CAC YEU TO QUYET DINH DEN HANH VI CHIA SE TRI THlTC CUA NHAN VIEN TRONG CAC DOANH NGHIEP VIEN THONG VIET NAM
Nham Phong 'Hian Dgi hgc Kinh te. Dgi hgc Quoc gia Hd Ngi
Email: tuannp@vnu.edu.vn Binh Van Toan Dgi hgc Quoc gia Hd Ngi Email: dinhvantoan@vnu.edu.vn
Nguyen Anh Hao
Dgi hgc Viet Nhgt, Dgi hgc Quoc gia Hd Ngi Email: nguyenanhhao040294@gmail.com
Nguyen Thj Tuylt Mai Dgi hgc Griffith. Queensland, (Jc Email: mai.nguyenthituyet@griffthuni.edu.au
Trin Hoai Nam Dgi hgc Thuang mgi Hd Ngi
Email: namth@,tmu.edu.vn Ngay nhan-06/11/2018
Ngay nhan ban siia: 05/01/2019 Ngay duyet dang: 25/02/2019
Tom tat:
Viic thuc day hdnh vi chia si tri thuc cua cdc nhdn vien trong doanh nghiip Id cdn thiit trong viic ndng cao ndng sudt vd hiiu qud hogt dgng. Ke thica mo hinh ciia Burgess (2005). nghiin cuu ndy ddnh gid dnh hu&ng cua dgng lire cdp cd nhdn, cdp giira cdc cd nhdn vd cdp quan he tai thdi dg chia se tri thirc, vd dnh huang cda thai do chia se tri thirc t&iy dinh chia se tri thirc.
Dir ligu dugc thu thgp tir 391 bdn trd l&i cua nhdn vien dang idm viec trong 4 cong ty vien thong l&n nhdt tgi Viet Nam. Thong qua phdn tich hoi quy, kit qud nghien ciru cho thdy nhdn thirc vi ddi ngg, su dnh huang vd lgi ich xd hgi co tdc dgng tich cue t&i thdi do chia si tri thirc. Trong khi do, nhgn thuc ve nii ro co dnh huang tiiu cue t&i thdi do chia se tri thirc. thdi do chia se tri thicc CO dnh hu&ng tich ci^c t&i y dinh chia si tri thirc. Nghien cuu ciing dua ra mgt so gaiy hiru ich cho cdc bin lien quan.
Til- khoa: chia se tri thuc, ddng lyc, cdng ty viln thdng Viet Nam.
Ma JEL: MIO.
Determinants of individual knowledge sharing behavior in Vietnamese telecommunication firms
Abstract:
Promoting knowledge sharing behavior of employees in firms is essential to improve productivity and performance. Basing on the model of Burgess (2005), we evaluate the impact of motives in term of individual level, interpersonal level, and relationship level on knowledge sharing attitude influencing on knowledge sharing intention. The regression analysis is conducted with a sample of 391 employees working in the four largest telecommunication firms m Vietnam. The results show that the perception of rewards, organizational influence and social benefits have a positive impact on knowledge sharing attitude: on the contrary, the perception of risk has a negative influence on knowledge sharing attitude, and lastly knowledge sharing attitude has a positive impact on knowledge sharing intention. This paper also provides useful recommendations for stakeholders.
Keywords: Knowledge sharing, motivation. Vietnamese telecommunication firms.
JEL code: MIO.
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1. Gidi thieu
Ke tu nam 1986, nganh buu chinh vien thdng dugc coi Id nganh trgng ydu trong cdng cupc doi mdi, va nhan dupc sy dau tu ldn tir Chinh phii Viet Nam (Nguydn, 2005). Tuy nhien, thuc tl hien nay cho thay nhan lyc trong nganh vien thdng cd chuyen mdn chua cao, chu ydu la lao dpng trung cdp va cdng nhan. Ngoai ra, nganh vidn thdng dang thilu nhiing lao dpng cd kl nang vd quan trj, ddi hdi cae doanh nghidp phai thay ddi va ap dyng nhiing cdng ngh? tien tidn trdn thd gidi (Hiin Tuydn, 2012). Vi vay, ngoai nhiing chuang trinh thu hiit nhan tai, cin phai day manh va phat tridn nhung phuang phap quan tri mdi nhu chia se tri thiic, chuyen giao va tidp nhdn tri thiic thdng qua quan he hgp tdc quoc td.
Dd cd dupc mdt ngudn nhan luc dap iing tdt nhu cau khach hang, giixa cac nhan vien trong cdng ty can cd su phdi hgp, giao tidp de nang cao ky nang chuyen mdn, tinh sang tao cdng nhu kha nang nam bat xu the thj trudng. Do dd, cac tap doan vidn thdng cin sir dyng ngudn lyc tri thiie mdt each hidu qua.
