy dung, chinh ddn Ddng Id nhiem vy then chot di phdt triin ddt nuac, Nxb.
Chinh tri quoc gia Su that. Ha Noi, 2017, tf. 90 - 91 (6) "Thii tircmg dir Hgi nghi t6ng k a cong tac tai chinh - ngan sach nam 2017, triSn khai nhiem vu nam 2018", http://baochinhphu.vn/, ngay 8-1-2018
(7) Nguyln Minh: "Noi khong voi "san sau", "loi ich nhom"", http://dangcongsan.vn, ngay 30-11-2018
Nghien ciiu - Trao doi Tpp chl C0ng s a n
thgm ndi dung xay dung Dang v l dgo due.
Dang ta da ban hanh 2 nghi quyit ehuygn d l v l cdng tac xay dyng Dang: Nghi quygt Hdi nghi Trang uang 4 khoa XI va Nghi quyit Hpi nghi Trang uong 4 khda XII. Bgn canh do. Dang cdn ban hanh nghi quyit v l cdng tac ddi mdi, sap xgp td chuc, bd may, v l xay dung ddi ngu can bd cac cap, vg hoan thign the che kinh tg thj tradng dinh hudng xa hdi chu nghia, phat triln kinh t l tu nhan,... Cac nghi quygt nay, dae biet la Nghi quyit Hdi nghi Trang uong 4 khda XI va khda XII da dua ra nhieu nhom giai phap hiiu higu d l phdng, chdng suy thoai ve ttj tudng chinh tri, dgo dfte, Idi sdng, trong do cd viee kiem soat, ngan chan "nhdm lgi ich".
Trien khai thyc hien cac nghi quyit v l xay dyng Dang, Ban Chap hanh Tmng uong, Bd Chinh tti, Ban Bi thu da dg ra k l hogch, bien phap dg thuc hien mgt each hieu qua cac chu truang, giai p_hap ttgn; ttong dd,_ dac biet day manh cudc dau ttanh phong, chdng tham nhung, lang phi, tigu eye, tang cudng cong tae kiem tta, giam sat, sigt chat ky luat, ky cuong frong Dang. Cac vy an thara nhiing, kmh te nghiem ttpng, phftc tap da dugc xft ly rat kign quyit, nghigm minh theo dung quy dinh cfta Dang va phap lugt cfta Nha nudc, dugc nhan dan ddng tinh, ung hd, danh gia cao. Nhidu td chuc dang, can bg, dang vign, ttong do cd ca nhung can bg cao cap da bi xet xft va chiu nhiing hinh thue xft ly thich dang. Ke tft dau nhiem ky khda XII din tiiang 10-2019, Ban Chip hanh Trung uong, Bd Chinh tti. Ban Bi thu, Uy ban Kidm tta Trung uang da thi hanh ky luat hon 70 can bd cao cap thudc dien Trung uong quan Iy, trong do ed 1 ddng chi Uy vign Bd Chinh tri va 4 ddng chi Uy vign Trang uong Dang khda XII, 14 ddng ehi nguyen Uy vign Trung uong Dang, I ddng ehi nguygn Phd Thu tudng Chinh phft, 5 ddng chi bg ttirdng va nguygn bp tiudng, 2 ddng chi bi thu tinh uy, 5 ddng chi nguygn bi thu tinh uy va 17 ddng ehi la tirdng ITnh; mgt sd can bg da bi xft ly hinh su; Bd Chinh tti. Ban Bi thu cung da ky lugt 7 td chfte dang (Ban can su dang Bp Cdng Thuang, Ban can su dang Bp
Tai nguygn va Mdi tradng, Ban can su dang Bg Thdng tin va Trayin tiidng, Ban can sy dang Bp Giao tiidng Van tai. Ban Thudng vu Dang uy Ngoai nudc. Ban Thudng vy Thanh uy Da Ning va Ban Thudng vu Tinh uy VTnh
Phuc)'^\ . cac vu an, vu, viec tham nhung, kmh tg
nghiem ttpng, phftc tgp, nhu vy Tong Cong ty vign tiidng Mobifone mua 95% cd phan cua Cdng ty nghe nhin toan cau (AVG), vy Phan Van Anh Vu (Vu Nhdm),... lien quan dgn mdt loat sai phgm cua nhigu quan chftc da cho thay, co bigu hien eiia "nhdm lgi ich", sy cau kgt cfta mdt sd can bp cao cap vdi nhau va vdi doanh nghiep d l tiyc lgi, tham nhung.
