VQ Thi Hatig, Dinh Nguyen An
Vai tro cua hpi dong trifolng ve \\i ciiu dai iipc ol Viet Nam liien nay
Vu Thi HangS Dinh Nguyen An^
' Tnlflng flai tigc Xay dilng 55 Giai Phong, Hai Ba fn/ng. Ha Noi, Viet Nam Email, [email protected] 2 Hoc vien Y dJdc tioc cd triyen Viet Nam So 02 Tr5n PliiJ, Ha Dong, Hi Noi, Viet Nam Email, dinhnguyenan1181@gmail com
TOM TAT: Xu hUdng phit trien giao due dai hoc tren thi gidi hien nay dang chuyen dan td md hlnh nha ndde kiem soil sang mo hinh nhi ndde giam sat vdi muc dich tang cudng, md rgng quyen tu chu cho cic co sd giao due dai hgc. Vl$t Nam cung khdng nam ngoai xu hudng dd. DiSu kien thUc hien viec giao quyen cho cic co sd giio due dai hgc Viet Nam la cd che quin td nhi trddng phu hop cd che quin If cda nha nudc thdng qua viec thanh lap hgi dong trUdng. Hdi dong trudng cd vai tro quan trgng, quyit dinh mdc do tu chu cua cic trudng dai hoc d Vidt Nam hien nay.
T O KHOA: TiJ chfl tfai hpc; ctf sd giao due tfai hpc; qu^n trj tfai hpc; quyen tiT chu; hpi dong trUdng.
• * Nhan bai 11/3/2020 •» Nhan bai da ctiinh sila 21/3/2020 ^ Duyet aang 24/4/2020.
1. Dat van de
Viec md rong pham vi, nang cao hieu qua ve tu chu nham doi mai mo hinh quan tri dai hgc (DH) ia can thiet.
Truac tien, viec thanh lap Hoi dong tnrcmg (HBT) la dieu kien de cac ca sa giao due DH (GDDH) dugc giao quyen tu chu, HDT dong vai tro quan trong trong qua trinh thuc hien tu chu cua cac truong DH. Vai tro, quyen han, trach nhiem ciia cua HDT dugc quy djnh cu the tai Dieu 16 cua Luat GDDH (bo sung, sua doi nam 2018).
Day ciing la khau dot pha trong qua trinh doi mai va phat tri6n GDDH o Viet Nam hien nay. Tuy nhien, tu chu DH a Viet Nam la nhiing giai doan thuc hien diu tien, chi CO mot so ca sa thi diem con mai me. Do do, HDT chua phat huy dugc het thuc quyen va vai tro ciia minh.
Vi vay, trong thai gian tai can co nhirng giai phap cu the de phat huy toi da vai tro cua t6 chiic nay. Bai bdo dugc su ho ira cua de tdi: "Xay dung bp chi so ddnh gid ndng luc ttr chu vd trdch nhiem gidi irinh xd hpi cua cdc Cff s& GDDH Viet Nam " ihupc Chirffng trinh Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe cap Qudc gia giai dogn 2016 -2020
"Nghien ciru phdt trien khoa hgc gido due (GD) ddp ung yeu cau doi mdi cdn ban, todn dien nen GD Viet Nam", masd: KHGD/16-20.
2. Ndi dung ngliien cufu
2.1. Hpi dong tri/cIng - khau tfpt pha cua tiT chu dai hpc Tren thg gicri, vai tro cua HDT trong mo hinh quan tri DH rat pho bien a cac nuac phat trien. Hien nay, mo hinh nay da va dang dugc thuc hien a cac nuac co nen kinh te dang phat trien. Dii a hkt ki nuoc nao thi HDT deu mang dac tnmg cua mpt hoi dong quan tri, la to chirc co tham quyen, vai tro cao nhat trong tnrang DH, O Viet Nam, viec thanh lap HDT la diSu kien tien quygt cho su xae lap
va cong nhan ve ca che tu chii DH a nuac ta. Dieu do the hien xu the ma rgng dan ehu trong qua trinh dieu hanh ea sa GDDH phu hgp vai hgi nhap quoe te.
Thuc tien phat trien cua nen GDDH Viet Nam trong nhirng nam qua da co nhieu chuyen bien tich cue. Dang va Nha nuae luon quan tam dau tu cho GD va dao tao trong mgi giai doan lich su. Ngay tir thoi ki d§u hgi nhap quoc te. Dang va Nha nuae ta da nhan thay vai tro cua HDT CO the lam thay doi can ban mo hinh quan tri trong he thdng eae truong DH cong lap. DiSu do dugc dk cap cr DiSu 30, DiSu le truang DH (nam 2014) (Chinh phu, (2014), Biiu le Truang BH, so 70/2014/QD-TTg, ban hanh ngay 10 thang 12 nam 2014) va tiep tue dugc khang dinh d cac van ban phap quy dugc ban hanh sau nay nhu: Luat GD 2005, Luat GDDH 2012, dfin nay la Luat sira d6i, bo sung mgt so dieu cua Luat GDDH (2018), vai tro cua HDT duge the hien cu the tai Dieu 16 (Quoe hgi, (2018), Ludt Sua ddi, bd sung mot sd dieu cua Ludt GBBH, Luat s6 34/2018/QH14 ngay 19 thang 11 nam 2018 eo hieu luc tii' ngay 01 thang 7 nam 2019), Co thk noi, day la buac dot pha lan trong mo hinh quan tri DH d Viet Nam hien nay.
