KHOA HQC - CONG NGHE
Tap Chi GTVT 12/2010
KET QUA UTNG DUNG VAI DjA KY THUAT CHONG NUfT TRUYEN KHI RAI BE TONG N H U A LEN TREN MAT OUOfNG BTXM
PGS.TS. BUI XUAN CAY Trudng Dai hgc Giao thdng van tii
Tdm tat: Bii bio trinh biy kit qui thd nghiim dung vii dja ky thuat nham ting cudng khi ning chdng nUt truyen tai eie khe ndi khi rii Idp bi tdng nhua lin trin mat dudng BTXM dang khai thie nhung da bj xuong cap.
Abstract: This article presents the result of ap- plying geotextile fabric to enhance cracking resist- ance of asphalt layers which overlay on downgraded concrete pavement.
I. DAT VAN DE
Khi rai tang efldng cac Idp be tdng nhfla len phfa tren mat dfldng be tdng xi mang (BTXM) dang khai thac nhflng da bj xudng cap, van d i dat ra la tim dflpc giai phap chdng nflt phan anh (nflt truyin) tai cac khe.
Thflc te, cd n h i i u cdng trinh da thi cdng gap van d i nay anh hfldng den chat IflPng va tudi thp Idp be tdng nhfla.
Trong khudn khd cua de tai nghien cflu v i mat dfldng be tdng nhfla cd cdt tang efldng nham tang efldng kha nang chdng nflt, Nhdm nghien cflu vdi vai trd la Tfl van thiet k i da phdi hpp vdi Ban quan ly dfl an cua Nha may Phan dam & Hda chat Ha Bac dfla ra giai phap xfl ly tai cac khe tren mat dfldng BTXM trfldc khi tham cac Idp be tdng nhfla phfa tren.
II. THl^C NGHIEM DUNG VAI DjA KY THUAT CHONG N U T TRUYEN TAI DUCiNG NOI BO NHA MAY PHAN DAM VA HOA CHAT HA BAC
2.1. Hiin trgng mat dudng BTXM cu
T u y i n dfldng true chi'nh trong Nha may cd be rdng mat dfldng 9 m vdi kfeh thflde ta'm 3m x 5m, chieu day ta'm 22cm. Dfldng phuc vu cac loai xe tai, xe chuyen dung van chuyen hang hda vdi tai trpng true > 12T.
Tinh trang mat dfldng sau thdi gian khai thac hu hdng kha n h i i u , cac tam BTXM bj vd nflt nhieu (Hinh 1).
Hinh 1: Tmh trgng mat dUdng trUdc khi sua chUa 6 mpt sd doan dfldng BTXM trong nha may da tham be tdng nhfla tang efldng nhflng xay ra hien tflpng nflt tai cac vj trf khe, chat Iflpng khdng dam bao, nfldc v i n cd the tham xudng mdng.
Dflpc sfl ddng y cua Chu dau tu, nhdm nghien cflu da thfl nghiem dung vai dja ky thuat tang efldng tai eae vj tri khe tren mat dfldng trfldc khi rai cac Idp be tdng nhfla len tren.
2.2. Glil phip thiet ke.
T h i i t k i k i t ca'u tang efldng vdi 4 cm Idp be tdng nhfla chat rai ndng hat mjn Idp tren va 6 cm Idp be tdng nhfla chat rai ndng hat trung Idp dfldi. Theo tfnh toan k i t ca'u du kha nang chju Iflc.
D i tang efldng kha nang chdng lai nflt phan anh tai cac khe co, khe gian, khe dpc xfl ly chen chat bang day tam nhfla rdi dan vai dja ky thuat (loai khdng det) len phfa tren trfldc khi tham be tdng nhfla len tren.
BE TONG NHUA HAT MIN OAY 4CM BE TONG NHUA HAT TRUNG DAY 6CM
MAT DUONG BTXM CON OAM BAG KHA NANG CHIU LUC
DAN TREN KHE TAM
Hinh 2: Ket eau ting cudng tang cUdng 2.3. Trinh tU thi edng
- Ve sinh khe co, khe gian va khe dpc tren mat dfldng.
- Xfl ly cac khe bang day tam nhfla.
- Tfldi nhfla dfnh bam tai cac vj trf khe pham vi rdng 50 cm.
- Dan vai dja ky thuat (loai khdng det) len phfa tren khe.
- Tfldi nhfla dfnh bam tren toan bd mat dfldng.
- Rai Idp be tdng nhfla hat trung 6 cm.
- Lu len Idp be tdng nhfla trung.
- Rai Idp be tdng nhfla hat mjn 4 cm.
