C H I N H S A C H D O I N G O A I C U A U K R A I N A
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V A V I T R I C H A U A
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Ths. Tran Phirong Hoa
Vien Nghien ciiu Chdu An
B a i viet nay trinh bay khai quat ve chinh sach doi ngoai cua Ukraina ke t u nam
1991 cho den 2010. T r o n g khoang thai gian nay da co m o t so cong trinh nghien cuu ve chinh sach doi ngoai an n i n h cua Ukraina duoc xuat ban. Co hai t h a i diem so l u g n g dau sach ra nhieu nhat la cuoi nhung nam 1990 va dau n h u n g nam 2000, k h i Ukraina da dan dinh h i n h chinh sach d o i ngoai va an ninh sau 10 nam cai each va khang dinh m i n h tren t r u a n g quoc te. T h a i diem t h u hai, vai so dau sach it han la vao nam 2005, sau cuoc Cach mang C a m 2004, dugc coi la cuoc each mang cuoi cung trong chudi cac cuoc each mang mau sac trong k h o n g gian hau X o viet. N a m 2010, sau k h i T o n g thong Y a n u k o v i c h len nam quyen, da le te xuat hien nhurig bai bao danh gia va d u bao ve dinh huong doi ngoai ciia Ukraina. Co the noi, hau het nhung b i n h luan ve chinh sach doi ngoai ciia Ukraina deu xoay quanh hai doi tac quan trong cua nuac nay la E U va Nga. Ban than Ukraina va nen chinh tri cua Ukraina cung luon the hien nhung tinh toan trong m o i quan he v a i hai cudng quoc nay.
Ngoai ra, quan he v d i M y va N A T O cung la noi dung dugc de cap den. T r o n g k h i do.
chau A d u d n g n h u it xuat hien trong cac nghien c u u neu tren.
Cuon sach dugc coi la cong trinh dau tien trinh bay m o t each he thong va co ca sd ly thuyet ve chinh sach ddi ngoai cua Ukraina trong 10 nam dau sau k h i tuyen bd ddc lap dugc xuat ban nam 2002 v d i ten goi Chinh sdeh ddi ngoai vd an ninh cua
Ukraina: Quan diem ly thuyet vd so sanh (Ukrainian Foreign and Security Policy:
Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives) cua M o r o n e y1. Day la cudn sach dua ra nhieu van de, quan d i e m da dang, tham chi ddi lap nhau ve d i n h h u d n g chien luge chinh sach ddi ngoai va an ninh cua Ukraina. Cudn sach 298 trang nay g d m 3 phan, khdng ke phan M d dau va Ket luan. Phan I cd tua de
"Nhung han che cua chit nghia hien thuc".
phan tich nhung han che cua viec nghien cuu quan he d d i ngoai cua Ukraina neu tiep can t u chu nghTa hien thuc. N h u n g nghien c u u theo h u d n g nay t h u d n g qua chu trong den viec Ukraina da that bai trong xay dung chinh sach ddi ngoai dua tren cac nhan td ndi 'Moroney, J.D.P, Kuzio T & Molchanov. Ukrainian
Foreign and Security Policy: Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives. Praeger, Westport, C I . and London, 2002. 298 pp.
