- CONG NGHE NGAN HANG Q ]
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'JA.ThS. Bui Ddc Clang *
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heo quy djnh tai Dilu 326, Bd luit Din sd (BLDS), "dm c& tii san li vi0c mdt bin (bin dm cd) giao tii san thudc quyen sd hOu cua minh cho ben kia (ben nhan dm cd) dS bio dim tbi/c hi0n nghia vu din sif'. Dae trdng quan trpng nhat cua viec elm c d t i i sin la bdn elm cdgiao tai san eCia minh cho bdn cho vay d l dim bao khoan vay. Quy dinh phip luit hidn hanh edn chaa phin biet mgt each tridt dd loai t i i sin nao cd t h i ehuydn giao v l mit v|t chat cho bdn chu nd va do dd ed t h i trd thinh ddi tagng cda hgp ddng elm cd, din tdi vi§c quy djnh v l cam cd mgt sd loai t i i sin cdn chaa thflc sy phCi hgp. Thdm vio dd, vi^c dang ky elm cd va xd ly elm cd trong trddng hgp bdn cam cd lim vao tinh trgng phi sin vin la cac ming tdi cua chd djnh niy. Bii vidt se tip trung phin tfch cac khfa canh khac nhau cua giao djch bio dim nay, ddng thdi se ggi md mgt sd hddng hoin thidn quy djnh hign hinh, die biet de khic phye cic hgn chd trdn.1. Quy tf|nh chung ve cam cd tai sin
a) X&c l$p dm co Q u y l n sd hOli t i l san e l m c d - T d d j n h nghTa e l m c d n§u d t r d n , cd t h d thdy t i i s i n e l m c d p h i i
* Cdng ty Lull Audler and Pulnan VIetiuin LLC
thudc quyen sd hflu cua ben cam c d bdi v l xet cho cung, ndu vide x d ly tai san e l m c d d i l n ra t h i se dan tdi viec quyen sd hflu tai s i n nay se dage c h u y l n giao cho ben khac, cho ndn bdn e l m c d phai ed q u y l n d j n h doat tai san nay d d vide chuyen giao dd cd hi$u lye. Do d d , viec cam c d t a i s i n thudc sd hflu cua ngfldi khac la khdng cd g i i tri phap ly. Hdn nfla, tai san cam c d phai la tai san dage phep giao djch (Dieu 320 va cac d i l u tidp theo cua BLDS). Them vao dd, ben cam c d khdng nhat thiet phai la ben cd nghTa vu daoc bao dam (khoan 2, D i l u S7. Nghl d m h sd 1 6 3 / 2 0 0 6 / N D - C P cua C h i n h phu ngay 29 t h i n g 12 nam 2006 ve Giao djch bao dam dUdc bd sung, sda dot nam 2012 (Nghi d j n h 163)).
D i l u kien hieu lac Dieu 327, BLDS dat ra quy d j n h "viec dm cd tii san phai dtfOc lap thinh van ban, co the lap thanh van ban rieng hoic ghi trong hop ddng chinh". Diy la mdt trong sd cic dilu ki§n cd hidu lac cua hgp ddng elm ed. Hop ddng elm cd cd the la hop dong dddc cdng chdng hoac khdng cd cdng chflng.
Hon nfla, vide chuyln giao tai sin d m eddanh dau thdi diem hi0u Ifle cda hgp ddng cam ed (Dilu 328, BLDS).
Tai san cam cd Yeu cau chuyln giao t i i sin elm ed cho bdn nhin elm eddan tdi mgt sd
he qua nhat djnh. ThdnhSit, elm ed ehl cd the dage sd dyng ddi vdi tai san hidn bdu ed thd ddge chuyln giao cho bdn cho vay.
Giao dich bao dam niy khdng ap dyng cho tai sin tddng Iai.