Tai Diau 16, Luat GDDH (sira ddi, bo sung nam 2018),
"HDT cua trudng DH cong lap la to ehiic quan tri, thuc hien quy6n dai dien ciia chu sd hiru va cac ben cd lgi ich hen quan" (Quoc hgi, (2018), Ludt Sira ddi, bd sung mot sd diiu ciia Ludi GDDH, Luat s6 34/2018/QH14 ngay 19 thang 11 nam 2018 eo hieu lire tir ngay 01 thang 7 nam 2019). Theo Luat nay, sd lugng, ca cau va nguyen tac boat ddng ciia HDT cflng duac quy dinh cu the: Sd lugng thanh vien HDT phai la sd le, toi thieu la 15 ngudi, bao gdm cac thanh vien trong va ngoai trudng DH. Trong dd, thanh vien duang nhien bao gdm bi thu cap iiy, hieu
NGHlgNCQULfLUAN
tnrdng trudng DH, chu tich cong doan va dai dien Ban Chap hanh Doan Thanh nien Cong san H6 Chi Mmh la ngudi hgc ciia tnrdng DH. Thanh vien bau bao gdm dai dien giang vien (GV) chi6m ti le toi thilu la 25% tdng sd thanh vien cua EDT, dai dien vien chiJe va ngudi lao dgng. Thanh vien ngoai tnrdng DH chiem ti le tdi thieu la 30% tong sd thanh vign cua HDT, do hdi nghi toan Xhk hoae hgi nghi dai bieu ciia trudng DH bau bao gdm nha lanh dao, nha quan li, nha GD, nha van hda, nha khoa hgc, doanh nhan, cim sinh vien (SV), dai dien dan vi su dung lao ddng.
Ddi vdi cac tmdng DH cdng lap, HDT la chu sd hHu cgng ddng vi cd dai dien cua Dang, Nha nudc, ehinh quyen, cong doan, giao vien, cim SV, nha tuyen dung, doanh nghiep. Hieu tnrdng la giam ddc digu hanh cua nha trudng, do HDT bau chgn hay tuyen dung, bd nhiem va bai nhiem, Mdi quan he giila HDT va hieu trudng tuong ddi ddc lap nhung lai phoi hgp nhip nhang, linh hoat, mem deo, thieh iing vdi tac dgng ciia thi hnidng vdi su giam sat va dieu tiet cua xa hgi, tranh duge hien tugng thuang mai hda GD tuyet ddi, bdi quygn tu chu DH khong giao cho bat ki ca nhan nao ma trao cho dai dien tap thg quan tri cua nha tnrdng, do la HDT. Do dd, thanh lap HDT la mdt tat yeu trong qua trinh thue hien tu chil DH, phu hgp vdi quy luat ciia kinh tg thi trudng, thirc hien va phat huy vai trd, trach nhiem cua HDT la mgt khau dot pha trong tien trinh ddi mdi va nang cao ehat lugng GDDH d Viet Nam hien nay.
2.2. Vai tro, nhiem vu ciia hpi tfong tri/cing doi v6i qua trinh thiTc hien tiT chu dai hpc
2.2.1. Hpi tfong trtfdng quyet tfjnh chien lUcic, ke hoach pttat trien, chu trifPng phat trien cDa nha trtfclng
Viec xay dung triet li phat trign, chien luge, chii truong, kk hoach phat trien dai han va ngin han ciia cae trudng DH la yeu td tien quygt doi vdi su tdn tai, phat trign ciia nha trudng. Chat lugng dao tao va hoat ddng nghien ciiu Ichoa hgc (NCKH) la khau trgng ygu trong qua trinh phat tri6n ciia mdi nha trudng. Hien nay, khd khan nhat van la vkn dk tuygn sinh, dau vao eua eae trudng la mdt khau quan trgng anh hudng den chat lugng dao tao. Ngoai giai phap cac tnrdng tu nang cao uy tin, chat lugng dao tao, NCKH thi hien nay eae ea sd GD phai nr tim cac giai phap dku vao tuygn sinh DH nhu: thu hiit SV, truygn thdng, quang ba thuang hieu. Do dd, can den vai trd eua HDT phan tich, xem xet nhiing nhirng mat manh, ygu cua nha tnrdng d6 cd nhflng chien luge, chu trucmg phat trign cu th6 hay sap nhap ddi vdi timg c a s d GDDH.