Trdn the gidi da cd rat nhieu nhiing nghien cihi ve viec thiic day hanh vi chia sd tri thiic. Nghien ciiu cua Hsu & cgng sy (2007) da dp dung Iy thuydt nhan thiic xa hpi de tim ra cdc ydu td anh hudng ddn banh vi chia se tri thiic trong cdng ddng ao, bao gdm: hr tin vao nang lyc cua ban than, ky vpng kdt qua cd nhan va niem tin dya tren sy nhan dang. Nghien ciiu ciia Mehrabi & cdng su (2013) nhan manh vao tac dgng ciia van hda td chiic ddn hanh vi chia se tri thirc eiia can bg nhan vidn, Nghien ciiu chi ra rang nilm tin, lanh dgo, sy tuong tdc vdt nhan vidn va he thdng khen thudng cd mdi tucmg quan tich cyc vdi hanh vi chia se tri thiic. Tai Viet Nam, nghidn cuu ciia Bui Thi Thanh (2014) vd hanh vi chia se tri thiic trong cac trudng dai hpc trdn dja ban thanh phd Hd Chi Minh cho thay rang hdnh vi ehia se tri thiic bj anh hudng bdi 5 yeu td theo thu tu quan trpng giam din: he thdng khen thudng, van hda td chiic, cdng nghe thdng tin, sy tin tudng va djnh hudng hgc hdi.
Tran Thi Lam Phuang & Pham Nggc Thuy (2011) da dp dyng ly thuydt hanh vi cd ke hoach (TPB) de nghien ciiu vd hdnh vi chia se tri thiic cua cac bac sy trong b?nh vien; tir dd chi ra rang thai dp ddi vdi chia se tri thiic va kiem soat hanh vi chia se tri thitc cd tac dgng y nghTa tdi y dinh chia se tn thirc cua cae bac sy. Trong mpt chuoi nghien ciiu cua minh, Pham Qude Trung & Lac Thdi Phudc (2015) da tiln hanh khao sdt dd danh gia anh hudng cua mot sd yeu
td ddn chia se tri thuc tai cdng ty cd phan tu van xay dyng didn 3 (PECC3). Pham Qude Trung & Luu Chi Hdng (2016) tap tnmg khao sat anh hudng ciia cac ydu td van hda td chiic ddn vide ehia se tn thitc. Ket qud cho thay cac yeu td van hda cd anh hudng den viec chia se tri thiic bao gdm: do cdi md, dinh hudng nhdm, dinh hudng ddu ra, dinh hudng hgc tap va ca cau td chiic.
Cd the nhan thay rang nghien cixu vd chia se tri thiic da dugc thye hien kha nhieu vdi nhidu ly thuyet va each tiep can khac nhau. Mdi nghien curu ed the tap trung sau vao mgt yeu td cy the nao dd (nhu van hda), hoac tap tnmg vao mdt cdng ty cy thd.
Tuy nhien, cd rat it nghien cuu tai Viet Nam dupc thye hidn nham nang cao hanh vi ehia se tri thiic trong nganh vien thdng. Vi vdy, nghien cim nay dugc thye hidn vdi muc dich tim ra nhiing ydu td anh hudng ddn hanh vi chia se tri thiic cua nhan vidn trong cac cdng ty vien thdng tai Viet Nam. Nghien curu ap dung phuang phap tiep can chiic nang dugc thua budng tir Burgess (2005); ddng thdi, ciing se cung cap them bang chiing tir nganh vien thdng ciia Viet Nam nham khang dinh vj tri ciia md hinh ciia Burgess (2005) trong cae nghien ciiu ve chia se tri thiic tren thd gidi.
2. Tong quan tai lieu va phat trien gia thuyet nghien cihi
2.1. Chia se tri thuc vd tam quan trgng cua chia se tri thirc
Chia se tri thirc dugc xem la hdnh dpng trao ddi thdng tin ciia ca nhan vdi mpi ngudi, gia dinh hoac cpng ddng. Trong doanh nghidp, cac cd nhan thudng chia se tri thtic vdi nhau ve cdc van ve lien quan tdi y tudng, dl xuit, kien thirc va ki nang chuyen mdn (Bartol & Srivastava, 2002). Nhieu nghien ciru cho rang chia se tn thuc la mdt trong nhiing yeu td quan trpng giup tang cudng nang lyc ddi mdi sang tao ciia doanh nghidp (Rahab & cdng sy, 2011, Lin, 2007).
