46 SO 06-2009 CHAU MY NGAY NAY
QUAN HE QUOC TE
OUAN HE Vdl HOA KY CAN Ol/CfC COI LA MOT TRU COT CUA CHINH SACH DOI NCOAI
/^•fc^he gidi dang chuyen bien mau 1 I le va q u i trinh t o i n cau hoi la
\ i ^ thtic tiin khdng the trdnh dUdc.
Quan diem hpi nhap t o i n dien ctia Viet Nam da ddi hdi chung ta phai tim hieu nhieu hdn ve cic nQdc, nhat la sieu cQdng Hoa Ky.
I. Mot nhan dinh tong quat:
Sieu cQdng Hoa Ky van la iQc iQQng kinh te so mot trong vai ba thap ky t6i, ngay ca khi da xay ra suy thoai kinh te toan cau va sQ ldn manh ciia cac doi tac khac.
TrQdc bet, can t h i y rang, it nhat trong vai chiic nam tdi, the gidi van chi cd mpt "sieu" la Hoa Ky, du cd the cd nhieu "cQdng" nhQ Trung Qudc, Nhat Bin, Anh, DQc, Phap, Nga hay An Dp. Dd khdng phai la mpt nhan' dinh do lo sd "cpp giiy", m i dich thiic Hoa Ky vdn la mpt sieu cQdng so' 1 the gidi, dang cd i n h hQdng cQc ldn den tien trinh ctia the gidi tren hau het
GS. Nguygn Quang Thai cac linh viic, v i b i n , t h a n nQdc nay da v i dang cd nhQng nen tang ri't ding tran trpng de hp cd the ddng vai trd sieu cQdng nhQ vay. Dac biet cdc cd sd ve khda hpc cdng nghe, ve ye'u to' con ngQdi, ve quan sQ vd tiem liic kinh te, va nha't la ve sQ linh boat ciia chinh sach qud'c gia, dam chap nhan "thay ddi" trong the gidi "dang ddi thay".
Viec Hoa Ky l i n d i u tien vdi 2/3 cii tri phd thdng va dai cii tri b i u Obama, mpt ngQdi da mau va cung khdng cU tru ban d nQdc My nhieu nam, lam tdng thd'ng thQ 44 da cho thay, ngQdi dan nQdc nay d i m dQdng d i u vdi thay ddi, ma "thdi quen" thi chinh Le-nin cung da canh bao rang nd khd thay ddi nhQ the ndo.
Hoa Ky dang chiem khoang 30%
GDP toan ciu v i tren cic chi tieu khoa hpc, giio due, nang iQdng, tien bp cdng nghe, de'n kho vu khi buy >
diet,... Hoa Ky ludn ludn d trong "top ten", tham chi giQ vi tri so' 1.
Cac chi t i e u The gidi
2006 Hoa Ky 2006 Viet N a m Kinh te
Tong thu nhap quo^c dan GNI (ty USD)
GNI dau ngUdi (USD) GNI (ty USD, theo sue mua tiidng dilOng PPP)
GNI ddu ngUdi (USD, theo sUc mua tiiOng dUdng PPP) GINI
Phan phoi thu nhap 20% ngheo nhat
4.8694,1 7.448 60.210
9.209
13.386,9; 27,5%; thU 1 44.710; 6 l i n ; thU 11 13.195,7; 21,9%; thU 1
44.070; 4,8 lan; thU 8 40,8 (2000) 5,4% (2000)
58,5; 0,12%, thU 58 700; 9%; thU 169 194,4; 0,3%; thU 66 2.310; 25%>; thU 157
37,0 (2004) 7,1% (2004)
Phan phoi thu nh^p 20%) giau nhat
Ty le tong tiet kiem/GNI Cd ca'u kinh te nong nghiep/GDP Cd cau cong nghiep
Rieng cong nghiep che tac Cd cau kinh te dich vu
Ty le hang CN che tac trong xuat khau 2006
21,8%.
3%
28%
18%
69%
73%
45,8% (2000) 14,1%
1%
23%
14%
76%
79%
44,8% (2004) 37,7%
20%
42%
21%
38%
50%
Giao due, y te, k h o a hoc Tuoi tho (Nam/NQ) Tu vong tre dudi 5 tudi Tii vong ba me khi sinh Chi phi cho y te/GDP 2005 Giao due tieu hoc binh dang nam nO!