HDT phdi hgp vdi Bd GD&DT thuc hien tdt nhiem vu quy dinh tai Nghi quygt sd 19-NQ/TW vg "Sap nhap, hgp nhat hoae giai thg cac trudng DH, co sd GD, dao tao hoat ddng khdng hieu qua, khdng nhat thigt tmh nao
cflng cd trudng DH. Sap xgp, td chiic lai, tap trung xay dung mgt sd trudng su pham trgng digm de dao tao dgi ngfl giao vign va quan li GD" (Dang Cong san Vi|t Nam, (2017), Vdn kien Hgi nghi ldn thie sdu Ban Chdp hdnh trung uong khda Xll Vdn phdng Trung uang Bang, Ha Ndi). Thuc hien tdt nhiem vu nay se gdp ph4n ca cau lai chi ngdn sach nha nudc (NSNN) cho GDDH, khi sd lugng CO sd GDDH da dugc ea cku lai thi tap trung eho cac CO sd GDDH cd chkt lugng cao va mgt so ea sd GDDH cd tmh chit dac thu, tranh viec dku tu cho nhiing CO sd GDDH boat dgng khdng hieu qua.
2.2.2. Hpi tfong triioing co quyen ban hanh quy che to ehu'c va hoat tfong, quy che tai chlnh, quy che dan chu A cd sd cua tri/dng tfai hpc phii hPp quy tfjnh cua phap luat
Hien nay, thuc hien Nghi quygt sd 29-NQ/TW ngay 04 thang 11 nam 2013 cua Ban Chap hanh Trung uang (khoa XI), giai doan 2013-2016 NSNN chi cho GD, dao tao, trong do cd GDDH da co ban dam bao miic 20% tdng chi NSNN. Tuy nhien, do nhieu ylu td khaeh quan nhu: Quy md ciia GD phd thdng ldn (sd lugng ea sd GD phd thdng (tnrdng, ldp), sd lugng giao vign, hgc sinh...),... nen mtic ehi ciia NSNN cho GDDH cdn han chg, do dd ehu truang giao quyen tu chu DH la hgp li va can thigt. Nhin ehung, nguon tai ehinh cho GDDH cdng lap con han hep, ehua dugc da dang hda. Cae ea sd GDDH edng lap ehua ehu dgng ve ngudn thu, chu ygu dua vao ngudn NSNN va ngudn thu tir hgc phi, nguon thu tir hoat ddng dich vu, NCKH, chuygn giao cdng nghe khdng dang k6.
Ca ehg tai chinh cho GDDH thirc hien theo quy dinh tai Nghi dinh sd 43/2006/ND-CP; Nghi dinh sd 16/2015/
ND-CP edn mang tinh binh quan, dua tren kha nang cua NSNN va cae ygu td dau vao khae (nhu quy md, s6 lugng SV, sd lugng nhan vign, Iich sii phan b6 NSNN cac nam trudc...), chua thuc su gan vdi tieu chi chat lugng va kgt qua dau ra hoae eae ehinh sach vg d4u thiu, dat hang cung cap dich vu... Do do, vai tro ciia HDT ra ddi can sdm ban hanh quy che td chue va hoat ddng, quy chg tai chinh, quy ehe dan chu d ca sd cua tnrdng DH phu hgp vdi quy dmh cua Luat GDDH va quy dinh khac cua phap luat cd lign quan nhu Luat NSNN, Luat Dau dJ cdng, Luat Quan li tai san cong... nham dua ra chinh sach sir dung vdn, tai san vao cac hoat dgng hen doanh lign kgt doanh nghigp, ca sd sii dung lao dgng phuc vu nhiem vu dao tao hieu qua mang lai nguon thu cho cac ca sd GDDH cdng lap. HDT nghien cim phuang an tai chmh phu hgp, tap tnmg vao dao tao ngudn nhan luc chdt lugng cao (NNLCLC) d mdt sd nganh, mdt s6 hnh vuc mang tam cd khu vuc va qudc te, muc tieu tang thu nhan cho dgi ngu GV va quan li, dau tu cho tang cudng co sd vat chat, trang thigt bi giang day va hgc tap.
3 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
Vu 1\\] Hang, Oinh Nguyen An
2.2.3. Hpi dong trijtfng quyet dinh phtfdng huong hoat tfong dao tao, nghien cilu khoa hpc va help tac quoc te dap (Ung yeu cau Mc tien xa hpi
Hoat dgng dao tao, NCKH va chuyen giao cdng nghe trong cac trudng DH ludn gan lien vdi nhau, dap ung viec dao tao NNLCLC phuc vu nhu eau thuc tign xa hgi.
Tuy nhign, van dg tuyen sinh, nhu da ndi d tren la khau kho khan dau tign trong cdng tac dao tao cua cac trudng DH nhigu nam nay, dac bigt la ddi vdi cac CSGDDH d top dudi. Do dd, vai trd cua HDT la quygt dinh phuang hudng tuygn sinh, md nganh dao tao, lien kgt dao tao, hoat ddng khoa hge va edng nghe, hgp tac qude tg; chinh sach bao dam chat lugng GDDH, hgp tac giura trudng DH vdi doanh nghiep, don vi sii dung lao ddng la nhung van dg cdt yeu va can thiet de nang thuang hieu nha hudng.Trgn ca sd quy dinh cu thg ve chi tigu tuygn sinh tai Digu 34 eiia Luat GDDH (siia ddi, bd sung nam 2018) duge xae dinh theo nganh, nhdm nganh trgn ca sd nhu cSu lao ddng ciia thi trudng, yeu cku phat trien kinh tg - xa hgi, dam bao ehuan dau ra ciia chuang trinh dao tao da cdng bd.
