ISSN: 2354-0575
H I E N T R A N G 0 N H I E M DAU T H A I 6 H U Y E N K H O A I C H A U , T I N H H U N G Y ^ N ACTUAL SITUATION O F WASTE O I L P O L L U T I O N EV K H O A I C H A U DISTRICT, HUNG Y E N P R O V I N C E
Phan Thi Uyln Nhung, L l T h a n h Huy, N g u y i n Vigt Diing Truang Dgt hpc Suphgm Ky thudt Hung Yen Tom tat: , -, - • u<u--
Ddu thdi Id mdt ngudn chdt thdt nguy hgi cd nhirng tdc ddng to l&n den mdt truang va he sinn mat.
Tuy nhiin chiing chua duoc qudn ly mgt cdch chdt che, diiu ndy da ddn din nguy ea ro ri, phdt tdn cdc ngudn ddu thdi vdo mdi tnr&ng, gdy o nhiim mdi tru&ng vd phd huy he sinh thai. Trong bdi bdo nay chung tdi dd ttin hdnh diiu tra, khdo sdt hten trgng phdt sinh vd qudn ly cdc ngudn dau thai phat sinh trong hoat dong giao thdng. tir cdc co so kinh doanh, dich vu sua chUa. rua xe. trgm xdng ddu vd gara o to, ddng that tiin hdnh ddnh gid Men trang qudn ly ddu thdi tren dia bdn huyin Khodi Chdu.
Tit khda: Dau thdi, Khodi Chau.
1 Dat van de
Tu tmdc d i n nay, khi noi din tinh ttang 6 nhlim mfli tmdng do boat dflng giao thflng, chung ta thudng tap trung d i cap den cac loai khi thai nhu COj, CO, SOj, NO^, bui, kim loai nang,.,. nhung chua d i cap d i n mflt nguon chat thai da dupc lilt vao cac ngufln chat thai nguy hai do la dau nhflt thai - mgt loai chit thai co nhiing tac dgng manh me va lau dai din moi truflng ddt, nudc, khflng khi va he sinh thdi.
Trong khi dfl, mflt thyc te tfln tai hiln oay ttong cong tac quan ly mfli trudng la chi cfl ngufln dau nhdt thai ra tu hpat dgng hen quan din cflng nghiep mdi dugc quan ly chat che con vile xa thai, thu gom, lira trii va xu ly nhot thai ra tit boat dong giao thflng van tai va dan dyng thi dang dugc tha nfli, chua co biln pbap kilm soat, qudn ly chat che cua cac co quan cfl chuc nang, Ngufln thai khflng dugc chii y nay nam lan ttong rac sinh hoat hang ngay se gflp phan lam fl nhilm mfli trudng sflng neu nhu chiing khflng dugc kiem soat va quan ly chat che.
Xuat phat tu nhiing yeu cau tten, myc tieu cua nghien cdu la:
- Khao sat, danh gia hien trang phat sinh dau thai nguy hai
- De xuat nhirng giai phap quan ly hiiu hieu cho cac ngufln chat thai nguy hai neu tten.
2. Ngi dung
Dau nhflt la mflt loai hydrocacbon da vong, thanh phan ddu nhdt gflm cfl ddu gflc va cac phu gia (calxium sulphonate). Day la ngufln nguyin lieu chinh diing de boi tton tdt ca cac dpng ca xe may, fltfl va cac loai xe ca gidi khac. Dau nhdt thai la dau sau khi su dung xong duac thai bo, la chat nhon cfl mau den, quanh lai, khflng hoa tan trong nudc, ben
viing va cfl chua cac chdt hoa hgc dgc hai va cac kira loai nang, nfl phan buy rdt cham v a cd d khdp mgi noi [1].
