Van hoa - Xa h6i NGHliN CUU TRAO B 6 |
NANG CAO HIEU QUA HOP TAG, LIEN KET DAO TAO DAI HQC
NCS. ThS. Nguyen Vdn Biip *
Tom t5t: Bai viet xem xet van de nang cao hieu qua hgp tac, lien ket ve cac chuang trinh dao tao cua Trudng D^i hpc Kinh doanh va Cdng nghe Ha Ndi vdi cac to chuc giao due dai hgc nudc ngoai trong qua trinh hgi nhap va doi radi giao due dai hpc hien nay.
Tir khoa: Hieu qua hgp tac, ca che chinh sach, chuang trinh dao t ^ , nhu cau xa hoi.
Abstract: The article examines the improvement of cooperation efficiency and the linkage ofHUBT's training programmes with higher education institutions offorei^
countries in the integration and innovation of higher education nowadays.
Keywords: effectiveness of cooperation, policy mechanism, training programme, social needs.
1. Dat van de
Chien lugc phat trien giao due Viet Nam 2009-2020 da chi ra rang cudc each mang khoa hgc - cong nghe tiep tuc phat trien manh me, lara nen tang cho su phat tnen kinh te tri thiic. Su phat trien ciia khoa hpc - cong nghe da lara thay doi manh me npi dung, phuang phap giao due trong cac trudng, dong thdi doi hoi giao due phai cung cap dugc nguon nhan luc CO trinh dp eao.
Trong boi canh canh tranh kinh te giira cac quoc gia ngay cang trd nen quyet liet, doi hoi cac nudc phai doi mdi cong nghe de tang nang suat lao dong, dat ra nhiing yeu eau mdi doi vdi giao due.
Cac nudc deu xem phat trien giao due la nhiem vu trgng tara ciia chien lugc phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, danh cho giao due nhiing dau tu uu tien, day manh cai each giao due nham gianh uu the canh tranh tren trudng quoc te.
LL Md hinh nghien cuu vdgia thuyet Tac gia phat trien cac gia thuyet nhu sau:
- Ca che chinh sach cd anh hudng true tiep den hieu qua hgp tac dao tao vdi nude ngoai;
- Nhu cau eiia hgc vien cd anh hudng true tiep den hieu qua hop tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai;
- Chuang trinh dao tao cd anh hudng true tiep den hieu qua hgp tac dao tao vdi nude ngoai;
- Quoe gia cap bang (nai hoc tap) co anh hudng true tiep den hieu qua hgp tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai,
- Chi phi dao tao cd anh hudng true tiep den hieu qua hap tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai
1.2. Phuffng phdp nghien cmi Trong bai viet, su dung phuang phap nghien cuu thuc nghiera va khao sat du lieu sa cap djnh lugng de giai quyet van de dat ra d tren.
* Chi^en vien Vien hgp tac quoc te, Truona DH KD&CN Ha Noi
Tap chi Kmh doanh va Cong nghe So 04/2019
89
NGHliN ClHl TRAO OOI Van hoa ~ i h6i (i) Thiet ke bdng hoi dua tren cac ccr sd
ly luan ve hop tac dao tao quoc ti. Sau do dugc thiet ke theo thang do 5 miic do (tii 1:
khong dong y den 5: hoan toan d6ng y).
(li) Mdu dieu tra duoc tien hanh lua chon trong so hon 200 sinh vien/hoc vien da va dang theo hoc cac chuong trinh lien ket dao tao ciia Trudng Dai hoc Kinh doanh va Cong nghe Ha Noi. Tren co so do, tac gia lua chon 150 mau de khao sat, nghien ciiu.
(iii) Phan tich du lieu theo noi dung sau:
- Phdn tich do tin cdy.
- Phdn tich nhdn to khdm phd.
- Hoi quy tuyen tinh.
Bdng 1. Thong
2. Phan tich mau khao sat Trong nghien cuu, tac gia su dung cac cau hoi dua tren cao tai lieu va phuang phap nghien oiiu trudc do. Bang cau hoi bao gom hai phSn Phan thii nhat, cau hoi ve cac yeu to anh hudng den hieu qua hgp tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai.