Thd hai, eh? cac ddng san mdi phu hgp vdi tidu chf chuyen giao tai san. Cudi cung, khdng the sd dung mdt tai san de bao dam nhilu nghTa vy neu t i i san nay da dage chuyen giao cho ben nhan cam cddlu tien. Day la trd ngai dang ke ddi vdi viec khai thic tdi da gia tri tai san neu tai san elm cd cd g i i tn Idn hdn rat nhilu nghTa vu dddc bao dam.
Dang ky cam co - Nha mgi giao djch bao dam cd ddi tddng la tai san khac, cam cd cd g i i trj phip ly vdi bdn thd ba kdtdthdi diem dang ky (khoan 2, Dilu 323, BLDSva khoan 1, Dilu 11, Nghi djnh 163). Quy d|nh bat bude dang ky elm ed t i i sin d l bao dam tfnh ddi khang vdi cic ben thd ba la khdng phu hgp bdi trong trddng hdp cam cd, do tai san bao dim da dage chuyln giao v l mat vit chit cho bdn nhin elm ed n^n khdng ed ngin hang nao cho khach hang cua minh vay tien tren cd sd t i i sin vdn dang nam trong tay cda mdt ngadi khac. Ndi cich khic, vide ben nhan cam cd dang cd quyln chiem hflu tai san du d l thdng tin cho bat ky bdn thd ba nao v l sy tdn tai cCia giao djch cam cdddi vdi t i l san dd'. Cin bd thu tyc dang ky (vdn keo them chi phf va thdi gian cua cac bdn) trong lin sda ddi BLDS sip tdi.
Die bt§t Thdng t a s d 0 5 / 2 0 n / TT-BTP cua Bd Ta phap ngay 16/02/2011 hddng d^n mdt sd van d l ve dang ky. cung c i p
TAP CHI NGAN HANG . Sd 5 | THANG 2*2014 ( Q
[ ^ I CONG NGHE NGAN HANG
thdng tin v l giao djch bao dam, hop ddng, thdng bio viec ke bidn tai sin thi hanh an theo phddng thdc trde tiep, bau dien, fax, tha dign td tai Trung t i m Dang ky giao dich, tai san cua Cue Dang ky qudc gia giao djch bao dam thugc Bg Ta phip (Thdng td 05) khdng quy djnh rd lieu cd the dang ky cam cd van ddn v i cam cd'the tidt kidm tai Trung tam dang ky giao djch, tai san cua Cue dang ky qud'e gia giao djch bao dam thudc Bg Ta phap hay khdng. Do Dieu 19, Nghj djnh 163 phin bidt cam CO giay td cd gia vdi cam CO van don va cam cd the tidt kiem nen cd thd hilu, trong td duy cua nha lam luat van ddn va the tiet kigm khdng dddc coi la mdt loai gily td cd gia ndn khdng the ap dung quy dmh tai khoan 5, Dieu 3, Thdng td 05 v l cac loai giiy td cd gia thudc tradng hdp dang ky giao djch bao dam. Khoan 1 0 Dieu 3 cua Thdng ta nay quy dinh md la ed the tien hanh dang ky cac dong san khac tai Trung tam dang ky giao djch, tai san. Tuy viy, theo quy djnh hien hanh, rat khd cd the coi the tiet kiem va v i n don la mdt loai tai san ndn CO ve khdng the ap dung quy djnh nay de dang ky hai giao djch bao dam niy. V l diem nay, phap luit Anh coi van ddn la mdt loai tai san vd hinh dang chdng tfl (documentary intangibles)^.
b) He qua phap ly cua cam cd' Quyen va nghTa vu cua ben nhan elm cd' trddc khi nghTa vu dddc bao dam ddn han - Ben nhin cam cd phai bao quan, gid gin tai sin cam cd v i phai chju
^ TAP CHI N G A N HANG | SO 5 j THM4G 3/2014
trich nhiem v l viec l i m mat hoac lam hd hdng tai sin cam ed (khoan 1, Dilu 332, BLDS). Doi Iai, ben nhin cam cd dage thanh toan chi phf hdp ly bao quan tai san cam ed, trd khi cd tbda thuan khic (khoan 3, Dilu 330 va khoan 4, Dilu 333, BLDS).
