KINH DOANI
ANH HlJCfNG CUA PHUOtNG PHAP KHCfl NGHIEP TINH GON DOI VOfi MOI QUAN HE DOANH NHAN - HUAN LUYEN VIEN
TRONG BOI CANH KHOfi NGHIEP TANG TOC
• NGUYEN QUYNH TRANG
T 6 M TAT:
PhiTdng phdp khdi nghiep linh gon dii lieniucdaidirdc sir pho bien rgng rai trong v&i nim qua. NhiT m6t phan ciia xu hu'dng, c^c chu'dng trinh khdi nghiep iSng toe da bdt dau dp dung phi/tJng phap nay nhif la mol phan chinh trong khuon kho lo chd'c. Dong thili. hua'n luyen vien vS Ihi^c hSnh hua'n luyen nhm cl col loi ciia nhieu chu'dng innh t3ng toe.
S^ dung thid't ke nghien ci?u xa hpi hoc ke'l hdp vdi phdng van. bai viel ban ve 3nh hu'dng cua phifdng phdp khdi nghidp linh gon do'i vdi moi quan he doanh nhan - huS'n luyen vien trong bfl"! cdnh khdi nghiep t3ng loc.
Tii khoa: Phu'dng phdp khdi nghidp tinh gpn. hua'n luyen doanh nban, khdi nghiep ldng loc.
1. D$t vSn de
Trong nhiJng nam gan day. ihiic day khdi nghidp dang ngay cang pho bien. TCf mol quan di^m chinh sach cua Nha nifdc, khdi nghiep difdc thifa nhan rpng rai. ird thanh kien thifc trong cac trifffng dai hoc hay mol phan quan trpng cua he smh thdi cac doanh nghiep (DN) tai dia phu'dng.
DSo tao khdi nghiep lang to'c ihifdng la nhifng chi/dng trinh gidi han vdi muc tieu giup cac doanh nhSn ndi len >' tifdng cua ho va xay difng san pha'm nguyen mdu dau tien. Theo truyen tho'ng. cdc nha i^ chii'c da lien hdnh su'dung cdc phu'dng phap lap ke hoach kinh doanh. Tuy nhien, thay \i chpn cdch ti^'p can na\. nhieu DN khdi nghiep tang td'c da Iifa chpn phifdng phdp khdi nghiep linh gpn (Blank vi Dorf. :()12; Ries. 201!) [1.2]. each lam thong qua viec khao sdt va hpc tap tif cac khdch hang tiem ndng (York va Danes. 2014) [3[.
Mac dil. \ai tro cua huan luven \ien irons khdi
nghiep lang toe ngay cing pho bie'n, song hien nay cd tifdng do'i it cac nghien cd'u kiem tra mo'i quan he gitfa doanh nhan - hua'n luyen vien khdi nghiep iheo chieu sau. Va de Iam rd mo'i quan he nay. tic gia da lya chpn de lai nghien cii'u "Anh hu'dng cua phu'dng phap khdi nghiep tinh gpn doi vdi md'i quan he doanh nhan - hua'n luyen vien trong bo'i canh khdi nghiep tang i6c".
2. Cd sd Iy thuye't va cac gia thuye't nghien cii'u
2.1. Phiicfng phdp khdi nghifp tinh g^n Phifdng phap khdi nghiep linh gpn difdc la'y cam hifng tif ngu\en tac sdn xua't linh gpn (trdnh lang phi va to'i ifU hda chi tieu liii nguyen). Cd't loi ciia phu'dng phap iia\ la hpc thdng qua qua tnnh thu" nghiem mdt tap hdp cdc gia dinh du'dc xay dung can than va phan tich dif lieu thi/c ngbiem thu di/dc ttf khach hang ihifc su'iRies. 2011) [2|.
Phifdng phdp khdi nghiep linh gon nhu' mot qua
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trinh theo chu ky di/dc d&t ^ n nen tang cua 3 boat dOng chinh. Ddu tign, cic doanb nhan dii& y tUdng cua DN minh ih^nh gia dinh cd the ki^m chihtg \ a vi^t chung vko trong mo hinh kinh doanb Canvas.
