KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
PHAIXI B O C U A CAC LOAI THIJC V A T IMGDAI LAI X A M HAI TAI K H U B A D TOIXI THIEIV IXIHIEIXI B A MA
- IXIUI C H U A , O A IXlAlXIG
Pham Thi Kim Thoa*, Nguyfin Tin Thu Hdng^, VQ TTij Bich H^u^
T6MTAT
Ket qua dieu tra. khao sdt, ghi nhan su xuat hien ciia 13 loai thuc vat ngoai lai xam hai (NLXH) tai 14 tuydn di^u Ua trong khu vuc Khu Bao tdn Thien nhien (BTTN) Ba Na - Niii Chiia bao gom: Beo Tay (Eichhomia crassipes), Uiac Vang (Callisia iragrani^, Mai duong (Mimosa pigra). Trinh nii moc (Mimosa diplotncha), Trinh nu b6 (Mimosa pudia L) Co Lao (Chromolaena odorata), Ngu Sdc (Lantana camara), Bim bim hoa trdng (Iponiea eberhardtii), Bim bim hoa vang (Merreniia boisiana), Keo dau {Leucaena leucocephala). Ciit Ipn {Ageratum conyzoides), Don budt (Bidens pilosa L.). Qua 9 sinh canh cho thay sinh canh ven duimg va rimg trdng c6 sir xuat hien sd lupng ciia thuc vat NLJCH nhieu nhat. Cac loai thuc vat NLXH xual hi^n o hdu het cdc dai dp cao tdi 1.030 m: dai cao < 100 m xuat hien toan bo cac loai thuc vat ngoai lai xam hai, tir 100 m - 300 m so lupng loai thuc v^i ngoai lai xam hai tuong ddi nhieu (10 loai), so lupng loai giam dan Iheo cac dai cao tir 300 m tea iSn. Beo Tay (Eichhomia crassipes). Lupc Vang (Callisia h-agrans), Mai duong (Mimosa pigra) chi xuat hi§n a dai < 100 ra. Eim bim hoa vang (Merremia boisiana) xual hi^n b tat ca cac dai cao, dang co xu huong phat tnen manh me tai khu bao ldn, Bim bim hoa trdng {iniponiea eberliardHi) xuat hien rai rac trong viing lOi va phat tnen manh me o khu vuc viing dem xa H6a Bdc, Nam Hai Van do vay cdn mi tien cac giai phap phong trir hieu qua trong tuong iai.
T i kh6a; Dai cao. Kliu Bao tdn Thidn nhien Ba Na - Nui Chiia. phan bd. sinh canh. thuc vat ngoai lai xam hill.
1. DAT VAN BE
Khu Bao tdn Thien nhien (BTFN) Ba Na - Niii Chiia nam cdch trung tdm thdnh phd Da Ndng 30 km vd phia Tay, Id noi giao luu giira hai khu he sinh vat phia Bdc vd phia Nam nen cd gia tn da dang sinh hpc cao [4]. Theo kel qua nghien cim cua Nguydn Nghia Thin, Nguyen Thi Dao (2003) |6] dd ghi nhdn dupe d Khu BTTN Bd Nd - Niu Chua ed 793 lodi thue vdt, thupc 487 chi va 134 hp cua 4 ngdnh.
Hien nay, cdc lodi thue vai ngoai lai xdm hai (NLXH) dang phdt tridn manh b Dd Ndng. de doa ddn su tdn tai vd phdt trien cua nhieu loai ban dia.
Cho den nay, da cd mpt vdi nghien cim ve thuc vat ngpai lai d Da Nang, chu yeu d Khu BTTN Son Trd, chi ra rdng loai Bim bim hoa trdng (Ipomea eberhardtii) co nguy co xam hai nghiem trpng, vol tan sudt xudt hien 79,07% lai khu vuc nghien eiiu [3].
Tai Khu BTTN Ba Nd - Niii Chua. nhidu loai thue vai
' Khoa Moi truong. Tmcmg Dai hgc Bach Khoa.
Dd Nang
" Khoa Ldm hpc. Tmong Dai hoc Lam nghiep So Khoa hpc \a Cong ngh? ihanh pho Da N;mg
ngoai lai da che phu mpl khu vuc rpng ldn he smh thai rimg tu nhien tai Khu bao tdn. Thuc vat ngoai lai xam hai trong khu bao tdn hien nay chu ydu la lodi ddy Bim bim hoa vdng {Merremia hoisiand), cdy Mai duong {Mimosapigra). Vi vdy, viec nghien cim danh gia hien trang phan bd cua eac loai thue vat ngoai lai xam hai Id mot hoat dpng het siic can thiet nhdm tao eo sd khoa hpc dd xuat edc gidi phap ban che su hinh thdnh, sinh tnidng vd phdt men cua eac lodi ndy vd ke hoaeh phdt trien sir dung bdn viing tdi nguyen da dang sinh hpc eiia thdnh phd Da Ndng.