Do elm ed cht trao cho ben nhin cam cd quyen chiem hiJu tai san elm ed ndn ben nhin cam cd khdng ddge ban, trao doi, tang cho, cho thue, cho mddn tai san elm ed va khdng dddc dem tai san elm ed' de bao dam thdc hidn nghTa vu khic^ cung nhd khdng dddc khai thac cac Idi fch kinh te tfl tai san nay ndu khdng dddc ben cam ed dong y (khoan 2 va khoan 3, D i l u 332, BLDS). Ly do nam d chd ben cam cd v i n la chd sd hdu cua tai san cam cd'. Ngay ca khi bdn elm ed ddng y cho bdn nhan cam cd dddc sd dyng tai san cam ed', thi ben cam c o v i n cd quyen ydu clu bdn nhan cam cddinh chi vige sddyng tai san cam cd neu vide sd dung nay lam cho tai sin cam cd cd nguy cd bj mat gia trj hoac giam gia trj (khoan 1 D i l u 331, Nghi dinh 163).
Quyen va nghTa vu cua ben cam cd'- Ben cam cd chi ddge ban hay thay the tai san cam cd bang mgt tai san khac ndu nhd dage ben nhan elm co ddng y (khoan 2 va 3, D i l u 331, BLDS). Ben elm ed'ed nghTa vu phai thdng bao cho bdn nhin cam ed v l quyln cua ngadi thd ba dot vdi tai san cam cd, ndu ed (khoan 2, Dilu 330, BLDS).
Quyln hddng hoa idi, Idi tdc - Theo quy djnh tai khoan 3, Dilu 332, BLDS, bdn nhin
e l m cd khdng dddc hddng ho#
Igi, Idi tdc td t i i san elm cd trd trddng hgp dddc bdn elm c6 ddng ^. v l didm n i y cd thi thdy ndu khdng cd tbda thuin ma bdn n h i n e l m co nhin dage hoa Igi, ldi tdc td tai san cam c6 thi phai khau trd vio nd gdc hay ng Iai cua khoan vay dddc bao dam.
2. XuT ly cam c d
Nguy§n t^c - Tai sin cam cd phai ddCc tra Iai cho bdn elm c6 khi nghTa vy ddge bao dam bang elm ed chdm ddt hoac dage bio dam bang bien phap bao dam khic (khoan 4, Dilu 332, BLDS).
Tradng hgp vi pham nghTa vy ddge bao dam tbl tai san cam cd ddge xd ly theo phdong thdc do cac bdn d i tbda thuin hoac ddoc ban ddu gia theo quy djnh ci!ia phap luat dd thdc hidn nghTa vi^
ddge bao dam va bdn nhin elm cd ddge du tien thanh toan td s^
t i l n bin t i i san elm c6 (Bleu 336, BLDS). Tuy nhidn, quyln au tien thanh toan cua ben nhan cam ed chl daoc thyc hidn sau khi trd chi phf bao quan, ban tai san va cic chi phf can thiet khic cd lien quan d l xd ly tai sin elm cd (Dieu 338, BLDS).
Dilu 337, BLDS d l cap v i k xd ly t i i sin cam ed trong trddng hdp elm c6 nhieu vat d l dam bao thdc hidn mdt nghTa vy*, theo dd, ben nhan elm eddddc ebon t i i sin ey t h i dd xd ly, trijf tradng hgp c6 thoa thuan khic.
