NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT
KY KET Hap DONG THONG QUA PHlTONG THllfC OIEN TUf
TVinmg Nhat Quang*
Huynh Thong**
• Luat sU Cong ty luat TNHH YKVN.
«* Luat su* Cdng ty luat TNHH YKVN.
Thong tin bki vi^t:
Tit khoa; Hpp dong difn tut, chir ky difn tiir, B$ lupt Dan sy, Lu^t Giao djch difntu
Lfch su bdi viet:
Nh^nbai Bifn tip Duyf t bai
: 15/5/2020 : 22/5/2020 : 23/5/2020
Tom t i t :
Bai vift phdn tich quy djnh cua phap lu^t hifn hdnh vd thyc tien xft xir cua toa dn, qua dd khing dinh: Cdc quy djnh chung ciia Bp lu^it Dan su nam 2015 t^o ca so phap ly cho vifc sit dyng chit ky scan va chii ky hinh dnh cho hpp dong l^p bang van bdn. Cdc dn If va ban dn ciiz Toa dn nhan ddn toi cao dua ra trong thin gian gan day cho thdy, toa an ngay cang xem xft bdn chat cua sy chip diugn hon la hinh thiic ciia sy chap thu|in vd chii ky khong quan trpng df xdc djnh hifu lyc ciia hpp dong. Cdch tiep can nay giup h£in chf riii ro hpp ddng bj vo hifu khi c6 van de ve hinh thiic thoa thu^n. Day la cdch tifp cfn can liep tyc dupc khing djnh vd nhan rpng trong thai gian t6i'.
Article Infomation:
Keywords; electronic contract;
electronic signature; the Civil Code;
Law on Electronic Transaction
Article History;
Received Edited Approved
15 May. 2020 22 May. 2020 23 May. 2020
Abstract:
This article provides an analysis of the applicable legal provisions and judicial practices of the courts, thereby it is to confinn: the general provisions of the Civil Code of 2015 provide the legal ground for the use of scanned and pictured signatures for the written contracts. The recent case law and the judgments by the Supreme People's Court show that the courts have focused on reviewing the nature of contract acceptance rather than the method of acceptance of a contract and the signature is not important to determine the validity of ihe contract. This approach is reducing the potential risks for the contracts of being declared as non-validity when there is an issue recognized in the form of the contractual agreement. This is an approach that needs to be further confirmed and spread for application in the future.
T
idn ich ma cdng nghe thdng tin vi tmyen thdng hi^n dgi dem lgi da giup hidi thinh nhiing thdi quen giao dich mdi. Cic ben trong giao dich cd khuynh hudn^ thyc hidn viec trao ddi thdng tin, ky hgp ddng vi lim tru thdng tm giao dich dudi dgng didn tu thudng xuyen han. He qui liviec su dyng chii ky dugc tao bang cie phucmg thuc didn td (hay ggi chung la ehu ky dien tu) dd ky hgp ddng ciing ngay cing trd nen phd bidn hem.
Trong boi cinh Viet Nam va nhidu qudc gia khac van dang ip dung cac bidn phip gian cich xa hdi va hgn chd di chuyen tren
Npi dung dupc trinh bdy trong bdi vift nay thf hifn quan dif m cd nhan cua cdc tac gid va khong nhdt thiet d^i difn cho quan diem ciia Cong ty Ludt TNHH YKVN. Cdc tdc gid xin cam on chi Nguyfn Trinh Thiiy Tien da nghifn cuu va giup cdc tdc gid vift bai bdo nay.
S 6 1 0 ( 4 1 0 ) - T 5 / 2 0 2 O \ ^ L A P P H A P N G H I E N cini I i q
NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT phgm vi toan ciu nhim phdng tiinh nguy co lay lan djch b^nh Covid-19, xu hudng su dyng chu ky di^n tu dy kien se \ an iiep tyc phit trien tron§ thdi gian tdi. Da\ la giii phip phu hgp dd cic ben cd thd ky hgp ddng mi khdng can ggp mat tryc tidp.
