KHO KHAN TAM Ll TRONG HOAT DONG HOC TAP
CUA SINH VIEN DAN TOC THIEU SO THUfiNG CAO DANG SON LA
ThS. BUI DUC M I N H '
1. Sinh vien (SV) dan tdc thieu so (DTTS) phan kjn deu xuait than td nhdng gia dinh ed kinh te khd khan, trinh dp dan tri ciia bo me thap, iai thudng hpe tap d mdi ta/dng phd'thdng khdng thuan Igi. Vi the, trinh dp dau vao eiia nhung SV nay khdng cao, nhieu em tieng phothong chua thao, chua manh dan trong giao luu hpc hdi, kha nang thich img thap... Chinh nhung yeu to nay da gay khdng it nhung khd khan tam li (KKTL) cho SV trong qua trinh hpc tap.
Bieu hien eiia KKTL trong boat ddng hpe tap (HDHT) dugc the hien d b a mat eo ban eiia ddi sd'ng tam li eon ngudi. dd la nhan thdc, thai dp va hanh vi.
Ba m§t nay cd mdl quan he, tac dpng qua lai lln nhau, la mpt ehinh the thd'ng nha't tao ra cau tnic tam li eon ngudi, Thdng thudng neu nhan thdc dung d i n den thai dp diing, hanh vi diing. Do vay, trong qua trinh hpc tap. mud'n thao gd KKTL chii the'can chii y quan tam den caba mat tren.
Chiing tdi da dieu tra. khao sat tim hieu thue trang KKTL trong HDHT eua S V DTTS Ta/dng Cao dang (CO) Son La (tu thang 1 den thang 8/2012), thdng qua cac phuong phap: dieu tra b^ng phieu hoi; phdng vain; quan sat; nghien cdu ta/dng hgp; thd'ng ke toan hpc. chiing toi thu duoc ket qua nhu sau:
2. Thuc trang KKTL trong HDHT cua SV DTTS trudng CD Son La
1) Tlf danh gia eua SV ve KKTL noi ehung trong HDHT cua hp [xem bang 1)
Bang 1. Tudanh gia ctia SV DTTS ve nhimg KKTL trong HDHT (xet theo khach the)
sn
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nhien va khoa Ngoai ngu. chiing tdi thaiy phan Idn SV DTTS d ca 3 khoa deu eho r^ng cd gap KKTL trong HDHT va mdc dp chenh lech nhau la khdng dang ke (90,9 %; 95,7 %; 92.2 %}, SV d 3 khoa deu cd rat it ngudikhdng gap KKTL trong HDHT vamucdpchenh lech nhau eung khdng nhieu (9,1 %; 4 . 3 % ; 7.8%).
Bang2. Tin suit xuat hien KKTL trong HBHT cua SV D TTS (xet theo khach the)
STt
1 2 3
i h n g
N
X
SD
Qiem Irung binh ( X ) Uieo nhdm GA»/fih
Nam 99 2,11 0.71
NQ 101 2,27 0,6D
iVna LDXH
66 i,ea 0,74
SPTN 70 2.»
0,60 NN e4 2,27 0,64
NSm hoc NSmJ
73 2,4B 0,5S
NSm2NSm:
67 2,01 0,72
60 2,03 0,71
Chung
200 2,19 0,70
Ket qua d bang 1 cho thay, co den 93,0 % so SV DTTS cua Trudng CD Son La di/ac dieu tra da gap KKTL ttongquatrinti hoc lap.Con laimol so li/ong rail it 7,0 % SV ctio rSng Ithong gap I(h6 khan trong HDHT cua minh.
So sanh 3 l(hoa: Lao dpng xa hoi. S u pham tu * Tni8i{C» daneSini la
Ket qua a bang 2 cho thaiy: tan suat xuat hien nhiJng KKTL trong HBHT cua SV DTTS Tn/dng CD Son La vcri diem tnjng binh ehung ciJa ca 3 khoa la ( 7 = 2,19)vadglechchuan{SD = 0,7a).Daylami)c diem kho khan tmng binh (1,68 < = 2,34).