D i l u luit n i y cung quy djnh
"ben nh$n dm co chl dU0c x3 ly s^tai sin cin thiet tuang dng vdi gii tn cda nghTa vy dUifc bio dim; n^u xd /)/ qua s6 til sin dn thi^t vi gay ra thi0t fta'_
CONG N6HE NGAN HANG ^ ]
cho bin dm c6 thi phii bdi thddng thi$t h^i cho bdn dm 06". Td quy djnh n i y cd t h i rdt ra hai nhin xdt. Thd nhit, phip luit Vi^t Nam dadng nha cdng nhin vide tdng g i i trj t i i sin bio d i m Idn hdn khoan vay dage bio d i m vio thdi didm xic l i p giao djch bio dam de di^ lidu trade dage tradng hop gia trj nghTa vu dadc bao dam tang l&n, d^c bi^t trong tradng hgp khoin vay dage bao dam cd l i i suit bidn ddi. Thdhai, d l bio vd bdn bio d i m , phap luat elm bdn nhin bio dam khdng ddge hddng Igi m i khdng cd cin cd phip lu|t td giao djch bio dim. Nguyen tac niy cung ddge ndu tai Dilu 338, BLDS, theo dd, "niu tiSn ban {tai sin elm cd) cdn thC/a thi phii tri Iai cho bin dm cd; niu tlSn ban cdn thiiu thi bin dm cd phii tri tiip phin cdn thieu do".
Cudi cdng nhi l i m luit cd quy djnh ridng v l trddng hgp nghTa vy bio d i m l i khoin vay. Thyc viy, cung theo quy djnh tai Dilu 338, BLDS, "trong trifdng hop nghTa vt^ dddc bio dim la khoin vay thi thanh toin cho bin nh$n dm cd theo thd ti/
na g&c, Iai, tiin pb^t, tiin bdi thudng that h^i ni'u co".
XijT ly elm cd' t i i sin trong thu t^c phi sin - Theo quy djnh tai khoin 3, Dilu 27 cda Luit Phi sin sd 21/2004/QH11 ngiy 15 thing 6 nam 2004 v i khoin 2.3, Dilu 1, myc II cOa Nghj quyet sd 03/2005/NQ-HDTP cua HOi ddng thIm phin Tda i n Nhin din tdi cao ngiy 28/04/2005, k l td ngiy Tda i n thy I'y* don ydu clu md thtl tyc phi sin, nguydn tic chung l i tam dinh chl xd l'^ t i i
sin eda doanh nghiep lam vio tinh trang phi san trd khi ddge sd ddng y ciia Tda an. Neu dgc kdt hgp cic Dilu 35, 36 va 37 eiJa Luit Phi sin ed t h i kdt luin rang cac chu nd cd bio dim dddc du tidn thanh toan tren tat ca cac ebO ng khac cd quyln au tidn die bidt (phf phi sin, ng lagng v i ng thud) v i cac chd ng khdng cd bio dim. Tuy viy diem ban chd eda quy djnh hidn hinh nam d chd cic dilu luit nay khdng quy djnh rd rang v l phaang thflc m i cic chi ng cd bao dam trong dd ed bdn nhin elm ed cd the triln khai d l xd ly tat san bio dim khi co quyet dinh tuy^n bd doanh nghiep phi san. Sa thieu rd ring v l quyln cua chu nd dddc xd I'/ cic bidn phip bao dim ed nguy cd se din tdi nhdng cich giii thfch phip luit khic nhau v l sau va do do gay trd ngai cho vide thde thi cic bien phip bio dim. V l didm nay cd thd tham khio kinh nghidm cua phap luit Anh, theo dd chu ng khdng cin phai xin phep thanh ly vidn (liquidator) hay Tda an khi tidn hinh xd ly t i i san bao dim vdi dilu kidn bi^n phip bio dam da ddge xac lip hgp phip v i khdng bj tuyen vd hidu do l i giao djch dang ngd^ Ndi each khic, phip luit nen cdng nhan quyln cua bdn cho vay dddc chd ddng xd ly t i i sin elm cd theo phdong thdc da dage quy djnh trong hgp ddng cam co trong thu tyc thanh ly tai sin cua bdn elm cd, ma khdng ein phii xin phep Tda i n , Td quin ly, thanh i^ t i i san hay mdt don vj khic chju trich nhi^m thanh ly t i i sin doanh nghigp.
