TO N G H E N CUU DEN TRIEN KHAI - 5AN XUAT
Ket qua mot so dir an KH&CN
Kay dung mo hinh nudi ca hoi thjrnig pnam tai viing cao huyen Bac Yen
Ca hoi la mdt loai ca ngon ndi tie'ng, difdc ngifdi tieu dilng ifa ehudng, la loai thifc pham ed gia tri dinh difdng eao (trong 100 g thjt ca hdi cd 7,5 g protein,
10,2 g chat beo, 0,1 g du'dng, nhieu a xit beo khdng no, vitamin A, D...). Chinh vi vay, loai ca nay cd gia tri thu'dng mai rat cao (d thi trifdng My, ea nguyen eon cd gia khoang 3,5 USD/pound; 550 USD/
kg triing ca; gia cac san pham da qua che bie'n nhi? hun khdi, ddng hop cdn cao hdn nhieu so vdi ca tildi).
Nam 2007, nhieu ngi?di dan va Cdng ty TNHH dau ti? xay diing Hong Long (tinh Sdn La) da nhap ca hdi ve nudi thil nghiem d vilng cao thude huyen Bae Yen vdi quy md nhd nhi?ng cho ke't qua khd kha quan (ca sinh tru'dng va phat trien tdt, khdng bi benh, phii hdp vdi dieu kien tif nhien ciia viing eao huyen Bac Yen). Tinh Sdn La cd nhieu viing nhif-cao nguyen Mdc Chau, viing cao Ciic huyen B^c Yen, Thuan Chau, la nhO'ng vung cd khi hau lanh, nhiet dp thap, ngudn nu'dc ddi dao, thich hdp de phat trien nghe nudi ca hdi. Tuy nhien, tie cd day dii cd sd khoa hpc va thifc tien
Nam 2010, Sofn La da nghiem thu nhieu de tai/di^ an ifhoa hoc va cong nghe (KH&CN) cap tinh, trong do co iihdng it de tai/di^ an diftfc hoi dong nghiem thu danh gia cao vi y nghTa thiA: tiin va hieu qua itinh te, xa hoi, moi trufdng ma chiing mang lai. Trong so'cac de tai/di^ an do, phai Ite den 3 diT an: Xay dUhg mo hinh nuoi ca hoi thiAmg pham tai vung cao huyen Bdc Yen; Xay diAig mo hinh nuoi itfn rinig va itfn iai thiTtfng pham tai Son La; Xay diAig mo hinh trong thur nghiem giong hong MCI tai huyen Moc Chau. 3 diT an nay cung vdi nhihig de tai/diT an KH&CN ifhac da, dang va se gop phan Ichong nho trong viec phat trien liinh te, tao cong an viec lam, xoa doi giam ngheo cho ngiidi dan trong tinh.
eho viee phat trien md hinh nudi ca hdi eua Sdn La thi viee thifc hien mdt dif an khoa hpc la rat can thidt. DUdc sif phe duyet ciia tinh, Cdng ty Hong Long da chii tri thifc hien dif an: "Xay difng md hinh nudi ea hdi thifdng pham tai viing cao huyen Bac Yen". Dif an du'dc thifc hien trong 24 thang (tif thang 1.2009 de'n thang 12.2010) vdi tdng kinh phi la 3.115.200.000 ddng, trong dd ngan sach sif nghiep khoa hpc ciia tinh la 710.200.000 ddng (thu hdi 60% khi ke't thiic dif an), cdn lai 2.405.000.000 ddng la vd'n tif cd ciia cd quan ehii tri.
Qua 2 nam thifc hien dif an, Cdng ty Hdng Long da hoan thanh ta't ca cac ndi dung de ra: Tham quan, hpe tap kinh nghiem mdt so vung nudi ca hdi thanh edng tai tinh Cao Bang, Sa Pa (Lao Cai), Da Lat (Lam Dong); khao sat, lifa ehpn dia diem va xay difng ed sd vat chat ky thuat de trien khai dif an; tiep nhan quy trinh nudi ea hdi thu'dng pham tif Cdng ty nudi trdng thiiy san Thien Ha (Lao Cai);
nhap ca hdi gidng ve nudi; xay difng md hinh nudi ea hdi thifdng pham; theo ddi, danh gia sif sinh trifdng va phat trien ciia ea hdi; xay difng quy trinh ky thuat nudi ea hdi thu'dng pham phii hdp vdi dieu kien vUng cao huyen Biic Yen...