1. Thong 1$ sir d^ng chir ky difn tit Hien nay, cic ben trong giao djch cd the ky cic hgp dong bang chii ky di?n ni theo 3 cich thlic phd bidn li: chir ky scan, chu ky hinh iiih vi chu ky so. Quy trinh ky ket hgp dong bing cac logi chir ky di?n ni niy thdng thudng dugc thyc hidn nhu sau:
- Chir ky so: (i) cic ben su dyng mgt ndn ting vi thiet bj chuyen dyng do cdng ty cung cap djch vy chung thyc chii ky sd cung cap de tgo ehu ky sd; (ii) chii ky sd dugc tgo ra sau dd dugc chen dudi dgng didn tu vao hgp dong cin ky. Chii ky sd it dugc su dung trong giao ket hgp dong cd gii trj ldn vi phuc tgp mi chii yeu duge su dyng khi td chuc ngp td khai hai quan, bio hidm xa hgi, ngp thue qua mgng, phit hinh hda don di?n tu vi to chuc, ci nhin thyc hi?n giao dich didn tu qua h^ thdng ngan hing.
- Chd-ky scan: (i) hgp ddng dugc ngudi ky in ra td t?p dir lidu didn tu va ngudi k^
ciia moi ben ky tryc tiep trdn van bin giay cua hgp dong bang ehii ky sdng; va (ii) hgp dong cung vdi chir ky trdn hgp don^ se dugc chuydn thinh dgng di?n hi (vi dy: bang cich quet hinh (scaiming) vi ban qudt hinh (tep du lidu didn tu) ciia hgp ddng da ky, sau dd dugc gui di bang thu didn tu. Chii ky scan dugc su dyng nhidu trong hgp ddng cd nhidu ben va cac bdn khdng d ciing mdt dja diem dd ed thd cung ky trdn mdt bin cua hgp ddng. Chii ky scan dac bi?t thdng dung uong cac hgp dong lidn quan den giao dich da qudc gia va cd yeu td nude ngoii ve mat chil thd.
- ChCc AT hinh dnh: (i) ngudi ky chen hinh inh chii ky ciia ngudi ky vao d chii ky cua l?p du lidu didn tu ciia hgp dong; vi (ii) tdp du li?u didn tu cua hgp ddng (cd chii ky bang chu ky hinh inh trdn hgp ddng didn tu
o n I NOHltN cuv I
' ^ | L ^ P H A P _ S4l0(d10)-T5/2020
dd) dugc gui di bing t^ir. d.?n nr. .^„g hinh inh dugc su dyng nhieu ttong iw^^ j ^ cd gii ui khdng ldn nhung dirdcJ9' y,5ng vi l$p di lgp lai. d^ng thm ngj^ J ^ ^g •„
d cdng mgt dja didm ma hgp <io"S vi ky bing chu ky sdng. . . • <
tri 16n v4 phuc t?p cho ^^h'}°'lu^\,ii Snh thuc ph6 bien nhat, chu k y . h . ^ J T . ' ph6 bi^n hon V a chu ky so it P^" ^™ ™ ^ Ngugc l?i, chu ky s6 thong dvng honchu ky scan vd chu ky hinh inh trong cac hgp dong dan svr c6 tinh chit tieu dung.
2. Gii trj cua chir ky s6, chii- ky scan vi chir kv hinh anh theo phip lu?t Vift Nam IChung phap iy diSu chinh chil l<y dl?n hi gom: Bp iu?t Dan sv nam 2015 (BLDS 2015); Luat Giao dich di$n tu nam 2005 (Lujt GDDT 2005) va cdc nghi dinh hudng dan bao g6m: Nghi dinh s6 130/2018/ND-CP ngiy 27/9/2018 ciia Chinh phii quy dinh chi tiet thi hanh Luat GDDT 2005 ye chil ky s6 vi dich vy chung th\tc chir ky s6 (Nghi dinh 130) vi Nghi dinh s6 52/2013/ND-CP ngiy 16/5/2013 cua Chinh phu \l thuomg mai di?n til (Nghi dinh 52). BLDS 2015 diSu chinh tat ca cac loai giao dich vi hgrp dong, bao gom^ ci cic giao dich va hgp dong dugc ky ket bang chu ky song vi cac giao dich va hgp dong dugc ky kSt thong qua phugng tien dien tu. Luat GDDT 2005, Nghi dinh 130 vi Nghi dinh 52 dieu chinh cu the van de chir ky dien tu vi cic giao dich di$n tu.