Phuang thiic d i u thai xam nhap vao ca thi s i n g bao gflm: tiip xiic qua da, dn udng, ho hap, va ticb luy ttong c a t h i lam tich ty sinh hgc gay nen benh ung thu, va cac benh man tinh khac dnh huflng din sdc khoe cua con ngudi Do cfl dac tinh ciia diu nhflt thai co kha nang chay, nen nguon hang nay vfl cimg quy gia cho nhiing ca sd su dung no lam nhiln heu. Va chinh viec sii dung dau nhflt thai lam nhiln lilu da tao ra nhiiu khi CO^, CO, tham chi cfl ca Furan, Dioxin, va khdi den gay o n h i l m mfli tmdng khflng khi, va co miii hfli, xflc, hang hat rat kho chiu neu ngui phai [2].
2.1. Hien t r a n g p h a t sinh, o n h i e m d a u thai it H u y i n Khodi C h d u , tinh H u n g Y i n
'Luong dau thdi phdt sinh
D l dieu tra sfl lugng cac c a sd phat sinh dau thdi ttIn dia ban huyen Khoai Chau chiing toi da tiln hanh di khao sat thuc t i tai 24 xa v a 1 thi ttan Qua trinh d i l u tta se tien banh khao sat thyc te cac van d l raoi truflng tai cac co sd nay, k i t hgp vdi phflng vdn tmc tilp bang phieu dieu tra d l xac dinh dugc hiln ttang phat sinh va quan ly dau thdi.
K i t qua cho thay tten dia ban huyen Khoai Chau cfl 3 loai hmh kinli doanh - dich vy cd phat sinh d i u thai nguy hai, Sfl lugng va ti l l cua cac ca sd nay dugc trinh bay ttong bang 1 va hinh 1.
Bang 1. Cdc logi hinh kinh doanh dich vu phdt sinh ddu thdi trin dia bdn huyin Khodi Chdu STT C a c loai hinh kinh
doanh
So Cff sd kinh
^ a n h
78 Khoa hoc & Cong nghe - S6 3/2014 J o u r n a l of Science a n d Technology
ISSN: 2354-0575
3 1 Cua hang xdng ddu
Ting
45 314
•Si>axe •Garaoto " C H X ^ n g d a j Hinh 1. Biiu do ty li cdc loai hinh kinh doanh dich
vuphdt sinh Ddu thdi nguy hgi Dfli vdi tdng xa, sfl lugng cac co sd kmh doanh - dich vy cua cac don vi dugc biiu thi tten hinh 2
Ten xa, thi t r a n H6ng Tien TT lOioai Cliau BiohMinii
LlTOTlg d^u tliai b't/nam
2334 2891 1619
T y l e %
5.74 7.11 3.98
Dong Tao A n V i Dong K6t Ddn Tien Viet Hoa Phung Hung Thuan Hung Dai Hung Lien Khe Thanh Cong Da Trach Ong Dinh Tan Chau Binh Kieu Nhue Duong Ham Tli Tan Dan Tli Dan Chi Tan Dong Ninh Dai Tap Dong Tien Tong
1534 2026 2446 3684 1824 1694 1281 1232 1436 1080 916 606 1676 1405 1041 798 1536 1774 920 1350 1646 1918 40667
3.77 4.98 6.01 9 06 4.49 4.17 3.15 3.03 3.53 2.66 2.25 1.49 4.12 3.45 2.56 196 3.78 4.36 2 26 3 32 4.05 4.72 100
Hinh 2, Bieu do sd lugng cae ca sa kinh doanh, dich vu trin dia bdn huyen Khodi Chdu Lugng dau thai phat sinh tten dia ban huyen Khoai Chau dugc thong ke tu cac sfl lieu thap dugc qua cac philu dilu tta thyc te. Lupng dau thai phat smh ttIn dia ban huyen Khoai Chau dupc bieu thi d bang 2 va hinh 3.
