KHOA HOC VA CdNG NGHE MO CNM
NGHIEN CUU LUA CHON DIEM KHOI NO VA TRINH TU NO
N H A M G I A M TAC D U N G CHAN DONG
KHI NO M I N VI SAI PHI DIEN
GS.TS. N H Q VAN BACH, ThS. N G U Y I N DINH AN Trwdng D^i hgc IVId-Dja chat
ThS. TRAN K H A G HUNG - Cdng ty CN Hda chat md Nam Bd
r
ai t h i ky 20, trong ITnh vyc nd min pha vd' dat da cd hai phat minh quan trpng, dd la phat minh nd min vi sai (1934-1935) va phat minh phuang tien n l phi dien (1970-1973).Vdi phuang phap nd min vi sai, hieu qua pha vd" d I t da dugc cai thien rd ret va nhO-ng tac dung cd hai d i n mdi trudng (nhlt la tac dung c h i n ddng) giam dang k l .
Nhung sa d l n l vi sai d l u ghep b l n g phuang tien n l phi dien dam bao tinh linh boat, uyin chuyin nhlt, d i l u khiln dugc nd vi sai toan phln vai nhung d i l m khdi n l va hudng truyin n l khac nhau, lam tang hieu qua n l vi sai va giam thilu tac dong mdi trudng, phyc vy cho sy phat t h i n b i n vung cua cdng nghiep md.
Vi vay, hien nay tren t h i gidi va d Viet Nam dang ap dung rpng rai phuang phap n l min vi sai vai phuang tien n l phi dien (cdng nghe nd min vi sai phi dien) trong khai thac md.
Trong sa d l n l vi sai phi dien, hai y l u td quan trpng nhlt quylt djnh hieu qua nd la d i l m khdi n l (lugng thulc dugc khdi nd d l u tien) va trinh t y n l (hudng Ian truyin sdng n l )
1. Anh hipdng d i l m k h d i n l va trinh t y no d i n tac dung c h i n ddng
Lya chon sa dd nd vi sai cd nghTa la ebon d i l m khdi n l va trinh ty nd hgp ly tren ca sd sa dd phan bd lugng thulc cu t h i d tren t i n g .
Vj tri lugng thulc nd d l u tien va trinh t y n l cac lugng thulc quylt djnh hudng Ian truyin sdng nd va sdng chin dpng trong d I t da. D i l m khdi no, trinh ty n l hgp ly dam bao c h i t lugng dap vd t i t n h l t va giam t l i da sdng c h i n dpng.
C h i n dpng truyin di t u bai n l thdng qua sy dao dpng c Ja cac p h l n t u dat da (mdi trudng dan hii), cd 3 dang dao ddng ca ban: doc, ngang, dung.
Trong khi dao ddng, cac p h l n t u dat da truyin
nang lugng cho cac phln tu k l tilp va qua trinh tilp dien cho den khi nang lugng suy giam hoan toan. Sy truyin nang lugng sdng nhu vay dugc goi la sdng dia chin. Sdng chin dpng truyin d i n dau, cac phln td dIt da se dao dpng tuang ung. Khi cac phln tu dao ddng d i n mdc dp vugt ngudng cho phep se xay ra sy pha huy mdi trudng va c l u true dat tren nd. Mdc dp tac ddng cua sdng dja chin d i n cac cdng trinh dugc danh gia qua 2 dai lugng: bien dp dao dpng phln tu cua dIt da (van t i c dao dpng-mm/s) va t i n sd cua chung (Hz): Ngud-ng cho phep cua 2 dai lugng tren dugc quy djnh nhu sau:
• Theo quy pham cua Nga: t i e dp dao ddng cho phep cua n i n cdng trinh (Vcp) phu thuoc vao loai cdng trinh va dac dilm cdng tac nd min (Bang 1);
• Theo quy ehuln cua Viet Nam: t i e dp dao dpng cho phep cua nIn cdng trinh phu thuoc vao khoang each tu vj tri nd min d i n cdng trinh (Bang 2).
Blng nhilu cdng trinh nghien cuu thyc nghiem, ngudi ta da xac djnh dugc ring trj s i dao dpng phln tu dIt da tu bai nd truyin d i n cdng trinh phu thuoc chu y l u vao khIi lugng thulc nd tuc thdi Idn nhlt, khoang each Ian truyin va y l u td dja chit mdi trudng truyin sdng dja chan (dac tinh cua cac loai dIt da, cac biln dang dja ting...). M l i quan he giua chung dugc bilu dien theo cdng thuc kinh nghiem.