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lire. Nhieu tac gia cho rang viec tiep can toi chinh sach doi ngoai eua Ukraina tir quan diem cau true (constructivism) la kha thi hon. Roman W o l c z u k n h i n xet: "Se la mot cau hoi ngu ngoc "Xudc Phap la gi? ", vdy ma gdn Jay chi thay ngudi ta mdi miet di tim can ira led cho cdu hoi "Ukraina la gi? \
"Suae Sga Id gi ". ddn Jen nhirng be tdc ve ly [buyer"'. V a n de t h u d n g true trong dau oe cac nha hoach dinh chi'nh sach doi ngoai eua Ukraina ke tir k h i nuoc nay gianh doe lap nam 1991 la lam sao khang dinh ban sac Ukraina tren t r u d n g quoc te. trong k h i ban than noi bp Ukraina eon chua thong nhat ve ban sac dan toe cua nude nay. Phdn I I cua cuon sach gidi [hieu nhirng van de lien quan den an ninh cua Ukraina. trong do cd yeu to q:,j>: su Cac t i c gia edr.g n h i n r i n g Ukraina da thanh cone trong viec ke thua sue manh quan su eo t u thdi L i e n X d cu v d i v i the doe lap m d i eua Ukraina. Tuy nhien. de tai ve xay dung sue manh qudc phong eua Ukraina hien van chua duoc nghien cuu sau n h u n h i n dinh eua nhieu tac gia. Phan t h i i I I I cua cuon sach trinh bay ve "Xhung dinh hudng cua chinh sdeh ddi ngoai vd an ninh Ukraina . u o n g do dinh h u d n g chau A u van dupe coi la uu tien hang dau doi v d i Ukraina.
Cac tac gia da cira tren nhieu ly thuyet quan he quoc te. trong do chu yeu thien ve chu nghia cau true (constructivism) hon la chu nghia hien thue (realism). N h a n xet vd
Wolczuk R. (.2004). Book review: Ukrainian Foreign -rj SCVI.'-.TV PciLy: Theoretical and Comparatn-e Perspectives. Europe-Asia Studies. Vol 56. No2 (Mar.. 2004). p.322.
chinh sach doi ngoai eua Ukraina ke tu nam 1991 cho den nay. mot so tac gia cho rang:
"Ukraina tien hanh mdt chinh sach ddi ngoai bdt on dinh vd de lung lay. Kiev chua dua ra mdt cam kin chinh [hong nao ve bai cu mdt dinh hudng uu tien nao " \ T r o n g khi do. mpt so khac n h i n thay dinh h u o n g chinh sach than p h u o n g Tay eua U k r a i n a Id rd.
P h i n tich eua Paul D ' A n i e r i dupe coi la phu hop hon ca: "Hien nay. tu tudng nhdm lung cudng hinh anh Jem tdc va dong ca dia chinh tri cua Ukraina deu the hien [rong chinh sach ddi ngoai cua ho: thiet lap quan he vdi chdu Au. doc lap vdi .\ga nhung khdng hoan toan cat diet vdi Xga. Theo toi, do la chinh sach cua Ukraina trong 10 nam qua (1991-2001)' . Tren thuc te. hau het eac tac gia deu nhan thay hai k h u y n h h u o n g noi troi trong c h i n h sach ddi ngoai eua Ukraina:
khang dinh v i the doe lap t u chu va dinh h u o n g than p h u o n g Tay n l i u n g van du> tri quan he v d i Nga.
N e u cuon sach do M o r o n e y lam chu bien dupe coi la g i o i thieu mdt each eo he thdng hon ca ve c h i n h sach ddi ngoai eua Ukraina thi trudc do. nam 19QQ mdt loat eac sach da xuat b i n p h i n tich quan he cua Ukraina v d i N g a . v d i p h u o n g Tay. trong dd co chau A u va N A T O . D d la iihune cudn:
"Cham diet su ma rpng NATO: cdc qudc gia Baltic. NATO rd Ukraina" (Endgame in XA TO s enlargement: the Baltic States.
NATO and Ukraine) cua Yaroslav B i l i n s k y
"' Moroney. sdd. p.22'
J Moroney, sdd. p.52.