2% i'M%i%i% i% 4%
iHSngTtin •TT Khoai Chau i Binh Mmh i06ng Tao lAnyT
•Dong Kit • Dan Tien iVielHoa iPhjngHirng iThuiinHirng
•BaiHung • LienKh§ iThanhCong • DaTrach •OngDinh Hinh 3. Bteu do luong ddu thdi phdt sinh d cdc xd
tren dia hdn huyin Khodi Chdu Qua kit qua khao sat d trin ta co the thay rdng, cac loai hinh kinh doanh dich vy cfl phat smh dau thai nguy hai tten dia ban huyen Khoai Chdu chu yeu id cac cua hang sua, nia xe may va dugc phan bfl d hdu h i t tdt ca cac xa, thi ttan Mac khac, sfl cua hang kinh doanh ciiiig nhu lugng dau thai phat sinh tten dia ban huyen dugc phan bfl kha dflng d i u d cac xa, va tap ttung nhilu nhat d xa Dan Tien va Thi ttan Khoai Chau.
• Hien trgng qudn ly
Trin dia ban huyen Khoai Chau, cac co sd
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phat sinh dau thai khflng tap trung ma nam rai rac khap cac xa ttong huyen, gay khfl khan cho cong tac quan ly, thu gom ddu thai. Vi vay vile that thoat ddu thai la khflng thi ttdnh khoi Qua qua ttinh dilu tta, khdo sat thyc t l ttln dia bdn huyen vdi 3 loai hinh kinh doanh dich vu cfl phdt sinh ddu thar Rua - sua xe, gara 6 tfl, cua hang xang dau, chiing tfli thu dugc mgt sfl kit qua tu hien ttang quan ly ddu thdi trin dia ban huyen Khoai Chau nhu sau:
- Hi^n trang qudn ly hdnh ehinh + Tat ca cac co sd kinh doanh dlu khong cfl cam kit bao ve mfli trudng. Do do khong quy dugc trach nhilm cho cac chu ca sd kinh doanh, khong xu phat duoc cac ca sd do khi xdy ra sy cfl v l mfli truflng.
+ Cac ca quan cfl ttach nhiem chua giam sat, quan ly dugc cac co sd phat sinh dau thai ttln khdp dia ban, ban niia tten dia ban huyen chua xay ra sy cfl nao do dau thai gdy ra. Thdi do chu quan cua cac nha kinh doanh, nhan vien, ngudi dan xung quanh va cua ngudi quan ly, chua cd bat ky cugc kilm tta nao cua cac co quan chuc nang.
- Hi?n trgng luu trU ddu thdi nguy hgi tgi cdc CO s& kinh doanh trin dia bdn
Hmh 4 Dia diem \a thiet bi hru chira ddu thdi tgi Dan Tien Khoai Chau + Thiet hi luu trii dau thai la can nhya, thiing phi cfl thi tich hi 10 ht, 20 lit, 50 lit, 100 lit...
Cac thung chua ddu thai dugc d i ngoai ttdi khdng CO mai che d mflt vai co sd thiing chiia khong co ldp day, xung quanh khong co gd chflng tran Nhu vay, viec luu trii dau thai khong an toan, khflng dung ky thuat theo Quyit dinh 155/1999/QD-TTg v i quan ly chat thai nguy hai.
+ Do khflng gian kinh doanh rdt ban hep nin ngudi lao dflng lam viec tai cac co sd kinh doanh thuflng xuyen tilp xiic vdi ddu thai. Vile luu trii khflng an toan, khflng dung ky thudt se co nguy CO anh hudng den sue khoe cho ngudi lao dgng.
+ Thdi gian luu trir dau thai tai cac ca sd kinh doanh id khdng cfl dinh, tiiy thugc vao lugng
ddu thai nhiiu hay it ma ngudi tbu gom ddu thai tien banh thu gom n i n cd kha ndng lam tang nguy CO xay ra sy cfl, tang thdi gian tiep xuc voi dau thai.
- Thu gom, vgn chuyin ddu thdi nguy hgi + Viec thu mua ddu thdi tai cac ca sd chii yiu do nhung ngudi thu mua nhd 11 bdng xe may, khflng theo lich cfl djnh.
+ Van chuyin: ddu thai dugc thu gom tai cho, chua ttong cdc thung nhya. Tren dia ban xa Hflng Tiln huyen Khoai Chdu mgt sfl hfl gia dinh cfln va luu trii mot lugng Idn ddu thai ngay ttong khu dan cu dflng due.