• Theo Xadovski (Nga):
^ ^ ' (1) V = k
R
Trong dd: V - T i e dp dao ddng cua n I n d l t , mm/s;
Q - KhIi lugng thulc n l ddng thdi, kg; R Khoang each t u lugng thulc d i n diem do, m; k va m la nhung he s i thyc nghiem.
• Theo Cue n l min cua My:
V = k - ^ (2)
IVQJ
CONG NGHIEP MO so 2-2012
CNM
KHOA HOC VA CONG N G H | MOTrong dd: V - Van tic dao dOng phln td dlt d l , O l glim tac dyng chin dOng khi n l mIn cli mm/s; Q Khoi lygng thulc n l tde thdi Idn nhlt, chpn dilm khdi n l va trinh ty n l hgp ly. BSi ni kg; D Khoang each tu vj tri n l din cdng trinh, m; tr6n ting md 10 thi6n t l i thilu cd m|t mat ty do (ni K va b la he s i phy thuOc dilu ki|n dja chit, dja min khi dao hao) va t l i da la 4 mat ty do. B§i mir hinh va chl cd t h i xac djnh dugc thdng qua eon cang nhilu m$t ty do thi hi^u qua n l cdng cao: dl dudng n l min thu nghi|m, do chin d|ng va su da d l phi vd, chit lygng dap vd tit, dac bi^ttat dung phuang phap tinh toan hIi quy. dyng chin d|ng gilm rlt nhilu.
Bang 1. Toe dp dao ddng cho ph§p Vcp cua nin cdng trinh.
LUqi c u i l y 1111II1
Nha d panel t i m Ion, nha da cu, tugng dai k i l n true, lich s u
Nha d cac loai (tru' panel t i m Idn), nha vSn phong, nha cdng nghiep cd ibien dang, ndi hai
[Nha van phdng. nha cong nghiep, ^ng khdi cao, tuy nen dudng sit, c l u van tai Nha cdng nghiep 1 t i n g , cac cong trinh b6 tdng c6t th6p, dud'ng h i m thuy loi. v6 16 be tong vdm tree
Nha go loai nhe Benh vien, nha tre
Nha tren n I n d l t y l u , trugt Id
Toe do cho phep, cm/sl No nhiGu Ian No mot Ian
14-1,5 3 5 12
5 1 1
3 .M
6 1
10 1
24 1
10
Bang 2 Ngudng dao ddng cho phep (Tlico QCVN 02 2008/BCT) j Khoang each td vj tri nd min d i n cdng trinh g i n nhlt
i TuO den 91,4m T u 92 d i n 1524 m 1 1524 trd len
van t i c dao dpng eye trj cho phep, mm/s 31,75
25,4 19 1.1. No min khi dao hao (cd mdt mat ty do)
Bai min khi dao hao ehuln bj (cd mdt mat ty do) no trong dilu kien khd khan nhlt va chit lugng n l kem nhlt, dac biet tac dyng chin ddng rat Idn.
Dk nang cao hieu qua va giam thilu chin dpng khi n l , cln su dung sa d l rach, ebon dilm khdi nd d phia cd cdng trinh cln bao ve.
Trong tit ca cac trudng hgp nen su dyng phuang tien n l phi dien d l dlu ghep mang n l . Khi dd d l dilu khiln hudng Ian truyin n l va hudng
Ian truyin sdng chin ddng (H.I) 1.2 No min tren tang md Id thien.
•:• Trong trudng hgp n l tren ting ed mat ty do d dlu bai thi nen dat dilm khdi no d dlu bai n l (H.2a) nlu bai nd dai va khdng cd mat ty do d dlu bai thi dat dilm khdi nd d gida bai hang ngoai cung, luc dd sa dd vi sai ed dang n§m tam giac (H.2b). Trong 2 trudng hgp tren thi dat dilm khdi n l d dlu bai tac dung chin dpng se nhd ban, mudn giam chin dpng khi dung sa d l n§m thi cln lam lech pha giua 2 nhanh (H.2e).
•:• Trinh ty khdi nd trong mdt bai n l cung ed tac dung lam giam sdng chin ddng: Muln giam chin dpng phia nao thi phai dat dilm khdi nd d phia dd nghTa la hudng khdi n l cua ca bai min phai ngygc ehilu vdi hudng v l d l i tugng c l n bao vd (H.3).