So sanh giija cac khoa l_ao dong xahoi, Supham tu nhien, khoa Ngoai ngd ehung toi nhan thay, miJc do kho khan trong hoc tap cua ba khoa co su khac bieL Khoa S u pham T u nhien co muc diem tnjng binh cao nhat ( 7 = 2,43) va co do phan tan thap nhat/mi>c do tap tmng cac gia tri cao (dp lech chuan SD = 0,60). Nhu vay, SV DTTS d khoa S u pham tu nhien co tan suat xuait hien KKTL cao nhat (thucmg xuyen gap phai KKTL); diJng thu'2 la khoa Ngoai ngU vcti diem tmng binh (J = 2,27 va SD = 0,64). Cuoi cung la khoa Lao dong xa hpi vdi so diem tmng binh thap nhat ( 7 = 1,86) nhung dophan tan giiia cac gia tri lai cao nhait (SD = 0,74). Oiem tmng binh nay the hien khoa Lao dpng xa hpi c6 tan suat KKTL tmng binh, n j m trong khoang (1,68 < A" < 2,34), va cung la khoa cd tan suat gap phai KKTL it nhat trong so 3 khoa duoc nghien cuu.
Ben canh viec tan suat KKTL trong HBHT giua
(kl2-512013)- Tap chi Ciuo due so 310 | i j
cac khoa la khac nhau thi giua nam va nucung co su chenh lech. Qua ket qua cua bang 2, diem tmng binh veKKTLtrong HDHTcuanOSV ( 7 = 2,27)cao hon diem tmng binh cua nam SV ( 7 = 2,11). Bieu ddthe hien. trong quatrinh hoc tap oTmdng CD Son La, nu SV DTTS gap KKTL Irong HBHT vdi tan suat cao hon nam SV DTTS.
2) Nhung KKTL trong HBHT cua SV DTTS Trudng CO San La (xem bang 3)
Bingl. NhmgKKTL Iwng HBHT cila SV DTTS Trucfng CD Scm La
7) Kho tap tmng chu y; 8) Khd thich Ung vdi kieu smh hoatmdi;9) Khd tim tai lieu; 10) Chua hieu muc dich/
dgng cP cua viec hpc; 11) Khd hieu tai lieu; 12) Kho kiem scat cam xuc ban than; 13) Khd siidung ngdn n g j 16) Khong hung thu hpc; 15) Chua hie'u nhiing khai niem bang ngdn ngi; cua ngudi Kinh.
3) Moi tuang quan giua KKTL trong HBHTva liet qui tigc tap
Bang 4. Mdl tuang quan giiia KKTL va ket qua hoc t^
cua SV DTTS
STT
1 7 1 4
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Chua Irtu nMMg IM> rutin Mng noSrngOcuangiAlXnli
Maii*h'^i»9*oi<tn tmbt K W t k i k u i a c f i u *
lO&IUbn kll phii M u KhiJt«chi)ngvdllu«tjsrit<h())lire]t KM U f a K>« cim lOc bin t i t n KM i b i « i M van hoc ItP K M i m a b f c K M M u t t ^ u T i l t %
T l U l t NghiSm
*1S
S4,0 10 15 S30 690 540 280 625 560 200 590 40,0 42 0 43,9
' C
345 17,0 360 51,5 B65 31,5 21,5 295 44,0 25,0 170 665 260 44,5 26,0 37,7
Khing nghiim
240 50 10,0 45 5 120 135 9,5 16,5 28,0 12 5 270 135 140 15,5 30,0 184
Oittn
V
2 IS 2,73 2,44 1,55 1,89 2,39 2,60 23B 2,00 2,50 229 2,07 244 224 2,12 225 SD
079 0S4 OF?
0,51 n;is 0?1 0<»
n7S 0 75 0 7(1 0R6 0 57 072 0 70 OM 067 7B
9
4 14 13 5 2 6 IJ 1 7 11 4 a 10
Banp5ehothay:TR3ngsd200SV DTTS Trudng CO Son La dUOC hdi ve nhdng KKTL trong HDHT cua eac em, cd 43,9 % SV tra Idi d mdc dp nghiem tnjng, 37,7 % SV tra Icri la It nghiem trpng. 18,4 % SV tra Idi la khdng nghiem trpng; diem trung binh 'x = 2.25 va dd lech chuan SD = 0,67. Ket qua nay eho thay, SV DTTS Trudng CD Son La dang gap KKTL trong HDHT d mdc dp tnjng binh (nam trong gidi han 1.67 < J ^2,34) va mdc dp tap trung cae gia tri cao/dp phan tan thap SD = 0.67. the hien su tap tmng trong eae tra Idi cua S V duoc khao sat. Trong sd 15KKTL duoc tra Idi, cd7/15KKTL,SV tra Idi CO diem trung binh dmue dp3 (khdkhan cao), 7/15 KKTL SV tra Idi ed diem tnjng binh d mue dp 2 (kho khan trung binh) va 1/15 KKTL CO so diem trung binh dmdc d p i (khd khSn thap).