Nhin chung, phap luat Viet Nam chi mod cong nhan hieu luc cua cac hgp dong dugc lap bang hinh thuc di?n tu vi dugc ky bing chil ky so. Hieu luc ctia cic hgp d6ng dugc ky bing chir ky scan va chir ky hinh iiih chua dugc quy dinh cu the. Chiing toi cho rang vi^c ket luan cac hinh thirc nay khong dugc phep hoac khong co gia tri phap ly vi khong dugc quy dinh cu the trong phan luat mang tinh chii quan va chua phu hgp v6i thong le thi truong. ChO ky scan vi chii kv hinh inh co gii tri phip ly neu chir ky do thS hi$n y chi ciia nguoi k^ va nguiri k^ c6 thitn quyen ky.
Z /. Djnh nghia chirky^n tdr Chu ky didn tu duge djnh nghia tucmg ddi rgng vi trdu tugng. Theo Luat GDDT 2005, "chu ky didn tu" cd cic dgc tinh sau:
(i) dugc tgo lap dudi dang tu, chii, so, ky hidu, am thanh hogc cic hinh thuc khic bang phuong tidn didn tu; (ii) dugc gan lien hogc ket hgp mgt cich Id gic vdi hgp dong didn tu (vi dy, dudi dinh dgng PDF hogc Word);
vi (iii) cd khi nang xie nhgn ngudi ky hgp ddng didn tii va xac nhgn sy chap thuin cua ngudi dd d6i vdi ngi dung cua hgp dong dien hi dugc ky.^ Chii ky didn tu ed gii tri phap ly neu thda man cic dieu kidn ve khi nang djnh danh vi mdc dg tin cay, cy thd Ii: (i) phuong phip tgo chu ky didn td cho phdp xie minh dugc ngudi ky vi chdng td dugc sy chap thuin ciia ngudi ky ddi vdi ngi dimg cua hgp dong va (ii) phuang phip tao chir ky didn tu la du tin cgy vi phu hgp vdi myc dich mi hgp dong dugc tgo ra vi giii di.'
Chir ky so
Nghi dinh 130 quy dinh ro chu ky sd li mgt logi chii ky didn td. Van bin dugc ky bing chii k^" sd khdng bit bude phii cd con dau"*. Chii ky so dugc cdng nhgn trong vide gui tit lidu cho tda in vi khdng lim phit sinh van dd vd hidu lyc*. Dd dip ung ydu cau kiem tra vd khi nang dinh danh vi mdc dg tin c^y, yeu cau chinh la chu ky so phii duge
NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT chung thyc bdi td chdc cimg cip dich vy chiing thyc chu ky sd cdng cgng dugc cap phep.** Tmh ddn thing 2/2020, cd 15 doanh nghiep da dugc cap giiy phdp cung cip dich vu chimg thyc chu ky so edng cgng tgi Vi^t Nam vi khdng cd bat ky doanh n ^ d p ^lio trong sd dd li phap nhan nude ngoii.' Hidn tgi, chua ed ca sd chic chan de xac dinh lidu dich vy chii ky sd do cic doanh nghidp cimg cip dich vy nude ngoii cung cap tgi Vidt Nam (ching hgn nhu DocuSign hogc Adobe Sign, v.v.) ed dugc cdng nhgn tgi \'idt Nam khdng, mac du ciing khdng cd bit ky ly do gi ve mat ehinh sich dd logi bd dich vy cua cic doanh nghidp niy.*
Cha ky scan vd chir ky hinh dnh Do khdng dugc quy djnh cy the trong Luat GDDT 2005, Nghj djnh 130 vi Nghj djnh 52, nen chu ky scan vi ehii ky hinh inh khdng duang nhidn dugc coi ia mgt logi ehu ky didn tu vi hgp ddng dugc ky bang chii ky scan vi chu ky hinh inh theo cich thdc ndu tren khdng duong nhidn cd hidu lyc. M^c du phip lugt chua quy djnh ro ve chir ky scan vi chii ky hmh auih, nhung khdng cd bit ky ly do gi ve chinh sich dd khdng cdng nhgn hidu lyc cua hgp ddng dugc ky bing cic logi chu ky dien td niy, vi eiing khdng cd ca sd phap ly dd ket luin djnh nghia vd chii ky didn tu trong Luat GDDT 2005 logi tru chir ky scan vi chu ky hinh inh.
Lu9t GDDT 2005, Dieu 21.1.
Lu$t GDDT 2005, Dieu 24.1.