Chi phi giao due cap I/GDP Ty le dan nong thon Ty le dat nong nghiep
Nang suat lao dong nong nghiep, gia USD nam 2000
Sii dung nang lUOng quy ddu md (kg/ngUdi) 2005
Hieu qua sii dung nang lUdng USD (PPP)/kg 2005
Ty le chi phi R&D/GDP
Ty le XK cong nghe cao/hang CN che tac
Ty le xua't nhap khau hang hoa/GDP
Ty le thUdng mai dich vu/GDP
66/70 73/1.000 400/100.000
6%
95%
14,5%
50,9%
37,5%
914 USD/ngiidi
1.796 5,0 2,1%
21%
49,9%
11,3%
75/81 8/1.000 11/100.000
7,2%
100%
22%
18,9%
45,3%
41.797 USD/ngUdi 7.893
5,3 2,68%
30%
22,5%
5,8%
68/73 17/1.000 150/100.000
6%
97%
73,1%
30,8%
305 USD/ngUdi 617
3,5 0,19%
5%
137,7%
17,8%
Nguon: Bdo cdo the gidi 2008
Theo dii bdo mdi nhat ctia IMF thang 4/2009, kinh te' the gidi dang tren dd suy giam, trong dd mQc tdng trQdng ctia Hoa Ky la -2,8% nam 2008 va hy vpng nQdC n i y cd the hdi phuc bQdc d i u vdi con so' tang trQdng 0%
vio nam 2009. NhQng rd rang, neu Hoa Ky khiing hoang thi the gidi khd yen, va khi kinh te t i i chinh Hoa Ky khdi pbiic thi the gidi mdi mong phuc hdi. Ddng ddla ed suy yeu, nhQng yeu sach ddi dung ddng tien mdi, rd tien mdi de giao dich cung dau cd de. Tong Thd'ng Obama dQdc da sd trong Qud'c Hdi My iing hd da tien hdnh cdng viec 100 ngiy d i u tien k h i to't dep, tao ra mpt sd thay ddi rat d i n g ghi nhan, mac dQ cdn nhieu dieu cin tiep tuc theo ddi mdi iQdng dinh dQdc.
II. Nam quan diem doi ngoai ciia Viet Nam trong dieu kien m6i: Hoi nhap toan dien
1. Hgi nhgp vdi quan he ddi tdc vd do'i tugng trong diiu kien mdi.
Mpi ngQdi deu thay rd hdn bao gid bet, the gidi dang thay ddi tQug ngay, va dQdng nhQ so' phan cua nhan loai dang tang manh tinh tuy thudc lin nhau. Trong dieu kien dd, Viet Nam da quyet doan gia nhap vio Cpng ddng Ddng Nam A se thdnh hinh chinh thQc vio nam 2015, vdi ba tru cot chii yeu l i kinh te, van hoi - xa hdi va chinh tri - an ninh. TQ mpt Hiep hdi ASEAN hinh thdnh nam 1967 thdi Chie'n tranh Lanh, chuyen bien dan din, nbUng van kien quyet
SO 06-2009 CHAU MY NGAY NAY giQ truyen thd'ng ddng t h u i n , nay da
di tdi thoi thuan ve mpt Hien chQdng xay dting Cpng ddng Ddng Nam A.
Dieu dang "ngac nhien hdn" la chinh Viet Nam da rat nhanh chdng thdng qua Hien chQdng ndy. Hien chQdng khang dinh lai tinh chat ciia ASEAN l i mdt td chQc hpp tic khu viic lien Chinh phu, chQ khdng phii td chQc sieu qud'c gia nhu EU. Hien chQdng, ve cd bin, giQ cac nguyen tac chu dao va phQdng thQc boat dpng ctia ASEAN, n h i t la:
khdng can thiep vao cdng viec npi bd, tham van va ra quyet dinh bang ddng thuan... NhQng diem mdi ding chu y nhit la Hien chQdng tao ra khung phap ly va khudn khd the che mdi ciia ASEAN, nham nang cao hieu q u i hoat ddng ctia Hiep hdi va thiet thilc hd trp miic tieu xay dting Cdng ddng v i lien ket ASEAN. Ddng thdi, Hie'n chUdng trao cho ASEAN tU cdch phdp nhdn. Vd ngay 15/12/2008, Hien chQdng ASEAN da chinh thQc cd hieu liic, 30 ngdy sau khi dudc ca 10 nQdc t h i n h vien nop iQu chieu van kien phe chuin. Dd khdng chi la sii kien mang tinh khu viic, md cdn the hien quan diem vdi the gidi ctia Viet Nam dUdng nhU dd thay ddi theo hudng hgi nfidp todn dien hOn vd nhanh chong han, khong chi ddng khung trong cdc vin de hpi nhap kinh te qud'c te nhQ trQdc nQa'. Theo y kien ctia minh, tdc gia thay rang mpt chu trUdng nhu vay la hdp ly va hdp thdi, lam chd sti Qng phd ciia Viet Nam them linh hoat, uyen chuyen va cud'i cung l i gdp phan bio ve ldi Ich td'i thQdng ciia da't nUdc v i dan tpc.