2. PHume PHAP niGHBu cuu
Ddi tirong nghien cuu la cdc lodi thuc vdt ngoai Iai xam hai tai Khu BTTN Ba Nd - Niii Chiia theo ueu chi danh gia: Danh muc 100 lodi ngoai lai xdm hai ciia IUCN/2003[10l, Danh muc cac loai xdm Ian tai khu vuc Dong Nam A [8], Danh muc cdc loai ngoai lai theo Thong tu sd 35/2018/TT- BTNMT [1].
- Didu tra tren cdc tuydn khdo sat dien hinh: Dua vao ban dd Khu BTTN Bd Na - Nui Chiia vd Google Earth hen hanh Idp 14 luyen dieu tra thuc dia khu vuc cd sir phdn bd ciia cac loai ngoai lai xam hai theo timg smh cdnh tren edc dai dp cao dai dien, bao gdm:
?« yi i n u AT TDICW MONG THON " KY 1 - THANG 9/2019 75
luydn rimg trong, viron nhd, ven dudng, ddt trdng. lap dia khac nhau ciia khu vuc. Su dung may dmh vi ven sudi, rimg tu nhien. Cac tuydn didu tra phai dai GPS de danh ddu tpa dp tren mdi hiyen didu tra. Vi dien cho cac kidu Uang thdi/kidu tham vd cdc dang tn cac tuyen dupe the hien a bang 1.
Tuyen 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Chieu dai (km) 5.529 r>..i7,s 18.855 5.433 9,19 6,603 5.106 8,273 4,421 1.435 1.509 2.305 2.711 3.019
Tieu khu 38,40.48 41S 14.21.23.24.19.27 52.53,54,55.56.57
8.9,15.18 15 11 54.57,58
48 45B 51 51,52
51 55
Ten thuong gpi Nghia trang Hoa Ninlt - Da Hang BeoDaiNa-BaNa
UBND xa Hoa Bdc - Tram Cau Sap - Tranl Song Bic" Ta Lang - Deo Mui Trau - Vinafo Tiiy Loan - Sudi Hoa Hoa Phii Tmong Dinh - M6 Bang
Cu Bi - Cau Tiiuong - Nani 0 - Hoa BSc Suoi Luong - Deo Hai Van
UBND xa H6a Phii - Sudi Hoa • Ddc Kien UBND xa Hda Ninh - Hd Meo An Son - Tmng Nghia An Son - Ciiu An Lpi
Ckn An Loi - Km 6 (Tram Kiem lam cu) Km 10 - Kliach san Hoang Lan - Dap Tran Nghia trang Hoa Phu - Trai Heo - Dap nude Di^u tra theo d tieu chuan (OTC). Tren cac
tuydn dieu tra chon vi tri dai dien de lap cac OTC co dipn tich 4 m- (tir 2 - 5 o/hiyen) (sd luong OTC phu thupc vao cac loai thuc vat ngoai lai xam hai xuat hien tren 0), dam bao yeu cau cac OTC phai dai dien cho cac sinh canh, cac dai dd cao co su xuat hien cua cac loai thuc vat ngoai lai. Sir dung GPS de xac dinh tpa dp dia ty ciia 6 tieu chuan va chup anh cac loai ciiy. Tien hanh didu Ira thanh p h ^ loai cay co mat trong OTC
. Xiiy dung ban dd tuyen tthao sat, vi tri 6 tieu chuan (OTC) xac dinh phan bd cac loai ngoai Iai xam hai tlieo sd lieu dieu tra thuc dia va vi tri tpa do dieu tra dupe xac dinh bing GPS. Sau dd su dung phan mem Mapsource va ArcGIS 10.3 de th^ hien cac diem phan bd tren mpt ban dd.