Lu4t GDDT 2005. Di^u 24.2 va Nghj djnh 130, Difu 8.2.
Nghj quyet sd 04/2016/NQ-HDTP cua Hpi dfing Thdm phan Toa an nhan dan toi cao ngay 30/12/2016 hir6ng dSn ve gui, nh$n don khoi kifn, tii lifu, chung cu va cap, tong dat, thong bao van ban t6 tyng bang phucmg tifn difn tii, Dieu 7.1.
Nghi dinh s6 130, Difu 8 va 9.
Xera https://www.inJc.gov.vn/solieubaocao/Pages/TinTuc/116271/Danh-sach-cac-doanh-nghiep-da-duoc- cap-giay-phep-dich-vu-chung-thuc-chu-ky-so-cong-cong.html, truy csp ngay 15/5/2020.
C6 CO s* ph4p ly theo ckc DiSu 8,9,11 vd 20 cua Nghj djnh 130 df cho ring cac dich vy dupc cung cip bdi cic doanh nghifp cung cap djch vy nuoc ngoai co thf dupc chip iih^n nf u cac bfn dong y su dyng cac djch vy vi cic doanh nghifp cung cap djch vy do dap ung cac tieu chufin va yen cSu cong nghf do Bp Thong tin va Truy^ thong cong bo.
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HGHltN Ctru I ny S6 10 (410)-T5/2020\_ L A J P P H A P
NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT 2.Z Quy dinh chung cua Bp luqt Dan s^ ndm 2015
BLDS 2015 cho phep cac hinh thuc giao ket hgp ddng khic nhau. Cy the, hgp ddng cd the dugc giao kdt bing lai ndi, bing van bdn hogc bing hdnh vi at the.^ Trdn thyc td.
l&i no/ hogc hdnh vi cu thi li cic hinh thue giao kdt hgp ddng phd bidn nhat trong cic giao djch din sy thudng ggp trong ddi sdng hang ngay. Vi dy. ngudi din mua hang trong sidu thj va tri tien cho mdn hing dd hogc su dyng cic djch vy vgn chuydn hinh khich.
hang hda (nhu di xe buyt, miy bay) vi thanh toin gia vd, cudc phi van chuyen cho hinh khich vi hing hda'^'. Cac giao djch niy khdng can phii dugc l|p thinh van bin (ndn khdng dat ra vin de vd chir ky) vi hda dan mua hing, ve, vgn don ho^c chdng ni v?n chuyen khic chinh li bang chung giao kdt hgp ddng giua cic bdn. Didu quan trgng la hgp ddng the hidn sy thda thugn cua cic ben, cdn hinh thuc cua sy thda thugn khdng nhat thidt phii bang vin ban.
Hgp dong chi cd thd bi tuydn vd hidu do vi phgm quy djnh didu kidn cd hidu lyc ve hinh thuc ndu lu^t cd quy dinh. Theo quy djnh ciia phip lugt hidn hinh, mdt sd loai h ^ ddng phii dugc lgp thinh van bin (hgp ddng chuyen nhugng bat dgng sin, hgp ddng xay d^g, v.v...). Trong trudng hgp niy, ydu cau bd sung ve cdng chiing, chiing thyc hogc ding ky ciing cd thd dugc ap dyng (eac hgp ddng vd chuydn nhugng bat dgng sin phai dugc l§p thinh van ban, duge ky vi cdng chung). Trong trudng hgp phap luat khdng quy djnh hgp ddng phii dugc lap thanh van bin. cic bdn cd thd vien dan cic thao luin bang ldi ndi hogc bang hinh vi cu thd de the hien sy thdng nhat ve y chi, thdng qua dd tao thanh hgp ddng ed tinh rang bude phap ly.