- Lu len va hoan thien.
a> Xu ly khe bang b> Dan vai dia ky c> Rai be tdng nhua day tam nhua thuat va tUdi nhUa va lu len
dinh bam
Hinh 3: Mgt sd h'mh inh xd ly khe co gian trin mat dudng BTXM vi thim Idp BTN lin trin
2.4. Ket qui dat dugc
Sau hdn 2 nam khai thac tuyen dfldng tren (ke tfl 8/2008 den nay), mat dfldng chfla thay hfl hdng, dae biet la chfla xay ra hien tupng nflt phan anh.
(Xem tiep trang 52)
AN TOAN GIAO THONG - GIAO THONG DO THj Tap Chf GTVT 12/2010
If.^
chfla cd b i n g chflng ehi chuyen mdn v i n d i i u khien phfldng tien; Cang b i n chfla dflpc quan ly chat che...;
Van d i quy hoach cang, b i n . . . edn chfla dfldc bd sung, cap nhat; Tinh trang hpp chp, nudi trdng, khai thac thuy san lan c h i i m ludng lach chfla dflpc chinh quyin eac cap xfl ly nghiem; Mpt sd quy djnh cua Luat Giao thdng DTND cdn bat cap, nhfl quy djnh ve
"dfldng thuy npi dja", "phflpng tien thuy" t h i i u thdng nhat da d i n d i n khd khan, lung tung cua Ifle IflPng lam nhiem vy TTKS.
Oe Luat Giao thdng DTND di vao cupc sdng, ben cgnh lam td't hdn nfla cdng tac tuan tra, kiem soat, xfl ly vi pham hanh chinh trong dam bao TTATGT dfldng thuy ndi dja thi vdi nhflng quy dinh cua Luat khdng phu hpp vdi thflc t i can thiet sdm dflpc sfla ddi. Cac dja phfldng, bd, nganh can quan tam hdn nOa d i n viec chi dao td chflc thflc hien cac quy djnh cua Luat Giao thdng DTND va Chi thj sd 31/2005/CT-TTg ngay 29/9/2005 cua Thu tfldng Chinh phu ve tang efldng cdng tac dam bao TTATGT DTND. Trfldc m i t can khan trflpng xay dflng va td chflc thflc hien cac de an, quy hoach phat trien GTVT thuy npi dja; Quy djnh cu the he thdng cang, ben thuy npi dja, ndi hpp chp, lang chai, lang n g h i tren sdng, nPi khai thac tai
nguyen, khoang san; vung nudi trdng, danh b i t thuy san de tang efldng cdng tae quan ly ddi vdi eae boat ddng tren hanh lang bao ve ludng; Xay dflng khu vflc tam gifl phfldng tien vi pham, ndi neo dau tau, thuyin phdng tranh bao lu; Td chfle, quan ly tdt boat dpng eua ben khach ngang sdng. Ddng thdi, t i i p tyc ra soat de bd sung, sfla ddi, bai bd hoac ban hanh mdi cac van ban phap luat v i ITnh vflc giao thdng DTND phu hpp vdi tinh hinh phat trien kinh t i - xa hdi, nhat la ddi vdi cae van ban quy djnh v i hanh lang bao ve ludng chay tau, t h u y i n ; Dang ky, dang kiem phfldng tien; Quy djnh ve dao tao cap bang, chflng ehl chuyen mdn cho thuyen vien, ngfldi lai phflOng tien thuy ndi dja... Kiem tra, kiem soat, xfl ly triet de, kien q u y i t cac hanh vi vi pham v i bao ve ludng, cang, b i n , phflpng tien khdng du dieu kien an toan, chd qua vach dau mdn nfldc, khdng dang ky, dang k i i m , ngfldi d i i u khien phflpng tien khdng cd chflng ehi chuyen mdn, b i n g lai... De cdng tae dam bao TTATGT dfldng thuy npi dja dflpc thfldng xuyen, thdng nhat, ddng bp, ed hieu qua can thiet cd cae quy che phdi hpp gifla cae bp, nganh lien quan de cd the t r i i n khai cae bien phap thyc hien.Q
PV.
DUY TRi LIfl THE...
(Tie'p theo trang 45) phai nhan thflc v i tam quan trpng cua viec hpc hdi trong td chflc. Cac cdng ty thanh cdng nha't khdng phii la cac cdng ty dflng mai vdi vdng nguyet que cua hp. Hp la nhflng cdng ty lien tuc tim ra each thfle cai tien boat ddng cua minh, va lien tyc nang cap gia trj CLia cac kha nang tao sfl khac biet hay tao ra cac kha nang mdi.