Ben eanh vi$c bao dam tigu chi ve chi tigu tuygn sinh thi viec md ma nganh cua cac trudng DH duge tu ehii khi bao dam du cac digu kien dugc quy dinh tai Dieu 33 cua Luat GDDH (sua ddi, bd sung nam 2018) trgn ca sd: "Nganh dao tao phii hgp vdi nhu can ngudn nhan lire cho phat trign kinh tg - xa hdi cua dia phuang, vung, ca nudc, eua timg ITnh vuc bao dam hgi nhap qudc tg;
Co dpi ngfl GV, can bd khoa hgc ca hiru bao dam ve sd lugng, chat lugng, trinh do va ca cau; Cd eo sd vat chat, thigt bl, thu vien, giao trinh dap iing ygu cau giang day, hpc tap, nghign ciiu;..." (Qudc hgi, (2018), Lugt Sua ddi, bo sung mot sd dieu ciia Ludi GDDH, Luat sd 34/2018/
QH14 ngay 19 thang 11 nam 2018 cd hieu lire tir ngay 01 thang 7 nam 2019). Ca sd GDDH nao tu chu md nganh dao tao khi chua bao dam cac digu kien theo quy dinh se bi dinh ehi hoat ddng dao tao ddi vdi nganh dao tao dd va khdng dugc tu ehu md nganh dao tao trong thdi han 5 nam kg tir khi ed kgt luan ve viec vi pham cua ca quan nha nude co tham quyen.
Viec dao tao, lien kgt dao tao, md ma nganh... phai dugc danh gia, kiem dinh dat ygu ciu bdi ca quan sir dung lao dgng danh gia, ban than cac ca sd GDDH tu chii phai eo trach nhiem eai tign, nang cao chat lugng dao tao, bao dam chuin dku ra cua chuang trinh dao tao, bao dam quyen lgi cho ngudi hgc, ngu khdng bao dam, khong dugc tigp tuc tuyen sinh nganh dao tao do cho dgn khi dat tigu chuan kigm dinh chdt lugng. Do do, vai tro Clia HDT xem xet tren nhigu phucmg dien, kiem tra, giam sat cac hoat dgng lien quan den dao tao va NCKH de quygt dinh phuang hudng phat trign hieu qua cho mdi giai doan cua nha tnrdng.
2.2.4. Hgi tfong triTiing quyet tfjnh ve cd cau, bo may td chii'c, chinh sach tfao tao, suT tfung, boi difdng, tfai ngo dpi ngu giang vien va can bp qudn li cua nha triltfng phii hpp v0i quy djnh cua phap luat
Yitc quygt dinh ca eau bd may td chirc, chinh sach dao tao, sir dung, bdi duong, dai ngd ddi ngu GV va can bd quan li eiia nha trudng phii hgp vdi quy dinh ciia phap luat la nhiem vu quan trgng cua HDT. Ddi ngu GV va nha quan li la dgi ngii ndng edt quyet dinh chat lugng dao tao, NCKH va chuygn giao edng nghe. Do do, can thuc hien quy dinh, chinh saeh dao tao, bdi dudng, sii dung, dai ngd hgp li bao dam phat huy toi da nang luc sang tao va nhijng pham chat cua ddi ngu nay. Ngu HDT khai thae, sur dung hgp H tao mdi tnidng dg ddi ngu GV va nha quan li sang tao nhieu y tudng, lam viec hieu qua se quyet dinh chat lugng dao tao va nang cao thuang hieu nha frudng va nguge lai. Digu 32, Luat GDDH (sira ddi, bd sung nam 2018) quy dinh: "Quyen tu chu trong td ehiic va nhan su bao gdm ban hanh va td chiic thirc hien quy dinh ngi bg vg ca cau td chiic, ca eau lao ddng, danh mue, tieu ehuan, chg do Clia timg vi tri viec lam; tuygn dung, sii dung va cho thdi vige ddi vdi GV, vign ehicc va ngudi lao ddng khac, quyet dinh nhan su quan trj, quan li trong co sd GDDH phfl hgp vdi quy dinh cfla phap luat" (Qudc hgi, (2018), Ludt Siea ddi, bd sung mgt sd dieu cua Lugt GDDH, Luat sd 34/2018/QH14 ngay 19 thang 11 nam 2018 ed hieu lue tir ngay 01 thang 7 nam 2019).
Trong nhiing thanh td ciia tu chfl DH, bao gdm: tu chii tai chinh, tir ehu nhan su, tu chfl hgc thuat thi thanh td true tiep quygt dinh su thanh edng eiia qua trinh tu chfl ve nhan sir va hge thuat. Song mudn Ur chii ve nhan su va hgc thuat tdt phai co tu chu vg tai ehinh. Day ciing la mdt vkn &k dat ra cho HDT phai giai quygt, co nhirng giai phap ve ngudn thu.