Sau dd, hp tham gia vko mOl quy trinh dtfdc thiet ke de kiem tra cdc gid djnh trong y tifdng kinh doanh dd (Ries. 2011) [2]. Mpt cdch de kiem era cdc gid dinh la thie't ke mpt san pham khd thi t^i thieu (MVP). Sau khi dinh gid nghidm ng$t cdc ket qud, cdc gi3 dinh vd bieu difdc thay the bang cac gid dinh mdi vk sau do drf^c ti^n hinh kiem tra Iai. Qud trinh niy tiep tuc cho den khi ni$t so*
Iif^ng hdp ly cdc thur nghif m xdc nban cic gid dinh quan trpng. Cu6i ciing, cdc doanh nhan quyet dinh cdc gid dinh cdn lai difa trdn stf mdng tdc cua bp vdi khdch h^ng ti^m ndng.
2.2. Hud'n luyfn doanh nhdn
Trong nghifin cihi nSy, huan luydn doanh nhSn dif^c coi \k s\f ho trd mk cdc doanh nbSn nh§n du^c trong giai doan diu kinh doanh d^ gitip bp phdt tri^n vk cd dtfdc cdc ky nSng cin ihid^t. Mdc dD ddi khi cd gid trj, song n^n tdng kien ihtfc va kinh ngbiem thtfc hdnh ciJa cdc hud'n 1uy$n vi€n khong phdi Id yd'u td^ cin tbid^t xdc dinh moi quan hi doanh nhdn - hud'n luydn vidn. Stf bi$u qud cua md'i quan hd ndy bi dnh htfdng bdi cdc yd^u td nhtf:
Si/ c§n b&ng quy^n life ciia hai bdn, Hidu qud ciia giao lid'p, Cdc cdng cu va ky thuat du'dc sl^dung.
2.3. Khdi nghidp tdng tdic
Nhtf mOt hidn ttfdng phdt tri^n nhanh chdng, cdc chtfdng trinh khdi nghi$p tdng tdc dtfdc xem nhtf Id mpt stf d$t pbd ctia cdc cd sd tfdm tao, cung cd'p nhieu dich vu hdn cdc doanh nghidp giai doan diu. Cdc doanh nban dtfdc hd trd khdng gian \km viec. cdc cdng cu hpc tap vd huS^n luydn, truy c|ip vdo mang Itfdi cifu hpc vien, huan luyen vidn vd cdc nha td chtfc bao gdm nha diu ttf mao hiem, doanb nhan gidu kinh nghidm vd cdc gidm ddc dieu hanh cdng ty. Mdi tnfdng ciia cdc chtfdng trinh tdng tdc la mdi trtfdng cCing hpc lap. ciing ho trd, cho phdp cdc doanh nhan cd cd hOi gidi thidu va tao mang Itfdi.
3. Phtftfng ph^p va mSu nghien ctfu Bdi vid't siir dung ddn idc hpc nhir mdt phtfdng phdp nghidn ctfu d^ dieu tra cdc hanh ddng vd ttfdng tac xa hpi irong bdi canh cOa mot chtfdng trinh ting td'c khdi ddng. E>o dd, bdng chtfng tbifc nghidm dtfdc dtfa trdn dtf lieu ddn tpc hpc, bao gdm ca nhtfng ngtfdt kbdng tham gia thdm dd quan sdt, phdng van vd dtf lieu thtf cd'p, hd iro tao ra mdt
hieu bidt dtfa trdn kinh nghidm \ c • i"^' ^"'"' hd doanh nhdn - hud'n luy^n vidn.
Dd'i ttfdng dtf?c khdo sdt gdm 10 nhdm doanh nhdn vdi 41 doanh nhSn. Hp Ik m d i ' " ? ' ^^^^^
ngtfdi tham gia vd dd tudi, gidi tinh. gido due vd kinh nghi$m.
Vi dv, bdo cdo ttf cdc doanh nhdn la mdt phan ciia Startup 1 dtfdc trinh bdy dtfdi dang S1. (Bdng 1) Dd' gidi ban qud trinh pbdn loai rdng, dff li^u da dtfdc sJ[p xdp stf dung cdc ma vd danh muc lidn quan dd'n cdc md'i quan hi doanh nhdn - hud'n luydn vidn (Bdng 2).
4. Kdt qa&
Kdt qud t$p trung chi3 yd'u vdo tdc ddng ci5a vide kd't hdp va dp dung khdi nghidp tinh gpn tdi mdi quan hi doanh nhan - huS'n luydn vidn dpc theo 3 chii dd: Hlnh thtfc hud'n luydn, ndi dung buS^n luy$n vd bdi cdnh huan luydn.
