Ml*) (240)-2D15 NG6N NGC & Bin S6NG 121
MOT VAI KI XAO TRONG DICH TRUNG -VJ$T
SOME METHODS OF CfflNESE VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION NGUYfiN THJ H 6 N G N H A N
(ThS; S«i hfc Ngo«i ngi', BHQG H i Npi)
Abstract: Translating Chmese mto Vietnamese has common points on methods of translating, but also has its own characteristics. This article mentions some metiiods and techniques m Chmese Vietiiamese tianslation. In addition to tiiese measures, tiie usual technique like adding or separating sentences, we also need to pay attention to otiiei fliings such as the receivers of the tianslation, especially avoiding overused Sino-Vietnamese.
Key words: Chinese Vietnamese tianslation; method; technique.
1. D I dich cfing nhu danh gii m$t sto phim dich, chiing ta can cto c i vto nhing tieu chuin nhit dinh trong dich fllu|L Ndi den tidu chuin dich, t i budc din nay nhfing ngudi nghito ciu dieh Tnlng-Vidt diu bilt d&i "tin, djit, nhi". Tuy nhien, gin day cd flidm mdt quan dilm mdi vl tidu chuin dich dd la "bto dja hda" vi" ngo^ lai"
(cich gpi khic dd: "bto dia hda" vi "hudng ngo^i", "ding hda" vi "di bi^"). Trong dd, bto
<l^ hda li chpn hudng dich d t sao de hilu, dl nhfhig d$c gii bmh dto cung cd thl tilp nhto sto liam dich. Dich hudng ngo?i Ii d gtog bim sit nguydn tic, ding cto t i ngi, hidn tupng cich dim dgt nhu trong bto goc, vdi mong muln lim phong phi ngdn ngi dich vi hpi nh^ vdi flil gidi.
Trdn do sd li luto ve "bto dia hda" hay "ngoji lai" tiong dich Tnmg-Vidt, bii vilt ndu ldn mOt sl phuong ph^ vi W xto tiong qui ttinh chuyin didi t i tifag Trung sang tilng Vidt
2. Cung gilng nhu dich cto ngdn ngi ndi diung, dich fliu$t Tnmg-Vidt cd flil vto <ivng hnh ho?t cto phuong phip vi ki xto dich, bao gim:
bdt ti, flidm ti, dto vl ciu, tich ciu, g ^ ciu,...
TUt nhit, them, bdt tit: Vide flidm bdt ti, fliudng li nhing hu hi, lito tii, chi ylu li dl di&i ( ^ cho sing i6 ndi dung vto bin. Vi dy-
jika^wmEas«»«isuiio (Hai bdn ki
ket cd n^iia vy gito dye vi dto t ^ nhing ngu dto vto ho^ d$ng nghe ci trong ving dinh ci chung).
Thtihai,lichhofcgfipciii:Titiickiiay^
cto nhilu khi khdng don fliuin li cto dii flii tidi ra, cau ngin thi gdp I^, mi thudng to ciu tnic cto vi ndi dung •} nghia quy djnh. Cd loji ciu khdng thl mang qui nhilu thanh phin phy, hoto khdng bieu d^ hit y mi vto bto glc cin tiuyin dgt, thl nto ttoh ra. Ngupc Igi, nlu hai hoto nhieu cto cd ctog mpt phin ndi dung, hoto vl mdt myc dich tu t i nto dd cd flil gpp lgi dl tilt ki?m thdi gian, dim bto do dii,..,
Thir ba, dio vi cdu: Trong dich Tnmg- Vidt, nhilu khi cin dto vl cto cua vto bto glc, vi dy cto "tH:ISl±f)f#fi9*MSS , S < n « S ^ " dupc dich tiiinh "Chung til phii hpc t ^ tit ci nhQng dilu bo Ich tidn flie gidi".
Tha tir, ttnh hop timig cich djch tiiy thu^
vio diititfng tify nh^ bin djch Khdng tuydt dii hda theo phuong p h ^ bto dia hda hay ngogi lai, mi phii cto c i vto cic ylu to lien quan Mpt sl ylu tl cin diu ^ hong dich Tning-Vi^ c d f l i l k e d l n l i d t o f l i i d i i
122 N G 6 N NGC* & Bin S 6 N G S6 10 (240)-2015 tiipng tong ban djch va doi ticgmg tiep nh|in ban
dich.
Mpt VI dvi dien hinh v^ vi$c cSn nhSc dm d$c thu d6i tupng tnmg b&i dich la cSch djch til
"jftlifr" (Chinh hifp) trong vSn ban tilng H ^ "
jftliih" (Chfnh hi^) ten dAy du la "Hgi n ^ Hi?p fliuong Chinh tii NhSn dan Tnmg Qu6c".