2.2.5. Hpi tfong tril^ng quyet djnh va trinh cd quan quan li c6 tham quyen ra quyet dinh cong nhan, bai nhipm, mien nhiem hieu trildng trudng tfai hpc
Tai Digu 16 cfla Luat GDDH (bd sung, sita ddi nam 2018) quy dinh: HDT "Quygt dinh va trinh ea quan quan li ed tham quyen ra quygt dinh cdng nhan, bai nhiem, mign nhiem hieu tnrdng trudng DH; bd nhiem, bai nhiem, mien nhiem phd hieu tnrdng trudng DH trgn ea sd dg xuat cua hieu trudng tnrdng DH; viee quygt dinh cae ehiic danh quan li khac do quy che td chiic va boat dgng ciia trudng DH quy dinh..." (Qudc hdi, (2018), Ludt Sua doi, bd sung mdt so dieu ciia Lugt GDDH, Luat sd 34/2018/QH 14 ngay 19 thang 11 nam 2018 cd hieu luc tir ngay 01 thang 7 nam 2019), Day cung la digm mdi ciia Luat GDDH (2018) duge xa hgi quan tam va ban Iuan hien nay. HDT khdng cd quygn quygt djnh viec cdng nhan, bai nhiem hoae mign nhiem hieu trudng hay phd hieu trudng.
NGHieNCOTULILUAN Cl
2^2.6. HOI dong trtfdng quyet tfjnh chinh sach thu hUt cac nguon von dau tif phat trien trifdng dai hpc, chinh sach hoc phi, ho trp ngifdi hpc, ke hoach tai chinh cua nha trifdng
Trong ngi dung cua tu chu DH thi tu chu v6 tai chinh dugc nhieu ngudi quan tam. Digu 32, Luat GDDH (nam 2018) quy dinh: "Quyen tu chu trong tai chinh va tai san bao gdin ban hanh va td chiic thuc hien quy djnh ndi bg ve ngudn thu, quan li va sir dung ngudn tai chinh, tai san; thu hut ngudn vdn dku tu phat trign; chmh sach hge phi, hge bdng cho SV va chinh saeh khac phii hgp vdi quy dinh cfla phap luat" (Qudc hdi, (2018), Ludt Sua ddi, bo sung mdt sS dieu ciia Ludt GDDH, Luat sd 34/2018/
QH14 ngay 19 thang 11 nam 2018 ed hieu lire tu ngay 01 thang 7 nam 2019).
Tu chii tai chinh cfla dan vi su nghiep theo 4 miic do:
1/ Tu chfl tai chinh ddi vdi don vi tu bao dam chi thudng xuygn va chi dku tu; 2/ Tu ehu tai ehinh ddi vdi dem vi tu bao dam chi thudng xuygn; 3/ Tu chu tai ehinh ddi vdi dan vi tu bao dam mgt phkn chi thudng xuygn; 4/ Tu ehu tai chinh doi vdi dan vi dugc Nha nudc bao dam chi thudng xuygn. Do do, HDT cd vai h-d ban hanh cac chinh sach thu hut cac ngudn vdn dau tu phat tngn trudng DH;
ehinh saeh hgc phi, hd trg ngudi hgc, kg hoach tai chinh cua nha tnrdng cu thg, dai ban va ngan han,
HDT nghien euu chinh saeh ddi vdi viee chfl ddng tim kiem cac ngudn thu nhu sir tai trg cua cuu SV, lien kgt doanh nghiep tim ngudn dau tu vao NCKH va ehuyen giao cdng nghe, vay mugn tu thi trudng tai chirih va cac boat ddng kinh doanh trong ITnh vuc GD va NCKH, tang cudng trign khai dau thau, dat hang lien quan dgn cac hoat ddng GD va NCKH theo dinh hudng thi trudng, dap iing nhu cau cua eae nganh kinh tg. Bgn canh dd, nghign cuu chinh sach cho vay tin dung ddi vdi SV, chg do, ehinh sach hgc bdng, khen thudng hoae chinh sach ddi vdi SV ed hoan canh khd khan...
Digu quan trgng, g§n lign vdi tir chu tai chinh, hgc thuat va nhan su la trach nhiem giai trinh dugc quy dinh tai Dieu 32, Luat GDDH (nam 2018) (Qudc hgi, (2018), Lugt Sua ddi, bS sung mot sd diiu ciia Lugt GDDH, Luat sd 34/2018/QH14 ngay 19 thang 11 nam 2018 cd hieu luc tir ngay 01 thang 7 nam 2019): "a/ Giai trinh vg viec thuc hien tigu chuan, chinh sach chit lugng, vg viec quy dinh, thuc hien quy dinh ciia eo sd GDDH; chiu frach nhiem trudc phap luat ngu khdng thuc hien quy dinh, cam ket bao dam chkt lugng hoat ddng; b/ Cdng khai bao cao hang nam vg cac chi sd kSt qua hoat ddng fl-en ft-ang thdng tin dien hi' ciia eo sd GDDH; thuc hien chg do bao cao dinh ki,' dot xuat vdi chu sd hiiu va ca quan quan li cd tham qiiygn; c/ Giai trinh vg miie luang, thudng va quyen Igi khac cfla chiic danh lanh dao, quan li ciia ca sd GDDH tai hgi nghi can bg,..,; dl Thire hien cdng khai tning thue bao cao tai chinh hang nam va ndi dung khac trgn trang thdng tin dign tu cua ca sd GDDH theo quy djnh cua Bd
GD&DT;...".