Phin thii hai, cau hdi bao gom cac thong tin ve ca nhan, nhu gidi tinh, tudi tac, quoc gia lien ket dao tao va chuang trinh dao tao. Dieu tra dugc tien hanh vdi sinh vien dang theo hoc va nhiing sinh vien/
hoc vien da tdt nghiep ve nudc Sau do, cac dii lieu thu thap duoc phan tich bang phan mem SPSS,
tin ve ngu'oi hoc Dac tinh
Gioi tinh
Do tuoi
Noi den hoc
Chuong trinh hop tac dao tao
Nam Nit Tone cong 22 23-30 Tren 30 Tong cong Trung Quoc Dai Loan Khac Tong cong 2+2*
1+3 * Khac Tong cong
Tan so (lan) 62 88 150 20 66 64 150 47 69 34 150 113 18 19 150
Co-cau(»/o) 41.3 58.7 100.0
13.3 44.0 42.7 100.0
31.3 46.0 22.7 100.0
70.3 12 12.7 100.0
* Ghi chu: 2 ndm hgc trong nuac vd 2 ndm hgc ngodi nu&c (2+2) hogc 1 nam hgc trong nu&c vd 3 ndm hgc ngodi nir&c (1+3), deu ldy hdng nu&c ngodi.
2.1. Phdn tich dp tin cay
Trong nghien cuu, phuang phap nguyen tSc thanh phan duac sii dung de
Ngudn : Phdn tich SPSS phan tich nhan to khara pha. Ba nhan to chinh vdi 24 thanh td dugc dua vao he thong. 21 thanh to ctia mo hinh duac phan tich Ket qua eho thay gia tri Kaiser- Meyer-Olkin la 0,929 va thii nghiem ciia Bartlett eo y nghia thdng ke 6 mue 0,000.
Cac giatri rieng yeu to Idn han boac bing
Kmh doonh va Cong i 90
Van hoa - Xa hoi N G H I E N Ciiu TRAO D 6 I 1,0 va cac bien vdi tai nhan td Idn han 0,5
CO 2 thanh to ciia eac nhan td tai nhd han 0,5 da duac loai bo khdi rao hinh
Phan tich nhan to nara yeu td. Ket qua ciia phan tich nhan to cho thay nam yeu to, chiem 67,166% tong phuong sai. Cac yeu to mo hinh duge dan nhan la "CCCS"
(32,308), "NCHV" (12,502), "CTDT"
(9,622), "QG" (7,427) va "CPDT"
(5,309). De kiem tra dp tin cay va tinh thong nhat ndi bd ciia tiing yeu to, da tien hanh kiem dinh Cronbach's a (alpha). Ket qua cho thay cac he so a cua "CCCS" la 0,888; 0,812 doi vdi "NCHV", 0,711 ddi vdl "CTDT", 0,679 doi vdi "QG" va .695 doi vdi "CPDT" (B 2).
Bdng 2. Phan tich nhan to cua mo hinh SERVQUAL Thanh to
CCCSl CCCS2 CCCS3 CCCS4 CCCS5 NCHVl NCHV2 NCHV3 NCHV4 NCHV5 CTDTl CTDT2 CTDT3 OGl 0G2 0G3 CPDTl CPDT2 CPDT3 Gia tri neng VE Phuang sai giai thich (%)*
Component CCCS
882 824 .769 ,763 ,734
6 138 32,308 .888
NCHV
,790 775 671 .637 ,602
2 375 12,502 812
CTDT
,842 ,720 709
1,828 9,622 ,711
QG
,812 710 ,702
1411 7,427 679
CPDT
,727 ,666 590 1,009 5 309
,695 long phuang sai giai thich = 67.166, KMO = .929, p = .000
Nguon : Phdn lich SPSS
Top chi [ 9 1 Kmh doanh vd Cong nghe
So 04/2019
N G H I E N CUU TRAO OOI Van hoa ' Ket qua cua phan tich nhan to d B,
2 va B, 3 Ket qua cho thay cac he s6 Cronbach's a dao dong trong khoang 0,888-0,679. Vi vay, chimg minh rang tat ca oac yeu to da dugc chap nhan va dang
Ciing qua B, 3, cd the thiiy - ^ig 1^
oac he sd tuong quan ciia cac bien roi trong khoang 0,3-0,7 (r > 0,3) va su tuong quan cd y nghTa d mile 0,05, Dieu do chiing td r8ng muc do da cdng hien cd trong cac tin cay theo khuyen cao cua Nunnally bien la chip nhan dugc va se khdng anh (1978), hudng d6n phan tich hdi quy sau day,