3. KET QIM NGHH CUU VA DUO lUAN
3.1. ThcUih phdn d i e l o i i thirc v^t n g o ^ lai x a m h s i d u p e g h i n h ^ n t?i Khu B T T N B4 N4 - Niii Chiia
T r o n g q u a t r i n h dieu t r a t h u c dia da x a c d i n h d u o v ct) 13 loai t h u c vat n g o a i lai x a m hai t r e n 14 t u y e n t h u d c h e s i n h t h a i r i m g Ba Na - Nui C h i i a .
t r o n g dd cd 10 loai n a m t r o n g d a n h m u c 100 lo4i ngoai lai x a m hai ciia I U C N / 2 0 0 3 , 8 loai n a m t r o n g d a n h m u c cac loai x a m lan tai k h u virc D p n g N a m A. 9 Ipai n a m t r o n g d a n h m u c c a c loai n g o a i lai t h e o T h o n g t u sd 3 5 / 2 0 1 8 / T T - B T N M T . D a n h m u c cac loai thtrc vat ngoai lai x a m h a i tai h e s i n h thai Khu BTTN Ba Na - Niii C h u a d u p e t r i n h b a y c u thd t r o n g b a n g 2.
T r o n g 13 Ipai t h u c vat ngpai lai x a m hai, t h e o T h o n g tu sd 3 5 / 2 0 1 8 / T r - B T N M T cd 5 loai t h u d c d a n h m u c cac Inai ngpai lai x a m hai can d u o c q u a n ly g d m Beo Tay (Eichhomia crassipes). Mai d u o n g (Mimosa pigra). T n n h nil m d c (Mimosa diplotricha), Co U o (Chromolaena ocloiata). NKO Sac (Lantana camara), 4 loai n a m h o n g d a n h m u c co n g u y c o x a m hai gom Luoc V a n g (Calhsia iragrans) K e p dau {Uucaena leucocephala). OA ],„ {Ageratum conyzoides). Cue bd {SphagneUcola Inhhata) va 2 Ipai Bim bim hpa vang (.Merrewi,, boisiana) va Bim bim hoa irang (Impomea eberhardtii) thupc danh muc 100 loai ngpai lai xam hai nguv hiem wi. .>,'
gidi nia lUCN. "
76 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON •
K Y I - T H A N G 9 / 2 0 1 9
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Bang 2. Danh muc cac loai thuc vdt ngogi lai xdm hai
I T
I 1 2 3 4
n
5 ii 6
m
7 IV8 9 10 11 V 12 VI 13
Ten Viet Nam
HpCiic Cirtlpn Co lao Cdcbd Don budt Hp Bim bim Bim bim hoa trdng Bim bim hoa vdng
Hp Thdi Idi Lupc vdng
Hpddu Keo ddu Trinh nir mdc, trinh nu vuong Trmh nir thdn gd/mai duong Tnnh nir bd Hg roi ngua Ngu sdc Hp lyc binh
Beo tdy
Ten khoa hpc
Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides L Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & H.
Rob
Sphagneticola tiilobata (L.) Pruski Bidens pilosa L.)
Convolvulaceae Ipoinoea eberhardtii Gagn.
Merremia boisiana (Gagn.) van Ooststr.)
Commebnaceae
Callisia dagi-cms (Undl.) Woodson Fabaceae
Leucaena leucocephala (Lanik.) De Wit.
Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright var.
Diplotricha Sauvalle Mimosa pigra Mimosa pudia L.) Verbenaceae Lantana camara L.
Pontederiaceae
Eichhomia crassipes (Mart.) Solms
Thdng tu 35/201S/TT-
BTNMT Xam hai (phu luc 1)
+
+ +
+ +
Nguy CO xdm hai (phu luc 2)
+
+
+
+
Danh muc cac lodi xdm Ian Dong Nam A
+
^
+
+
+ +
+ +
Danh miiclOO lodixam Idn ciia lUCN
+ + +
+ +
+ +
*
+ +
3.2. Hien tr^ng phdn bd ciia cac lodi thuc vat ngo^ lai xdm hai t ^ khu vuc Khu BTTN Bd Nd - Niii Chiia
Cdc loai thuc vdt NLXH dupe phan bd hau het tai cdc khu vuc vimg dem va mpt sd sinh canh viing loi khu bao tdn (hinh 1).
Hinh 1. Bdn dd phdn bd thuc v$t NLXH theo t u y ^ didu
3.2.1. Hien trang phan bd cac loai thirc vat ngoai lai xam hai theo tuyen dieu tra
Cdc lodi thuc vat ngoai Iai xdm hai phdn bo tren cac tuyen didu tra dupe the hien d bang 3.
Ket qua vd hien trang phdn bd cae lodi thuc vat ngoai Iai xam hai theo tuydn cho thay: Co Ido, Don budt, cay Cut lon xuat hien tren tat cd 14 tuydn khdo sat qua 9 sinh cdnh rimg trdng, rimg tu nhien, ven dircmg. ddng rupng, vudn nhd, dat trdng, dam lay, ven sudi, trdng cd tuy nhien chiing chua ed lac dpng ndo dang ke.