Trong cac i<KTL duoc dua ra, mde do KKTL la A/)acn/?au.Cd7/15 KKTL dmdc dpcao(e62 KKTL b§ng diem nhau); 7/15 KKTL d mdc dp tmng binh;
01/15 KKTL dmdc dp (hap dugc s^p xep theo thu tu sau: 1) Chua n^m vung phuong phap hpc; 2) Ngai tiep xuc vdi giao vien, ban be; 3) Khd tutin khi phat bieu; 4) Khd s i p xep thdi gian hpc tap; 5) Chua hieu each day cua giao vien; 6) Ludn to lang trong hpe tap;
18 Tap chi Gido due so 310
Correlabons
K61 qua hoc l$p
TfingmiJcdOKK
Peaison Cone ia ion S>g(2-teied) N Pearaon Correlation Sig (2-tailed)
K^tquihpct^p 1
zoa - « r .000
T^ngmiJcaftKK - 4 2 r
000 200 1
(••). Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-lailBd).
Ket qua cho thay, he sd tuong quan R = - 0,421.
eho phep ket luan giua KKTL trong HDHT va ketqua hpe tap CO tuong quan nghjeh {he sd tuong quan R cd ket qua am tinh). Dieu nay cd nghTa la SV c6 mdc dp KKTL cang cao (diem tnjng binh cao) thi ket qua hpe tap cang thap, Va nguoe lai neu SV gap KKTL d mdc dp cang thap, it kho khan (diem taing IJinh thap) thi ket qua hpe tap cang eao.
3. Nguyen nhan gay ra KKTL trong HDHT cua SVDTTS
KKTL trong hpc tap eua SV do eae nguyen nhSn chinh ca ehu quan va khach quan gay nen. Trong do nguyen nhan ehu quan co anh hudng nhieu hon nguyen nhan khach quan. Trong nhung nguyen nhan ehu quan, nguyen nhan anh hudng Idn nhat la: -Nang lue hpc tap va nghien euu han che; - Chua thich dng vol phuong phap hpc tap; • Do ban than chua tich cue ehu dpng; - Cam thay khong tutin khi trao doivdi ban be. thay cd giao; -Dpng co chpn nghe eua ehinh ban than chua phu hpfp; • Chua hdng thu vdi nganh da ehpn; - Danh nhieu thdi gian vao viee khae... Nguyen nhan khach quan anh hudng Idn nhat la: - Phuong phap giang day cua giao vien; - Lupng tri thdc hpe a CD quanhieu; -Thieu sach. giao trinh, tai lieu hpc tap;
- Nhdng bien dpng Idn vemdi tnj'dng song va hpc tSp;
-anh hudng cua each hpc phothong; - Khdng cosd dpng v;en kjp thdi tu gia dinh...
4. T d nhung ket qua khao sat tren. de khac phuc KKTL trong hpc tap, theo chiing tdi. SV can suy nghT tich cue ve cudc sdng, y thdc dupc muc dp nghiem trpng eua nhung KKTL minh gap phal; ludn dat minh
-(ki2-5/2013)
trong tap the. giup dd moi ngudi va biet dya vao ban be. ngucri than, dae biet la biet dua vao nhdng ngudi cd chuyen nion khi gap KKTL de cd each giai quyet phd hop nhait. SV eung can xay dung ke hoach hpc tap va sinh hoat phu hpp; tich cue tham gia mon hpe
"gia tri sdng. kl nang sdng" do nha trudng to chdc hang ki. Giang vien can cd each danh gia phii hpp dua tren nhung kha nang, nang luc, dae diem tieh cue va han che cua SV DTTS. t d d d dua ra nhung each thdc tac dfflig phu hc^ trong hpc tap eua SV. Quan tam ehu trpng hon nda den viee hudng d i n SV each thdc (phuong phap) ITnh hdi tri thdc. Hinh thanh cho SV cd phuong phap tu hpc, tu nghien cdu dap ung duoc yeu cau va nhiem vy hpc tap d mdi trudng mdi.