Bdng 3. TuoTig quan cac bien
Yeu to
C C C S N C H V C T D T OG CPDT HOHTDTNN
T u o n g quan CPDT
1 412**
312**
242*
4 7 6 * * 2 1 7 * *
CTDT
1 335* + 400**
432**
452**
CTDT
1 227**
499**
340**
QG
1 315**
228**
CPDT
1 486**
HQHTDTNN
1
* T u a n g quan la y nghia d muc 0 05 (24ailed),
** Tuong quan l a y n g h i a d m i i c 0 0] (2-tailed).
2.2. Phdn tick hoi quy
a) Ca che chinh sdch vd hieu qud hgp tdc ddo tgo v&i nu&c ngodi
De kiem tra mdi quan he ciiayeu td ca che chinh sach trong mo hinh vdi hieu qua hgp tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai (HI), hoi quy lay ket qua hop tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai la bien phu thuoc va yeu td ca che chinh sach la bien dpc lap (B, 4). Ket qua la, eac sd lieu thdng ke ciia F ^ 156.870 d miic p ^ 0.00. Dieu nay chi ra rang rao hinh giiip giai thich rapt so su thay doi Bdng 4. Cc ehe chinh sach va hieu
trong hieu qua hgp tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai. Ben canh dd, he sd dieu chinh xac dinh (dieu chinh R2) cho thay 51,1% su khac biet trong hieu qua hgp tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai dugc giai thich bang mo hinh hdi quy. He sd chuan hoa (|3) cho cae yeu td ca che chinh sach la 0,717 (p
<0.01) cho thay c6 y nghTa thong ke. Co the ket luan rang gia thuyet 1 duoc ho trp khi tuyen bo "ea che chinh sach trong mo hinh CO tac dong dang ke den hieu qua hap tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai"
qua hop tac dao tao voi nuoc ngoai Coefficients"
Model
1 (Constant) C C C S RV Adjusted ^
F/Sig.
a, Bien phu thudc: t
Cac he so hoi quy chua chuan hoa
B 1,570
692
Std. Error 304 055
Cac he so hoi quy chuan hoa
P
.717 5 1 5 / 5 1 1
156,8707,000
lieu qua hop tac dao tao vdi n u d c ngoai t
,159 12,525
Sig.
.000 ,000
Tap Kmh doanh va Cong ng- 92
Van hoa — Xd hoi NGHIEN CUU TRAO DOI b) Chuang trtnh ddo tgo vd hieu qud
hgp tdc ddo (go v&i nu&c ngodi H2 kiem djnh mdi quan he cua cac yeu to chuang trinh dao tao va hieu qua hop tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai (H2). Mo hinh hoi quy dua hieu qua hap tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai la bien phu thupc va nhu cau hpc vien la bien doc lap. Ket qua dugc trinh bay trang B. 5 Cac so lieu thong ke cua F ^ 37,950 CO y nghia d miic p ^ 0 00. Dieu nay chi ra rang mo hinh giiip giai thich mpt so su thay
Bdng 5. Chuong trinh dao tao va hieu
dai trong hieu qua hop tac dao tao vdi nude ngoai Ben canh do, he so dieu chinh xac dinh (diau ehinh R2) eho thay 19,9% su khac biet trong hieu qua hop tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai dugc giai thich bang mo hinh hoi quy.
He so chuan hoa (P) cho cac yeu to ehuang trinh dao tao la 0,452 (p < 0,01) cho thay co y nghTa. C6 the ket luan rang gia thuyet 2 duac ho trg khi hiyen bo rang "chuang trinh dao tao CO mpt tac dong dang ke den hieu qua hgp tac dao tao vdi nude ngoai"
qua hop tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai Coefficients'*
Model 1 (Constant)
CTDT
Cac he so hoi quy chua chuan hoa
B 3,022
471
Std. Error .380 .076
Cac he so hoi quy chuan hoa
P
,452
t 7,957 6,160
Sig.
,000 ,000 RV Adjusted 2 ,204/199
F/Sig, 37 950/,000
a, Bien phu thudc Hieu qua hap tac dao tao vdi nirdc ngoai c) Nhu cdu cua hgc vien vd hieu qud
hgp (dc ddo tgo v&i niedc ngodi De kiem tra cac moi quan he cua yeu to nhu cau ciia hoc vien den hpc trong mo hinh va hieu qua hgp tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai
so su thay doi trong hieu qua hgp tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai. Ben canh do, he so dieu chinh (dieu ehinh R2) cho thay 11% su khac biet trong hieu qua hap tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai dugc giai thich bang mo hinh hoi quy He so (H3), mo hinh hoi quy dat hieu qua hop tac chuan hoa (|3) cho cac yeu to nhu cau cua hpc dao tao vdi nudc ngoai la bien phu thuoc va vien la 0,340 (p< 0 01) cho thay mirc y nghia yeu to quoc gia la bien doc lap. Ket qua dugc thong ke. Do do, c6 the ket luan rang gia thuyet trinh bay trong B, 6. Cac so lieu thong ke gia 3 duoc ho tro gia thuyet "yeu to nhu cau ciia trj F -19,389 co y nghTa d muc p = 0.00. Dieu hpc vien den hoc c6 tac dong dang ke den hieu nay co nghia rang mo hinh giup giai thich mpt qua hop tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai".