2. Quan he vdi Hoa Ky nhU Id mgt quan he nen tdng quan trgng trong todn bg "bdn cd' phUc hgp quan he vdi cdc ben thU ba (trong bdi todn "tro chai nhieu ben").
Viet Nam va Hoa Ky vd'n dd cd nhQng quan he tQ hang tram nam nay. Neu so s i n h thi q u i trinh xay
dting va lap qud'c ciia Hoa Ky cung cd lich sti tren 230 nam non tre nhQ vung da't nang dpng ciia Nam Bd Viet Nam tren 300 nam tudi. NhQng nd lilc nd'i ket Viet Nam vdi khdi ddng minh trong chien tranh chdng phdt xit hdi Chien tranh The gidi thQ hai do Chii tich Hd Chi Minh kien tri thiic hien, ke ca vdi Hoa Ky, can dQdc giQ gin va phat huy trong tQdng lai. Trong thdi ky chien tranh chdng phdt xit, sii hdp t i c ciia Viet Minh da cd t i c dting tich ciic vdi quan ddng minh, ke ca Hoa Ky, nhQng da bi giin doan d i n g tiec.
P h i i ndi la, dQdng nhQ cd mpt luc ndo dd, trong van de cu the nao dd, chung ta da de cic van de y thQc he trong thdi Chien tranh Lanh lan i t cac vi'n de ctia ldi ich dan tdc. Ket qua la quan he Viet Nam - Hoa Ky da hi kim ham trong nhieu nam va chi dUdc chinh thQc giai toa ke tQ nam 1995.
Ngiy nay, quan he Viet Nam - Hoa Ky can dQdc dat d trung tam ciia md'i quan he qud'c te ctia Viet Nam. Hoa Ky, Viet Nam v i cic ben thQ ba trd thanh nhQng "ben" tham gia vid "trd chdi" nhieu ben phQc tap. Viet Nam cdn xti ly uyen chuyen va kien quyet trdng nguyen t i c vi'n de niy, l i m cho vi the ciia Viet Nam them vQng ving, dn dinh. Viec Viet Nam dang hoan t h i n h xua't sac t r i c h nhiem ciia mpt t h i n h vien khong thQdng trQc Hdi ddng Bao an Lien Hdp quo'c, vdi nhQng y kien dpc lap, cho tha'y, kha nang cua do'i ngoai ciia Viet Nam da trQdng thanh nhQ the nao.
Neu ai dd cdn nghi ngd ve sti
"chuyen hudng" n i o dd, thi can nhd rang, trQdc nam 1995, khi ndi ve ASEAN, chung ta cdn p h i i d i n do mai, xem cd mat di ban sic hay khdng. Chinh nguyen t i c ddng thuan va da nguyen da bao d i m cho sQ tham gia ciia mot nha nQdc cpng san vio td chQc trQdc day cd luc dQdc coi Id cong
Cli cho'ng cdng t r o n g v u n g . Vi t h e , sau chQa tdi 15 n a m , c h u n g t a da chti ddng t h a m gia Cpng ddng ASEAN.
T h a m chi t r o n g q u i t r i n h soan t h a o Hien chUdng A S E A N vQa qua, Viet N a m da t h a m gia chii dpng, ti'ch ciic va cd nhieu ddng gdp q u a n trpng vdo cic ndi dung, n h a t la t r o n g viec xay dung cae muc tieu, n g u y e n t i c va dinh h u d n g chti dao eua ASEAN. Viet N a m da la mpt t r o n g 5 nude d i u tien phe c h u i n Hie'n chQdng (ngay 6/3/2008). CQng vdi vi t h e mdi cua dat nQde, Viet N a m se tiep tuc cd nhQng ddng gdp hieu q u i vdo viec t r i e n k h a i Hien chUdng ASEAN, t a n g cUdng lien ket k h u vUc va xay diing Cdng ddng ASEAN, gdp p h i n dUa ASEAN trd t h a n h mdt thiic t h e gan ket vd thd'ng nha't, cd vai trd vd vi t h e qud'c te ngay cang q u a n trpng. TQ dd, cho t h a y quan he Viet N a m - Hoa Ky hoan toan cd t h e chuyen bien n h a n h chdng bdn nQa. Sti kien phai doan q u a n sii cap cao Viet N a m cd t h e len t h a m chie'n h a m Hoa Ky sQ d u n g n a n g lUdng n g u y e n tQ d k h u vtlc N a m Cdn Dao nhQng ngay g i n day cho t h a y sil chuyen bien se dien r a n h a n h chdng vd cd ket q u i , n e u c h u n g t a c h u a n hi td't va ddng t a m nha't tri.