2. K i t qua giam sat c h i n dpng mdt s i dot no min thi^c nghiem
2.1. Doi vdi the gidi
Nam 1988, d md da Sagmania (An DO) da tiln hanh 5 dgt n l min thyc nghiem N°UN°5 d l danh gia anh hudng cua hydng khdi n l din tac dyng chin d0ng khi n l min. Mdi dgt n l cd quy m6 ktiac nhau, hydng khdi n l khac nhau va do toe dO dao dOng cua nin d l t d 3 vj tri (A. B, C) khlc niiau (H.4). Kit qua n l thyc nghiem dygc trinh bay 6 Bang 3. Ty kit qua trdn ta thly:
• Tie dO dao ddng cua nIn d l t a phia dlu bai min bao gid cQng nhd han a culi bai min (VA<Vi|
• Phia b l mat ty do cd t i c dp dao dpng nen dlt nhd ban phia khdng cd b l mat ty do (VC>VA VC>VB);
• Khi khIi lygng thulc n l tde thdi (d mot ms^
ch|m) clng Idn thi t i c dp dao dpng cua nIn d§
cang Idn. Dilu dd t h i hi^n g 2 dgt n l s i 1 va s62 Tu dd ta rut ra k i t lu$n: D l giam tac dung ^^f d0ng khi n l min c l n thilt k l bai min cd nhilujfn?
ty do, dilm khdi n l g i n cdng trinh c l n bao v$ vj hydng truyin n l ra xa cdng trinh, giam t l i da kho lygng n l tuc thdi a mpt myc cham (nhdng lu'on!
thulc n l vdi thdi gian dan each < 8 ms) CONG NGHIEP MO SO 2 - 2 0 1 2
KHOA HOC VA CONG N G H I M 6
• • • • • • • • • • •
17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 \^17 \17 ,17 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 '_ 42 42 •,
^ 1 7 ^ 1 7 ^ 1 7 ^ 1 7 ^ 1 7 ^ 1 7 ^ 1 7 ^ 1 7 ^ 1 7 ^ 1 7 ^ 1 7
• • • • • • • • • • •
H.1. Sa dd didu khiin nd khi ddo hio.
» A/
17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 j17 j17
30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
• * • • • i t * t .r • r t
30 30 30 30 30 130 30 30 30 30 30 30 j 30
•4.'' . < " •^'' •*'^ •*'' i « " y " • . " » ; " » . " *. " »i " »i H.2. Sa do dieu khien no khi pha va dat da a tren tang.
* * * * * * *
25 25 25 25 25 25 25
• « • • 4 « 4
25 25 25 25 25 25 25
35 ^35 35 !35
t- • •• t
35 35 35 35
••-
17
17
17
V
- . . 17
. . "
-It-
17
17
17
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" 1
120"
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17 4
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35 , '7
35 17
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• « - i ^ — • « - ^ ^ —I t - ^— • « ^
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35
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35
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A 35
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17 *•
» 35
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35
3S
A 35 - » • -
35
35
35 -••-
35
35
35 -Hl»
H.3. Sa do quan h$ giO-a hutrng khdi no vdi tic dijng chin dgng.
A
Ml
0
•
25
• 50
Hi/6ng
• 75
Truyen nd
Mat Tu Do
• •
100 125
C
• 150 175 200 A
225
. 0
250
, 0
275 ! B
l-i.4. Sa dd no vi sai phi dien vai 3 vi tri do toe do dao ddng cua nen dat (A, B, C).
2.2 Ket qua do tac dung chan dgng kh; no D l danh gia anh hudng vj tri khdi nd den tac dung lln thipc nghiem a mot so ^,Q aa a Viet Nam chin dong khi nd vi sai phi dien, nhom tac gia da tiln
CdNGNGHl£PMOS02-2012
CNM KHOA HOC VA
C O N G N G H £ M 6hanh do toe dp dao dpng cua nIn dlt d nhung hydng di$n. Sa d l dlu gh6p mang n l va b l tri cac dilm do khac nhau khi nd min thyc nghiem d cac md khai thac thi hi0n d H.5. Kit qua do dugc thi hi^n d Bang 4.