Nhung vy an ttiam nhiing, tieu cyc, lam ttai phap lugt, gay hau qua nghiem ttgng lign quan den "nhdm Igi ich" ttong thdi gian qua chu yeu xay ra ttong ITnh vyc dat dai, dau tu xay dyng CO ban, tai chinh - ngan hang, quan ly, sft dung tai san cdng. Didu do cho thay, cdn nhung so hd. Id hdng rat ldn ve ca chg, luat phap ttong cac ITnh vuc nay, dan den sy ehi phdi, thao tiing ciia "nhdm lgi ich" bat minh, phgm phap. Nd ciing phan anh thuc ttang sy suy tiioai ve tti tudng chinh tti, dao due, ldi sdng d mdt bg phan khdng nhd can bd, dang vien; tiong dd, cd mdt sd can bd eao cap cua Dang va Nha nudc, la rat nghiem ttgng, dang bao ddng. Ngu ehiing ta khdng kip thdi, mgnh me, quyet liet, khdng diing cam diu ttanh thi su suy _thoai nay "chi la mdt budc ngin, tham chi rat n^an, nguy hiem khdn ludng, cd thg din tdi tigp tay hogc ciu kit vdi cac thi luc xau, thu dich, phan bdi lai Iy tudng va sy nghiep each mang cfta Dang va dan tdc"'^*; di ngugc lai vdi lgi ich cua nhan dan, vdi su hy sinh xuong mau ciia nhieu thi he da xa thin \ i nen ddc lap, tu do cua Td qudc.
(8) "Phat bilu be mac cua T6ng Bi thu, Chu tich nu6c Nguyen Phii Trpng tai Hgi nghi ISn thii 11 Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang khoa XH", ngay 12-10- 2019, htlp://tapchicongsan org.vn/, ngay 14-10-2019
(9) Vdn kien Hgi nghf ldn thu tu Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang khda XII, Van phong Trung irong Dane Ha NOi, 2016, tr.23
52 S6 937 (thang 3 nam 2020)
Nghien cihi - Trao doi Tipp chf C<bng s ^ n
Chftng vdi cudc dau ttanh phdng, chdng tham nhiing, tidu eye, Dang ta da khan tracmg nghign cftu, ban hanh cac quy dinh, chi thi vg cong tac td chftc can bd, vg kigm tta, giam sat, phdng, chdng tham nhung, vg ttach nhiera neu guong cfta can bg, dang vign, trade hit la uy vien Bd Cdhinh tti, uy vign Ban Bi thu, uy vien Ban Chap hanh Trang uong,... Dac bigt, ngay 23-9-2019, Bp Chinh tti khda XII da ban hanh Quy dinh sd 205-QD/TW "vi vipe kiem sodt quyen l^ec trong cdng tdc cdn bp vd chong chgy chuc, chgy quyen". Vdi viec ban hanh Quy dinh nay, viee kiera soat quygn lyc, chdng "nhdm lpi ich" ttong edng tac can bd, cac hanh vi chgy chftc, chgy quygn da dugc chi ra cu thg. Trach nhiem cua tung cap uy, td chftc dang, ea quan, don vi, ca nhan, ^ngudi dftng diu da dugc cy thi hoa. Day la lan dau tien vin dg kigm soat quyen lyc ttong edng tac can bd, chdng chay chftc, chgy quygn chfnh thfte dugc dg cap ttong van ban eua Dang do Bd Chinh tti ban hanh. Quy dinh sd 205-QD/TW eua Bp Chinh tri duoc vi nhu mdt thu "vic-xin" hieu qua, khang dinh quyit tam chinh tri cua Dang ta ttong viee kigm soat, ngan ehgn "nhdra lgi ich" trong cdng tac td ehfte - can bg, chdng chgy chuc, chgy quyln trade thgm dai hdi dang eae cap dang dgn gan.
Cd thi ndi, ehua cd nhiem ky nao nhu nhiem ky Dgi hdi XII Dang ta lgi ban hanh nhieu quy dinh, chi thi nhim chan chinh cdng tac td chftc - can bd, kilm tta, giam sat, phdng, chdng tham nhung, silt chat ky luat, ky cuong ttong Dang nhu vay. Tinh chung,
"ttong nhiem ky Dai hdi XII, Ban Chip hanh Trang uang da ban hanh 4 nghi quygt va 1 quy dinh; Bd Chinh tri, Ban Bi thu da ban hanh hon 120 nghi quyit, chi thi, kit lugn, quy dinh, quy chl, thdng bao, hudng din,...