Hanh vi chia se tri thiic trong doanh nghidp dugc djnh nghia nhu mdt qua trinh nhan thuc va hanh vi cita timg ca nhan, nhan manh vao sy san sang chia se tri thiic ciia nhan vien trong cdng ty (Yeo
& Marquardt, 2015). Su sin sang chia se tri thirc cua nhan vien lien quan den vide nhan vidn do cd tich cyc giao riep, tu van hay tinh nguyen chia se kinh nghiem vdi ddng nghiep hay khdng. Theo Van Den HoofT & De Ridder (2004), hi thiic dupc chia se dupc chia lam hai loai la tri thiic hidn va tri thirc
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an. Trong khi tri thiic hien cd thd dd dang dugc chia se thong qua dao tgo hay nhihig tai nguyen cd sdn trong cdng ty, chia se hi thiic in khd khan ban bdi tri thuc in din hi kinh nghiem ciia hing ca nhan. Vi vay nghidn cuu vl dpng lyc, nhan thiic cua nhan vien ciing nhu tdc ddng cua chiing din y dinh chia se tri thiic ciia nhan vien la quan trpng va cin thilt,
2.2. Cdc yeu td quyet dinh din hdnh vi chia se tri thirc
Nghien cixu nay dp dyng phuang phap tiep can chiic nang, ke thira tir nghien cim cua Burgess (2005), nham haan thien md hinh vd ddng lyc chia se tri thirc. Theo dd, dpng lyc tham gia vao mdt hdnh dpng cua mpt ca nhan dugc phan chia thanh nhidu cap dp, gdm: cap ca nhan (individual), giua cac ca nhan (interpersonal), quan he (relational) va nhdm (group).
2.2.1. Anh huang cua dgng lire cdp cd nhdn t&i thdi dg chia se tri thuc
Ddi ngo
Theo Bratton & Gold (2003), dai ngd bao gdm nhiing khodn tien mat, phi tidn mat hoac tinh than dd thiic day sy cdng hiin eiia nhan vidn. Ddi vdi chia se tri thuc, dai ngd ddng vai trd quan trpng trong viec thiic day hanh vi chia se thdng tin, bi dd xay dung van hda td chuc ludn hpc hdi lln nhau (Cantoni &
cgng sy, 2001). Dai ngp tinh than nhu sy cdng nhan, danh tieng, ca hdi thang tien nen dugc uu tien ban dai ngp tai chinh, bdi do la cdi ngudn cua sy thda man ciing nhu Id yeu td thiic day chia se tri thiie an (Sajeva, 2014). Bdn canh dd, nhieu nghien ciiu khac chi ra ring dai ngp tdi chinh khdng cd anh hudng tdi hanh vi chia sd tri thirc (Alony & cdng sy, 2007), tham chi cd anh hudng tidu cyc tdi thdi do chia se tri thiic cua nhan vien (Bock & cpng sy, 2005). Tir nhiing lap luan tren, gia thuyet dugc dua ra nhu sau-
HI: Nhan thirc vd dai ngg tinh than cd tac dpng tich cue tdi thai dg chia se tri thuc cua nhan vien trong cdng ty vien thdng tai Viet Nam.
Rui ro chia si tri thirc
Qk moi ea nhdn ed thai dp va hanh vi chia sd tri thiic, vide xay dung mpt mdi trudng cdi md va an toan la rat quan trpng. Cdc nghien cuu trudc day da chi ra ring con ngudi cd xu hudng giup dd va hgp tac vdi ngudi khac khi hp cam nhan dupc mgt mdi nutdng xa hpi dang tin tudng (Wang & cpng sy, 2015). Tuy nhien, cd nhieu rui ro kin chia se tri thiic
anh hudng tieu eye tdi thai dp chia se tri thuc ciia nhan vien; vi du, nhimg y kien trai chidu anb hudng tdi hinh dnh cd nhan khi chia se ve thdt bai. Nhiing nii ro khi chia se tri thirc lam giam sy tin tudng ciia nhan vidn, tir do lam giam hdnh vi chia se tri thiic (Rahman & cpng sy, 2016). Pfeffer & Sutton (2000) da chi ra ring ndi sg riii ro tdn tai trong mdi trudng lam viec se lam gidm khoi lugng va hanh vi chia se hi thiic. Bdn canh dd, kdt qud nghidn cim ciia Burgess (2005) cho ring nhan vien se ehia se it ban nlu hp cam thay vide lam dd ed khd nang nii ro. Vi vay, gid thuylt duge dua ra nhu sau:
H2: Nhdn thiirc vd riii ro ehia se tn thirc cd tac dpng tieu cue tdi thdi dp chia se tri thiirc ciia nhan vien trong cdng ty vien thdng tai Viet Nam.