3. Quan he hgp tdc todn dien, ndng cao vi the eua Viet Nam.
Hdp tac bai nUdc can dQde trien khai toan dien, gdp p h i n n a n g cao vi the ctia Viet N a m t r o n g bdi canh mdi ctia t h e gidi d a n g ddi t h a y . Tren thile te phai tha'y r i n g , t a i Hoa Ky van cdn mdt so' t h e lUc t h u dich, t h a m chi trong gidi kieu bao cdn cd ngUdi vi c i c ly do k h i c n h a u d a n g t h d m t h u che dp CHXHCNVN, t h a m chi t h a n h r a cai gi cung " p h i n ddi", NhUng d i n da, c i c h a n h ddng sai trdi, hoac dUa t h d n g tin khdng chinh x i c n i y d a n g n g i y cang it di, va t h e gidi d a n g n g i y cang hieu hdn Viet N a m .
C h i n h la t h a i dp xay dUng cua Viet N a m t r o n g q u a n he vdi cae dd'i tdc, ke c i vdi cac ddi tac n h a y cam n h u vdi nUdc l i n g gieng T r u n g Hoa, h a y v.di Tod t h a n h Vatican deu d a n g dUdc xti ly ngay cang td't hdn, Idm eho vi t h e chinh tri ngoai giao ctia d i t nUdc d a n g dUde eai t h i e n r a t nhieu. Dd Id dieu kien de n a n g q u a n be Viet N a m - Hoa Ky len q u a n he hdp tac toan dien. TQ dd, lai cd tac dpng ngQdc lai, giup n d n g cao vi t h e cua Viet N a m tren trUdng qud'c te. Q u a n he Viet N a m vdi C h a u Phi, C h a u My L a t i n h cung c a n dQdc d i y m a n h t r o n g dieu kien do, khi md xet t r e n q u a n he budn b a n thQdng mai, nQdc t a da cd q u a n be vdi hdn 200 nUde va vQng l a n h thd (den 2005 da cd q u a n he x u i t k h i u vdi 195 nUdc/vung l a n h t h d va 202 q u a n he n h a p khdu").
Trong dieu kien Chinh quyen O b a m a d Hoa Ky d a n g cd mpt s d ' t h a y ddi ti'ch cQc, c h u n g ta cdn n a m thdi cd nay de eung hdp t i c t r e n cd sd cac ben cung cd ldi, vi sti nghiep h o i binh, bdp t i c va p h a t t r i e n .
4. Viet Nam vd cdc nUdc co quan he bgn be f thil dich trUdc ddy
Trong dieu kien mdi, rd rang, Viet N a m khdng t h e cd ke t h u vinh vien, ma chi cd ldi ich vinh vien. Q u a n he vdi cdc nQdc va cac ben la q u a n he ddi tac, cung cd ldi. T r o n g mpt sd' v i n de, cd t h e vdn cd t r a n h chap va can dupe xQ ly khdn kheo.
Kinh n g h i e m q u a n he Viet-Trung c h a n g h a n , tQ chd q u a n he hQu nghi, den q u a n he cang t h i n g khi T r u n g Qud'c mud'n "day cho Viet N a m mdt bai hpc", rdi lai q u a n he hQu nghi t r e n cd sd 16 chQ vdng va q u a n he 4 tdt, Dd la nhQng sQ p h a t t r i e n bien chQng, khdng t h e xem thQdng,
Q u a n he t h u dich vdi P h d p sau 80 n a m bi dd hd da chuyen s a n g q u a n he hdp tdc td't dep, ca t r o n g Cong ddng P h d p ngQ va q u a n he qud'c te.
50 SO 06-2009 CHAU MY NGAY NAY Quan he thu dich vdi phdt xit N h i t
trong thdi ky Nhat chiem ddng nQdc ta da tQng bQdc chuyen hQdng theo quan he ddi t i c chien iQdc, vdi viec Nhat Ban trd thanh nQdc vien trd ODA h i n g dau cho Viet Nam vd cung nhau xti ly cac van de te nhi lien quan den tinh trang tham nhung d dii an Dai Ld Ddng Tay vQa qua cho thay, neu cd chinh sdch dung, cac ban nganh phdi hdp chat, cdn bp lam viec cin man thi hieu q u i se rat cao, tao sQ ddng tinh cua dQ luan.
Tham chi khi khdng chap nhan dil an d Posco d Vinh Van Phong, quan he Viet-Han van td't dep hdn bad gid, vi chung ta da khudn van de trong quan he ciia doanh nghiep vdi luat p h i p Viet nam, ma khdng chinh tri hoi van de.