Nh$n chfnh tai san bao dam
de thay the cho viec thdc hi^n nghTa vu Ngoai pbdong thdc bin t i i san elm co, cic ben cd thd tbda thuan viec "bin nh$n bio dim nh$n chfnh tii sin bio dim di thay thi cho viec thuc biin nghTa vu cua ben bao dam".
Tbda thuan niy la mot tbda thuan chuyen quyen sd hi3u ed dilu kidn tai sin cam ed- vide ehuydn quyln sd hflu nay phy thudc vio vi0e vi pham hay khdng nghTa vy dage bao dam. Diy l i mdt phaong thde xd ly bao dam khi tidn bg tuy rang dilu dang tide d diy la nhi lam luat ehl dinh phddng thdc niy cho viec xd ly tai sin dung de bao dam nghTa vu eda chfnh bdn bao dim chd khdng phii eda mdt bdn thd ba (khoan 3 Dieu 59 v i khoin 1, Dieu 70, Nghi djnh 163). Hdn nfla, khi chuyen giao quyln sd hflu trong trddng hgp niy, phip luit khdng dat ra ydu clu djnh gii t i i sin bio dam thdng qua td chdc tham dinh gia. Khi t i i sin cam cd cd gii trj Idn, de bio v§
quyln Igi cua minh, bdn elm cd ein dim phan daa vao trong hgp ddng dilu khoan djnh gia niy.
Trddng hdp khdng ed th6a thuan v l vi$c xd ly tai san cam cd- Theo quy djnh tai Dilu 336, BLDS v i khoin 1, Dilu 58, Nghi dinh 163, ndu khdng cd tbda thuin v l phaong thdc xd ly t i i sin bao dam thi t i i san bio dim dage bin diu g i i theo quy djnh phip luit. Tuy vay, "doi vdi tii sin bio dim cd thi xic djnh duoc gia cu thi, ro ring trin thj trUdng thi ngUdi xd ly tii sin dddc bin theo gia thi tn/dng mi khdng phii qua thu tuc bin diu gii, ddng thdi phii thdng bio cho bin bio dim va cic bin
TAP CHi N G A N HANG i -•iNGs;oi4 Q
[ Q CONG NGHE NGAN HANG
cung nhin bao dim khac (ni'u c o r (Dilu 65, Nghj dinhl63).
3. Mot sd giao djch cam cd tai san dac biet
Tdng quan - Do elm ed ehi cd hieu lac khi tai san cam cd dage chuyen giao cho ben nhin cam ed nen chf cd cac tai san CO the chuyen giao dadc ve mat vit chi't (quyln chiem hflu dddc chuyln giao) cho ben nhan cam cd mdi cd the trd thanh ddi taong cua elm c6. Chfnh v) the nen cam cd chu yeu dUde sd dung dd'i vdi tai san la hang hda va mdt sd chdng td mang quyen dac biet \a cac chdng tfl chfla diing quyen sd hdu ddi vdi hang hda, tiln hay chflng khoan dan tdi viec quyen dd'i vdi cac tat san nay dddc trao cho ngadi dang nam gifl chflng tfl va CO thd dfldc chuyen giao thdng qua viec trao chflng td nay, cd the kem theo viec ky hau neu can''. Chflng tfl mang quyen dac biet cd the la van ddn, cdng cij chuyen nhfldng, chflng khoan CO the chuyen nhfldng (cd phan vd danh, chflng quyen co tai san cd sd la cd phan, trai phieu vd danh...). Can phin biet chung vdi mgt so chdng td ddn thuan ghi nhan hoac xac nhan quyln sd hflu khac vd'n khdng phat la cac chflng tfl tfl than chfla dang quyen ddi vdi tai san neu trong dd va tddng trdng cho cac tai san nay (cd phieu, the tiet kiem, gii'y chflng nhan quyen sd dung dat, hdp ddng bao hilm...). Ve diem nay cd the thay nha lam luat edn chfla phan dinh rach rdi gifla hat loai chdng td nay dan tdi hd qua la giao dich bao dam dflgc i p dyng chfla thflc sd phu hop trong mdt sd tradng
^ TAP CHI NGAN HANG | SO ~ THANG 3/3014
hdp nhd se dddc phan tfch dddi day.