Trong khi ap dung cac phuong phap day hpe tich cue can phai chu y tdi dae diem doi tuong la eae em SV DTTS. Nhatn/dng to chdc cho SV trao doi cae bud'i ngoai khoa, dinh hudng nghe nghiep de t d d d hinh thanh dpng co hpc tap, li tudng nghe nghiep, the gkifl quan dung dan cho S V . a
Tdi ll^uthiim khdo
1. NguySn Thj Thanh Binh. Nghien ciiu mflt s^tr&ng^i tdm ll trong giao tiip ciia sinh viin v&i hpc sinh khi ih^tc /(Jp l.5> flgW^p, Lujln i n T i i n sT Tam li hpc. 19%
2. Hd Ngoc Dai. TSm li hoc d a y hoc. NXB Gido due.
H 1983
3. I ^ a m M i n h Hac. H a n h v i v a h o a t dong. Vi^n Khoa hQC giao due, Ha NOi. 1983
4. Nguyin Minh Hai. Kho k h d o t a m Ii trong q u a trinh giai toan cua hoc sinh tieu hoc. NXB Gido due, H.1998.
5. Nguyen Ke' Hao, Giao t r i n h t a m li hoc lira tudi va tam li hpc s u p h a m . NXB Dai hoc supham, H. 2005 6. Dang VO Ho^it. Li luan d a y hoc dai hoc. NXB Dai hoc supham, H. 2004.
7. Bui Dinh My. "Tim hi^u v^n dS dae trung iam li dan Iftc". Klyiu hdi nghi tdm It hgc (lan thir 5). 1983 8. Nguyen XuSn T h u c . "MOt s6' trd ngai tam li trong giao ti^p giUa giao vifin v^ sinh vien dai hpc".
Tgp chi Idm li hoc. s6 6/2003.
SUMMARY
Psychological difficulties in awareness, attitude and behavior, a real psychological phenomenon, has happened to ethnic minority students in Son La Coi- led (Female has more than male: first-year and third- year students have more than second-year ones).
These difficulties, caused by both subjective and objective reasons, need to be considered and stud- ied further more. Researching this problem may be help to find out solutions to improving training qual- ity of school in recent days.
Phan loai bao lire hpc Oirdng...
(Tmp theo trang 11}
Tdi tl^u t h a m k h d o
1. BO GD-DT. Hu&ng ddn cdng idc h(>c sinh. sinh viin. ngogi khda vd v ti Iru&ng h{>c ndm hgc 2012- 2 0 / J . Ha NOi. 2012.
2. Patrick Burton. "Suffering at school Results of the Malawi Gender-Based Violence in Schools Survey ".
Institute Tor Security Studies, South Africa, 2005.
3. Peper S. Erin. "The relationship between school violence, childhood anger, and the use of prevention!, and intervention in schools " A research paper. The Graduate college. University of Wisconsin. 2002.
SUMMARY
Through a study of theories and situations of school violence among Vietnamese high school stu- dents, the Investigator classified behaviors of school violence basing on the four main criteria: causes, behavioral effects, areas and violent students' inten- tion to determine relevant behaviors of school vio- lence. The investigator also suggested a range of in novativc approaches of school violence classification.
Theoretically, the study set the first few steps for further studies on school violence to find possible solutions of the Issue in Vietnamese high schools.
Phat trien nang I p hoat dong...
(Tiep theo trang 16)
- Hieu trudng nha ta/dng can dam bao cac dieu kien CO sdvat chait, tai chinh eho hoat dpng. •
Tdi lieu t h a m k h a o
1. Nguyin Van CtJ. Vai trd cua hogl ddng xa hdi dSi vdi SIX hinh thdnh nhdn cdch sinh viin truang Dai hgc Mo - Dia chdt. HOi nghj khoa hpc Dai hpc Mo - Dja ch^l Idn thii 14, H. 11/2000.
2. Thich Thien Chanh. De xudl mdi so hogi ddng xa hdi cua Tdng Ni Sinh 6 nhiing iritimg Phdt hgc. Dang tren website www.daophatngaynay.com.
SUMMARY
Capacity development in social activities for stu- dents not merely towards students in healthy activi- ties, useful to society and themselves, but also equip them with practical knowledge, basic skills and emo- tions between man and man in the community. For pedagogic students, due to occupational characteris- tics, they are required to have some special capablU- Ues such as communication skills, activity organiza- tional skills, skills on behavior and treatment ofpeda- go0cal situations...