5. Quan he doi ngogi nen rdt uyen chuyen nhUng co nguyen tdc
Nhu da ndi tren, cin giQ vQng nguyen tac dpc lap, til chti trong hoan canh mdi, nhQng cung cin rat uyen chuyen, tham chi cd luc c i n mem deo thi cd biic cung phai mem deo, m i kien quye't thi du cd thUdng cQng phai phe phin cho dti lieu iQdng. The mdi Id bin linh treng chinh sich vdi Hoa Ky va chinh sach ddi ngoai ndi chung.
Ve van de nay, lanh dao cap cao rat chu trpng, nhQng dQdng nhQ sQ phdi hdp ctia cac ban nganh va dia phQdng cd luc cdn chQa that chat che, nen hieu qua chQa cao. Tham chi cd tinh trang "trd'ng ddnh xudi, ken thdi ngQpc" r i t khdng nen. Ta't ca vi'n de se phu thudc vao chti trQdng ldn ctia tren, sti phdi hdp nhanh nhay ctia cic ban nginh, dia phQdng vd sti lam viec cdng tam ciia dpi ngu cdng chQc, sti ting hd ciia dQ luan xa hpi.
Cd le dd la nhQng nguyen t i e quan trpng, cd the lam hinh m i u de xii ly quan he Viet Nam - Hoa Ky trong tUdng lai.
III. Mxidi ggri y g i a i p h a p c h i n h s a c h h d p t a c vdi H o a Ky
1. Chinh sdch ngogi giao thdn thien vd da phuang, tU cho coi Hoa Ky Id he thil, chuyen sang quan he ddi tdc, cung CO lgi.
Day la giai phdp dau tien, cung la the hien quan he ddi ngoai kieu mdi ciia Viet Nam: Khong cd ke thu truyen kie'p, chi cd ldi ich qud'c gia la vinh ciiu. Do dd, trong quan he vdi Hoa Ky, can cd nghien cQu, chuin hi ky cdng mpi mat de trien khai da dang, ddng bp v i toan dien cic mdi quan he kieu mdi, vi ldi ich ciia hai nQdc, hai dan tpc trong bdi c i n h mdi ctia the gidi. Mpi thai-dp nghi ngd, thieu chan thanh p h i i bi dep bd, bdi le, chinh thai dp chan thanh ciia chung ta se dUdc dap lai tQdng Qng, nha't la vdi Hoa Ky, da't nQdc cd truyen thd'ng ve chu nghia thtic dting hdn ai het. Chinh Hea Ky se nhan biet ngay t h i i dp chan thanh hay khdng ctia chung ta. Ngay khi nQdc My cd tdng thd'ng thudc dang Dan chti, nhUng cupc ddn tiep vi Qng cii vien tdng tho'ng thuoc d i n g Cpng hoa (thua cupc) tren tinh hQu hao da lam cho ca cic ben deu thay an long, dung vdi ta'm long hieu khaeh vd'n cd cua d i n tpc chung ta. T h i i dp tQ khoan dung den thong c i m n h i n viec trao t r i cud'n nhat ky Dang Thuy Tram sau 35 nam giQ gin trong im lang cung la mpt cich Qng xti van hoi, chan chQa tinh con ngQdi, day long vi tha ra't d i n g tran trong.
2. Chinh sdch hgp tdc todn dien, khong ne trdnh, thdng thdn trao doi cdc vdn de dii gai goc vd biet chd dgi ldn nhau.
Quan he hai nQdc da cd luc ciic ky cang thdng, khi ca nQdc "xe dpc TrQdng Sdn di cQu nQdc". NhQng den nay, chung ta cung thd'y cd the thao luan va
tim tha'y d Chinh phu, Qud'c hpi v i nhan dan Hoa Ky nhQ nhQng ben ddi tic rat dang cung nhau trao ddi.
Qua trinh quan he hai nQdc da dien ra lau dai va phQc tap, do dd khdng trinh khdi nhQng van de khd cd tieng ndi chung ngay mdt sdm mdt chidu.
NhQng trong van de nay, tdi cho rang nen cdi md, trinh bay thang than, dQa ra nhieu phQdng an de cic ben cung thao luan v i lUa chpn cac each Qng xii phu hpp vi ldi ich lau dii ciia hai nUdc.
Trdng mpt so' van de qua gai gdc, cung cd the p h i i chd dpi nhau, thi nen tim ra cac tieu van de cd cd hpi thio luan trUde, thoa thuan trUdc.