Cam cd van drfn - D i l u 19, Nghj djnh 163 de cap trddng hgp elm ed van ddn va quy djnh chl cd van ddn theo Idnh va van dOn vd danh mdi ed the trd thanh ddi tdgng cua hgp dong cam cd'. Ndi each khac, khdng the elm cd' van ddn dich danh vl tren van ddn dich danh da ghi rd ten cua ngddi nhan hang. Hdn nfla, ngin hang can yeu clu ben cam cd cung cap bg van ddn day du d l dam bao quyln cua minh dd'i vdi hang hoa ghi trdn van ddn.
Theo quy djnh tai khoan 2, Dieu 73, Bd luat Hang hai sd' 40/2005/QHll ngay 14 thing 6 nam 2005, v i n ddn la "chdng td van chuyen lam bang chdng ve viec ngUdi vin chuyin da nhan hang hda vdi so' lUdng, chung loai, tinh trang nhU duac ghi trong van dan de van chuyen din nai tra hang; bing chdng ve sd hdu hang hoa dung de dinh doat, nhan hang vi la bang chdng cua bap dong van chuyen hang hoa bang dUdng bien". Nhfl vay v i n ddn chfla dang cam ket cua bdn van chuyen se giao hang cho ngadi nam gifl va xuat trinh chflng tfl van chuyen nay tai diem den cua hang hda ghi trong van don. Ndi each khac, van ddn tfldng trflng cho hang hda ghi tren dd. Chfnh vi the viec ky hiu va trao van ddn dage coi nha la chuyen giao quyln chiem hflu khdng chl ddi vdi chdng tfl van chuyen dd m i ca hang hda ghi tren van ddn. Do vay, vin ddn la mgt loai chdng tfl mang quyen die bidt v i cd
thd e l m cd. Khoan 1, D i l u 19, Nghj djnh 163 quy djnh b§n nhin e l m ed cd quyln ddi vdi hang hda ghi trdn van ddn dd^rc d m ed. Chfnh vl thd, khoin 2, Dieu 67, Nghj djnh 1 63 nlu r6
"bin nhan cam co vin dan cd quyin xuit trinh vin dan theo thu tuc duac phap luit quy djnh di thuc hiin quySn chiim hOu dd'i vdi hang hda ghi trin vSn dan do". Thu tuc xuat trinh van ddn d d i y la thu tyc ddge quy djnh trong phap luat hang hai.
Viec xfl ly bang hda ghi tren v3n ddn dage thdc hidn theo quy dmh v l xd ly tai san bao dtim la ddng san trong trddng hop khdng cd thoa thuan ve phaong thflc xfl ly ndu tai Dilu 6 ciia nghj djnh nay theo dd "tii san bao dam dUpc ban dau gia theo quy dmh cua phap luat. Riing doi vdi tai sin bao dim co thS xac dinh duac gia cu thi, ro rang trin thi trUdng thi ngddi xH ly tai san dUac ban theo gia thi tri/dng ma khong phai qua (M tuc ban diu gia, dong thdi phii thdng bao cho bin bao dim vi cac bin cung nhin bio din^
khac (ni'u co)".