2.2.2. Anh hu&ng cua dgng luc tuang tdc giica cdc cd nhdn tai thdi do chia si tri thirc
Nhdn thuc ve su dnh huang trong doanh nghiep thong qua chia se tri thicc
Ddng luc tuong tdc giiia cae ea nhan trong cdng ty dupc phan thanh hai loai, gdm: ddng luc thu nhan va ddng lyc bao ve ban than (Burgess, 2005). Cac nghien cuu trudc day cho rang suy nghi ve vide chia se tri thiirc vdi ngudi khac lam giam quyln luc ca nhan trong td chirc lam cho cac ca nhan tir chdi chia se hi thiic (Bartol & Srivastava, 2002). Do do, nhung ngudi cd nhu cdu cao ve quyen lyc va mong mudn cd sire anh hudng trong mgt nhdm hay mdi trudng cd xu hudng thu thdp kien thuc ban la chia sd chiing (Burgess, 2005), bdi tri thirc gia trj cd thd lam giam sy khdng chac chin vd giiip cac ca nhan tan budng nhieu quyen lyc hem so vdi ngudi khae (Hickson & cdng sy, I97I). Mdi quan he giira nhgn thirc vi sg- dnh hu&ng trong doanh nghigp ddn hdnh vi chia se tri thiic da dupc nghien ciiu trong nhidu cdng hinh trudc day. Orhun & Hopple (2006) cho rang viec mat di siic anh hudng hay quyln lyc se anh hudng tieu cyc tdi hdnh vi chia se tri thuc. Nghien ciiu cua Oriikowski (1993) cho thiy nhan vidn se khdng san sang chia se tri thiic ndu hp sp bj mit dja vi vd quydn lyc ciia minh. Tir cac lap luan trdn, gia thuyet dugc dua ra nhu sau:
H3: Nhan thiic ve siic anh hudng cua cd nhan trong doanh nghiep cd tdc dpng tidu cyc tdi thai dg chia se tri thiic ciia nhan vien trong cdng ty vien thdng tai Viet Nam.
Suxdu hd khi chia se tri thirc
Nhgn thiirc ve sy xau hd dupc coi la dgny Ur, hao
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Hinh 1: Mo hinh nghien ciru D^ng lyc cip ci nhin
Dai ngp (+) Rui ro chia se tri thiic (-)
D§ng lyc cap gi&a cac ca nhan Sy anh hudng (-) Sy xau hd (-) DQng lyc cap quan hf
Lgi ich xa hpi (+) Qui tic qua lai (+)
Nguon: tdc gid ke thica tic Burgess (2005).
vd ban than khi thye hidn mdt hanh vi. Cac nghien ciru trudc day da chi ra rang the didn cd anh hudng ddng ke tdi hanh vi chia se tri thiic. Huang & cdng sy (2008) cho rang vide giir the didn tdc ddng tidu cue tdi y djnh chia se tri thirc vdi ddng nghiep, Ddi khi, tim kiem thdng tin Idm anh hudng tieu cyc tdi danh tieng ca nhan, hoac nhan vidn se cam thay ngai khi chia sd ve nhirng lan that bai ctia hp (Burgess, 2005). Hwang & cdng sy (2003) chi ra rang mpi ngudi thudng cu xii theo mdt cdch khac khi hp quan tam den viec gay an tugng hoac giii- the dien trudc ngudi khac. Vi vay, lo lang vd viec giii the dien cd the la rao can ddi vdi y dinb chia se tri thirc eua nhan vien (Ardichvili & cdng su, 2006). Tir do, tac gia dua ra gia thuyet:
H4: Nhan thirc vd su xau hd cd tdc ddng tieu cue tdi thai do chia se tri thiic eua nhan vien trong cdng ty vidn thdng lai Viet Nam,
2.2.3. Anh hu&ng ciia dgng lire cdp quan hi tai thai do chia se tn thuc
Lgi ich xd hgi (social benefits) vd qui tdc qua lgi (reciprocity norms)
Theo ly thuydt hao ddi xa hgi, cdc ca nhan se cd y djnh chia se tri thirc khi hg ky vgng nhan lai eac lgi ich tir hdnh ddng dd, Cdc lgi ich cd the mang tinh cd nhan hoac edng ddng (Hsu & cdng sy, 2007).
Hanh ddng chia se tri thiic dugc thye hien nhieu han giua cdc nhan vidn cd mpt mang ludi xa hpi rdng (Szulanski, 1996). Kankanhalli & edng ..ir (2005) chi ra rang cac nhan vien se cd thai do tich cue ddi vdi chia se tri thirc khi hp nhan dugc Igi icb ben ngoai (tien thudng, thang tien...), cung nhu cam thay vui Idng de chia se vdi ngudi khde khi nhan dugc cac Ipi ich xa hdi nhu su thich thii, sy cdng nhan va kdt ndi tai nai lam vide. Nghien cim cua Hsu
& cpng su (2007) chi ra rang ki vpng ve viec nhan dugc su cdng nhan, tdn trpng, ket ban va trd nen hgp tdc vdi ngudi khde cd anh hudng tich cyc tdi hanh vi chia se tri thirc. Nhu vay, viec phdt trien mdi quan he giua cdc nhan vien trong doanh nghiep la rat quan trpng. Kbi cac nhan vien dugc ket ndi vdi nhau, hp se cd xu hudng hanb ddng de duy tri mdi quan he dd, cu the ban la trong vide cung cap va tiep nhan kien thirc (Tsai & cdng sy, 2013).
Tir cac lap luan tren, hai gia thuyet dugc dua ra:
H5: Nhan thuc vd Igi ich xa hpi cd tdc ddng tich cyc tdi thai dp chia se tri thirc ciia nhdn vien trong cdng ty vien thdng tai Vidt Nam.