vl xay dung, chinh ddn Dang dl tiiln khai tfiuc hign"""'; nhd dd, da gdp phin lam ttong sgch bo may cua Dang va Nha nudc, budc diu kigm soat, ngan chgn dugc "nhdm lgi ich". NIU nhu ttong giai doan ttirdc, "nhdm lgi ich" hoat ddng mgnh rae, rao riet, thara chi cd luc cdng khai, thi hien nay, vdi cupc dau
ttanh phdng, chdng tham nhiing, lang phi, tigu eye, nhigu "nhdm lgi ich" da bi tan ra, thanh vien cua nhdm bi xft Iy ky lugt. Cae "nhdm lgi ich" tieu cue gid day khdng edn nhu ttong giai dogn trade, ma dang an minh, hoat ddng tinh vi hon, tting budc thay ddi phuong thftc, chd dgi thdi ca de hoat ddng ttd lgi.
3- Du bao ttong thdi gian tdi, "nhdm Igi ieh" tigu eye se tigp ttac tac ddng dgn qua trinh hoaeh dinh, thye thi ehinh sach tren tat ca cac nganh, linh vyc, d mpi quy md, cap dp...
"Nhdm Ipi ieh" se lien ket vdi nhau mdt each tinh vi, chat che hon,^ ndn rat kho phat hien, ngan chgn. Su cau ket gifta nhiing ngudi cd chuc, cd quygn vdi doanh nghiep tiep tuc se la xu hudng chu dgo. Dae biet, "nhdm lgi ieh"
hogt ddng manh me, cd tac dpng, gay hau qua ldn din xa hdi d nhiing nganh, ITnh vue edn cd nhieu so hd. Id hdng ve ca ehe, ehinh sach, thigu minh bgch ttong quan ly, digu hanh,...
Thgm ehi, da manh nha xuat hien sy cau kgt gifta "nhdm Ipi ich" d ttong nudc vdi "nhdm lgi ich" d nudc ngoai, "nhdm lgi ich" kinh te vdi "nhdm Ipi ich" chinh fri, hinh thanh nhdm da lpi ich. Day la xu hudng mdi va se manh Ign ttong thdi g i ^ tdi. Trudc xu hudng tren, nlu ehung ta khdng cd quygt tam chinh tri cao, khdng tmh tao, diing cam, khdng cd nhung giai phap du ragnh, thi "nhom lgi ich" sg tigp ttJC chi phdi, thao tting nin kinh te dat nudc.
Do vay, hon luc nao hgt, frong giai dogn hien nay, mpt frong nhirng nhiem vy frpng tam cua Dang vaNha nudc ta dg ra la kigm soat, ngan chgn "nhom Ipi ich" tieu cyc. Day la nhiem vu, ygu cau cap baeh, cdy nghia sdng cdn doi vdi sy phat triln cua dat nudc, sy thanh bai cua cdng cupc ddi mdi va cung la niem mong mdi efta hon 96 ttieu ddng bao ttong ca nude.
Kilm soat, ngan chgn "nhdm lgi ich" la mdt cdng viec vd cung khd khan, phftc tgp.
Han nfta, "nhdm lgi ieh" da an sau, bam re d nhilu cip, nhilu nganh, ITnh vuc, thgm chi d
(10) Nguyln Due Ha: "4 nam thyc hiSn cac nghj quyit vl cong tac xay d^mg Dang- kh5c phuc nhieu han chl, ylu kem keo dai" (bai 1: Nhihig chuyin bien cu thi, thilt thirc), http://daidoanket.vn/, ngdy 14-10-2019
N g h i e n ciiu - Trao doi T^p <hf Cdn0 '
ca nhiing ITnh vuc quan ttgng cfta dat nude.