&uah sdeh (Tdi oai eda Qlhraiaa. 3 5
dai 148 trang; "Ukraina vd Nga: anh em kinh dich" (Ukraina and Russia: a fraternal rivalry) cua A n a t o l Lieven dai 182 trang va
"Ukraina vd an ninh chdu Au " (Ukraina and European Security) cua D a v i d A l b r i g h t va Semyen Appatov dai 288 trang. Tat ca nhung cuon sach nay deu the hien khuynh hucrng l u o n g cue trong chinh sach doi ngoai cua Ukraina: cure E U va cue Nga. Ban than cac tac gia cung t u chia thanh hai nhom:
nhom ung ho cho chinh sach than E U (dai dien la B i l i n s k y ) va n h o m ung ho cho chinh sach than N g a ( L i e v e n ) . Cuon sach cua Yaroslav B i l i n s k y dua ra hai d u bao: N A T O se ket thuc viec m d rong bang ket nap Ukraina va ba nude vung Baltic va su dung bon nude nay ngan chan anh hudng cua nude Nga. C u n g v d i cac nude Baltic, Ukraina mong muon gia nhap vao N A T O . Trong khi do, B i l i n s k y cho rang phuong Tay muon tang c u d n g an ninh cho Ukraina nhirng chua ket nap nude nay vao N A T O v i nhung m o i quan he an n i n h cua Ukraina v d i Nga (Hiep udc H a m doi bien Den giua Ukraina va Nga). D i e u nay ngam cho thay neu Ukraina m u o n gia nhap N A T O thi can dirt khoat cac m o i quan he quan su v d i Nga.
N g u g c v d i luan diem ung ho Ukraina gia nhap N A T O cua B i l i n s k y , Lieven cho rang Ukraina khong nen gia nhap khoi hiep udc quan su nay. Theo nhan d j n h cua tac gia nay, phuong Tay ung ho cac cai each k i n h te, nen doc lap va toan ven lanh tho cua Ukraina nhirng khong khuyen k h i c h nude nay vao N A T O de bien thanh mot vung dem chong
lai nude N g a5. Lieven dua ra ba dieu kien de Ukraina co the gia nhap N A T O : K h i Nga cung dugc m d i gia nhap N A T O ; K h i Nga t r o thanh mot sieu cudng; V a k h i cai each cua Ukraina bang v d i toe do cua cac nude D o n g A u . Lieven cho rang U k r a i n a va Nga von la mot k h o i lien ket h u u co mang tinh lich sir.
van hoa, chinh t r i . xa h o i ; Ukraina va Nga mang nhieu net chung ve tam l y . ton giao.
ngon ngu. T r o n g khi do, quan he giua Ukraina va chau A u da bi pha v o trong mot thdi gian dai va kho ma han gan ngay. Theo Lieven, neu quan he Ukraina - Nga bi ngan chan thi khong han la co l g i cho Ukraina.
Them vao do, neu U k r a i n a mot muc chi chu trong t d i hoi nhap v d i chau A u thi ban than Ukraina da mat di mot l g i the trong viec ke thua truyen thong hgp tac v d i Nga de tao ra sue manh cho m i n h . Lieven da su dung nhieu tai lieu ve chinh sach doi ngoai t u thdi K r a v c h u k (1991-1994) den thdi K u c h m a (1994-2005) n h u la viec chuyen tir chinh sach than p h u o n g Tay sang than Nga.
D a v i d A l b r i g h t va Semyen Appatov cung xem xet chinh sach doi ngoai cua Ukraina tir hai vecto: chau A u va M y a p h u o n g Tay va N g a d phia D o n g thong qua phan tich chinh sach cua Kravchuk va K u c h m a . H a i tac gia nay cho rang lira chon tot hon ca d o i v d i Ukraina la than v d i phuong Tay ve chinh t r i va than v d i p h u o n g D o n g ve k i n h te. T u y nhien, tac gia phan tich
Anatol Lieven (1999). Ukraina and Russia: a fraternal rivalry. Washington DC: US Institute of Peace Press, p.8.