H6: Nhan thuc ve qui tac qua lai cd tdc dgng tich cue tdi thdi do chia se tn thirc ciia nhan vien trong cdng ty vien thdng tai \'iet Nam.
2 2 4. Anh tnrang ciia thdi do chia si tn thirc t&iy
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dinh chia si tri thirc
Thai dd dac trung cho su sdn sang cho vide tham gia vdo qud trinh tiep nhan hoac truyen dat tri thirc cho ngudi khac (Jolaee & cdng sy, 2014). Thai dp ddi vdi chia se tri thuc dupc coi la bien trung gian trong tac dgng cua cdc ylu td ca nhan tdi y djnh chia se tri thiic (Nguyen & cdng sy, 2017). Anh hudng ciia thai do tdi y dinh chia se tri thirc da dugc nghien cuu vd xdc thye bdi nhieu nghien ciru trudc day (Nguyen & dng sy, 2017; Jolaee & cgng sy, 2014; Tsai & cdng su, 2013; Hassandoust & cpng su, 2011; Bock & cdng su, 2005). Nhu vay, cd thd gia thuyet rang:
H7: Thai do ddi vdi ehia se tri thtic cd tdc dpng tich cue tdi y dinh chia se tri thiic cua nhan vien tiong cdng ty vien thdng tai Viet Nam.
2.3. Mo hinh nghien cuu
Sau khi phdt trien cac gia thuyet nhu lap ludn d tren, md hinh ngbien cim dugc dua ra nhu Hinh 1,
3. Phirong phap nghien cihi 3.1. Thu thgp du lieu
Dir lieu diing trong ngbien ciiu dugc thu thap tu cdc nhan vien dang lam vide cho cac cdng ty vien thdng cua Viet Nam. Bang hdi gdm cdc thang do nhidu muc duge ddnh gia theo thang do Likert I -7, tir (1) Rat khong dongy tdi (7) Rat ddngy. Trudc khi tidn hdnh khao sdt chinh thirc, bdng cdu hdi da duge kiem tra va sua ddi bdi cac chuydn gia dd trdnh cdc loi dien dat va tang su ro rang ciia eau hdi.
Bang hdi chinh dugc gun tdi 4 cdng ty vien tiidng ldn nhdt tai Viet Nam, gdm: Viettel Telecom, Vinaphone, Mobifone va FPT Telecom tai Ha Ndi, Da Ning va Hd Chi Minh. Mdt lien ket tdi bang hdi tryc uiyln da dugc gui tdi can bg phu h-ach mang quan ly tri thiic trong timg doanh nghiep, va hp ddng y chuyen bang khao sat cho cdc ddng nghidp eua hp.
Khao sdt da thu thgp dugc 634 philu tra Idi trong khoang thdi gian tir thang 12 nam 2017 ddn thdng Bang 1: Thong ke rao ta ket qua khao sat
PhSn loai Giai tinh
Tu6i
Trinh dp hpc vin
Cong ty
Nai lam viec
Kinh nghi?m cong tac
Vi tri cong tac
Dac diem Nam
Nu Duoi 30
30-40 40-50 50-60 Cap 3 Trung cap Cao dang
Dai hpc T h a c ^ hoac tien sy_
Viettel Telecom Vinaphone
Mobifone FPT Telecom
Ha Noi Da Nang H6ChiMmh_
Dual 2 nam Tir 2 nam den 5 nam Tir 5 nam den 10 nam Nhieu hon 10 nam
Nhan vien To truang/nh6m uucmg
Truong/pho phong Tong giam doc/giam docpho tong giam
doc/pho giam doc
Tan suat 217 174 136 206 45 4 1 18 38 276 58 96 58 164 73 282 61 48 73 126 127 65 289 58 39 5
Ty If % 55,5 44,5 34,8 52,7 11,5 1,0 0,3 4,6 9,7 70,6 14,8 24,6 14,8 41,9 18,7 72,1 15,6 12,3 18,7 32,2 32,5 16,6 73,9 14,8 10,0 1,3
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Bang 2: Kilm djnh do lirdng Nlian t6
Dai ngp Riri ro chia se tri Su anh huong Su xau ho Lpi ich xa hpi Qui tac qua lai Thai dp chia se tri Y dinh chia se tri thiic
Gii trj nho nh4t 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00
Gia tri Ion nh^t 7,00 7,00 7,00 7,00 7,00 7,00 7,00 7,00
Trung binh 4,92 3,64 5,37 3,68 5,07 4,68 5,25 5,25
Dd lech chuan
1,31 1,48 1,33 1,90 1,26 1,39 1,26 1,28
Cronbach 's Alpha
0,96 0,86 0,94 0,98 0,93 0,92 0,93 0,96
Eigenvalues
4,98 2,86 2,66 2,88 2,61 3,22 2,65 3,59
Phan tram phirong sai (%) 83,03 71,52 88,78 96,02 86,96 80,45 88,33 89,69
2 nam 2018. Trong sd 634 philu tra ldi, 243 philu khdng hgp Id vd khdng day du. Do vgy, chi cd 391 phieu cdn lgi dugc sir dd phdn tich du: lieu.