Luoc vang xuat hien tren hiydn sd 1 voi sd Iuong vdi trdm ca the tap trung chii yeu d smh canh vudn nhd.
Cue bd phdt trien rat manh a nhieu smh canh, dac biet Id a dat trdng, ven duimg. Tren luyen 12 cd
».Ak,^ . . . ^ i j i r o \ / A DUAT TDICM K i n N G T H O N - KY 1 - T H A N G 9/2019 77
su xam ldn ciia Cue bo b sinh cdnh ven dudng voi dp phii len tdi 70%, tren luyen duong cao tdc Khu cong nghe eao - Tuy Loan (tuyen 7). phdt trien rat manh
Bdng 3. Hien trgng phdn bd cdc lodi thi^c vdt ngoai Iai xdm hgi tr6n cac tuy^n di^u tra dpc theo hai ben dudng xdm ldn tir mep diwng vdo trong khodng 10 m, keo ddi thanh timg khuc khoang 500 m.
Tuyen
1
2
3
4 5 6
7
8 9 10
11 12 13
14
Sinh canh
Rung trdng, ven duong, vuon nha. ddt trdng, dam lay
Rimg udng, ven duimg, ddng rupng, vuon nha, dai trdng, ddm lay Rimj; trdng, rimg tu nbu'ii, bia rimg, ven diroiiK, vcn suoi Rimg trdng, ven duong, ven sudi, vuon nha, dat trdng
Rimg trong, bia rimg.
ven sudi Bia rimg, ven duong, ven sudi, ddng rupng Rimg trdng, ven duong, ven sudi, ddng rupng, trdng cd, vuon nha. dat udng, dam lay Rimg udng, ven dudng.
ven sudl, ddng rupng.
vuim nhd, ddt udng.
Rimg udng, ven duimg Rimg trdng, ven dudng.
ven sudi. vuon nha Rimg trdng. bia rimg.
ven ducmg, ven sudi, trdng CO, ddt trdng Ven dudng, irang co Rimg udng, rimg tu nhien, bia rimg, ven duong
Rimg trdng. bia rimg.
ven duong. ven sudi
Loai ngoai lai xam hgi Beo
Tdy BT
x
x Ngii
sac NS
x
X
X
X
X X
X
X
Co lao CL
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
Lupc vdng LV
X
Trinh nir bo TNB
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
1 X
X
X
Mai Duong MD
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Trinh numdc TNM
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
, ,
Keo d^u KD
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X Cay cut Ipn CCL
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
Cue bo CB
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Bim bim vdng BBV
X
X
X
X
X
Bim bim trdng BBT
X
X X
Don budt DB
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
—?—1 O sinh canh dam lay. ao nuoc Beo tav xuiit hijin cac tiiyen dieu tra qua cac sinh canh dat trong, ven va phat trien rat manh (tuyen 2, 7) Tai kh dudllg. duoi tham rimg trdng lieo, chung sinh tmdng dam sen An Ngai Tay 2 - Hda Son dien va phal trien rat tdt. bao phu lihoang 500 m-.
vuc sat hch Beo tay
78 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Mai duong xuat hien tren cdc tuydn sd 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 12 tgi eac smh cdnh gan nhd dan, khu vue ven dudng di, dat trdng canh dudng vd 6 rimg trdng keo, b nhimg noi am udt, viing dam lay, ven ho nuoe, noi cd nhidu anh sdng mdt trdi, dac biet tren tuyen 1 ghi nhdn su xuat hien chu ydu ciia lodi Mai duong (."Mimosapigra), cdy sinh trudng manh, hinh thdnh timg ddm nhd 100 - 200 m^ ed tir 20-25 cdy/4 m^
chieu cao len tdi 2,2 m.
Ddng luu y Id Bim bim hoa vdng ed mat d 7/9 sinh canh, khu virc ven sudi phat trien manh me, Idy lan CO nhimg khu vuc trdi dai hon 500 m, lan sang hai ben tren didn tich hdng nghin m^ Bim bim hoa vdng mpc thdnh timg ddm, phdt tridn tdt, ed nhimg diem dp phii dat 60-70% xdm Ian rimg trong keo, eo mat tai rimg tu nhien khu bao tdn (xd Hda Ninh, song Nam) len tdi dp eao 1.030 m bao phii cdc loai cay gd ban dia tren dien tich rpng ldn.