Lidn quan ddn hinh thuc giao kdt hgp
dong bing vin ban. khoin 4 Dieu ^^^ ^^
2015 quy dinh: "Thdi diem ^'^ g^cung dong bing \an ban li then diem o^ ^j^Xp ky vio vin bin hay bang h""^ „ j ^ ^ nhgn khic dugc the hidn tren van vgy, BLDS2015 khongycu c a u ™ li chu ky sdng hay cam ^•I?c su V^B^
didn td. BLDS 2015 cung «>nS ? ^ ^ . thdc chip nhgn khic dugc tj^ h'^n fr«» ^ ^ bin" va cdng nhan g.ao f \ f ^ ^ | „ f t ^ phuang tidn didn tu." ^r^n Aye t^ -hung t^^
ciing ed thd ggp cic trudng hgp giao Ket ngp ddnl bing vin bin mi khdng can phii c6 chir ky sdng ciia bit ky bdn nao. Vi dy klu td chuc, ca nhan dang ky sd dyng cic djch vy tryc tuydn (nhu eac dich vy ngan hing didn tu, cie trang thuang mgi dipn tu hogc cac djch vu cung cip ngi dung tryc tuyen).
DB dugc cung cip djch vy, ngay d bude dau tien ciia qui trinh darig ky dich vy, ngudi sd dyng dich vu phii chip nhgn cic didu khoin va didu kidn ciia ben cung cdp djch vy x.u4t hidn trdn min hinh cua thidt bj didn td bing cich danh diu vao d "Ddng y" d phin cuoi cung cua bing dieu khoin vi dieu kidn. Cic didu khoin va dieu kidn nay, khi dugc chap nhan, se trd thinh mgt phan trong hgp dong giua ngudi su dun^ djch vy va ben cung cip dich vu va hgp ddng niy khdng cd chii kj' sdng cua bat ky bdn nao. Mgt vi du khic cung thudng gap li khi cic ci nhan khdng biet chu cd thd dung van tay dd diem chi vio hgp ddng. Khi dugc diem chi, hgp ddng Cling tgo lap nghia yy ring buoc cic ben ma khdng cd chii ky sdng cua bit ky ben nio.
Nhu vay, ndu mdt ci nhan khdng thi ky sdng du^rc thi ngudi dd cd the dung mgt hinh thuc chap nhin khae dd thd hien y chi chip thuin toan bg ngi dung thda thugn dugc the hidn tren van bin hgp ddng, nhu dinh dau vao 6 "Ddng y" tren man hinh ciia thidt bi didn tu va didm chi bang vin tay. Cung nhii
BLDS : 0 1 5 , Difu 119.1.
Lu9l Thirong m^i nam 2005. Dieu 24.1 va Difu 74.1 va BLDS 2015, Dieu 523.1 va Dieu 531 1.
BLDS 2015. Dieu 119.1.
99 [NOHltN cuu f
" ILAP PHAP^S SA10(410)-T5/2020
vide danh diu vio d "Ddng y" vi didm chi bing vin tay, chir ky scan va chii ky hinh inh cd thd duge coi li hinh thuc ky hoic mgt hinh thuc chip nhgn khic. 6 day, dieu quan trgng li hinh thuc chap nhgn duge the hien bing cic diu hidu rieng bidt trdn van bin giup xie nhgn ngudi k^ vi chiing td sy chap thuan ciia ngudi k^. Day ciJng li tinh thin cua Lugt GDDT 2005 trong quy dinh vd djnh nghja chir ky didn tu vi gii trj phip ly cua chu ky di^n tu.
Hinh thuc chip thuan cda ngudi ky cung dgt ra mgt cau hdi phii sinh lidn quan ddn thim quyen cua ngudi ky. Ndi cich khic, neu mgt ben cd the cd cic bing chdng chiing minh ring, cic chii ky scan vi chu ky hinh inh thd hidn sy chap thugn cda ngudi ky vi ngudi ky cd tham quy^n, chu ky scan va chir ky hbh inh hoin toin cd the cd gia tri nhu mgt chu ky. Lidn quan den cich tidp can niy, BLDS 2015 da cdng nhin vide cic bdn xie lgp "quy^n dgi didn bh ngoii". "Quyen dai diidn hh ngoii" dugc xie lap khi mdt ben cd hinh dgng lim cho ben kia tin tudng mdt cich hgp ly rang, ben dai didn cd quydn dai didn (hogc d mgt khia canh khic, lam cho ben kia khdng bidt hoac khdng thd bidt la ben dgi didn khdng cd quydn dgi didn hoac vugt qui phgm vi dgi di?n). Theo do, BLDS 2015 chap nhgn "quydn dgi didn bd ngoii" khi: (i) m^t bdn da cdng nhgn giao djch; (ii) mdt ben bidt mi khdng phin ddi trong mdt thai hgn hgp ly; hogc (iii) mgt ben cd ldi din den viec ngudi da giao djch khdng bidt hoac khdng the biet ve vide ngudi da xie lap, thyc hidn giao djch dan sy vdi minh khdng cd quydn dai didn ho$c vugt qui pham vi dai dien. '^
Ndi tdm Iai, quy dinh cua BLDS nam 2015 tao CO sd phip ly cho vide su dung chu ky scan vi chu ky hinh inh eho hgp ddng lap bang van bin. (jui trinh giao djch cua cic ben ciing cd the giup xie lap thim quyen be ngoii khi tham quyen cua ngudi 1^ khdng ro ring. Tuy nhien, didu quan trgng hem li
NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT cie an Id vi bin an eua Tda in nhan dan tdi cao dua ra trong thdi gian gan day cho thay tda an ngay cing xem xet bin chit cua sy chap thuin hem la hinh thuc cua su chap thuin va dieu nay giup han chd rui ro hgp ddng bj vd hidu khi cd van de lien quan den hinh thuc thda thuan (trong dd cd van dd vd chir ky).