4.1. Hinh th^c hu£n luyfn
Cdc doanb nhdn vd hud^n luydn vidn cda bp dd ttfdng tdc thdng qua cdc budi hud'n luydn cd nhdn vd nhdm, cung nhtf irong sudt bdi gidng. MOt sd Itf0ng ldn ttfdng tdc ndy bi dnh htfdng J ttfdng vd htfdng dan cOa phtfdng phdp khdi nghidp tinh gpn.
Ddi ngii hud'n luydn vidn ydu clu cdc doanh nhSn gidi thi$u minh vdi nhtfng ngtfdi bdn ngodi ddi cda hp, cdc boat ddng trong qud khtf Udn quan ddn vi$'c xdc nhdn cdc gid ihuydt vd ke hoach cho cdc ho^t ddng sdp tdi ciing nhtf nhtfng bidu bidt hp thu th§p dtf^c ttf cdc hoat ddng dd.
Hdn nffa, t^t cd cdc hua'n luydn vidn tuydn bd rdng bp da theo nguydn tdc vd htfdng din cila phtfdng phdp khdi nghidp tinh gpn kbi td chtfc cdc budi hud'n luydn. Vide tuan thii htfdng din ndy cd anh htfdng tich ctfc ddn cac mdi quan hd giffa doanh nhan vd hud^n luydn vien, tao cdm gidc cdc huan luydn vidn sd htfu chuyen mdn phil hdp.
4.2. N0i dung hu^n luyfn
Tham gia cdc budi hua'n luydn vd dtf^c tidp xiic vdi nhffng chi ddn cua phtfdng phdp khdi nghidp tinh gpn da dan ddn mpt sdthay ddi ndi bat trong boat dpng cua cdc doanh nhdn. Nhtf mdt phan ciia budi huan luydn, cdc doanh nhdn dtfdc ydu cau phdc hpa y tifdng kinh doanh ciia bp ldn md hlnh kinh doanh Canvas. Hdn nffa, cdc huS'n luyen vien ydu cau cac doanh nhan can lidn hd vdi khdch bdng ti^m ndng vd thu ihap phdn hdi ve S U'dng cua hp. Cdc boat dOng mdi du'^c gidi thi^u trong budi hua'n luydn da dSn tm nhij-ng thdi quen vd hdnh dpng mdi: "Mdi bifn., i.l]une tdi
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KINI DOANI
th^c hidn deu dtfa tren kid'n thtfc chung tdi da ihu [h$p ttf cac ngudn xdc thtfc, chii ye'u tff khach hdng va ngtfdi diing. Bay gid. moi quyei dmh chiing ldi du'a ra deu dtfa trdn cdc gia dinh da diftjc xac thtfc'" 1S5|. Ke't qua ciia phtfdng phap khdi nghiep tinh gpn cho tha'y. cac budi hua'n
lu>en tao ra mdt mdi trtfdng ma irong dd cdc doanb nban cd difdc stf ttf tin \ a tu lu'c.
4.3. Bdi cdnh huan luyfn
Nghien ctfu lap tmng \ ao sif lirdng tdc trong cdc budi hua'n luyen. cd gitfa cac doanh nhan va hua'n luyen \ ien hd> gitfa cac doanh nhan vdi nhau. Moi
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Bdng 1. Khao sdt c a c y h / d n g kinh doanh c u a c d c d p i d o a n h n h d n
Ytudng
Cd mail thii ! Kien thiJic trtfdc chuong ' tnJdcvS I trtnh LSM»
(SI) Chuan doan tn^c tuyen nhiem tnjng dUdng tiet nieu. • Khdng
I (S2) Nln tang ddng ki tai san. Khdng Ngn tdng nghidn cdu thj trudng.
C^ng 01^ di€u tra thi trudng cho ngudi thue lai Khdng
D|ch vy tuy6n dyng kithuSt s6. Khdng
(S6), IJng dgng t6l uu hoa giac ngu.