So thang 2.2011 ^ ^ ( j _ , ^ , , ( ^ ^ ^ . 35
Tllr N G H E N COU DEN TRIEN KM A) - 5 AN XUAT
Ke't qua khao sat dieu kien til nhien cho tha'y, mdt so' xa nhi? Ta Xila, Xim Vang, Hang Tni, Lang Chieu (Bac Yen) cd dieu kien khi hau phii hdp de nudi ca hdi. Tuy nhien, dif an da lila ehpn xa Xim Vang lam ndi xay difng md hinh vT xa nay cd vi tri thuan tien ve giao thdng, cd nhiet dp trung binh 10-19"C, ngudn nifdc ddi dao va ludn lanh (ke ca ve miia he). Ben eanh viec lifa ehpn dia diem de xay difng md hinh, Cdng ty Hdng Long eung da xay dilng cd sd vat chat eho md hinh: Cae ao nudi (300 mVao); du'dng d'ng dan nu'dc va tram xu" ly nUde; nha dieu hanh, kho chu'a thilc an; mua sam mpt sd trang thie't bi.
Qua theo doi 5 md hinh nudi ea hdi thu'dng pham vdi mat dp khae nhau cho tha'y: Tang trpng eiia ea hdi d eae md hinh deu rat nhanh, dao ddng trong khoang 134-166 g/eon/thang; nhiet dp trung binh 11-18"C; oxy hda tan trong mdi tru'dng nifdc > 6 mg/1, rat phii hdp vdi dac diem sinh thai hpe ciia ca hdi, giiip chiing sinh trUdng va phat trien td't;
ca hdi tang trpng manh til sau khi nudi 3 thang tudi de'n 10 thang tudi.
Ve hieu qua kinh te' cua dif an, dng Nguyen Hu'u Ddng - Chii nhiem dif an khang dinh, qua 2 nam thifc hien, lai rdng mdi nam thu du'dc la hdn 1,7 ty ddng, thdi gian thu hdi vd'n la gan 3 nam, ty le lai rdng so vdi vd'n dau tif la 33,8%, ty le lai rdng so vdi tdng doanh thu la 39,7%. Ben eanh dd, dif an eiing da mang lai hieu qua ve xa hdi va mdi tru'dng nhU: Giai quye't them nhieu edng an viee lam; phd bien ky thuat nudi ea hdi thifdng pham eho nhieu ngUdi dan thupc viing eao ciia huyen Bae Yen, tao cd sd de nhan rdng md hinh sau nay; suf dung hdp ly ngudn tai nguyen nu'dc va dieu kien tif nhien eiia vung cao; thu hut khach du lieh...
Tl? eae ket qua trien khai dil an, ed the khiing dinh viec nhan rpng md hinh nudi ca hdi thu'dng pham tai vung cao huyen Bae Yen la hoan toan cd ed sd.
Tuy nhien, khd khan gap phai la chu'a chu dpng dUde ngudn thifc an cho ea (ngudn thile an chinh la cam van dang phai nhap khii'u til nu'dc ngoai vdi gia thiinh cao). Ngoai ra, nudi ca hdi dem lai ngudn ldi kinh te'cao nhUng cung ddi hdi dau tU kinh phi ldn. Chinh vi vay.
tinh Sdn La can cd chinh sach ho trd, eho vay vd'n vdi lai suat i?u dai dd'i vdi eac hp gia dinh cd nhu cau nudi ca hdi.
Xay flung md hinh ngoi ion rung va Ion lai thuimg pham
Ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than ciia ngi?di dan ngay eang cao thi nhu cau ve thifc pham sach, cd chat lu'dng td't ngay eang ldn. VT vay, nghe chan nudi
Nam, ddng thdi tie'n hanh thifc hien m(
so' cdng viec nhif: Xay dting cd sd v;
chat ky thuat; suXi tam mpt so' gidng Id (ldn rilng, ldn ban dia) lam gidng borne theo ddi, nghien cifu mdt sd' dac dien eua gidng ldn rilng va ldn ban dia; thi nghiem san xua't nhan gidng; xay diln md hinh nudi thtldng pham ddi vdi ca con gidng tao ra trong dieu kien nufi
ldn rifng va ldn ban dia ciing ngay eang phat trien. Nhan tha'y tiem nang eiia nghe ehan nudi ldn rilng va ldn ban dia ciing vdi dieu kien thuan ldi ciia Sdn La, trong nhting nam qua, Doanh nghiep tu"
nhan Thuan Hai da sUu tam ldn rilng, ldn lai ve nudi va tie'n hanh nghien cu'u nhan gid'ng, lai gid'ng, nudi thu'dng pham. Ke't qua bUde dau cho thay, viec nhan gid'ng ldn rilng, ldn lai, ldn ban dia dat hieu qua tUdng dd'i cao; ldn thu'dng pham sinh trufdng, phat trien tifdng dd'i nhanh, phii hdp vdi dieu kien til nhien ciia Sdn La. Tuy nhien, do dang la qua trinh thi? nghiem nen quy md ma Doanh nghiep Thuan Hai lam eon nhd. De ed ed sd danh gia, thiic day phat trien nghe nudi ldn rifng, ldn ban dia, tinh Sdn La da phe duyet eho Doanh nghiep Thuan Hai chii tri thifc hien dif an: "Xay diing md hinh nudi ldn rilng va ldn lai thUdng pham tai Sdn La".