da: Ninh Dan (Xi mang Sdng Thao, Phu Thp), Van Xa b. Md da Van Xa: Dudng kinh l l khoan: d=105 (Xi mang Luks, Thua Thi§n Hul), Niii Ong Cau (Cdng mm; chit n l su dyng: AD-1, ANFO, nhu tuang EE- ty Hda An 1, Ba Ria Vung Tau). Kit qua nhu sau: 31; phuang ti$n n l : vi sai phi di$n. Sa d l dlu gfi6p
a. Mo da Ninh Din: Dudng kinh l6 khoan: d=102 va vj tri do dugc t h i hi|n d H.6. Kit qua do dupfc mm; chit nl su dgng: AD-1; phuang ti|n nl: vi sai phi thi hi$n d Blng 5,
Bang 3. T6C dd dao ddng cua nin dit trong 5 dat nd thu'C nghi$m. _
N^' 1 2 3 4 5
Tong khoi lupng ttiu6c _ n6(kg)_
825 826 470 559 716
Khoi lugng thuoc no cue dai d mot muc
cham (kg) 69 310 158 186 195
Khoang each do tinh tii' trpng tam
bai no (m) 120 120 140 120 180
S l hang min 1 hang 1 hang 1 hang 2 hang 2 hang
Tde dp dao ddng cua
^dat (mnVs) tai vj tri do
"m
6,75 15,03
4,94 10,32
7,37
B 17,73 24,78
6,51 18,57 10,65
21,17 27,27 18,32 26,46 25,10
400 42
«00 17 400 17 400
\! 400 17 400
/-/ 5 So do dau gliep mang nd va vi tii cac diem do (B. C).
Bang 4 Ket qua do 2 dot thu' nghiem
•
<x
• « 0
' •
iX
I~I6 Sodo dau ghep mang nd va vi th cac 6dm do (A. C).
N- Khoi lupng thuoc
I __ nd kg
948
Khoang each do, m 08=165
Tde 6^tim i p i
B (Vs-mm/s) 16,9
30 dong tai C (Vc-mm/s)
720 0C=165 10,6
Bang 5. Ket qua do tde do dao ddng cua nen dat.
.,: Khoi luong thuoc N • ,^
1 no, kg
1 1948 1 2 i 1000
Khoang each do, m 0A=300 0C=600
Toe dp dao dpng cua nen dlt (mm/s) Tai A (VA)
10,8
Tai C (Vc)
2,0 _ . Bang 6. Ket qua do tde dd dao ddng cua nen dat.
N"
1 2
Khoi lugng thuoc no (kg) 3500
3500
Khoang each do (m) 228
190
Dilu kien n l 3 mat tu do 2 mat tu do
VA (mm/s) 6,74 8,15 c. Mo da Nui Ong Cau: Duong kinh lo khoan:
d=105 mm; chat nd sd dung: AD-1, ANFO, nhu tuang EE-31; phuang tien nl: vi sai phi di^n. Dilm do dugc b l tri d phia khu dan cu, each bai nl: 0A=190-^228m.
Kit qua do 2 dgt n l dugc thi hi^n d Bang 6. Qua kit qua nl thyc nghiem, ta cd nhan xet:
•:• Tie dp dao ddng cua nIn dlt phia culi bai n l Idn han dau bai n l .
•:• Tie dp dao dpng cua nIn dlt phia b l mat ty do nhd ban t i c dp dao dpng phia culi bai n l va
phia doi dien vai be mat t y do.
• Bai min clng nhilu mat ty do thi tac dung chin dOng cang nhd.
Kit qua do tic d | dao dpng cua nIn dlt khi no thyc nghiem tai Vidt Nam cung phu hgp vdi ket
qua n l min thyc nghidm d nude ngoli. | 3. K i t l u l n
• Phyang phap n l rriin vi sai toan phln, da"
ghdp blng phyang tidn n l phi didn la phyang pfi^P n l cd hiau qui nhat, giam thilu tac dpng mdi truo'ng, CONG NGHIEP MO SO 2 2012
KHOA HOC VA CdNG NGHl MO CNM
dac biet la tac dung chin ddng.