3. Cich tiep can cua Toa an nhan dan toi cao lien quan den gia trj ciia chir ky di^n tir Mac dii ehua cd bit ky an 1? nao cti«i tda in giai quydt cy the vin dd vd hidu lye cua cae hgp ddng duge ky bang chii ky dien tu, da cd cac in le vi bin an cho thay cac tda in Vidt Nam thien vd each tiep can chu trgng ngi dung (tue la xem xdt y chi thyc sy cua eac ben trong giao dich) han li hinh thdc thd hidn su chap thugn ddi vdi ngi dung dd (tuc la xem xet hinh thuc hgp dong vi ehu ky).
Trong mgt sd in le vi bin in, Tda an nhan din tdi cao da ra phin quydt raiig, hanh vi ciia cie bdn trong qua trinh giao ket va thyc hidn hgp ddng ed gii tri quan trgng de xac dinh y chi cua cae ben trong hgp ddng vi cho dii hgp ddng khdng dugc ky bdi cac ben cd lidn quan, hgp ddng dd van khdng bj vd hidu.
An Ip sd 04/2016/AL ngdy 6/4/2016 ve tranh chdp hprp dong chuyen nhuprng quyin sir dung ddt (tranh chap giira Kieu Thi Ty vd Chu Vdn Tien v&i Li Vdn Ngu - (An le 04)
An Id 04, ben ban trong mgt hgp ddng chuydn nhugng quydn sd dung dit la hai vg chdng nhung chi cd mgt minh ngudi chdng ky hgp ddng. Tuy nhidn, ngudi vg da bidt vd giao dich nay, da khdng phin ddi giao djch va da su dung tidn cd dugc tu vide chuydn nhugng cho cac muc dich khic nhau, bao gdm viec cho tang con cii. Do viy, Tda in nhan dan tdi cao di tuyen ring, hgp ddng khdng bj vd hidu mac dii da cd vi pham ve yeu cau phii cd chu ky (cy thd la ngudi vg da khdng ky hgp ddng nay) do ngudi vg da khdng phan ddi hgp dong vi vide ngudi vg
'^ BLDS 2015, Dieu 142.1 v4 Difu 143.1.
NGHltN CUU I o n S6IO{410)-T5/2020^LAP P H A P ^ ^
NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT su dyng tien cd dupc td vide chuydn nhugng chiing td cd sy chap thugn ciia ngudi vg ddi vdi hgp ddng.
An If so 07/2016/AL ngdy r/10/2016 ve cdng nhgn hpp dong mua bdn nhd duprc xdc lgp tru&c ngdy 1 thdng 7 nam 1991 (tranh_ chdp giira Sguyin Binh Song, Nguyen Thi Hong, Nguyin Thi Huang v&i Dd Trpng Thdnh, Do Thi Nguypt, Vutmg CM Tu&ng, Vuang Chi Thing, Vucmg Bich van, Vuang Bich Hpp - (An Ip 01
An Id 07, trong hgp ddng mua bin nhi chi dugc bdn bin ky va ghi ro ben bin da nhgn du tien. Bdn mua tuy chua ky tdn tren hgp dong nhung li ngudi giir hgp ddng vi da quin ly, su dyng nhi d dn djnh uong thdi gian dii ma bdn bin khdng cd tranh chip ddi tidn mua nhi. Trong trudng hgp niy, hgp ddng cd gii trj xie djnh bdn mua da tri dii tien eho ben bin vi y chi ciia bdn mua ddng y vdi hgp ddng mua bin nhi dd. Do vgy, Tda in nhan din toi cao da myen ring, hgp ddng mua bin nhi khdng bj vd hidu vi dugc cdng nhgn gii trj phip ly.