Ngay trong van de hdp tac an ninh va qud'c phdng, chung ta nen thio luan van de hoan thien cic can cQ Hoa Ky da xay dQng trQdc day, cac vu khi va do quan dung ma trQdc day Hoa Ky da cung cap cho Viet Nam cdng h o i de cd the tiep tuc sti dung vdi trinh dp cao hdn. Trong van de nay, tham chi cd the di vao tQng khia canh nhd, nhQ cti nhQng ngQdi linh tre dQdc chpn Ipc ky (ci ve ehinh tri va nang khie'u) de di tu luyen ngoai ngQ d Hoa Ky. Sau nay, ne'u la phi cdng dap xud'ng phi trUdng Hoa Ky thi cd the nhan dang gipng ndi cac vQng khac nhau (nhQ tieng thd ngQ d ngay Viet Nam cung khdng de chut ndo). Cung cd the thao luan cic van de ve khia canh y te, cQu trd thien tai, cQu trd tren bien, hd trd ngUdi hi t i c dpng bdi chat ddc mau da cam tai hai (nhQng tam thdi cd the chQa c i n b i t bupc p h i i cdng nhan t h i m boa nay la do Hoa Ky gay nen, va ddi bdi thQdng'').
3. Hgp tdc trong kinh te, nhdt Id xudt nhgp khdu, chuye'n giao cong nghe vd thiic hien gidm ngheo Id trgng tdm.
Kinh te, thQdng mai la nhQng trpng tam d i u tien cin hpp tic, nhat la khi
Viet Nam da trd thanh nQde thanh vien ciia WTO. Trong van de nay, cin cd nhQng chuyen gia am hieu cac quy dinh ctia luat phdp Hoa Ky va cac quy dinh rieng biet ciia cac bang de Qng xti cho dung, ma khdng cim thd'y khd chiu, cuol cung gdnh chiu thua thiet.
Trong hdp tac diu tQ va thQdng mai, nen gin vdi viec chuyen giao cdng nghe tQ Hoa Ky. Chdng ban, cdng nghe Trung Qud'c ndi chung khdng kem, nhUng cdng nghe Quing Tdy thi khdng the so sdnh vdi cdng nghe Hoa Ky trong che bien bd-xi't. Viec de cdng ty Hoa Ky rut lui lien .doanh khdi Dac Ndng la mpt thua thiet cin cd nhQng Qng xii thieh hdp de chung ta cd cd hpi tiep can cdng nghe eao. Dd cung l i mpt vi du ve hdp tic trong chuyen giao cdng nghe khi chung ta ky ket thoi thuan kieu chia khoa trao tay. Hdp tae ve cac dang nang iQdng mdi ma tai bang California cd mQc dp sii diing den tren 12% Id mdt linh vtic cdn dQdc quan tam.
Trong qua trinh thUc hien miic tieu thien nien ky MDG, n h i t l i giam ngheo, chung ta cd the cd nhQng hinh thQc hdp tac da dang vdi cac td chQc phi chi'nh phu, cdc td chQc tdn giio va cac doanh nghiep nhd, ke ca ciia Viet Kieu d Hoa Ky.
4. Hgp tdc trong gido due, y te, vdn hod, the due the thao, du lich phdi Id Uu tien vd ddy nhanh vUOt bgc.
CQng vdi linh viic kinh te, cdc van de giao due, y te, van boa, the dtic the thao du lich cd le cin dUdc diy manh hdn bao gid bet. Viec trd ve que nhieu lin ctia Cuu Phd Tdng thd'ng Viet Nam cdng hod Nguyen Cao Ky va viec ve ban que hUdng cua nhac sy Pham Duy da chd tha'y, dd la nhQng linh vtic hodn toan cd the nhanh chdng vQpt qua cac rio cin va md rdng nhanh chdng. Vdi he thdng Internet rpng md, cdc van de y te, gido due, van hod, the due the thao.
52 SO 06-2009 CHAU MY NGAY NAY du lich da trd nen gin gui hdn vdi ca
hai ben. TQ sau sti kien 11/9/2001 cd mpt so' rio can an ninh, nhQng viec n i y cung la binh thQdng vdi mpi nQdc nen hoan todn cd the vQpt qua.
Da't nQdc chung ta mud'n vQdt len tren con dQdng cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda va kinh te tri thQc chi cd the tien bang con dQdng nang cao chi't
•iQdng ngudn nhan liic, hieu theo nghia rdng. Nen gido due Hoa Ky vdi chii nghia thUc dung cd le rat d i n g de chung ta hpc hdi, m i khdng nen chi qua nha'n manh den Harvard hay Standford. Vai trd cua Viet kieu d bang California da trd thanh mdt nhan to' quan trpng de cho thung lung Silicon la diem nhan cua cdng nghe thdng tin vd truyen thdng (ICT). Toan ciu, vdi k h i u hieu "chdng "tach" (ky thuat) - vp "li" (lip rap)", Viet kieu vdi trinh dp khic nhau dd tham gia ngay cang sau vao ICT va cac ky thuat cao d Hoa Ky. Dieu dd cho thay trien vpng hdp tac that sang siia, de sau dd nhQng ngQdi da sang Hoa Ky hdp tac lai trd ve xay dting que hUdng. Cd le phia Hda Ky cung mud'n vay, chQ khdng phai mud'n nhap khau them nhieu lao ddng chuyen mdn thap, it qua dao tao, ngoai ngQ thap kem. Y te, dQpc hpc cung la nhQng linh vQc tien bd cdng nghe cao nhat, ma hdp tac chi cd Ipi.