3 6 NGHIEN CL/U CHAU AU • EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N:0 4 (127
rang neu vay quan he U k r a i n a - N g a se mang tinh gia tao. thieu t i n cay lan nhau. Cuon sach nay cung nhin nhan luc l u o n g than X g a o Ukraina co kha nang gay ra xung dot dan toi kha nang ly khai cua xung Crime va Donbas6. Cuon sach nay danh mot phan t r i n h bay quan he Ukraina-Nga. theo do mot so tac gia cho rang Nga coi viec Ukraina tuyen bo doc lap mang tinh tieu cue va the hien thai do quay lung lai v d i Nga. Cao trao cho phan ung nay la xung dot a Chechnya nam 1994-
1995 sau khi nhieu nuac S N G bao gom ca Ukraina da tir bo lien ket chinh tri-quan su va chi giai han trong quan he k i n h te v o i N g a7.
Nhan dinh ve kha nang gia nhap E U cua Ukraina. tac gia Nancy Popson cho rang:
"Ddi vai chdu Au. Ukraina van cdn co nhieu hem che ve cdc thiet che chinh tri va kinh te (ddc biet la he thong phap ly) va deu cd khoang each rdt xa vdi tieu chudn chdu Au.
Ddc biet. chdu Au cd phan dng tieu cue khi san pham xudt khau chinh cua nude nay lai la nhung thu md cdc nude EU dang du thua nhu ndng san va thep. Cdc quan chuc EU vdn khuyen khich Ukraina hop tdc vd tudn theo cdc chudn muc phap ly. kinh te, ddn chu cua EU nhung bdt chdp nhurig ldi khan cdu
6 David Albright va Sermen Appatov (cb) (1999).
L'kraina and European Security. Basingstoke:
Macmillan. p. 155.
Mac du L'kraina la mpt trong ba quoc gia thanh lap SNG nam 1991 nhung L'kraina sau do da khong phe chuan Hien chuong SNG nen da khong duoc coi la thanh vien cua SNG.
tir Kiev. EU tic choi xem xet ke hoach gia nhap EU cua nude nay
Quan he g i u a U k r a i n a va E U duoc phan tich ky hon trong "EU va Ukraina: hang xdm. ban be hay ddi tdc0" 'The EU and
Ukraine: neighbours, friends, partners, i . A n n Lewis, tac gia cua cuon sach nay nhan xet rang U k r a i n a da som dat quan he v o i EU tir thoi k y U k r a i n a con lung tung trong phat trien noi luc va dinh h u o n g chinh sach doi ngoai. Ban than T o n g thong K u c h m a bi vay ham trong su chong doi cua nhan dan \ i hoai dong yeu k e m cua C h i n h phu. T r o n g k h i dd, K u c h m a cung b i mat t i n n h i e m v d i M y va chau A u do lien quan den trach n h i e m chong toi pham. Mac du U k r a i n a tuyen bo uu tien dinh h u o n g sang chau A u va x i n gia nhap E U . nhung ro rang nude nay cdn xa m d i dap i m g duoc cac yeu cau cua E U ve chinh tri va k i n h te ddi v d i cac nude ting eu xien (Tieu chuan Copenhagen). M d t so van de ma Ukraina gap rac r d i trong quan he v d i EU van la t u do truyen t h d n g hay cac rao can ddi v d i xa h d i dan su da k h i e n U k r a i n a cang them xa r d i cac tieu chuan dan chu cua EU.
mac du U k r a i n a da no luc xay dung khai niem cdng dan v d i n h u n g su khac biet ve toe n g u d i . tdn giao va ngdn ngu. the hien su dung hap n h u n g khac biet ve van hda qudc gia. G i u a U k r a i n a v d i E U van con r h u n s khac biet q u i l d n . dac biet i r o n s sy dieu
5 Nancy Popson (2002;. Where does Europ :J>>
Wilson Quarterly. Vol 26. No 3 (Summer "n i>n
13. ' ~ 'P P'
9 Ann Lewis (2002). The EL ana i n e
neighbours, friends, partners"! London: Th. T a j Trust.