Dif an da dieu tra, khao sat hien trang ehan nudi ldn rUng, ldn ban dia tai Sdn La va mdt sd tinh d mien Bae Viet
ban ttl nhien va nudi nhdt; theo doi, danh gia kha nang sinh trUdng va phat trien eua cac gid'ng ldn; xay dufng quy trinh ky thuat nudi.
Phudng Chieng Sinh, thanh phd Sdn La da dUdc chon la dia ban de trien khai thilc hien dU an. Day la mpt mo hinh vUdn rUng ed dien tieh 1 ha, dia hinh tUdng dd'i bang phang (dp ddc khoang 3-4"), each trung tam thanh phd 11 km, each dudng qudc Id 200 m. De tao cd sd vat chat eho dif an, mpt so' cdng viecj da dUdc tien hanh nhU: Xay diing, sm chtta ed sd ha tang, mua sam cac trana thie't bi; xay difng md hinh san xuatthtfi an (trdng cd voi, khoai lang, mia, chuo rifng...).
De cd gid'ng bd me dam bao, dtf 4 da lUa ehpn ldn rUng va ldn ban dia kho manh, vdc dang td't, cd ngudn gdc ly W rd rang, dii tieu chuan: Ldn dilc 1-2aW tudi cd trpng lUdng 30-40 kg, ldn cdi 1- nam tudi cd trpng lUdng 25-35 kg. Qu qua trinh nhan gid'ng trong thdi gian thil hien dU an cho tha'y, so lUdng ldn rift
„„ Hoat dong „.,. . ^^ _ __i i
TO N G H E N COU DEN TRIEN KHAI - 5AN XUAT
gid'ng tao ra la 410 con, dat 164% so vdi ke hoach (250 con), ldn lai giffa ldn rUng va ldn ban dia la 403 con, dat 201,5% so vdi ke hoach (200 con).
Ket qua theo ddi md hinh nudi thUdng pham trong dieu kien nudi ban tU nhien va nudi nhdt dUdc danh gia la kha td't.
Sau 6 thang tudi, ldn lai giUa ldn dUe rifng Viet Nam vdi ldn cai ban dia (H' Mdng) dat trpng lUdng trung binh 18,6 kg/con, chieu dai dat 66 em; ldn lai giUa ldn dUc rUng Thai Lan va ldn cai ban dia Thai Lan thi sinh trUdng va phat trien kem hdn (17,5 kg/eon, chieu dai dat 52 cm). Sau 1 nam tudi, sinh trUdng, phat trien ciia ldn da cd siI khac biet rd ret:
Lai giifa ldn dilc rUng Viet Nam vdi ldn cai ciia ngUdi H'Mdng cd trpng lUdng dat 27,4 kg, chieu dai 90 em .
Ong Phiing Quang TrUdng - Chii nhiem dU an cho biet, hien nay nhu eau cua ngUdi dan cung nhU cac nha hang, khach san ddi vdi ldn rUng, ldn lai la raft ldn, Doanh nghiep san xua't ra khdng du cung cap cho nhu cau cua ngUdi tieu dung. Qua 2 nam thifc hien dil an, hieu qua kinh te' dUdc the hien qua cac con sd cu the nhu sau: Lai rdng thifc hien dif an trong 1 nam la 618.280.000 ddng, thdi gian thu hdi vdn la gan 3 nam, ty 16 lai rdng so vdi tdng doanh thu la 38,2%.
Ve hieu qua xa hpi, dU an da giai quye't cdng an viee lam cho nhieu lao ddng, tap huan cho nhieu ngUdi dan dia phUdng, la md hinh de ngUdi dan trong va ngoai tinh de'n tham quan hpc tap, khai thae hieu qud ngudn tai nguyen dat ciia dia
phUdng.