Cam co' the tiet kiem - Cim cd the tidt kidm dfldc Dilu chfnh bdi khoan 2, Dilu 19, Nghj djnh 163 va Dieu 21, Quy chd v l tien gdi tiet ki|m ban hanh kem theo Quydt djnh sd 1 1 60/2004/QD-NHNN ng^y 1 3 thing 9 nam 2004 cua Thdng ddc Ngin hang Nha ndde didjc bd sung sda ddi nam 2006 vi 2011. Theo khoan 7, Dilu 6 cua Quy che ve t i l n gdi lift kiem "thi tii't kiim la chdng cti xac nh$n quyin sd hdu cua ch&
sd hOu tiin gdi tiit kiim ho$c
- CONG NGHE NGAN HANG Q ]
dSng chu sd hdu tien gdi tiit kiim vS khoin tiin da gdi tai t6 chdc nh$n tiin gdi tiit ki$m".
Nhdviy, th^ tidt kidm ehi l i giay td xic nhin quyen sd hflu sdtiln gdi tidt kidm chd vide chidm hdu tb^ tidt kidm khdng trao cho bdn chidm bdu cac quyln cua chiJ tai khoin tiln gdi tiet kiem. Thdc chdt t i i sin bao dam d day la si du tii khoin tiin gdi tiit kiim, chd khdng phai la the tidt kidm.
Do s d d d t i i khoan t i l n gdi tidt kidm i i tai sin vd hlnh ndn khdng thd ehuydn giao v l mat v i t chat cho n§n thd chip sddfl t i i khoin tien gdi tidt kidm mdi l i giao djch bio dim phu hop.
d m ed giSy td cd g i i - Dieu 19, Nghj djnh 163 dddng nhfl mic djnh rang elm ed l i giao djch bio dim i p dyng cho mgi loai gidy td cd gia''. Cich tidp cin eCia n h i l i p phip d d i y ehda thyc sfl hgp ly bdi le khdng phii bit ed gily td ed g i i nio cung ed t b l chuyln giao quyln chiem hflu cho bdn nhin elm c6. Trfldc het, cd thd giao v l mit v i t chit cdng cy ehuydn nhfldng cho ngin hing v i do quyln sd hdu cdng ey ehuydn nhflgng nam trong chfnh gidy chdng nhin cdng cy chuyln nhdgng ndn chdng ed t b l ddge elm cd. Cdng cu chuyln nhflgng g6m hdi phieu ddi ng, hdi phidu nhin ng, sdc, cdng cy ehuydn nhagng khic, trd efing cy ng d i i han dage td chdc phit hinh nhim huy ddng vdn trdn thj trddng (Dilu 1, Luit sd 49/2005/QH11 v l cic cdng ey chuyln nhdgng ngiy 29 thing 11 nam 2005). Th6m vio dd, giiy chdng nhin chdng khoin vddanh (bearer securities
certificate)*" ed t b l elm ed bdi
\^ do duy nhdt la quyln sd hdu dddc chuyen giao thdng qua vide trao tay giiy chdng nhin niy. Ddi vdi chdng khoin ndi chung, duy ch? cd chdng khoan ghi sd mdi ed thd dddc dung lam tai san elm ed (Dilu 3 1 , Quydt djnh sd 38/QD-VSD cua Tdng Giim ddc Trung t i m Ldu k'^ Chdng khoan Viet Nam ngay 25 thing 4 nam 2012 dddc bd sung, sda ddi nam 2013). Ve ban chdt, chdng khoan ghi sd la t i i sin vd hlnh va khdng the thyc hi6n vi^e chuyln giao ve mat v i t chit cho chd ng ed bao dam. Do viy, thd ch^p la giao djch bao dam phu hdp nhit ddi vdi chflng khoan ghi sd bdi vi thd chap khdng ddi hdi phai chuyln giao t i i san bao dam cho chu no cd bao dam (khoin 1, Dieu 342, BLDS).