' (87) j Cita hang sinh thai online
Khdng Khdng
(88) Ling dyng ddng nhdp lam vudn. Co
I (S9) Hang d$t may thdng mmh cho cdng nhan lam dUdng Khdng
^SIO) Ong dyng cho benh tieu dudng Khdng
Thay ddi Mdu thii dhinh cudi cung
Khdng Khdng Mdt chut
Khdng Khdng
Cd Chua hoan
thanh Cd Cd
Cd Chua hoan
thanh
Khdng Mpt chut
Khdng Khong
Cd Khdng
Chua hoan thanh
Co Cd
Khdng Chua hoan ',
thanh
" Lean Startup Methodology: Cdng cu khdi nghiep linh gon
Chiide
Bang 2. C d c c h u d e v d d a n h m u c VI dy
Phuong phap khdi nghiep tinh gpn va ddng lyc cua Ki vpng cua doanh nhan ve huan luyen vien phii mdi quan h i doanh nhan - huan luyen vien. ; hpp vdi phuong phap khdi nghiep tinh gon.
Huan luydn vien va vi trt cua tham quyen.
•hue H u d n luydn v i l n v a t i n h h p p p h a p c i i a h o . hudn ^_
luy|n
I C a c y kien d a n h gia c u a huan luyen vien CO gia t n |
• c a o h d n ca diJ lieu ben n g o a i .
Kien thilc c d a h u a n luyen vien v e p h u o n g p h a p khdi n g h i i p tmh g p n t a o dUpc uy t i n .
Cac budi huan luyen v a c d u trUc s d a dd'i. C a m ket p h u o n g p h a p khdi nghiep tmh gon n h y mdt khung c a u t n i c .
Cac budi h u a n luyen v a t a o d i e u k i l n c h o s u h i n h thanh m e m tin
X a y d y n g n i l m b n duoc tao d i e u k i l n bdi c a c y l u c a u c u a p h u o n g p h a p n h a m chia s e v a n d l v a q u y t r i n h .
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til l
Bdi cdnh hu^n luy$n
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Cac budi hu^n luyen thay do! cac ho^l ddng da thuc hien.
Cac budi huSn luyen thay ddi tu duy.
Hu^n luy$n nSng cao su tu tin.
Hulln luydn ndng cao ndng li;c ban than.
Cac khia cgnh xa hdi cda cdc budi huSh luy$n (tuong tdc vdi cdc hu^n luy^n vidn).
Cdc khia c^nh xa hOi ciia cdc budi huSn luy$n (tuong tdc giQa cdc doanh nhdn).
Cdc bufS huSn luy^n vd co hdi hpc t$p ddng d^ng.
Cgnh tranh vd tidn bd-
Cdc budi hudn luy^n vd ap li^c ngang hdng.
^^ VTdM
Mdt each tiffp c$n cd h$ thdng dfi" xac nhdn cdc y tudng tgo difiu ki^n cho cdc tuong tdc vdi huSn luy$n viln.
Hidu nhffng thay ddi va cdi md tifip nh§n nhiing ngogi \i.
Hudn luyin nhdm nhu mOt cdng eg giup ren luyOn sutytin.
Thay ddi vd nh§n thdc liln quan dfin sy khdc bi$t khi bdt ddu mdt doanh nghidp mdi.
Hu^n luydn viln khuyfin khich thdo lu^n vd tham gia nhiSu hOn.
Cac doanh nhdn chia sd tiln Igc cua minh vdi nhffng ngudi khdc dfi tUdng tdc va giOp dd.
Cdc doanh nhdn chia sS kfi hogch vfi cdch hp xdc nhdn cdc gid thuyfit cda minh.
Cgnh tranh la yfiu td thdc dfiy cdc doanh nhdn tifip xdc vdi khdch hang.
Phidn hufin luyfin nhu m$t co chfi dfi thiic dfiy cdc doanh nhdn hdnh ddng nhifiu hOn.
trong nhifng doanh nhdn md td vide nhdn phdn hdi ttf hud'n luydn vidn cung cS'p cho anh iy nhffng quan diem mdi md trtfdc day anh d'y dd bd qudn:
"Sudt nhffng budi hpc, cac hu^n luy$n vidn da cbo chiing tdi nhffng gdc nhin mdi bing viec tranb luan tbdng qua phtfdng phdp khdi nghidp linh gpn, mdc di^ chung tdi nghi i^ng minh da xdc nh^n dtfdc mdt sd'khia canh trong y ttfdng ciia chdng tdi tnfdc day.