Ben canh dd Bim bim hoa trdng (tuyen 5.9,10), khu vtrc dia phdn xa Hoa Bdc, viing dem Nam Hai Bdng 4. Phdn bd cdc lodi thyc vdt ngogi Iai xam
Van phdt trien manh me, xdm Ian lam dnh huotig tdi su sinh truong cua cac loai bdn dia
Sinh canh dat trdng, ven dudng vd rimg trdng eo su xuat hien sd lupng cua thuc vdt NLXH nhidu nhat Thuc vat NLXH dd dang phdt tdn, du nhap do con ngudi, sinh vdt di cu mang tir noi khdc ddn trong qud trinh van chuyen, giao thdng, du Iich...Va sinh canh rimg trdng cung Id didu kien thuan Ipi eho sinh vat ngoai lai phat trien do he sinh thdi rimg trdng ehu yeu Id rimg ngheo, dp ehe phu thap.
3.2.2 Hien trang phan bd cac loai thuc vat ngoai lai xam bai theo dai cao
O cae dai eao khdc nhau cd nhirng dae diem khi hdu khdc nhau ddn den sir phan bd cae lodi thuc vat ciing CO su thay ddi. Qua dieu tra, thdng ke su phdn bd cae thuc vdt ngoai Iai xdm hai theo 5 dai dp cao C<100 m, 100 - 300 m, 300 - 500 m , 500 - 700, > 700 m) thu dupe ket qud d bdng 4.
hgi theo dai cao tgi Khu BTTN Bd Nd - Niii Chiia TT
1
2 3 4 5
Dai cao (m)
<100
100-300 300-500 500-700 70M.030
Ten loai
Ngu sdc, Cd lao. Luge vang, Trinh nti bd. Mai duong, Trinh nu mdc, Kep dau. Cut Ipn, Cue bd, Don budt. Beo tay, Bim bim hoa trSng, Bim bim hoa vang
Don budt, Ngii sdc, Trinh nu bo, Trinh nil mdc, Bim bim hoa trdng, Bim bim hoa vang, Co lao, Keo dau, Ciic bd. Curt lon
Ciit lon, Bim bim hoa vang, Don budt, Ngu sdc Don budt, Bim Bim hoa vang, Cirt Ipn Don budt, Bim bim hoa vang. Cut lon
Sd loai xuat hi^n
13 10 4 3 3 Trong tdng sd 13 lodi xudt hien xac dinh d- dai
dp cao < 100 m tap trung loan bp cdc loai thuc vat ngogi Iai xam hai, d dai cao tir 100 - 300 m sd lupng iodi thirc vat ngoai Iai xam hai luong ddi nhieu (10 loai), tir dai eao 300 - 500 m, 500 - 700 m > 700 m sd lodi thuc vdt ngoai lai xdm hai giam ddn cdn Iir 3-4 lodi.
Beo Tdy, Lupc Vdng, Mai duong chi xuat hien b dai cao dudi 100 m.
Dpc theo cac tuyen d- dp cao dudi 500 m xuat hien cay Ngu sac phdt h-ien thdnh nhimg bui Ion cao Iir 1,8-2,0 m.
Bun bim hoa vang xudl hien d Idl ea cac dai cao, tuy nhien chiing phdt trien va phdn bd chu ydu tai sinh canh rimg trdng, ven duong d' dp eao tren 100 m. a dp cao hi 100 m - 300 m, dien lich phan bd
iwiAw^ MiSMg© WA P5(V^ATTSIIIN N O M G T H O N - KY 1 - T H A N G 9/2019
ciia Bim bim hoa vdng Id Ion nhat, trdi ddi len ddn 800 m^. Phat hien su co mat ciia loai nay d dp eao len den 1.030 m nhung voi didn tich chi 25 m^ thupc rimg lu nhien.
Cac lodi thuc vdt ngoai Iai xdm hai phdn bd kha rpng tai khu bao tdn Id diem can dang luu y trong cdng tae quan ly lodi xdm hai dac biet tai khu vuc.
3.3. Miic dp phd bidn ciia cdc lodi thuc vdt xu^t hien gdn cac lodi thuc vgt ngogi lai xdm hai tai Khu BTTN BaNa-Nui Chiia
Dieu tra tren edc OTC noi phan bd cdc loai thuc vdt ngoai Iai xdm hai cho thay sd loai cay xuat hien gan cac lodi thuc vdt ngoai Iai xdm Ian rat da dang bao gdm ca cay Ihan gd, cdy but, cdy ed va day leo.