X 6. Nhu cau eua hoc vien va hieu qua hop tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai Coefficients"
Model
Cac he so hoi quy chua chuan hoa
Std. Error
Cac he so hoi quy
chuan hoa Sig.
(Constant) 3 236 480 6.749 ,000
NCHV 4 403 ,000
RVAdjusted' 116/110 F/Sig, 19 389/000
a, Bien phu thudc Hieu qua hgp tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai.
Tap chi : 9 3 Kinh doanh vd Cong nghe ;
So 04/2019 •:
N G H l i N CUU TRAO DOI Van hoa - d) Yeu to quoc gia den hoc vd hieu qud
hcrp tdc ddo tgo v&l nuoc ngodi Md hinh thir tu kiem dinh moi quan he cua yeu td quoc gia den hgc va hieu qua hop tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai (H4), Md hinh hdi quy su dung hieu qua hgp tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai la bien phu thudc vayeu td qudc gia den hoc la bien doc lap (B, 7), Ket qua chi ra rang cac sd lieu thdng ke gia tri F= 8,038 cd y nghTa d muc p = 0,005, giai thich mdt sd su thay ddi trong hieu qua
hgp tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai 1 canh dd, he so didu chinh xac dinh (dieu chinh R2) cho thiy 0,4% su khac biet trong hieu qua hop tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai dugc giai thich bing mo hinh hoi quy. He sd chuan hda p cho yeu td qudc gia den hoc la 0,228 (p < 0,01), Cd the ket luan rang gia thuydt 4 duac ho tra mdt phan khi cho ring "yeu to quoc gia den hoc cd mdt tac ddng dang ke den hieu qua hgp tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai"
Bdng 7. Yen to quoc gia den hoc va hieu quii hop tac dao tao vol nu'dc ngoai Coefficients^
Model
1 (Constant) QG
Cac he so hoi quy chua chuan hoa
B 4,326
,222
Std. Error ,359
078
Cac he so hoi quy chuan hoa
P
,228
t
12,057 2,843
Sig.
,000 ,005 RVAdjusted ^ ,025/,045
F/Sig, 8,038/005
a Bien phu thudc- Hieu qua hgp tac dao tao vdi n u d c ngoai.
e) Yeu to chi phi ddo tgo vd hieu qud hgp tdc ddo tgo vai nuac ngodi
Mo hinh euoi ciing nghien cim la moi quan he ciia yeu to chi phi dao tao vdi hieu qua hgp tae dao tao vdi nudc ngoai (H4).
Mo hinh hoi quy dua hieu qua hgp tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai la bien phu thupc va yeu td chi phi dao tao la bien doe lap (B.
8). Ket qua la, cac so lieu thong ke ciia gia tri F^ 45,869 cd y nghTa d miic p ^ 0.00.
Dieu nay tiet Id rang mo hinh giiip giai Bdng 8. Yeu to chi phi dao tao va hieu
thich mpt so sir thay doi trong hieu qua hgp tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai. Ben canh do, he sd dieu chinh xac dinh (dieu ehinh R2) cho thay 23,1% cua phuang sai trong hieu qua hgp tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai dugc giai thich bang mo hinh hoi quy He sd chuan hoa P cho cac yeu to chi phi dao tao la 0,486 (p < 0.01) la co y nghia. C6 the ket luan rang gia thuyet 5 dugc ho trg "JQVL td chi phi dao tao cd tac ddng dang ke den hieu qua hgp tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai".
qua hop tac dao tao vdi nirdc ngoai Coefficients'*
Model
1 (Constant) C P D T
Cac he so hoi quy chua chuan hoa
B 2,275
,570
Std. Error 455 084
Cac he so hoi quy chuan hoa
P
486
t
4,998 6.773
Sig.