(/Jlitnh sdeJi (tdi (((/oai cda QiUcaiaa. 3 7
hanh luat phap cung n h u vai tro khong ro rang va quyen han cua T o n g thong khien nen dan chu b j v i pham. M o t so lo ngai cho rang he thong day bien dong cua cac dang a Ukraina do chua co mot lien m i n h dang phai du manh da gay ra scandal nhieu han la cung co dien mao chinh t r i . T r o n g k h i do, cac cai each kinh te cua Ukraina lai dugc coi la day hua hen va gay an t u g n g v a i phuong Tay bang viec duy tri tang trudng trong m o i ITnh vuc va k i e m che dugc lam phat. M o i quan tam dugc danh cho nganh nang l u g n g do vai tro quan trgng cua no doi v d i nen kinh te (nhap khau nang l u g n g chiem mot phan l d n trong n g nude ngoai cua Ukraina, trong k h i nen cong nghiep Ukraina dugc coi la tieu phi it nang lugng) va Ukraina con co v j tri quan trong trong viec la n o i trung chuyen dau va k h i dot cho E U .
N a m 2004, khung hoang chinh tri d Ukraina va cuoc each mang Cam da cham dut giai doan cam quyen hon 10 nam cua T o n g thong Kuchma. Thay the ong K u c h m a la Tong thong Yushchenko, ngudi v o n luon the hien chinh sach than phuong Tay va de ra cac cai each trong nude nham ngan chan tham nhung, thuc day t h i trudng tir do, tuyen bo kien tri theo duoi viec gia nhap E U . T u y nhien chau A u lai to ra h d hung. Phan tich cac dong thai ciia E U sau k h i ong Yuschenko len nam quyen, M i c h a e l Meyer nhan xet rang: "EU hoan todn khdng chao ddn L'kraina. EU vdn ludng lu" . Ngay trong
Meyer, M. Ukraine: Stranded between Two World"?
World Policy Journal, Vol.22, No 1 (2005), p. 76.
thang dau tien tai v i , Yuschenko da sang Brussel hai lan, trong do co mot lan tham gia H o i nghi t h u g n g d i n h N A T O ngay 22-23 thang 2 nam 2005. T r o n g phien hop chung v d i Ukraina, T o n g thong M y Bush da v i T o n g thong U k r a i n a v d i T o n g thong Washington, n g u d i da dau tranh v i nhirng gia tri ma ca p h u a n g Tay de cao. N g u g c lai, T o n g thong Phap Jacques Chirac rdi phien hop sdm. T h u t u d n g Due Schoeder g i u i m lang. T h u t u d n g Tay Ban Nha thi bao cao lai la budi hop " k h d n g cd gi hap dan"". N h u n g ddng thai nay dugc Meyer danh gia la
"khdng hay ddi vdi Kiev" . D i e u duy nhat ma E U cd the lam cho Ukraina la coi Ukraina n h u mdt nude lang gieng va dieu nay rd rang khdng dap u n g tham vgng mudn gia nhap W T O va lap " k h u vuc k i n h te t u do" v d i E U cua Ukraina. Theo danh gia cua gidi quan sat E U , Ukraina da dat van de gia nhap E U va N A T O trong boi canh khdng thuan l g i . T r u d c het, day la giai doan E U dang phai vat ldn v d i dot m d rdng ldn nhat trong lich su v d i vice gia nhap cua 10 thanh vien t u D d n g A u . T h d NhT K y cdn dang xep hang chd d a i . T r o n g k h i dd. Ukraina la mdt nude v d i dan sd kha ddng so v d i kich cd E U (gan 50 trieu dan), lai la nude cd nen kinh te ngheo nan, cd the se lai them m d t ganh nang cho E U neu gia nhap. Cac nha lanh dao
"than N g a " cua E U n h u B i , Phap, Due lo ngai rang viec v d i va chieu nap Ukraina cd the gay anh h u d n g tieu cue t d i quan he v d i Nga, dac biet neu U k r a i n a gia nhap N A T O .
Meyer, sdd, tr. 77.