<• Sa dd dlu ghep mang n l blng phuang tien n l phi diep la sa dd linh boat, uyIn chuyin nhlt, de dang thay ddi dugc hudng truyin n l va hudng truyin sdng chin dpng, dam bao an toan cho nhung cdng trinh xung quanh
V Khi nd min, chan dpng manh nhlt la culi bai min, chin ddng nhd nhlt la phia b l mat ty do. VI vay, bai min cang nhilu mat ty do cang tit va dilm khdi n l hgp ly nhlt la dilm gin cdng trinh cln bao v? va hudng sdng truyin ra xa cdng trinh.•
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nhu Van Bach va nnk. Nghien edu cac giai phap nhlm nang cao hieu qua va giam tac dyng cd hai din mdi trud-ng khi no min khai thac md da vdi van Xa-Cdng ty HH Xi mang Luks (Vi^t Nam). Bao cao khoa hpc v l d l tai NCKH-PVSX. Tm-dng DH Md-Dja chit. 2009.
2. Quy ehuln ky thuat Quie gia v l an toan trong bao quan, van chuyin, su dyng va tieu buy VLNCN. QCVN 02:2008/BCT, Ha Ndi. 2008.
3. P.K. Singh, W. Vogt, D.P Singh. Effect of direction of initiation on ground vibrations. International Joumal of Surface Mining and Environment 12.1988.
4. G.R Adrikari, A.I. Theresrat. Ground vibrations due to Blasting in Limestones Quarries. Fragblast
International Joumal for Blasting and Framentation, Volume 8.2004.
Ngudi bien tap: Ho S/ Giao
NGHIEN CUU TUYEN QUANG...
^(Tiep theo trang 31)
• San phIm thai ed ham lugng Ti02, ZrOa rlt thlp ed t h i thai bd dugc;
• San phIm trung gian ed ham lugng Ti02;
Zr02 la 9 va 5,77 %, cln phai xu ly tilp.
K i t lu^n
•:• Khi thi nghiem tren hai thilt bj mang xoln va ban dai d l lly ra qulng tinh tuyIn trpng lyc. San phIm quang tinh tuyIn trpng lyc dua di tuyIn tu d cudng dO tu trudng 2500 atstet da lly ra dugc quang tinh inmenit dat TCVN, vdi muc thyc thu khoang 90 %.^
<* San phIm khdng tu dua tuyIn di^n 6k lly ra san phIm rutin, tuy nhien ham lugng Ti02 trong san phIm din di$n rlt thlp. San phlm khdng dan dipn dua di tuyIn tu d cudng dp tu trudng cao 10000 atstet d l lay ra san phlm cd tu. Kit qua tuyIn tu cho thly ham lugng TiOa trong san phlm ed tu khdng cao.
•:• San phlm khdng tu dua di tuyIn dai 6k lly ra quang tinh zircon. Kit qua dai da lly ra dugc quang tinh zircon dat chit lugng tieu thu tren thj trudng trong nude vdi muc thyc thu gin 70 %.
Sa d l kiln nghj tuyIn loai mau quang titan- zircon Suli Nhum cho d H.2.n
Ngudi bien tap: Tran Van Trach
^ SUMMARY Non electricity deferential blasting is the model blasting method guaranteeing the breaking efficiencies for rock and decreasing the bed impacts on the environment. Non electricity deferential blasting schemes are flexible and effective for real conditions in the nature.
UruHTiSiiif
1. Ddc hay b con ngirdi khdng the do ludng b su cd gang ma d viec lam. 6. Pascal.
2. ich Idi Idn nhat cua kien thdc la giup ta hieu rd ban than va day ta biet each xd the.
S. Ambroise.
3. Huyen thoai nhu mot gian giao nang dd Ijch sd. Neu chung ta cd tinh gd bd gian giao do thi toan bo Ijch sd se bj sup do. F Hegel.
VTH siAJ tim
SUMMARY
Titanium placer ore deposit Suoi Nhum, located at Ham Thuan Nam, Binh Thugn province, consists of two types of ores-red and grey. This paper is to describe briefly several important properties of ore samples as well as of their size fractions including: mineral composition, particle size distribution and chemical composition. Test separation studies included: gravity separation (by spirals and shaking tables); medium-intensity magnetic separation (2500 Oersted) of gravity concentrates in order to obtain ilmenite concentrate; high tension separation of non- magnetic fraction at tension of 20 KV in order to separate out njtile product; high-intensity magnetic separation (10.000 (Dersted) of non-conductive fraction and shaking table separation of non- magnetic fraction in order to obtain zircon concentrate. As results of the studies, there were obtained ilmenite concentrate with Ti02 content exceeding 54 % (this meets Vietnamese standards) and zircon concentrate containing more than 62 % of Zr02 that can be consumed in the domestic market.
CdNG NGHIEP MO SO 2-2012