3.2. Bo lu&ng vd phan tich dir ligu
De do ludng cdc thang do lien quan din ddng lyc cap cd nhan, giiia cac ca nhdn va quan he, nhdm tac gid da kd thua tir nghien cii-u ciia Burgess (2005).
Ngoai ra, cau hdi lien quan tdi thdi dp va y djnh chia se tri tbiic dugc nhdm tac gia de xuat, tham khdo tir cdc nghidn ciiru lien quan ddn hanh vi chia sd tri thiie trudc day (Bock & cdng su, 2005; Hassandoust &
cpngsy, 2011).
Dii lieu hgp le dugc phan tich qua cac budc: phan tich md ta, kiem dinh do ludng (do tin cay va tinh xae tbyc), va phan tich hdi quy da biln nham kiem dinh cac gid thuyet.
4. Ket qua phSn tich 4.1. Thdng ke mo td
Nhin chung, kit qua thdng ke md ta (Bang 1) cho thay mau khdo sat cd sy can bang vd mat gidi tinh.
da sd nhdn vien tham gia khao sat deu ed trinh dp hpc vdn dgi hpc trd len (85,4%). Mat khac, mdu bao gdm nhirng nhan vien tham gia khdo sdt da dang vl tudi tdc, kinh nghiem cdng tac va vi tri cdng tac, do do CO tinh dai diSn cho nghidn cim tdng the.
4.2. Kiem dinh do lu&ng
Ket qua kidm djnh do ludng dugc the hien d Bang 2. Tat ca cac chi sd deu hgp Id, cac nhan td thda man cdc dieu kien de thye hien cac budc phan lich tidp theo.
Bang 2 cho thay cac mirc do ve ddng luc chia se tri thirc cua nhan vien tai cdc cdng ty vien thdng d Viet Nam, Cd the thay nban thiic ve su dnh hu&ng va lot ich xd hgi Id hai ngudn dgng lyc cd gid trj ldn nhat (5,37 vd 5,07), trong khi dd rui ro chia si tri thicc dgt gia hi thap nhdt (3,64). Kit qua cho thdy ddng lyc chia se tri thirc ciia cdc nhan vidn tgi cac cdng ty viln thdng d Viet Nam la khd cao ddi vdi cdc nhan thiic tich cyc (vi du nhu dai ngd, led ich xd hgi, qui tdc qua lgi), vd nhiing nhan thiic tieu cyc ve chia se tri thirc la khd thap (vi du nhu rui ro chia si Bang 3: Phan tich hoi quy anh hudng cua cac ddng lyc chia se tri thiic tdi thai dg chia se tri thiic
Bien d$c ISp R^ F-statistic Gia tri p He so hieu (kiem chuan hoa chinh djnh F) ^ _ ^ Dai ngd
Riii ro ehia se tri thiic Sy anh hudng Su xau hd Lgi ich xa hpi Qui tac qua lai
0,65 121,625 0,000
t-value Gia trj p (kiem dinh t) 0,22
-0,08 0,18 0,02 0,44 0,08
4,27 -2,36 3,98 0,55 7,80 1,73
0,000 0.019 0,350 0,586 0,000 0,075 Bien phu thupc: Tlnii do chia se tri thicc.
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Bang 4: Phan tich hoi quy anh hudng cua thai do chia se tri thirc tdi hanh vi chia se tri thiJC Bien doc lap
Thdi dp chia se tri thtic
R^ hieu chinh
0,76
F statistic 1242,10
p value (F test) 0,000
He so cbu^n hoa 0,87
t-value 35,24
Gia tri p (t test)
0,000 Bien phu thugc: Ydinh chia se tri thirc.
tri thdc, suxdu ho). Didu nay chiing td nhan vien tgi cdc cdng ty tham gia khao sat cd nhdn thiic tich cue hem vl chia sd tri thuc vdi ngudi khde doanh nghiep.
4.3. Phan tich hoi quy
Bang 3 the hidn dnh hudng cua cdc dpng lyc vd ehia se tn thirc tdi thdi do chia se tri thiic. Md hinh hdi quy cho he sd R^ hieu chinh la 0,65, hie la cdc bien ddc lap trong md hinh cd the giai thich dupc 65% su thay ddi cua bien phy thugc. Gia trj F-statistic Idn (121,625) ciing vdi gia tri p rdt nhd, the hidn rang it nhat mpt trong cdc bien ddc lap cd anh hudng y nghTa tdi bidn phu thupc, Dua vao gia tri t-value va gia tn p, tai miic y nghia 5%, cac bidn cd dnh hudng y nghTa tdi thai dp chia se tri thirc Id dai ngp, rui ro chia si tri thdc, va /pi ich xd hgi. Tiep theo dd, mdi quan he giiia thdi dp vd y djnh chia se tri thiie dugc thd hien d Bang 4. Gia trj t-value ldn (35,24) ciing vdi gid trj p rat nhd (0,000) chimg td rdng thai dp chia se tri thiic cd tdc ddng y nghTa tdi hanb vi chia se tri thiic.