Quyet dfnh Gidm ddc thdm so 47/2016/KDTM-GDT ngdy 29/8/2016 cda Tda dn nhdn ddn toi cao (tranh chap giira Congty TNHHHuada Furniture Vipt Nam v&i Cong ty Cd phan Bdo hiim PJICO) (Quyet dinh GDT47)
Quyet djnh GDT 47, edng ty bio hidm da phit hinh hgp ddng bio hidm cho ben mua bio hidm nhimg chua nhgn duge bin hgp ddng cd chu ky cua bdn mua bio hiem.
Hgp dong cho phep ben mua bio hidm thanh toin phi bio hidm trong thdi han 30 ngiy.
Trudc khi ben mua bao hiem thanh toin du phi bio hidm, sy ki^n bio hidm xay ra. Ben mua bio hiem sau dd da thanh toan du phi bio hiem trong thdi hgn vi vien din hop ddng bio hiem dd ydu cau cong ty bio hidm thanh toin. Tuy nhien, cdng ty bio hidm tu chdi vi cho ring, hgp ddng bao hiem khdng tdn tgi. Trong trudng hgp niy, Ttda in nhan din tdi cao cdng nhgn cd sy tdn tgi cua hgp
Ofc INOHIIN CUU I
' ^ L A P PHAP_ys4 10 (410)-15/2020
dong bio hidm giua bdn mua ^°^^^^
edng tv bio hidm do v.dc ^^" r , \ ^ ^ d 6 n g toin diy du tien phi bio hieni theo nvK j - bio hidm mic du ben mua bao khdng ky vio hgp ddng bio hiem-
T h S cac dn leva ban d n « n chu ky khong.quan .rpng dS f ^ f / J J „ rit h(7p dong. Day la xu h"™*/" „h.„ |u3t Zg Iuu y m,ng Ave tiln ip dvmg pWp lu?t gan day ciia tda in.
Tdm lgi. m$cdu phip lu^, chua quy dinh rd v^ chu ky scan va chu ky hinh ^ , nhmig khdng ed bit kyly do g i v e c h i ^ sich dd khdng cdng nhgn h.?u lyc cua hgp d^ng dugc ky bing cic lo^i chd ky scan, chu ky hinh inh ho§c chu ky didn tu khic, dgc bidt li khi hgp ddng cung cd the duge giao ket bing ldi ndi vi hinh vi; ciing khong cd CO sd phip ly dd kdt lugn djnh nghia ve chii k>' didn tu quy djnh tgi Lugt GDDT 2005 lopi trd chu ley scan vi chu ky hinh inh.
Chiing tdi cho ring cic quy djnh chung cua BLDS 2015 tgo co sd phip ly cho vide sd dyng chu k>' scan vi chir ky hinh inh cho hgp ddng lap bang van bin. Cic an l^ vi bin in cua Tda an nhan din tdi cao dua ra trong thdi gian gan day cho thay, tda in ngay cing xem xdt bin chit cua sy chap thugn han li hinh thuc cua sy chap thugn va chii ky khdng quan trgng dd xac djnh higu lyc ciia hgp dong. Cach tidp egn niy giup hgn che rui ro hgp ddng bi vd hidu khi ed van dd ve hinh thuc thda thugn. Day la each tidp can can tiep tue dugc khang djnh va nhan rgng trong thdi gian tdi. Cich tidp can niy giup hgn chd cac hgp ddng bj tuydn vd hidu vi thuc diy viec ky hgp ddng bang chu ky didn tu, die bi$t li chu ky scan vi chu ky hinh anh. Didu nay se giup xa hgi tan dyng tidn ich ma cdng nghd thdng tin vi truyen thdng hidn dgi mang lai cdng nhu giii quygt khd khan trong giao kdt hgp ddng do cic bidn phip gian cich xa hgi vi hgn che di chuydn trdn phgm vi toin cau trong bdi cinh lay ian djchbdnhCovid-19B