5. Hgp tdc trong bdo ve moi trUdng, phdt trie'n ndng lugng sach vd phdt
trien ben vUng.
Mac du Hoa Ky khdng tham gia cdng Qdc Kyoto ve mdi trQdng, nhQng thilc te. nQdc n i y dang cd nhQng nd liic vQdt bae de chuyen hQdng sang cdng nghe sach, tieu hao it nang iQpng. Do dd, hdp tdc trdng linh viic bao ve mdi trQdng, tie't kiem n i n g iQdng, sii dung nang'lQdng mdi, n i n g iQpng t i i tao,.._. hoin t o i n Id nhQng linh VQC cd the trien khai nhanh v i
manh me. Ngay diem nguyen tti, cung nen tham k h i o kinh nghiem nQdc nay, ma khdng nhi't thiet chi qua Nhat Ban, Han Qud'c hay Nga, P h i p . Viec xii ly an t o i n c h i t thai hat n h i n va nhan cung ca'p cic thanh nhien lieu la cic van de cd the t h i o luan, theo kinh nghiem nQdc ban da cd y dd xti ly cac t h a n h nhien lieu vdi Bic Trieu tien. Dieu nay la quan trpng, vi tinh ve thdng the, Viet Nam da den giai doan can nhap k h i u nang iQdng.
6. Hgp tdc trong cdc to chUc qudc te vd quan he vdi ddi tdc thd ba.
Hda Ky cd mat trong hau bet cic td chQc qud'c te m i Viet Nam cd mat (cd le trQ UNESCO). Trong cic to'chQc nay, nha't Id td chQc ctia LHQ, chung ta can tham van cac y kie'n ciia Hoa Ky de cd tieng ndi chung mang tinh xay dting, hQdng tdi ddng thuan.
Viec Hoa Ky dang cd y dinh cd mdi quan he dac biet vdi ASEAN, APEC nen dQdc xem Id cd hpi de Viet Nam va Hoa Ky ludn cd nhQng tham vi'n chinh tri va toan dien tren tinh than xay diing.
7. Hop tdc trong cdc vdn di chinh tri vd quan he vdi ngUdi Viet d Hoa Ky.
NgQdi Viet Nam d nQdc ngoai cd tdi 3 trieu ngQdi ma 2/3 dang sinh sdng v i Idm viec tai Hoa Ky.
Chung ta cd qiii nhieu giai p h i p de cung Hoa Ky trien khai cic va'n de ve day tieng Viet, v i n hoa Viet cho ngQdi Viet xa que hUdng, ve viec huy dpng da dang cpng ddng hai trieu Viet kieu n i y cd nhieu kinh nghiem da dang ve xay dting que hQdng, trtlc tie'p hay giin tiep, dai ban hay n g i n ban.
Qua hdp tac, se l i giii phap de khep lai nhQng ndi dau cdn h i n s i u trong qua khQ. Tim kie'm, hoa hdp cic gia dinh ly tan trong chie'n tranh ca hai phia cung la nhQng hoat dpng dang lam, m i viec xii ly nghia trang Bien Hoa la mpt vi du can dUdc nhan rpng va hoin thien hdn.
8. Hop tdc trong vd'n di ton gido vd sde tgc.
Trong cae van de cdn r i t nhay cam cd van de tdn giao va sac tpc. Chung ta c i n cd nhQng nd lilc tQ mpi phia, nhieu giii phap da dang de thu phuc n h a n tdm.
Viec cho p h e p cac td chQc tQ t h i e n v i tdn giao b o a t ddng rdng rai se la mdt bien p h a p de md m a n g q u a n he.
B i o ve an n i n h luc dd p h i i dtla vdo dan, chQ k h d n g t h e k h o d n t r a n g cho cac iQc iQdng an n i n h , du ddng dao.
C i n xti ly tdt hdn van de tdn giao d cac vung ddng bao dan tpc thieu sd, nha't la khi nhieu can bp chuyen trach lai rat kem tieng dan tdc. Ldi sdng "ba cung" trUdc day d i bi phai lat, vd . nhQng vung can cQ cu lai trd t h d n h xa
la, khi eac quan chQc luc nay phan ldn la "bam" cdc t h d n h phd. Ddng bao thieu sd bi "diy" mpt each tU nhien xa dUdng qud'e Id' dang la nhQng khd k h a n khdch quan. Trong khi dd, nhieu ngUdi nQdc ngodi, ke ca cong dan Hoa Ky lai thao tieng dan tpc va bieu ldi sd'ng "ba cung".