Tir kdt qua phan tich hdi quy, cdc gia thuyet dugc kiem chiing, kdt qud dugc the hien d Bang 5.
5. Thao Iu3n va ham y
Ddu tidn, kdt qud kiem dinh do ludng cho thay nhdn thiic ciia cdc nhan vien ve ddng lyc tich cyc nhu lgi ich xd hgi cao han so vdi nhimg dpng lyc tieu cye nhu rui ro chia se tri thuc. Ket qud nay gidng
vdi kdt qua d nghien ciiu cua Pham Qude Tnmg &
Pham Thai Phudc (2015). Ngoai ra, bdi chinh sdch dai ngp va khuyen khich tir doanh nghidp, nhan vien cd nhan thiic cao ve dai ngp ciing nhu lgi ich xa hgi khi chia se tri thiic. Tuy nhien, van cdn tdn tai nhirng nhan thirc ve nii ro hay cac rao can khac khi nhan vien mudn chia se tri thirc vdi ddng nghiep trong cdc doanh nghiep Viet Nam.
Han niia, dai ngg cd anh hudng tich cue tdi thdi dp chia se tri thiic cua nhan vidn. Phat hidn nay ddng nhdt vdi kdt qua cua cae nghidn cuu trudc day (Biii Thi Thanh, 2014; Hsu & cgng cy, 2007). Nhu vgy, viec xdy dyng mgt he thdng khen thudng hgp ly se giiip tao ra thai do tdt ddi vdi viec chia se tri thiic giixa cdc cd nhdn trong doanh nghidp. Cdc nha qudn Iy trong doanh nghiep Viet Nam ndn dua ra co che khen thudng nhu phdt trien he tbdng xIp hang chia se tri thirc giira cdc nhan vien hong cdng ty, tir do mang den cho nhdn vien ca hdi thang tidn trong cdng viec.
Tiep theo, nhgn thiic ve su nii ro kbi chia se tri thirc cd tdc dpng tieu cyc tdi thai dp chia se tri thire cua can bd nhan vidn. Ket qua nay dugc xae nhan trong eac nghien cim trudc nhu Rahman & cdng sy (2016), Pfeffer & Sutton (2000). Do vdy, viec xay dyng mgt van hda tin hrdng Idn nhau trong cdng ty la rat can thidt, nham giup cac cd nhan cdm thdy Bang 5: Kiem dinh gia thuyet
Moi quan he Gia
thuyet
HI Dai ngp -> Thai dp chia se hi thirc H2 Riii ro chia se tri thiic ^ Thai dp chia se tri
thirc
H3 Sy anh budng -^ Thdi dp chia se tii thuc H4 Sy xdu hd -^ Thai dp chia se tri thirc H5 Lgi ich xa hdi -> Thai dp chia se hi thirc H6 Qui tdc qua lai -> Thai do chia se tn thiic H7 Thai dg chia se tn thiic ^ Y dinh chia se tri
thirc
He so tac dong
M i j c >
nghTa
Ket qua kiem djnh 0,22
-0,08 0,18 0,02 0,44 0,08 0,87
0,000 0,019 0,350 0,586 0.000 0,075 0,000
Chap nhan Chap nhan Khong chap nhan Khong chap nhan Chap nhan Khong chap nhan
Chap nhan
So 261 thdng 3/2019 kinlili ini'n
thoai mdi khi chia se vdi ngudi khac. Thdm vao do, cdng ty nen td chirc cdc sy kien nhdm gin kit cac nhan vien, xay dung mdi trudng lam vide thoai mdi, tdn hpng ldn nhau, tir dd nhan vidn se khdng ngai khi chia se vdi ddng nghiep.
Ngodi ra, nhgn thiic vd su anh hudng cung nhu sy thanh cdng h-ong doanh nghiep dupc tun thay la cd anh hudng tich cyc tdi thai do chia se hi thirc tuy khdng quan hpng vd mat thong ke. Kdt qua nay hai vdi mpt vai nghien ciiu trudc ddy (Burgess, 2005;
Orhun & Hopple, 2006; Pham Qude Trung & Lac Thai Phudc, 2015) khi cho rdng nhan thiic vd su anh hudng hay nhan thitc vd sg mat quydn luc anh hudng tieu cyc tdi thai dp chia se tn thiic. Dilu nay ed the dugc giai thich rdng khi cdc cd nhan trong edng ty cam nhgn sy anh hudng va quyen lyc, hg cd xu hudng thu thap va chia se tri thuc nhilu han,
Thdm vao dd, kdt qud nghidn ciiu cho thay tdc dgng tich cyc cua nhan thirc lgi ich xa hdi tdi thdi dp chia se tri thirc ciia nhan vien. Kdt qua ndy nhdt qudn vdi nhieu nghien ciiu trudc day (Jolaee & cdng sy, 2014; Hsu & cdng su, 2007). Nhu vay, cdc nhan vien se cd thdi dp tdt ddi vdi chia sd tri thiic nlu hp nhgn thay hp cd the phdt trien mdi quan he xa hpi, hoae hp cdm thdy hai long cung nhu vui thich vdi vide dd. Do dd, doanh nghiep nen thanh lap nhirng mgng ludi ndi bg nbu intranet, nhdm hdn mang xa hgi, didn dan cho nhan vien cd the thoai mdi trao ddi kidn thiic va hd trg ldn nhau. Tuy nhirng kien thirc hao ddi tren nhung mgng ludi nbu vay cd the la khdng chinh thirc vd mang tinh chuyen mdn khdng cao, nhung chiing giup ket ndi cdc cd nhan vdi nhau, nang cao thai dp cua hg vdi hanh vi chia se tri thirc.