Trong nhiiu trtfdng hpp, nd ddn chiing tdi di nhifng dtfdng htfdng khdc bidl so vdi luc tnTdc". tSlO]
Ngodi ra. ban cha't cua cdc budi hua'n luyen nay cung cd'p rd't nhidu kha nang cho vide hpc tdp vdi dp Itfc ngang hdng. Cac hua'n luyen vien da td chtfc cdc budi huan luyen nhtf Id sdn chdi. trong dd cdc doanh nhdn cd tbd' cung ca'p cho nhau tbdng tin phdn hdi va idng nghe cung nhtf hpc hdi kinh nghidm lin nhau. Muc tidu chinh cua cdc budi hud'n luydn Id xdy dtfng mdt vdn hda chia se. ndi cac doanb nhdn trao ddi kid'n thtfc vd kinh nghidm.
5. Kd't lii$n
Nghidn ctfn xem xdt dnh htfdng ciia phtfdng phdp khdi nghidp unh gpn dd'n mdi quan hd doanh
nhdn - huS'n luy$n vidn trong bd'i cdnh ciia mOt chtfdng trinh tSng tdc. Kdt qud Id, mdi quan hi doanh nhdn - huan luypn vien bi dnh htfdng trtfc tidp bdi stf ra ddi cua phtfdng phdp khdi nghidp tinh gpn, Bdi VI, phtfdng phdp ndy xdc dinh chfnh xdc c^u true vd ndi dung c^a cdc budi bu^n luy$n, ttf dd dtfa ra mpt didm khdi diu chung cho cdc budi thdo ludn.
Phtfdng phap ndy tao ra stf tin ttfdng, khuyen khich stf ttfdng tdc trung thtfc vdi hud'n luydn vidn vd ldm gia tdng nhffng ngtfdi tham gia dd hp s5n sdng thay ddi bdnh vi cua minh. Do dd, nd gdp phin vdo mpt chidn Itfdc huan luydn cdi tien nh!lm muc dich chuydn ddi vd phdt tridn doanh nhdn.
Dieu nay ttfdng phdn vdi huan luydn theo kdhoach kinh doanb, phtfdng phdp cd xu htfdng cdng thtfc hda. Trong phtfdng phdp khdi nghiep tinh gpn. cdc hud'n luydn vidn khdng dupc coi Id ngudi htfdng dan trung lap. cd nhidm vu htfdng dan cdc doanh nhan di theo phtfdng phdp cd sSn. thay vdo dd ho dUdc coi nhtf nhffng ngtfdi cd tham quy^n md j kien ciia hp thtfdng cd gid ui cao ludn ca dff heu •
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KtNH DOANI
T \ n . l f U THAM KHAO:
1. Blank \^ Dorf (2012). The Startup Owner's Manual: The Step-by-Siep Guide for Building a Great Company San Franci'.co. CA. USA: K&S Ranch. San Francisco.
2 Ries 120II). The Lean Startup: How Today's Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Siicce.-'^hd Businesses. New York, NY. USA: Random House Digital. Inc
I York, J.. Danes. J (2014). Customer development, innovation, and decision-making hta.\es.
Nnd\ nhdn bai: 19/4/2020
S^iiy phan bi$n danh gia va stfa chtfa: 29/4/2020 N};a> chd'p nh^n ddng bai: 9/5/2020
Thdng lin tdc gid:
NGUVEN QUYNH TRANG Khoa Kinh tc
Trtfdng Dgi hpc Hang hai Vidt Nam
THE IMPACTS OF LEAN STARTUP METHODOLOGY ON ENTREPRENEUR - COACH RELATIONSHIPS IN THE
CONTEXT OF A STARTUP ACCELERATOR
• NGUYEN QUYNH TRANG
Faculty of Economics - Vietnam Maritime Univeristy
ABSTRACT:
The lean startup methodology has been steadily gaining widespread popularity in the past few years. As part of this trend, startup accelerator programs have begun to adopt this methodology as their main organizing framework. Coaches and their coaching practices lie at the core of many accelerator programs. Despite the widespread recognition of the importance of coaching, there is a lack of knowledge of how the role of coaches in accelerators interacts wilh the lean startup methodology. Using an ethnographic study design combined with interviews, this sludy investigates entrepreneur coach relationships in the context of uni\ersity-based accelerators. This study's findings show that die lean startup methodology influences how entrepreneur-coach relationships evolve and how the formation and progression of these relationships facilitate learning among entrepreneurs.
Keywords: Lean startup methodology, entrepreneurial coaching, startup accelerator.
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