C6 y kien cho rSng, Chinh higj cua Tnmg Quoc cung gj6ng/^ g i ^ v6i M$t t r ^ t6 qu6c ciia Vi?t Nam. TIQ' nhioi, n6i chinh x ^ ttr g6c dO diinh tri thi Idifc lit nhiea Do (to, v6i hai cym tir nay, dk dam b&) dp "tin", chung ta nen c h ^ phuong ph^ huong ngo^i, chur klidng n&n bdn dja b6a chui^ khi djch, tiic Ik djdi" difnh hi?p"
cdn M§t tr^ T6 quoc Vi^ Nam thi djch 1^ "jffi
MOt vi d\i kii^: tir ^-fe c6 th^ djch bSng hai cdch: Khi sijr dyng trong npi bp van ph6ng hay CO quan, dk g^dn ti?n, c6 the sii dyng phuong ph^ "bu6ng ngo^", dich ik "hgi trudng"; nhung khi dich 6 nhQng vSn b ^ chinh th6ng mang tfnh chuin myc, trang trpng thi ngn sur dyng phuang ph^ "bSn dia h6a", d6 la "chii tich hi?p hpi".
Thi^ ndm, khdng tiiy dpt sit df^g Hdn Vip:
Ngo^ ra, m$t diem ik d ^ chii y trong djch van b ^ Tning-Vi^ nOa ik khong tuy t i ^ sii dyng H^Vi^LVidy:
Cym tCr ^iffl^lfett^ijii. hi?n nay ph6 b i ^ dupc (^dl \k "diu nghia x3 hpi ^ s9c Tnmg Qu6c". TiQ' nhi&i, ttiii n h ^ x6t ve nghia, 4$'& c6 nghiia 1^ '*m^ sSc d$c thii", diii khdng c6 nghia 1^ "d$c sac" (rlt dSc bi?t). Tliii hai, x6t ve ngtt ph^, "d^ sic" trong t i ^ Vi^ 1^ mOt tinh tit, nSu thih ttr nfiy b6 sung ngh^ cho danh tii CTning Quoc), thi n6 ph^ diing sau danh tii iy, tiic 'Tnmg Qu6c d$c sSc", di^u niy khdng phii hpp nghia v6i bin g6c. Ihii ba, ^'Bl^fe tt^iJ^ ding c6 nghia I ^ W ^ ' l l ^ f e W t t
^±X , do d6, 4#fe i<^ sac) khdng the bo sung nghm tryc t i ^ die "diii ngh& xfi hpi"
dupc. Do d6, theo quan diem dia chih^ tdi U n&i dich ]k "dm n^ua xS hpi mang miiu s9c Trang Qu6c" nhu nhi^nam tni6c chiing tavSn dung.
G ^ day, cym tir /Xj(h xult hi?n khi nhieu vk dupc mpi ngu6i dich ih "HSn Ban". Nhu chiing ta da Het, day ik mOttCrvi^tSt trong t i ^ Tiung cd ten d4y dii l i 4 ' S i ] ^ 5 R ^ B ^ ) t r ^ # ' > a i f r ^ ^ " . Ph^ thim nh|n rang
"H^ Ban" ik m$t cSdi (^di "hudng ngo^i" ngan gpn, d^t dupc tiSu dif tuong duong ve m^ binh tiiiic, nhung theo c& nhSn tdi dSy ik mpt c ^ d)di 1 ^ dyng tu Ukn Vi$L C h i ^ ta khong phSn doi "hudng ngo^", vh cOng khdng ph&i doi vi$c sii dyng kho tdng tii Hdn Vi$t v6 cimg quy gia, song theo ck nhSn tdi "HSn Ban" 1^
m$t each dich t6i nghia, vl v$y trong nhttng trudng hpp nky chiing ta cd th^ sii dyng phuong phap "ban dia hda", cd th^ dich \k
"VSn phdng HAn Ngtt d6i ngo^ quoc gia Trung Quoc".
3. Trong qua trinh chuyen dich tii t i ^ Trung sang tilng V i ^ ngoii nhQng phucmg phap va Id xdo thdng thudng thi chiing ta cung n ^ chA y vl sy kit hpp hii hda gjtta each dich
"ban dia hda" va "ngo^ lai", dam bao ban djch trong sing dl hilu, d6ng thdi van cfauy^ tai dupc n$i dung, tu tudng ciia van ban g6c.
T A I L i i u THAM K H A O CHINH 1. Nguyen Hiiu Cku (2004), Li ludn dii dfeh Hdn -Vj?t, Nxb D?i hpc (Ju6c gia Ha N^i, Ha NOi.
2. L^ Toan Thing (2008), Li thuyit trdt tv tie trong cu phdp, Nxb D^i hpc Qu6c gia Ha NOi, Ha Npi.
3. NguySn VSn Khang (2007, tai bdn 2012), Tit ngogi Im trong tiing Vi?t, Nxb Giao dye.