Thfl ba la theo ddi sfl thfle hien tdt nhat eua nganh va sfl dyng viec djnh chuan. Mpt trong nhflng each tdt nhat de phat trien eae kha nang tao sfl khac biet thdng qua sfl vflpt trdi ve hieu qua, chat Iflpng, cai t i i n , va dap flng khach hang, dd la, nhan dien each thflc hanh td't nhat trong nganh va thich flng vdi nd. Chi bang each dd mdt cdng ty ed t h i tao dflng va duy tri cac ngudn Iflc va kha nang lien k i t den sfl xuat s i c ve hieu qua, chat Iflpng, cai t i i n , va dap flng khach hang.
Can phii theo ddi sfl thfle hien cua cac edng ty khac va cd le each tdt nhat la thdng qua djnh ehuan (ben- marking). Day la qua trinh dat cdng ty trong sfl so sanh vdi eac san pham, sfl thflc hien va djch vu eua cac ddi thu hieu qua nhat
Thfl tfl la vflpt qua sfl tri tre. Mpt ly do nOa dan d i n that bai la sfl thieu kha nang thich flng vdi cae d i i u kien thay ddi vi tinh tri tre cua td chflc. Vflpt qua eae rao c i n vdi sfl thay ddi trong td chflc la mdt yeu eau then chdt de duy tri mdt Ipi t h i canh tranh. Nhan dang cac rao can vdi sfl thay ddi la mdt bfldc dau tien quan trpng. Sau bfldc nay de thflc thi cae thay ddi , nhflng ngfldi lanh dao tdt phai biet sfl dyng q u y i n Ifle mdt each sang sudt, thflc hien cac thay ddi thfeh hpp v i ca'u true td chflc va he thdng kiem soat.
Thfl nam la thiit lap eP e h i cd lap nham ngan ehan sy bit chiic cua ddi thu canh tranh. Sfl b i t chiee la dang tryc tiep nhat cua sfl canh tranh do dd d i duy tri ldi t h i cgnh tranh theo thdi gian phai t h i i t lap mpt cP
c h i cd lap de tao rao can chdng lai sfl b i t chiic. Co che cd lap cang boat ddng hieu qua thi Ipi t h i canh tranh cang dflpc duy tri trfldc sfl cdng kfeh dfl dpi eua ddi thu.
De xac djnh eP e h i ed lap ta phai kiem tra qua trinh b i t chide cua ddi thu canh tranh. D i mpt edng ty cd the b i t ehfldc thanh edng chien Iflpc cua mdt edng ty khac, nd phai thda man bdn d i i u kien sau day:
- Xic dinh. Cdng ty phai ed kha nang xac djnh dfldc rang ddi thu dang ed Ipi the eanh tranh.
- Khuyen khieh. Sau khi xac djnh rang ddi thu dang ed ldi t h i eanh tranh (the hien qua ti le iqi nhuan eao hdn mfle trung binh), edng ty phai tin rang dau tfl vao viee b i t ehfldc cung phai mang lai Ipi nhuan.
Chan doin. Cdng ty phai cd kha nang ehan doan nhflng dac d i i m cua chien Iflpc cua ddi thu cd the tao ra Ipi the canh tranh.
Yeu cau ve ngudn lUe. Thdng qua trao ddi hay b i t ehfldc, edng ty phai ed kha nang v i ngudn Iflc va nang Ifle can thiet d i tien hanh b i t ehfldc nhflng chiin Ifldc cua edng ty dang ed Ipi t h i eanh tranh
Vay eP ehe cd lap ma doanh nghiep can phai thiit lap dd la :
- lam md di eae boat ddng hPn b i n vdi myc dfch la ddi thu canh tranh khdng b i i t la minh dang cd ldi t h i canh tranh hdn hp
- Td thai dp gay g i t vdi nhflng cdng ty mudn b i t chiie de lam hp nan ehf hoae c h i i m hflu trfldng tat ca cac ed hdi dau tfl hien cd. Dieu nay nham myc dfch lam cho ddi thu canh tranh thay viee b i t chiee khdng dem lai cho hp ed hdi hap dan.
- Dfla vao n h i i u ngudn tao Ipi t h i eanh tranh de tao ra nhflng nguyen nhan khdng rd rang vdi myc dich lam giam kha nang chuan doan cua ddi thu v i k h i nang tao ldi the eanh tranh cua doanh nghiep mlnh.^
- Dfla vao nhflng ngudn Iflc va nang Iflc ma ddi thu canh tranh bj ddng va khd b i t chiic nhfl dfla vao ngu- dn Ifle vd hinh hay nhflng kha nang tiem tang.[J