Cudi cimg, nghien cuu da chi ra rdng thdi dp cd mdi quan he tich cue tdi y djnh chia se tri thirc. Kdt qua nay da dugc kiem chirng bdi nbieu hpc gid hong nhieu cdng trinh nghien ciiu khde nhau (Hassandoust
& cdng su, 2011; Nguyen & cgng sy, 2017; Jolaee
& edng su, 2014). Nhu vgy, de nhan vien cd y djnh chia se tri thirc trong doanh nghiep, cdc nha qudn ly can ndng cao thdi dp ciia nhan vidn ddi vdi hanh vi ndy thdng qua xay dyng mgt mdi trudng hd trg quan trj tri thire cung nhu dp dyng nhiing thye hdnh va chuan myc phu hgp.
6. Ket lu^n
Quan trj vd chia se tri thirc hidu qua trong doanh nghidp khdng the den tii cdch ep bugc cdc nhdn vien lam dieu dd. Cac doanh nghiep mudn phdt tridn va lan tda hdnh vi chia se tri thiic giiia cdc nhan vien can phdi tbiic ddy dgng lyc cua nhan vidn qua mdi trudng vd bdi canh ldm viec. Nghien cu^ nay da chi ra cac yeu td tdc ddng tdi thai dp ddi vdi ehia se tri thiic ciia nhan vidn cac cdng ty vidn thdng tai Viet Nam. Cdc yeu td bao gdm nhgn thirc ve dai ngg, sy anh hudng va lgi leh xa bdi cd anb hudng tich cyc tdi thdi do chia se tri thue, trong khi dd nhan thiic ve nii ro cd tac ddng tieu cyc tdi thdi do chia se tri thiic.
Cac cdng ty vidn thdng tgi Viet Nam nen sir dyng kdt qud nghidn curu nhdm nang cao thdi dp cua nhan vien vdi chia se tri thirc. Cy the, lanh dao nen tien phong trong viec chia se tri thirc, ddng thdi truyen dat tam quan hpng cua chia se tri thirc cho nhan vien. Tidp theo, xdy dyng mdt van hda doanh nghiep khuydn khich vide chia se, giiip dd lan nhau. Ngoai ra, cdc sy kidn chung nen dugc td chiic thudng xuyen nham gan kdt va tao su tin tudng gitra cac nhan vidn vdi nhau. Them niia, doanh ngbiep ndn thuc day ldm viec nhdm, lap nhiing nhdm, cpng ddng udn mang xa hpi ciing nhu didn dan de cdc nhdn vien cd thd thodi mdi chia se va trao ddi vdi nhau.
Ben cgnh nhiing ddng gdp ke trdn, bdi viet cdn ton tai mgt sd ban che ma cd the khac phuc trong nhimg nghidn ciru tuong lai. Thii nhat, mau nghien cuu cdn kha nhd va gidi hgn trong 4 cdng ty vidn thdng tai Viet Nam. Cac nghien ciiu trong tuang lai cd the dp dung khung phdn tich vdi mdu khdo sdt Idn ban, cung nhu phan tich sau han vd anh hudng ciia cdc bidn kidm soat nhu vung midn, tudi tdc, gidi tinh,...
Thir hai, dii lieu dimg trong nghien ciiu chu ydu dua vao nhan thiic chii quan ciia mdi ca nhan, do dd cd thd tdn tai sy chdeh vd thien vj. Cdc nghien ciiu tidp theo cd the do ludng chia se tri thiic theo dir lieu chu quan va khdch quan de dua ra nhiing kdt qua nghien cim thil vj han. Cudi ciing, md hinh nghien cim cd the dugc hodn thidn han bang each them vao nhirng yeu td khac nhu cdng nghe, hoac nghien ciru hanh vi chia se tri thiic dudi bai dang- tidp nban tn thirc va Eruyen dat tri thitc
Loi thira nhan/cam on: Nghien cim ndy dirac tdi tra b&i Quy Phdt trien khoa hgc vd cong nghe quoc gia (NAFOSTED) tmng di lai md s6 502.02-2016.03.
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