Mgt khi giao quyen tu ehu cho cac ca sd GDDH thi HDT la ca chg thuc dky viec thue hien n-ach nhiem giai trinh eiia cac trudng. Do vai trd quan trgng cua HDT d chd dugc xem nhu ca quan quan li cao nhat cua nha trudng va cd ttach nhiem giai trinh tnrdc Bd trudng cflng nhu trudc xa hgi vg kgt qua boat dgng, ehat lugng dao tao cua nha trudng,
2.3. Mpt so van tfe tfat ra doi vtfi hoi dong trUoing H Viet Nam hien nay
Xuit phat tir thuc tign GDDH Viet Nam, Dang va Nha nudc ta da nhan thdy vai ttd cua HDT, HDT dugc xem la td chuc quan ttgng ttong quan tti, dinh hudng phat trien nha trudng. Nhung sau 3 nam thuc hien Nghi quyet sd 77/NQ-CP ve thi digm tu chu d cac ca sd GDDH (Chinh phu, (2014), Nghi quyit s6 77/NQ-CP ngdy 24 thdng 10 ndm 2014 ve thi diem doi m&i ca che hogt dgng ddi vai mgt sd ca sd GBBH cdng lap giai dogn 2014 - 2017, Ha Ndi), tinh den cudi nam 2017, Thu tudng Chinh phu da phe duyet De an thi diem ddi mdi co chg hoat ddng giai doan 2015 - 2017 cho 23 co sd GDDH cdng lap true thudc cac bd, nganh trung uong, ttong dd ed 17 ca sd GDDH thanh lap HDT, mdt sd trudng chua thanh lap nhu DH Tra Vinh, DH Kinh tg KI thuat cdng nghiep, DH Cdng nghigp Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh... Trong Luat GDDH (bd sung, sira ddi nam 2018) duge xay dung cflng da quan tam, eu the hda nhieu lign quan den viee thanh lap HDT, digu kien dg giao quygn tu chu cho cac trudng la phai thanh lap HDT, dgn 15 thang 8 nam 2020, cae CO sd GDDH dgu phai hoan thanh viec thanh lap HDT (theo Nghi dinh 99/ND - CP). Vai trd, ttach nhiem cua HDT dugc quy dinh tai Digu 16, Luat GDDH (2018).
Tuy nhign, cho den nay, vai ttd eua HDT chua that su phat huy tdi da hieu qua vi cdn nhiing rao can nhkt dinh.
Thu nhdt, HDT dugc thanh lap d mgt sd co sd GDDH edn mang tinh hinh thiic, ehua thuc su phat huy hgt vai ttd thuc quygn cua minh. Quygn han va trach nhiem cua HDT da duge quy dinh ro nhung viec HDT la co quan thuc quygn cao nhSt ttong trudng DH vkn cdn ttanh cai.
Bdi vi, hku hgt HDT d cac ca sd GDDH dugc thanh lap khdng cd ngudn kinh phi dpc lap dg boat dgng ma hudng phu cap theo quy chg tai chinh cua nha trudng quy dinh.
Ngoai ra, HDT khdng cd van phdng hoat ddng vdi bd may nhan vien chuygn trach rigng ma sir dung bp may nhan vign cua nha ttudng nhu DH Dien Iuc, Vien DH Md, DH Thuang Mai.,.. Mdt sd thanh vien cua HDT d ngoai tnrdng co quygn Igi va nghTa vu nhu the nao khi tham gia, ttong khi cdng viec, thdi gian cua hg khong cd Quy dinh HDT hgp it nhat 2 lan/1 nam khdng thg giai quyet dugc mpi van dg thue tign nay sinh hang ngay
Thir hai, HDT chua that su la mdt td chirc cd quygn lire cao nhat. Thuc te, vai trd hien nay cua HDT chi cd
10 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIETNAM
vo IU Hang, Dinh Nguyen An
nhiem vu gidi thieu nhan su hieu trudng, phd hieu trudng dg thuc hien quy trinh bd nhiem theo quy dinh, thuc hien danh gia hang nam viee hoan thanh nhiem vu cua hieu trudng, cae phd hieu tnrdng. Kien nghi co quan ed thim quyen mign nhiem hieu trudng, phd hieu trudng, td ehirc lay phigu tham dd tin nhiem hieu trudng, phd hieu trudng giu'a nhiem ki hoae dot xuat ttong trudng hgp ckn thiet. HDT chua cd quyen bd nhiem, mign nhiem hieu ttudng, phd hieu ttudng. Bgn canh do, mgi quygt dinh ve dao tao, chi tigu tuyen sinh, quyen quyet dinh ve viec giao, nghiem thu boat dgng nghign curu khoa hge, quygt dinh xep bang luong eua dgi ngfl cdng chuc, vign chiic theo vi tri cdng viec... han che, ma chi la "phe duyet",
"tiiong qua"...