Nhung vi sy tdn vong cua Dang va ehe dg, sy phat triln b i n viing cua dat nudc, chftng ta phai dau tranh kign quygt vdi "Igi ich nhdm". Quan didm cua Dang trong dau tranh phdng, chdng suy thoai vg tu tudng chinh tri, dgo dfte, ldi sdng ndi chung, ttong kigm soat, ngan chgn "nhdm lgi ich" ndi rigng la kign quygt, kign tri tiln hanh timg bude, lam rapt each bai ban, khoa hpc, khdng ndng vdi, chu quan. Phat bidu tgi Hpi nghi can bg toan qude phd bien, quan ttiet, tiign khai thye hien Nghi quyet Hdi nghi Trang uong 4 khda XII, ngay 9-12-2016, Tdng Bi thu Nguyln Phu Trpng nhan mgnh: "Day la eude chign day cam go, nhung khdng thg khdng lam, vi no lign quan den van menh cua Dang ta va chg dp ta. Quan didm chi dgo ciia Dang la kign quyet, kien tti thye hien, khd may ciing phai thye hien, thyc hien vdi quyet tam chinh tti cao, nd luc Idn^ tign hanh thuong xuyen, lien tyc d cac cap, cac nganh, ddng thdi ca Trung uong va ea sd. Moi can bd, dang vidn phai nhan thftc sau sac ttach nhiem eiia minh vdi Dang, vdi Td qudc de thuc hien Nghi quyit mgt each nghigm tftc va cd hieu qua, ttanh tinh ttgng thd a, vd cam, dftng ngoai cudc hogc cd hr tudng chi trdng chd, phan xet ngudi khac". Trong eupe tigp xue cu tri thanh phd HaNdi, ngay 15-10-2019 va ttong bai phat bilu b l mac Hpi nghi lan thft 11 Ban C h i p hanh Trang uong khda XII, ngay 12-10-2019, Tdng Bi thu, Chft tieh nudc Nguygn Phu Trpng rapt lin nfta nhan manh, cudc d i u ttanh phdng, chdng tham nhung, tieu eye, xft ly ky luat can bd vi pham "la eude d i u tt^nh lau dai, gian khd, phue tap, vi ichdng phai d i u ttanh vdi bdn ngoai, vdi ngudi khac, ma d i u ttanh vdi chinh chung ta, ttong tung eon ngudi ehung ta". "Nhung khdng thg khdng lam, khong cd each nao khac! Tit ca vi sy nghiep ehung eua Dang, cua dat nudc, cfta nhan dan".
D I Idim soat, ngan ehan "nhdm lgi ich"
phai tiln hanh ddng bp nhilu giai phap, phai dua vao nhan dan, huy dgng sftc manh cfta ea he thdng chmh tti. Dd la cac giai phap ve
chfnh tti - frr ttrdng, tir phe binh va phe bmh, neu cao tmh tiln phong, guang m^u ciia cap liy, to ehfte dang, cua can bd, dang vien, nhat la dang vien gift cuong vi lanh dao chu ehdt cap uy, chmh guyin, co quan, don vi; giai phap ve CO chg, chinh sach, hoan thien tiig che kinh t l tiii traong dinh hudng xa hdi chii nghia; giai phap v l tang cudng kigm tta, giam sat, ky luat dang; v l cdng tac td chftc - can bd; vg phat huy vai ttd eua Mat ttan Td qudc Viet Nam va cac doan thi ehinh tti - xa hdi, cfta bao ehi - trayen thdng; tilp tyc diy manh cupe dau tranh phdng, chdng tham nhiing, tieu cyc gan vdi dau ttanh phdng ngfta, ngan chgn "nhdm lgi ich" vdi quan diem khdng ed vung cam, khdng cd n^oai Ie. Cac nhdm giai phap trgn can dugc tign hanh rapt each ddng bg, kien quyet, kign tti, lign tyc vdi nhftng budc di vung chac, lam tft ttgn xudng dudi, tft frong ra ngoai; ddng thdi, lya chpn nhiing nhiem vy, giai phap ttpng tam, ttgng dilm, mang tinh dot pha, phu hgp d l tap trang lanh dgo, chi dao quygt liet.
Can khSn tracmg ra soat, sfta ddi, bd sung, hoan thien cae quy dinh, van ban quy phgm phap lugt vg kilm soat, ngan chgn "nhdm lgi ich" ndi chung, kilm soat, ngan chgn "nhdm lgi ieh" trong hogch dinh va thuc thi chinh sach ndi rieng, dac biet la ttong mdt sd ITnh vuc nhgy cam, dang gay bftc xuc'trong xa hdl, nhu quan ly dat dai, diu ttr xay dung co ban, khai thae tai nguygn...; cd ca c h l kilm soat chat che viec xay dung, ban hanh ca chl chinh sach, phap luat ve quan ly kinh t l - xa hdl dg hgn ehg su tac ddng tigu cue cua "nhom lgi ich", "san sau", "tu duy nhiem ky"; ehu trpng kilm tra,' giam s/t viec thue thi quygn luc (quyln luc chinh tti, quyen Iyc hanh chinh, quyln lyc kinh tg) cua,can bd, dang vign, nhat la ngudi dftng dau cap uy, chinh quyln don yi; edng khai, minh bgch ITL ly, td chftc thyc hien chu h u o n g ^ c h i ^ 'n>ng quan sach, xoa bo ca che "xin - cho'
"duyet • cap", dpc quyen, da va dang t6n tai 6 met so lmh vuc ma cho den nay van chua ths i-i,-
p h u c d u g c Q ™'"^
54 S6 937 (thang 3 nSm 2020)