3 8 NGHIEN CU"U CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N ° 0 4 (127).2011
T h u t u o n g L u x e m b o u r g , k h i do la C h u t i c h Luan phien E U da n o i trong tuyen bo thang 12/2005 cua ong: "Tdi hien chua chdp nhan nguyen vong xin tra thanh thanh vien EU ciia Ukraina "I 2.
Trong k h i do, m o i quan he giua U k r a i n a v a i N g a sau nam 2004 van khong on dinh.
M o t mat, N g a van nam g i u viec k i e m soat Sevastopol do lien quan den H a m doi bien Den, va tiep tuc dat cac d u a n g ong dan dau qua Ukraina de t a i chau A u . N g a va Ukraina van dugc coi la rang buoc nhau nhieu ve kinh te, chua noi den cac m o i lien he lich su.
van hoa, toe n g u a i gan bo giua hai ben. M a t khac, viec U k r a i n m o n g m u o n thoat k h o i anh huong cua N g a va g i u d i n h h u o n g than phuong Tay khien nhieu n g u d i lo ngai cho su dung dan cua chien luge doi ngoai cua quoc gia m d i gianh doc lap nay.
Trong bai bao gan day, Tamerlan Vahabov da x e m xet yeu to Ukraina trong cuoc chai giua cac c u d n g quoc M y , E U va Nga. Tac gia nay cho rang M y da bo qua hai yeu to quan trgng m a U k r a i n a rat can la dam bao an n i n h quoc phong va an n i n h nang luong, dieu ma tren thuc te Ukraina lai phu thuoc nhieu vao Nga. N g a y 6-6-2010, Quoc hoi Ukraina phe chuan nghi quyet "Nhirng ddm bdo thuc te giu cho Ukraina khdng cd hat nhdn"13. N g a y 24-4-2010, U y ban C h i n h sach D o i ngoai va A n n i n h , m o t to chuc p h i
1 2 Dan theo Meyer, sdd, tr.77.
1 3 Kyiv post Parliament proposes drafting international documents to strengthen security assuarances to Ukraine Interfax, http://www.kyivpost.com
chinh phu dat tai U k r a i n a , to chuc h o i thao
"Dien dan An ninh quoc te: Tit an ninh cua Ukraina tdi an ninh chdu Au: nhirng thach thuc ciia the ky> XXI" d L v o v . T d i d u dien dan co cac t r i thuc, dai bieu Quoc hoi Ukraina, va cac to chuc. C h u de chinh dugc ban t d i tren dien dan la chinh sach khong lien ket cua U k r a i n a . N h i e u chuyen gia cho rang U k r a i n a k h o n g can thiet phai gap rut trd thanh thanh v i e n N A T O ma can xay dung mdt quan d i e m m d i ve an n i n h qudc g i a1 4. Cac dai bieu cam ket se de xuat quan diem m d i nay va trinh len T d n g thdng Y a n u k o v i c h . Sau k h i Y a n u k o v i c h len nam g i u c u o n g v i T d n g thdng Ukraina nam 2010, Ukraina da tuyen bd thai dd trung hda ddi v d i cac thiet che an n i n h trong k h u vuc nhu N A T O va C S T O . Y a n u k o v i c h d u d n g nhu dang cd gang g i u vai t r d can bang giua M y va N g a trong c h i n h sach ddi ngoai cua minh.
T r o n g h d i nghi t h u g n g d i n h ve nang lugng hat nhan d W a s h i n g t o n thang 4 nam 2010, Ukraina tuyen bd hg se pha bd cac kho hat nhan v d i uran da l a m giau. Sau k h i trung cu T d n g thdng, chuyen cdng du nude ngoai dau tien ma Y a n u k o v i c h thuc hien la v i i n g tham Brussel c h u k h d n g phai t d i M o s k v a nhu nhieu n g u d i m o n g d o i . T u y nhien, sau dd Ukraina da k y lai hiep d i n h v d i N g a v l keo dai t h d i han cho thue cang Sevastopol tdi nam 2042 cho H a m d d i bien Den. Quoc hdi U k r a i n a cung da nhanh chdng thdng qua hiep
14 International Security Forum Resolution Adopted,
Council for Foreign and Security Policy.