,000 ,000 RVAdjusted = ,237/231
F/Sig, 45,869/ 000
a, Bien phu thudc- Hieu qua hap tac dao tao vdi n u d c ngoai.
tap .V g ^ Kthh doonh vd Cong ngi
Vdn tioa - Aa hpi N G H l i N CCrU TRAO D O I 3. Ket qua kiem dinh mo hinh
nghien ciru
Tli cac ket qua phan tich md hinh, c6 the khang djnh rang ca 5 yeu td ea che ehinh sach, nhu cau ciia ngudi hpc.
ehuang trinh dao tao, quoc gia (nai den hgc) cap bang va ehi phi dao tao deu co anh hudng true tiep den hieu qua hgp tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai, d miic hd trg
Bdng 9. Ket qua cua gia thuyet nghien ciiu duoc kiem djnh Gia thuyet
HI H2 H3 H4 H5
Anh hirdtig toi hieu qua hop tac dao tao voi nuox: ngoai Ca che chinh sach- anh hudng true tiep
Nhu cau ciia ngudi hoc: anh hudng true tiep Chuang trinh dao tao: anh hudng true tiep Qudc gia (nai den hoe) cap bang anh hudng true tiep Chi phi dao tao: anh hudng true tiep
Ket qua Hd tro Hdtro Ho tra Ho tra Ho trg 4. Ket luan
Ket qua nghien ciiu cho thay hieu qua hop tac dao tao vdi nudc ngoai phu thuoc vao cac yeu to theo thu tu tii cao den thap nhu sau:
1) Ca che chinh sach ed tac dgng cao nhat (P ^ 0,717). De hgp tac qudc te trang dao tao thanh cong thi nha trudng can c6 cac ca che ehinh sach thong thoang, ho tro hpc vien, giam thieu nhiing thii tuc hanh chinh, giiip cho sinh vien cam thay thoai mai va tm tudng vao chat lupng dao tao tai trudng
2) Nhu cau cua hpe vien (P = 0 486), Hien nay boat dpng giao due dac biet la hgp tac quoc te ve dao tao dang cd su canh tranh manh me. Vi vay, de thu hiit ngudi hpc, ben canh viec nang cao chat lugng cac dich vu tien ich va ea che chinh sach, thi viec tim hieu nhu cau, mong mudn eiia ngudi hgc la quan trpng va cap bach,
3) Chuang trinh dao tao (p - 0,452).
Trudng Dai hgc Kinh doanh va cong nghe Ha Ndi eo nhieu mo hinh hop tac quoc te ve dao tao, nhu: 2+2, 1+3, 1+3 trao doi sinh vien, hpc thae sT tai Viet Nam lay
bang Dai Loan, dao tao sinh vien eho nudc ngoai tai trudng (Lao, Campuchia, Trung Qudc, Nhat Ban,.,,), Cac chuang trinh dao tao ngay cang duge nang cao ca ve so luang va chat lugng, hinh thiic dao tao da dang, khien cho trudng ludn la dia chi do cho cac hpc vien,
4) Qudc gia (nai den hoc) cap bang (P = 0,340) Trudc kia phan Idn sinh vien khi mudn du hgc nudc ngoai deu nghT den cac nudc Chau Au va Hoa Ky, nhung tu khi trudng lira chon cac nudc va lanh tho CO nen giao due tien tien, nhu: Dai Loan,., thi ro rang smh vien da nhan thiie ra nai den hoc chua han la yeu to quyet dinh quan trpng nhat, ma chuang trinh dao tao va ca che chinh sach cua trudng den hoc doi vdi ngudi du hoc mdi dang quan tam.
5) Chi phi dao tao (0,228) la yeu td bi danh gia thap nhat Dieu nay dugc giai thich la khi ngudi hoc da c6 nhu cau xuat ngoai de lay bang nude ngoai, thi da suy nghT va chuan bi ky ve mat tai chinh. Do do, chi phi dao tao thudng khong phai la yeu to quan trong nhat ddi vdi hp niia /.
Tap chi I 9 5 Kmh doanh vd Cong nghe \
So 04/2019 i
NGHliN CUU TRAO D 6 I Vdn hbd -
Tai lieu tham khao
l.^Nghi quyet Dai hoi Dang CSVN Ian thii IX, XI va cac bai viet cua cac tac gia Nguyen Thi Binh, Hoang Tuy, Tran Hdng Quan, Pham Minh Hac, Nguyen Thien Nhan, Pham Vu Luan, Nguyin Tran Bat, Van Nhu Cuang, Nguyen Minh Thuyet, Mai Trong Nhuan, J. Knight, Hans De Wit, Zha Qiang, ..
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Princeton, N.J, Princeton University Press, 1957, Ngay nhan bai: 05/5/2019
Tap c h i i OA Kinh doanh va Cong nghe I
So 04/2C ^