Day la v i n de e i n dUdc nghien cQu sau hdn. Nhieu khi cac vi'n de phQc tap lai b i t ngudn tQ chinh cac sai lam, thieu sdt trong trien khai chinb sach tdn gido, ehinh saeh dan tdc dung dan ctia Dang, thdng qua he thd'ng can bp da bi quan lieu hod.
9. Hgp tdc trong vdn di an ninh vd qudn sU
An ninh va Qud'c phdng cd ve "te nhi", nhUng biet cdch lUa chpn budc di tbi hoan toan cd t h e lam td't.
TrUdc bet la van de ehd'ng khiing bd'. Van de t r a o ddi t h d n g tin, ngan c h i n tQ gd'c cac td chQc da bi len an la dieu cdn t h i e t phai trien k h a i .
V i n de cap cQu t r e n bien, phdng chdng thien tai, van cie h u a n luyen quan sQ ve ngoai ngQ, y te, rdi den cae khi tai va cudi cung ca vu k h i dan dQde cung k h d n g t h e k h d n g lam dQpc.
Cd t h e ndi, c h a n g b a n khi 50"n la vu khi tQ thdi Lien Xd cu t r a n g bi, tbi cung cdn 50% k h a c Id khi tai chien ldi p h a m t r o n g chien t r a n h , nay da qua 34 n a m s a u n g a y t o a n t h a n g , r a t can dUdc t a i t r a n g bi.
Sil hpp tac trong linh vQc nay, ludn n h i n m a n h khdng nham lam phQdng hai ben thQ ba se la linh viic bdp tac to ldn. Viec Viet Nam cd the nhd Nga ddng mdi 6 chie'c tau n g i m (theo bdo chi nQdc ngoai) thi viec tai trang hi quan sii vdi vu khi va thiet bi cd ngudn gd'c Hoa Ky cung khdng nen xem thQdng.
10. Hgp tdc todn dien, nhiing vdn khong rdi bo nguyen tdc dgc lap ddn tgc, cdc ben ciing co lgi vd khong xdm hgi lgi ich cita ben thU ba trong dieu kitin todn cdu hod.
Ta't ca cae g i i i p h a p da neu se dUdc thiic hien mpt each uyen chuyen.
q u i n ly chat che, dieu chinh theo cac dien bien, Ta't c i vi sQ nghiep xay diing va b i o ve td qud'e, vi ldi ich ctia cae ben, vi boa binh, dn dinh, hdp tdc va phdt trien t r o n g thdi dai toan c i u boa va bdi n h a p qud'c te,
Ldm d u n g nhU vay, khong bao gid sd sai l i m , vi sai thi siia de cho ngay eing. td't hdn. Dd la nguyen tac can t u a n t h u cua thdi dai mdi •
Chd thich:
1) Vi p h a m vi cua b.ni viei. c u n g n h i f v i tri cuji minli. t;ic gia khong CO dieu kien tri'cil d.an. ho.ac vien dan caf van kien, y kien co lien q u a n cua lanh dE]0 cap cao. R.ai viet nay chi co y nghia la cat- .suy luan v.a phan tiili khoa hoc. dong gop cho do lai khoa hoc. Neu cfi gi chua c h u a n .\ac thi do I.i ngoai y muon cua l;i<' gia. Va noi d u n g liai viet nay la y kien ca nlian.
2) Xuat n h a p kh.au h a n g hoa Vict .Nam 20 nam doi mdi.
N h a xuat han Tho'ng ke. Ha Noi. 200(i. (rang 2li :5) Vdi Nhat ban, chi'ing ta da .\d !y van de UiOng tu ve !)6i
t h d d n g chien t r a n h khji n h a n h gon
.1) 0 Tay Nguyen. na>' khi clii cti 1 trieu ngiidi hi tllieu so lian dia. thi cU d a n lit nguili l\inh id 1 trieu da t a n g len .3-1 trieu va chioin cd cac true lo. cac do thj, T h d c chat ila "day" dong bao vao .sau, lam cho viec quan ly vii liop ta(- vdi ngddi nifdc ngoai t h e m khd k h a n . Tiiy Ngu>('>n da trU thimh v u n g Co it dii an FDI, Oil/X vao loai nhat nitdc cung vi vay. Dong l)ao khdng dddc hifdng Ihu nhieu t h a n h qua cua Doi mdi da lam kho t h e m cho ciic dd an hop tac vdi nifdc ngoai, t r o n g do cd Hoa Ky.