79
KHOA HOC C6MO NGH|
Qua ket qua dieu tia ve cac loai thuc vat ciing Thong ba la vdi mijrc dp phd bien tir tnmg binh ddn xudt hien trpng OTC voi cac loai ngoai lai xam hai cao. Chiing phat tridn manh nl^, leo phii len cac loai dupe the hien obang 5. Thdng duoi ngua va Thong ba la dc cm ' " a n h '^^
Bang 5 cho thay: Bim bim hoa tidng hay xuat duOng va anh sang hi^n gan cac loai cay than gd nhu Thdng dudi ngua,
Bdng 5. Miic do phd bi6i cua cdc lodi thiicvjtxu&hijn gdn cdc lodi thlic vdt ngosi lai xdm h ^ t ? i k h u v t j c nghigpciiu
T T 1
2
3
4
5 6
7 8 9 10 11
12
13 14
15 16 17 18
19 20
21 T e n loai B a b e t
Ba chgc
Bim Id n h o
Bd cu ve
Bpt e c h B o n g v a n g C u e do C h u d i Cd cut Ipn Cd Ido
Cd m a n t r a u C d r o i n g u a Cd siia la Ion Cd t r a n h
D o n b u d t D e n ba Id Hu dav Keo Id t r a m K e h o a d a o Keo ddu
U m xet
T e n la tinh Malloms paniculatus (Lam.) M u I l J \ r g .
Euodia lepta (Spreing) M e r r . Merremia vitifolia ( B u r m . .0 Hall f.
Breynia fmticosa ( L ) M u l l A r g Callicarpa cana L Abelnioscbus moschatus M e d i k .
Eclipla proslrata {L.) L Musa acuminata Colla Ageratum conyzoides L.
Chromolaena odorata ( L ) R . M . K i n g & H.Rob.
Eleusine indica (L.) G a e r l n .
Verbena otiicinalls L
Euphorbia parviflora L.
Imperata cylindrica ( L ) Raeusch.
Bidens pilosa L.
VitexpierreanaP. Dop.
Trema onenlalis ( L ) Bi.
Acacia aunculifomds B e n l h .
Urena lobata L Leucaena leucocephala (Lanik.) D e W i t . Peltopbomm pterocarpum (DC.) K.
H e v n e
M u c d o p h d b i e n BTINS
-I-
- - -
1 +
+
+
+ + + + + + +
+ +
+ +
C L +
+
+
+
+
-I-
+ + + +
++
++
+
++
+ i + + 1 +
LV
+ -f
+
+ • ! - ( - -
+ 1 + i 1 i + I -h ' - + I + i
+ ' + '
!
T N B +
+
+
-H
+ + + +
- H -
+
- ( •
+
+
+ + + +
i M D
+
+
-f-
+
+ -H
+ +
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+
+
-
+
+ T N M
+
+
-F +
+ + + +
-1-
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+
+ + -I-
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+
1
KD
-(-
+ -1-
+ +
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+
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+
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+ +
C L -1-
+
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+
+ +
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-H-
-l-l-
+
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+ +
C B
+
+
+ -f
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+ + ++
-Ht-
+
+
+ +
BBV +
-H-
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+
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+ -1- + +
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+
+
+
+ +
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+
+
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+ +
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+
+
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+
+ +
+ + +++ +++
++
++
++
++
+++ -f ++
•H-
+
1
80 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NOHE
22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43
Ldi khoai
Lupc vang Mdng lang Mit ndi Mua Muong budng Ngai Ngu sdc Sao den Tam phdng Thdi Idi d-dng Thdnh nggnh Thau dau Thdiba
Tliong duoi ngua Thong ba la Thau lau Id day Mai duong Trmh nu- moc Trinh nir bd Sdgid Sdi tia
Gymnocladus angustifolius (Gagnep.) J.E. Vidal Calhsia tagrans (Lindl.) Woodson
Litsea cubebaLitsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.
Artocarpus rigidus Blume Melastoma candidum Zanthoxylum avicennae (Lam.) DC.
Ficus hispida L.f.
Lantana camai'a L.
Hopea odorata Roxb Cardiospemium halicacabum L.
Commelina communis L.
Cratoxylum maingayi Dyer
Ricinus communis Alangium chinense (Loureiro) Harms
Pinus massoniana (Lamb.)
Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon
Aporosa tetiapleura Hanee Mimosa pigra.
Mimosa diplotricha Charles Wright Mimosa pudia L.
Dillenia indica Linn Sapium discolor (Champ, ex Benlh.) Muell.-Ai-g.