http://www.cfsp.org.Ua/en/about-cfsp/91 -2010-06-00- 34-01
Qltiuli sdcJt (tdi ac/aui cuu (Jlkruiuu...
dinh nay, tham chi v i pham nguyen tac phe chuan k h i dua ten m o t so n g u d i vang mat vao danh sach bo phieu de dat duoc dong t h u a n1 5. Theo c u u B o t r u d n g Bo N g o a i giao Boris Tarasyuk, U k r a i n a van dang doi mat v d i van de phan cue chinh t r i va d j n h hudng doi ngoai cua ho phu thuoc vao ai se la sieu cudng the g i d i . V o l o d i m y r O h r y z k o , mot cuu Bo t r u d n g N g o a i giao khac cho rang, neu Ukraina d i theo h u d n g khong lien ket thi se la mot ganh nang tai chinh v d i nude nay v i phai co nguon tai chinh dam bao an n i n h quoc phong doc lap. D o vay, cho den nay, u u tien chinh sach doi ngoai cua Ukraina van chua han da duoc d i n h h i n h ro ret va van xoay x u n g quanh M y , E U , Nga. Khoang each dia ly k h o n g cho phep M y xac lap mot vi t r i chu chdt trong doi ngoai v d i Ukraina, E U hien dang gap khung hoang v d i cac van de noi K h o i , N g a lai dang hien len v d i vai tro ngay cang dugc cung co trong k h u vuc. Dac biet, quan he M y - N g a dang len ke tir k h i N g a va M y k y dugc Hiep udc giai t r u V u k h i chien luge, N g a cho phep M y su dung lanh tho lam ban dap cho cac canh quan vao Afganistan, N g a tang cudng sue ep v d i Iran ve van de hat nhan khien cho "thach thiec chinh ciia Obama se cd khd ndng chuyen thanh hap tdc ben virng do su nhugng bp ciia Nga .
'' Dead Souls voted for Yanukoviclt/Medvedev pact, Pravda
http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2010/04/27/4977472
1 6 Vahabov Tamerlan. Ukraine: A Challenge for US, EU & NATO Regional Policy. Caucasian Review of International Affairs, Columbia University. Vol 4 (Si- Summer 2010, p. 298.
3 9
D o i v d i van de an n i n h nang l u g n g , ngay 22-4-2010, T o n g thong N g a va Ukraina da k y Hiep udc K h a r k o v ve viec gia han cho N g a thue cang Sevastopol den nam 2042 va mot hiep udc d o i lai ve viec N g a giam 3 0 % gia k h i dot cho U k r a i n a . V i e c M y va chau A u k h o n g dau t u vao k i n h te Ukraina va sir phu thuoc cua nude nay ve nang l u g n g doi v d i N g a l a m cho U k r a i n a phai x e m lai u u tien d i n h h u d n g p h u o n g Tay trong chinh sach doi ngoai cua m i n h . T u y nhien theo binh luan cua cac chuyen gia, d u d n g n h u Ukraina van phai c h i u thiet trong Hiep udc nay v i gia gaz ma N g a danh cho Ukraina la 230 d d l a / m3, t u o n g d u o n g v d i gia gaz ma E U dugc hud ng, mac d u E U chang he phai nhugng bo N g a trong van de quan trong n h u Sevastopol1 7.
Ukraina hien dang rat can dau t u cua M y va E U vao viec hien dai hoa he thong khai thac va cung cap nang l u g n g de khong con phai p h u thuoc vao Nga. T r o n g k h i do, he thong nang l u g n g , phan p h d i k h i dot va xuat khau k h i dot cua U k r a i n a hien do cong ty nha nude quan l y la chu yeu (Naftohaz U k r a i n i n y ) . C o n g ty nay cung quan ly he thong d u d n g 6ng d i n cua N g a qua Ukraina.