De. phat huy dUdc hieu qua ciia dif an, thiet nghT trong thdi gian tdi Doanh nghiep Thuan Hai can md rdng quy md san xua't ciing nhU nhan rdng md hinh cho ngUdi dan d cac huyen khac trong tinh. Mud'n vay, tinh Sdn La can ed dinh hudng quy hoach khu xay difng md hinh nudi ldn rUng, ldn lai de tao ra gia tri hang hda, ddng thdi can cd chinh saeh hd trd ve vd'n eho ngUdi dan dau tUphat trien nghe nudi ldn rUng, ldn lai thUdng pham.
Trong thii nghiem giong hong MCltaiMocChaii
O nUde ta, cae gidng hdng dia phUdng da dupe trdng rdng khap eae tinh mien Bac, nhUng nhUng loai hdng nay thUdng ed nang sua't tha'p, khdng dUdc ngUdi tieu dilng Ua ehudng nen gia ban tren thi trUdng tha'p. Hdng MCI la gidng hdng an lien (hai qua tren eay la an dUdc ludn, khdng can giam hay ngam), cd vi ngpt, gidn, khdng chat, it hat hoac khdng hat, ham lUdng dinh dUdng cao, mau sac dep. Day cung la loai hdng chin sdm nen khdng bi canh tranh bdi cac loai hdng khac. Tai Sdn La, gid'ng hdng gidn MCI da dUdc Doanh nghiep tu nhan Xuan Hdng trdng thuf nghiem thanh edng tai Mdc Chau. Ke't qua cho tha'y, gidng hdng nay cd nhieu Uu diem vUdt trdi nhu kha nang chiu ret, chiu ban, chiu sUdng mudi... tdt. Nang sua't ciia gidng hdng nay cao, thdi gian chin keo dai 45 ngay (khi chin ed the de them
10 ngay ma qua van dam bao dUdc dp eUng). De cd cd sd md rdng Ung dung ke't qua vao thifc te, Sd KH&CN Sdn La da dupe UBND tinh iiy quyen quan ly va ddng y eho Doanh nghiep Xuan Hdng ehii tri thUc hien dil an: "Xay dUng md hinh trdng thi? nghiem gid'ng hdng MCI tai huyen Mdc Chau".
ThUe hien dif an. Doanh nghiep Xuan Hdng da xay dUng dUde md hinh trdng hdng MCI theo hUdng san xua't hang hda phue vu tieu diing va xuat khau;
hoan thien quy trinh san xuat gidng.
trdng va cham sde hdng MCI thUdng pham phli hdp vdi dieu kien eiia Mdc Chau; chuyen giao ky thuat cho ndng dan trong vilng dif an.
Vl thdi gian thUe hien dU an ngan (2 nam), nen hieu qua kinh te mang lai trong 2 nam dau khdng ldn. Tuy nhien, md hinh ciing da ehUng minh dUdc hieu qua kinh te dn dinh va ben vffng sau khi ket thiie dil an. Trong thdi gian thUe hien dif an, sd lUdng cay gidng dUde siin xuat la 25.000 cay, san lUdng qua eiia md hinh den nam 2010 trung binh la 7 kg qua/cay x 200 cay/ha x 3 ha = 4.200 kg. Sau khi ket thuc dU an (tU nam thi?
3 trd di), Doanh nghiep cung cap eho thj trudng 10.000 cay/nam x 15.000 ddng/
eay = 150.000.000 ddng/nam. Vdi mat dp trung binh 500-600 eay/ha, gia tri kinh te tren 1 ha/nam dUdc tinh cu the nhu sau: 500 eay/ha x 10 kg/cay/niim (nang sua't trung binh tff nam thu" 3 de'n nam thU 6) x 20.000 ddng/kg (gia ban budn) = 100.000.000 ddng/ha/nam. TU nam thU 7 trd di, dif kie'n nang suat se tang hdn cac nam trUdc tU 1,5 de'n 2 lan.
NhUvay, dU an: "Xay difng md hinh trdng thuf nghiem gid'ng hdng MCI tai huyen Mdc Chau" da chifng minh dUdc tinh kha thi va la ed sd de nhan rdng md hinh tren toan huyen Mde Chau.
Tinh Sdn La cQng nhU cac sd/ngiinh ed lien quan can cd chinh sach khuyen khich ngUdi dan dau tUcai tao vUdn tap, chuyen sang trdng hdng MC1, ddng thdi phd'i hdp vdi Doanh nghiep tim dau ra mpt each dn dinh, ben vffng cho siin pham •
VuHifng
Sd thang 2.2011 j ^ j_[ H09t dong 37