+
+ +
+
+
+ + +
+ + + + +
+
+ +
+
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+
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+
+
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+ + + -I-
+
-I-
+ +
-1-
-t-
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-1- +
+
+ -H-
+
-
-
+
+
+ + +
+ + + +
-
+
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+ +
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+ +
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+
+ + +
+
+ -1-
-f
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
.
+ -H-
+ +
-
- ( •
- ( •
+ -1-
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+
+
+
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+ ++
+ +
+
+ + +
+ +
+
+
-^
+
+ +
+
+
+
- -(-
*^
+ +
+
+
+ -H-
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+
+
++
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+ + ++
+
+
++
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++
+
*
++
+ +
++
• H - +-t-
+
+
- • •
+ + +
+
- • •
+ +
+
+ + +
-H-
-H-f
+
+ +
+
+ +
+
+ + +
-
+ + + +
+
+ + +
+
+
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-1- +
+
+ +
Ghi chu: •: Rat it pho bien (chiem dmi 5% vi so lucmg): +: it pho bien (chiem dudi 10% ve so luong): ++.•
niiir dd phd bien trung binh (chiem 10-70% ve so lucmg): +++.• muc do pho bien cao (chiem > 70% ve so luong, nen danh dau cho 1 loai).
BT: Beo Tiiy: NS: Ngu sac: CL: Co lao: LV: Luoc vang: TNB Trinh nir bo: TNTG: Tnnh na than gd:
TNM: Trmh nir moc: KD: Keo dau: CCL: Cay cut lan: CB: Cue bo: BBV: Bim bim vang: BBT: Bim bun IrSng:
DB: Don budt
MAM/!I MCUICP U A PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019 BI
Bim bun hoa vang xudt hien voi miie do phd bien tir trung binh den cao gan cdc lodi Ba chac, Lim x?t. Muong trudng, Thoi ba, Sao den, Sdi tia, Sd gia.
Den ba la, tlioi gian gdn day chung Idy lan sang cdc khu rimg trong Keo. canh tranh dnh sdng gdy anh hudng den tinh hinh sinh inidng ciia cac lodi bdn dia vd cdc loai cay trong.
Mai duong thuong phdn bd okhu ddt trdng. ven duong, chiing xuat bien gdn loai Muong Irudng vdi mire dg phd bidn trung bmh. Ddi tupng xdm hai ciia cdy Mai duong qua nghien eiiu la chua ro rdng, tuy nhien chimg sinh trudng manh, nhanh phu kin ddt CO nguy CO xam lan eao.
Cdc lodi ngoai lai than bui nhu Co Ldo, Ciic bd.
Cut Ipn, Don budt... thutmg sinh irudng tdt ciing vdi Mai Dirong, Bim bim hoa vdng, Bim bim hoa irdng trong cdc 6 nghien ciiu.
4 . KET LUAN
Qua 14 tuyen didu tra he sinh thdi rimg Bd Na - Nui Chua, da ghi nhgn 13 lodi thuc vat ngoai lai xam hgi tren, trong do 10 loai ndm trong danh muc 100 lodi ngogi lai xdm hai cua IUCN/2003. 8 lodi ndm trong danh muc cdc loai xam lan tai khu vuc Dong Nam A, 9 lodi nam trong danh muc cac loai ngoai lai theo Thong tu sd 35/2018/TT-BTNMT. Hai lodi Bim bim hoa vdng (Merremia boisiana) vd Bim bim hoa trdng (Impomea eberhardtid hien dang xdm hai rimg tv nhien ciia khu bdo tdn.
Cdc lodi tliuc vdt NLXH phan bd b hdu bet cae sinh canh, dac biet la nhimg sinh canh co do md tdn rimg cao nhu rimg ti'dng, ddt trdng, ven duong. Smh cdnh dnh hudng Ion den su phdn bo ciia thuc vat NLXH: Cay Mai duong phdn bd ehu ydu 6 khu vue dat trdng. dam lay, rimg udng. Bim bim hoa vdng (Merremia boisiana) phan bd ehu ydu Id rimg trdng.
bia rimg. Tren cac luyen dieu tra. Bim bim hoa trdng chi phdn bd d khu vuc ven rimg. ven sudi Hoa Bdc, viing dem KIiu BTTN - Nam Hai Vdn.
Bim bim hoa vang (Merremia boisiana) xuat hien (r tat ca eac dai eao. tuy nhien chiing phdt irien va phan bd chii ydu tai sinh canh rimg trong, veil duimg d dp eao tren 100 m. Beo Tdy (Eichhomia crassipes). Luoc vang (Callisia fragniiis). Mai dumig (.Mimosa pigra) c\i\ xual hien ddai < UtO m.