Cam cd cd phieu - Khoan 9, Dilu 3 va khoan 3, Dilu 19, Nghj djnh 163 cho phdp cam cd cd phidu. Tuy nhidn, theo quy djnh tai khoan 1, Dieu 85, Luat Doanh nghiep, "co phiiu li chdng chl do cong ty cd phan phit hinh hoac but toan ghi si xac nhin quyin sd hdu mot hoac mdt si ci phin cua cdng ty dd". C6 phidu khdng tfl t h i n chfla cac q u y l n hanh ddng ddi vdi cdng ty bdi vi cac q u y l n p h i t sinh tfl phan vdn gdp n h f l q u y l n bieu quyet, q u y l n n h i n cd tdc va quyen dflgc hddng khdi t i i s i n edn Iai cua cdng ty khi tidn hanh thu tyc thanh ly cung nhfl mgi q u y l n p h i t sinh tfl hgp ddng k h i c ddi vdi cdng ty phy thugc v i o vide d i n g ky v i o sd cd ddng cda cdng t y ^ Xet v l ban c h i ' t , ed p h i n m d i l i d d i tflgng thflc
cua giao d j c h bao d a m , c h d k h d n g p h a i ed p h i d u . C d p h i n t r o n g c d n g t y c d p h a n l i q u y l n t a i s i n (tai san v d h l n h ) v i d o d d , khdng t h e giao ddge v l m a t vat chat c h o c h u nd ed bao d a m . H d n nfla, c h d n g t h d h i d n q u y l n c h d ng cua ngddi n a m g i f l (chu sd hflu) c d p h i n hay p h i n v d n gdp d d i v d i c d n g ty.
Do d d , t h e chap la b i e n p h a p bao d a m p h u hdp nhat d d i vdi phan vdn gdp va cd p h a n , b d i VI t h e chap khdng dat ra yeu c l u c h u y l n giao t a i san t h d c h i p cho bdn nhan t h e chap va p h a p l u i t Vidt N a m cdng nhan t h d chap la b i d n p h i p b i o d i m duy nhi't ddi vdi quyen ddi n d . l
'Cdi the tham kh^o kinh nghigm ciia Anh (Companies Act 2006, s 859A(7))
% m th6m Gulliter (L) (ed), Goode on Legal Problems ot Credit and Security, Sweet & Maxwell, 4th edn, 2008, paras 1-44 to 1 48
'Bgn cSm ca c6 the thijc thi quySn truy ddi hay quyen (161 bSi thuOng thi^ hai cua minh ttieo quy djnh t^iOieu 18, Nghl tlinh 163.
*Oteu 334, BLDS: "trong tnlOng hdp elm c6 nhieu ttii san de bao dSm thiJc hi|n mifl nghia vg d^n sU thi m6i tSi s^n dadc x^c i^nh bSo d^m thiJc hign toSn bQ nghia vu. CSc b€n cGng ct t h i thoti thu|ln mSi tdi sSn bSo 3im thi/c hi^n m^t phin nghia vu"
'Richard Calnan, Taking security - Law and Practice, Jordans, 2nd edn, 2011, para 9.19
"Gullrfer (1.) {ed), Goode on Legal Problems of Credit and Security, sSch da dSn, para.1-44.
H'heo ktio^n 9, Dieu 3 ciia Nghi djnh niy. "glSy td c6 gi^ bao g6m cd phigu, trSi phigu, h6l phidu.
ky phlSu, b'n phieu, chilng chl hen qiii. sSc, chUng chi quy, giay td co gt^ kh&c theo quy djnh ci^a phip luat, tn g i i 6\li}c th^nh tign vS dUdc ph^p giao dich".
%6l vdi chilng ktiocin vC danh, quy£n sd hOu khOng dddc ghi nhjn trong s6 ding k^ cua l6 cUilc phit tiinh md dU(?c trao cho chu M nim gid gijy chiJnQ nh$n hign tai v i dddc chuyen gtao (hdng qua vi^c trao tay.
•Gullrfer (L) (ed), Goode on Legal Problems of Credit and Securfty sich 03 d j n , 200B. para 1 -47
TAP CHl NGAN HANG S(5 5 ] I H A N G 3/20)4 ^