Thie ba, viec hoat dgng cua HDT cdn phu thudc vao nhigu nhan td nhu bd may td chiic, nhan sir, tai chinh thuoc ban giam hieu quan li, do dd tinh hieu qua va thue chat ciia to chiic nay chua cao. 0 mdt sd trudng, Chu tich HDT chua cd kinh nghiem bg day ttong quan tri DH, uy tin ehua cao. Mdt sd Chfl tieh HDT tham chi khdng cd trong Ban Chap hanh Dang bd cua nha trudng nen do tin cay cung nhu miic do anh hudng cua HDT cdn ban chg, Thie lu, mdt trong nhiing nguyen nlian khien HDT chua dugc thanh lap hoae da thanh lap d mgt sd tnrdng DH hoat ddng chua hieu qua, cd thg do tam li ciia hieu trudng khong mudn chia se quygn luc. Mgt sd trudng DH eho rang, HDT cd vai trd giam sat, hd ttg cho bd may ban giam hieu boat ddng hieu qua, phat trign hem.
Tuy nliien, mdt so trudng khdng mudn thanh lap ra mdt to chuc giam sat, bat phai giai trinh...
2.4. Mpt SO kien nghj nham phat huy vai tro cua hpi dong trifolng trong qua trinh thtfc hien tti chu tfai hpc d Viet Nam hien nay
De mgt HDT boat ddng hieu qua, the hien vai ttd va trach nhiem thuc sir cua minh vdi md hinh quan tti nha trudng can phai ed cac dieu kien sau:
Mgt Id, thanh lap HDT ckn cd ngudn kinh phi rieng de hoat ddng vdi bd may nhan su vdi cac thanh vien lam viec chuygn trach, hieu qua, giai quygt nhirng cdng viee phat sinh kip thdi, ddng thdi triln khai cugc hgp, ket noi gifla eae thanh vign ttong nha tnrdng va thanh vign bgn ngoai trudng. Can cd bd may thudng true HDT dg nam bit, giam sat, xir h thdng tin ttong ndi bg cung nhu nhiing thong tm hgp tac eae doanh nghiep ben ngoai bao dam chinh xae, hieu qua, kip thdi. Cac thanh vign nay la ngudi am higu timg ITnh vuc chinh ciia trudng nhu tai chinh vat chit, chuygn mdn, td chiic hanh chinh,, .dg cung chu tich HDT xay dung chucmg trinh hanh ddng trong timg giai doan cu the.
Hai Id, mudn nang cao vai ttd ciia HDT ttong viec ra cae quygt dinh chign luge can xay dung nguygn tae va phuang thurc boat ddng eua HDT. Hang nam, HDT se
danh gia, lay tin nhiem vdi hieu trudng, phd hieu trudng.
HDT cd quyen thay the hoae xir li ban giam hieu neu boat ddng khdng hieu qua, khdng thuc hien dung nghi quyet cua HDT de ra, HDT quy dinh cu thg ddi vdi quygt dinh cbii truong, phuang hudng dudng ldi ldn cfla trudng. Mgi quyet dinh dgu dugc tiiuc hien theo phuang thiie thao luan, theo nguyen tac tap trung dan chfl, thdng qua quygt nghi tap thg tai eupc hgp HDT, quygt dinh theo da sd va sir dung hinh thiic bd phigu kin.
Ba la, Chu tieh HDT co kinh nghiem, uy tin, da hing tham gia quan li DH it nhit 5 nam, dugc dao tao vg quan tri DH, eo tam nhin chien luge, am hieu ve ca sd GD, dugc hieu trudng ng trgng va tin tudng, vira gidi chuygn mdn vira day dan kinh nghiem quan li, cd tinh each manh me, quyet doan, dam nghT dam lam, dam chiu trach nhiem, cd pham chat thang than va trung thuc.
O Viet Nam hien nay, do nang luc, dac diem, dae thu CSGDDH rat da dang. Vi vay, Nha nudc can quy dinh tu ehu tai ehinh va danh gia tu chu d nhieu miic do khac nhau tuang iing vdi cac digu kien khac nhau cfla cac ca sd GDDH.
Bdn Id, can cd quy dmh lam ro mdi quan he, ehiie nang, nhiem vu cua HDT vdi dang uy va hieu trudng nha trudng de thuan lgi ttong qua trinh dieu harih va trign khai cdng viec, ttanh trimg lap gay khd khan va vudng mac ttong qua trinh boat ddng.
Ndm Id, ttong he thdng GDDH Viet Nam, tu chu DH va thg chg HDT la van dg mdi trong quan tri DH, do do de xae lap dugc thg chg HDT, Nha nudc can dua ra mdt lg trinh hgp li,Tnrdc tign, HDT can duge tap huan, thdng nhit ve cac nguyen tic va each thiic lam viee. Ddi vdi cae CO sd GDDH duge quyen tu chu cao, ttgng digm tbi HDT nen dugc xay dung trudc, khdng phai ddng loat d cac ca sd GDDH. Sau khi trign khai thanh edng d cae ea sd GDDH nay, td ehiie nit kinh nghiem phd bign cho eae trudng DH khac du dieu kien thuc hien tu chfl.