Theo tuyen bd cua Brussel ngay 23-3-2009 ve hien dai hoa he thdng d i n k h i ddt cua Ukraina, he thdng nay phai dugc phan chia l a m nhidu bg phan mang t i n h t u hach toan, m d i bd phan phai c h i u trach n h i e m ve chuyen m d n cua m i n h . Quan d i e m cua E U la tai co cau va td chirc lai N a f t o h a z se giup
17 Vahabov, sdd, p. 301.
4 0 NGHIEN CLHJ CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N ° 0 4 (127). 11
quan ly va giam sat de dang han. hieu qua va m i n h bach hon. V a nhir vay cung la de giam sat Hiep uac K h a r k o v k y giua Ukraina va Nga. Day cung la dieu k i e n de E U co the dau t u vao cong ty nay. Theo tuyen bo Brussel.
Ukraina da dua ra mot vai cam ket ve chinh sach m i n h bach va cong khai doi v d i cac nha dau t u vao he thong dan k h i dot. Ukraina ciing phai chiu trach nhiem thong bao cac thong tin ve ky thuat va tai chinh doi v a i cac nha dau t u .
V a i nhung hiia hen tir phia E U . cac chuyen gia van cho rang Ukraina can thirc thi mot chinh sach thong m i n h trong quan he v a i Nga. Ban than E U va N g a hien cung co nhieu rang buoc v a i nhau ve k i n h te. do do:
"Ukraina cdn hpi nhap vdi EU nhung vein phai duy tri cpian he dn dinh vdi Nga. Dieu nay Idm tdng them hinh anh cua Ukraina Id mpt ddi tdc ndng luong vd thuong mai ddng
- -is tin cay
Co the de dang nhan thay rang hien nay Ukraina van dang lung tung trong viec xac dinh uu tien trong chinh sach doi ngoai va van dang t i m k i e m cho m i n h mot "diem tua"
v u n g chac ve an n i n h quoc phong va an ninh nang lugng. T r o n g b o i canh n h u vay. chau A hien van chua phai la mot hudng uu tien trong chinh sach cua Ukraina. T u y nhien.
trudc de xuat gan day cho rang Ukraina nen phat trien chinh sach trung lap thay bang dua dam vao cac cudng qudc. trong thdi gian t d i . Ukraina se da dang hda cac m d i quan he
nham cung cd han nua hinh anh eua m i n h tren the g i d i .
T a i lieu t h a m k h a o
1. Yaroslav B i l i n s k y (1999). Endgame in NATO's enlargement: the Baltic Stales.
NATO and Ukraine. L o n d o n . Westport, CT:
Praeger.
2. A n a t o l L i e v e n (1999). l'kraina and Russia: a fraternal rivalry. Washington DC:
US Institute o f Peace Press.
3. D a v i d A l b r i g h t va Semyen Appatov (cb) (1999). Ukraina and European Security.
Basingstoke: M a c m i l l a n .
4. Nancy Popson (2002). Where does Europe end? The W i l s o n Quarterly. V o l 26.
N o 3 (Summer 2002). pp. 13-19.
5. A n n L e w i s (2002). The EU and Ukraine: neighbours, friends, partners'1 London: The Federal Trust. 319 p.
6. Meyer. M . (2005). Ukraine: Stranded between Two World9 W o r l d Policy Journal.
V o l . 22. N o 1.
7. M o r o n e y . J.D.P. K u z i o T &
M o l c h a n o v (2002). Ukrainian Foreign and Security Policy: Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives. Praeeer.
Westport. C T . and L o n d o n . 298 pp.
8. Vahabov Tamerlan (2010). Ukraine:
A Challenge for US. EU & NATO Regional Policy. Caucasian Review o f International A f f a i r s . C o l u m b i a U n i v e r s i t y . V o l 4 (3)- Summer 2010.
Vahabov. sdd. tr. 303