Cdc lodi thuc vgt ngoai lai xdm hgi i)li'i" ^^ ^ ^^^
het cdc khu vuc sdng cua edc loai tian dia, chiing sinh trudng, phdt trien vd thich nghi tdt, dang va se canh tranh dnh sang, dinh duong vm cac lodi thuc vgt ban dia. Do vdy can co cae gidi phdp plii)ng ngira cae lodi thuc vdt NLXH tai khu vuc trong thdi gian tdi nhdm bao ve he sinh thai rimg Khu BTTN Bd Na - Niii Chiia hudng tdi bao tdn da dang sinh hgc ciia thdnh phd Dd Ndng.
LOI CAM oni
Nghien cuu nay dope tai tra bdi ngan sach Nha nude do Dai hoc Da Ndng la dan vi chti tri tiong de tai ma sdB2018.DNA. 02
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Bp Tai nguyen vd Mdi tnrong - Bp Nong nghiep va Phdt tridn nong thon (2018). Thdngtiilidn ticb sd 35/2018/TTLT-BTNMT ngay 28 thang 12 n&m 2018 Quy dinh tieu cbi xac dinh va ban hanh daitii muc loai ngoai lai xam hai, Hd Ndi.
2. Cue Bao tdn Da dgng sinh hpc - Tdng cue Moi truong, ehii bien (2012). Kien thuc ca ban vS sinh vat ngoai lai xam hai. Bp Tdi nguyen va M6i Iruong.
3. Ddo Thi Hdng Van (2017). Nghidn cdu tiiiic trang thuc vat ngoai lai xam hai va anh hirdng den he sinh thai ban dao Son Tra, Da Ndng. Ludn van thac si khoa hoc.
4. Dinh Tlii Phuong Anh (2005). Dieu tia, l$p danh luc va xay dung bd tieu ban cac loai tinic vat tiian gd dkhu bao tdn tiiidn nhien Ba Na - Nui Chiia.
Bao cdo khoa hoc, Da Ndng
5. lUCN, 2003. Sinh vdt ngoai Iai xam lan. Ha Npi.
6. Nguydn Nghia Thin, Nguyen Thi Ddo (2003). Da dang thue vat Khu Bao tdn Thien nhien Ba Na, TP. Da Ndng. Dd tai nh^inh NCCB cap Nha nude.
7. Nguyen Nghia Thm (2007). Cac phuong phap nghien cuu thue vat. NXB Dai hoc Qudc gia Hd Ni)i.
8- K. V. Sankaran and T A. Suresh (2013) Invasive alien plants in the forests ol Asm and tiie Pacific Food and Agneulture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office far Asia and the Pacific Bangkok 2013, 222 pages.
9. Morse, Larry E, el al., (2004). An invasive species assessment Protocol. Natural Sc^i
i^e, 2004.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
DISTRIBUTION OF INVASIVE AUEN SPECIES AT BA NA - NUI CHUA NATURAL RESERVE, DANANGCnY
Pham Tlii Kim TTioa', Nguyen Tlii Thu Hang^, Vu Thi Bich Hau^
'The University of Da Nang- University of Science and Technology 'Vietnam national University of Forestry
^Department of Science and Technology, Danang city Summary
The study results show that 13 invasive alien species occurring in in 14 investigated transects in Ba Na - Nui Chua Nature Reserve including: Eicbbomia crassipes. Callisia iragrans. Mimosa pigra. Mimosa diplotncha, Chromolaena odorata, Lantana camara, Impomea eberhardtii, Merremia boisiana, Leucaena leucocephala, Ageratum conyzoides. These invasive alien species present in 9 habitats, however there is the highest number of species in plantaUon and roadside. All invasive species appear at elevation under 100 m above sea level, 10 species distnbuted at 100 - 300 m. The number of species decreases gradually from elevation of 300 m or more. Eichhomia crassipes, Callisia tagrans. Mimosa pigra only appear at the belt <
100 m. Merremia boisiana appears at all elevations, having a sUong tendency to develop in the nature reserve, Ipomea eberhardtii appears scatteringly in the core zone and grows sUongly in the buffer zone of NatuUe Reseeserve belong lo Hoa Bac commune. Nam Hai Van.
Ifeywords: Ba Na - Nui Chua Nature Reserve, distribution. Elevation, Invasive alien species, habitat Ngudi phdn bien: TS. Nguyin Qudc Dung
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 5/7/2019 Ngdy thfing qua phan bien: 6/8/2019 Ngdy duyet ddng: 13/8/2019
M A M / ^ M/iuicD \fk PHAT TPIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019 83