Hinh 5. Luu trir ddu thdi tgi Hong Tien. Khodi Chdu - Hiin trang mdi tru&ng tgi cdc ca sa kinh doanh, dich vii phdt sinh ddu thdi
+ T^i mgt sfl c o sd, moi trudng dat bj 6 nhiem do dau thdi bi rai vai tren mat ddt (Hmh 6).
Dau thai bi chay ttan ra n i n nha dugc dung gie lau khfl, mflt sfl ncri cfln d l cho khfl ty nhiln. Vfl chai, gie lau dau nhflt, vfl xe hflng... khong dugc pban loai ma viit ldn Ipn cimg voi rac thai sinh bosit.
Trang thai ton tai cua dau thai la d dang Iflng, con d d£ing ran la cac gie lau ddu nhflt, can thiing chiia nhflt thai. Cac gie lau dau nhflt nay chinh la ngufln chat thai nguy hai tai cac dilm sua, rua xe ma hg dfl tryc tiip chung vdi rac sinh boat.
Hinh 6. Ddu thdi gdy d nhiim mdt tnr&no mdt cita hdng kmh doanh xdng ddu
+ Tai cac c a sd nay da sfl khflnj ddt tai
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thflng xu ly nudc thai, nudc dugc thoat chung vdi nudc sinh hoat (Hinh 7). Thanh phdn cua nudc nia xe gflm cd xa phong, xang ddu mo, dat cat,...
lam tang tinh nguy hai ciia ngufln thai vdi chdt thai thong thuflng. Lam fl nhiem nguon nudc nglm, 6 nhilm dat, fl nhilm nudc chay ttan (khi cfl mua), lam gia tang fl nhiem, dgc hon v l thanh phdn cac nguon thai.
•^
Hinh 7. Nuac chira ddu tir mpt gara d td trin dia bdn xd Ddn Tien thdi ra he thdng thuy ndng 2.2. Cac giai p h a p q u a n ly hmi hieu d4u thai
a. Biin phdp gidm thiiu vd xu ly 6 nhiim nu&c
- Tach rieng be thflng thodt nudc mat (gom ca nudc mua, nudc rda fl tfl, xe may) vd nudc thai nhilm dau;
- Xay dyng cac b l lang gan dau: Be ldng gan dau dugc dp dung d l tdch, thu hfli ddu nfli ttln be mat va lang can xuflng dufli day.
b. Bi^n phdp gidm thieu 6 nhiim moi tnr&ng dat
- Han cbl, ngan chan hien tugng roi vai, chdy ddu tham xuflng dat lam fl nhilm dat;
- Cac loai chat thai ran gflm chat thai ran sinh boat, p h i heu sau khi bao dudng, sua chua may moc thilt bi, gie lau dinh ddu md, bao bi cac loai, phdi dugc thu gom hang ngay xii ly va thai bfl dung qui djnh;
- Can thai tu viec siic rua bfln chua phai dugc luu trir va xu ly hgp Iy.
e. Bien phdp quan ly
- Quan ly qua Phdng Tai Nguyen va Moi Trudng
Phdng Tai Nguyen va Mfli Truflng huyen co ttach n h i l m ttong vile qudn ly nguon dau thai tten dia ban. Chu c a sd thu gom, van chuyin, Itm giii phdi xin cdp phep boat dgng va bao cao dinh ky theo Quyit dinh 155/1999/QD-TTg v l qudn ly chdt thai nguy hai.
- Quy dinh voi ngudi tieu dung, nhan vien, chii ca sd kinh doanh phat smh ddu thai.