Viee thanh lap va quy djnh vai tro, ttach nhigm eua HDT ddi vdi cac co sd GDDH ttong tien trinh tu chfl DH la xu hudng ehung cua GDDH tten thg gidi. GD Viet Nam dang tiing bude hdi nhap, tiep can nen eon nhigu vin dg dat ra. Doi mdi va nang cao chat lugng GDDH la mdt qua ttinh, tu cap do thap den cap dd cao han.
Phan tich vai trd ciia HDT ttgn thuc tg cung la nhirng vin dg mdi me ddi vdi cac eo sd GDDH d Viet Nam hien nay. Vdi nhuTig phuang phap tigp can he thdng, lich sir - cu thg, cung quan diem toan dien, khaeh quan nhin nhan, phan tich vai ttd cua HDT hien nay mdi chi la budc diu tim higu "buc ttanh" vg tign trinh tu chii DH d Viet Nam d cip dp vT md va nhiing ggi md eho eae edng trinh nghign ciiu tiep theo.
3. Ket luan
Viee thanh lap HDT duac coi la mdl ttong nhiing ygu
NGHIEN CCTU LILUAN j .^^-.-#1
td quygt dinh ttong viec md rdng va nang cao quygn tu chfl, tang cudng giam sat va ttach nhiem giai trtnh vdi xa hdi nham nang eao chat Iugng GDDH d Viet Nam hien nay. Vai trd cua HDT la quygt dinh nhiing chfl truang, ke hoach va giam sat boat dgng quan li dg bao dam nha trudng thuc hien diing sii mang, trigt li phat trign da dat ra. HDT phai trung thanh vdi lgi ich chung cua nha trudng nhu mdt tdng the, khdng phai dai dien cho bit ki nhdm lgi ich nao, Ngu HDT khdng phat huy dung thue
quyen thi khd giai dugc bai toan tu chu, vi ttr chu phai gan hgn vdi traeh nhiem giai trinh xa hgi.Tuy nhien, vai ttd ciia HDT ttong cae co sd GDDH nude ta chua phat huy hieu qua, bdi day cung la khau dot pha mdi trong md huih quan tti DH d Viet Nam hien nay. Do dd, can ed nhinig giai phap trudc mit cung nhu lau dai dg phat huy tdi da vai trd thuc quygn eua HDT nhim thuc hien qua trinh tu chu thanh cdng.
Tai lieu tham kh^o
[ 1 ] Nguyin Huy Vj, Le Bat Scrn, (2015), Thdnh lap Hoi ddng tru&ng - bu&c di tdi yeu trong tien trinh hgi nhdp v&i thi gi&i ciia gido due dai hgc Viet Nam, Tap chi Giao due, so 3 7 0 , t h a n g l l n a m 2 0 1 5 ,
[2] Nguyen Anh Tuan, (2018), Vai trd cua Nhd nu&c trong chien luge trien khai tu chii dgi hgc tai Viit Nam, Tap chi Khoa jocj Giao dye Viet Nam, so 8, thang 8 nam 2018.
[3] Thai Van Thanh, Nguyin Hoa Du, (2018), Gidi phdp Idng cu&ng thuc hien quyen tu chu vd trdch nhiim xd hoi cua trudng dai hoc trong hoi cdnh hiin nay. Tap chi
[5]
Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam, s6 10, thang 10 nam 2018.
Pham D6 Nhat TiSn, (2019), Tdi cacdu gido due dai hoc Viel Nam tru&e yeu cdu thuc hien khdu dot phd chien luge vi ddo tqo nhdn luc trinh 3g cao. Tap chi Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam, s6 13, thang 01 nam 2019.
TrSn Van Top; Biii Thi Thuy H^ng, (2019), Tim hiiu mo hinh gido dgc dgi hgc Uen thigi&i - Bdi hgc kinh nghiem^
cho Viet Nam, Tap chi Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam, so 14, thang 02 nam 2019.
THE ROLES OF SCHOOL BOARDS IN UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY IN VIETNAM TODAY
Vu Thi H a n g \ Dinh Nguyen An^
' National Unwersity of Civl! Engineering 55 Giai Phong, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, Vietnam Email. [email protected]
^ Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine 02 Tran Phu, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam Email: dinhnguyenan1181@9mail com
ABSTRACT: The current trend of higher education development in the world is gradually transferring from a model of state control to a model of state supervision with the purpose of strengthening and expanding autonomy for higher education institutions, Vietnam should ngt stay out of that trend.
Necessary conditions for the implementation of the right to higher education institutions in Vietnam Include the school administration mechanism in accordance with the university management mechanism through the establishment of a school board. The university board plays an important role in determining the degree of autonomy of universities in Vietnam today.
KEYWORDS: University autonomy; higher education institutions; university administration;
autonomy; school boards.
12 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DIJC VIET NAM