+ Di thay nhdt xe ciia minh diing dinh ky va nin thay tai cac ca sd bao dudng, bao tti xe may hay cac d i l m sua chiia xe may
+ Khi dau thai bi chay ttan hay ro ri, thdm ra ngoai, lay cat rai len ttln hay xung quanh khu vyc nhilm ddu, sau do cho ddu kho rfli thyc hien cong doan thu dpn dau bi chdy ttan
+ Phai xay dyng gd chflng trdn tai noi luu trii dau thai de de phflng tinh ttang ddu thai ttdn va ro ri ra mfli trudng, bao dam ttdnh xa cdc thiit bi chay nd, nguy co chap mach diln.
3. Ket luan
Qua qua trinh dieu tta, khao sat hi|n ttang quan Iy dau thai tten dia ban huyen Khoai Chdu chiing tfli da nit ra mgt sfl kit luan nhu sau:
1. Lugng dau thai phat sinh tren dia ban huyen Khoai Chau la 40667 lit/nam va phan bfl d hau hit cac xa, thi ttan. Sfl ca sd kinh doanh - dich vy CO phat smh dau thdi nguy hai tap trung chu yiu d xa Dan Tien va Thi ttdn Khoai Chdu (19 co sd), dflng thoi lugng diiu thai phdt sinh nhiiu nhdt la d xa Dan Tiin (3684 lit/nam).
2. Cac CO sd kinh doanh, dich vy khflng thuc hiln diing theo cac quy dinh ve viec quan ly dau thai theo Quyit dinh i55/1999/QD-TTg v i quan ly chdt thai nguy hai [3].
3. Cflng tac quan ly nguon 6 nhilm do ddu thai ttln dia ban huyen Khodi Chau cfln Iflng leo vd gan nhu thd noi.
4. Cac van d l mfli truong tai cac ca sd kinh doanh, dich vu phat sinh ddu thai ttln dja ban huy|n Khodi chau:
- Nudc thdi chua dau tu co sd phat sinh ddu thai, va khu vyc luu giii dau thu gom dugc thai vao he thflng nudc mat;
- Gie lau dau dugc thai bo ciing vdi rac thai sinh boat va luong dau bi roi vai tten mat dat gdy ra nguy CO fl nhilm mfli truflng d a t .
5. Giai phap qudn ly hihi hilu nhdm giam thiiu nguy co 6 nhiem dau la'
- Tang cuong cflng tac quan ly dfli vdi cdc boat dpng thu gom, luu trii, van chuyin, tai che dau thai ddc biet la quan ly qua Phong Tai Nguyin va Mfli Truong;
- Tach riing he thong thoat nudc mat va nudc thai nhilm dau;
- Dfli vol CO sd phat sinh nudc thai chua dau phai xdy dyng b l lang gan dau.
Khoa hgc & Cong nghg - s6 3/2014 Journal of Science and Technology 81
I S S N : 2 3 5 4 - 0 5 7 5 Tai lieu tham khdo
[1]. Trdn Hiiu Nhue, lfng Qufle Dung, Nguyin Thi Kim Thai, "Qudn ly chdt thdi rdn ' tgp 1- Chat Thdi Rdn Bd Thi, NXB Xay dyng. Ha Nfli 2001.
[2] Lam Minh Triet, Le Thanh Hai, "Gido trinh qudn ly chdt thai nguy hgi". NXB Xay dung, Hd Nfli 2006.
[3]. Quy chi quan ly chdt thai nguy hai (Quy c h i 155) do Thii Tudng Chinh Phd ban hanh kem theo quyit dinh 155/1999/QD-TTg ngay 16/7/1999.
Abstract:
Waste oil is a source of hazardous waste has a huge impact to the environment and ecosystems.
However, we have not managed closely, this has led to the risk of leakage, spread of oil released into the environment, polluting the environment and destroying ecosystems. In this paper, we conduct an investigation, survey the current state of the generation and management of waste oil generated in transport activities, from business establishments, repair services, car wash, gas station oil and garage, and assess the current state of waste management tn the oil Khoai Chau district.
Keywords: Waste oil, Khoai Chau.
Ngudi phdn biln: PGS.TS. Nguyen Hihi Tiing
Khoa hoc & Cong nghe - S6 3/2014 Journal of Science and Techn
lOlogy
