CHUONGTRINH NGHIlN CtfU CCiA D l TAI KHOA HOC cAp NHA NtfdC MA Sd KX.02/11-15
THUC HIEN CHINH SACH AN SINH XA HOI
DOI Vdl DONG BAO DAN TOC THIEU SO KHU VUC TAY NGUYEN
NCS. NGUYEN THI LINH GIANG*
K
hu vuc Tiy Nguyfin hien cfl gfa 5,5 trieu ngufli vol 47 din tflc, trong do cd 46 din tOc thifiu sd (DTTS) vdi 1,974 ttieu ngudi (chifim 36%). Cic din tOc sdng dnto kfit, dan xen nhau tten dia bfa 7.824 tiidn, budn, td dan phd (2.764 budn, bon, lang dflng bio DTTS) vdi 727 d m vi hfah chuih xi, phutog, thi trfa (603 xi, 77 phutog, 47 thi trfa), 61 don vi hfah chito cip huyfln, thtah phd, thi xi.Do difim xuit phat thip va dieu kien ty nlufin, dia hito tofin ndi hiflm trd, dit dai rflng Ito, hi chia cit phin tfa, giao thdng di Iai khd khin; phin Ifa ddng bao DTTS sinh sdng tai cic dia bta vung siu, vung xa, vung bifin gidi, trito dfl sta xuat, khi ntag nim bit cic tifin bfl khoa hpc - ky thugt cfin ban chfi, nfin toin chung, dfli stag cua ddng bap DTTS cdn gap nhifiu khd khta.
1. Thyc hiOn mOt sd chfto sich an sito xihOi dTiy Nguyfin
Trong tifin trinh ddi mdi dit nudc (flifag 12/1986), die bigt tunim 2001 dfin nay, Dfag vi Nhi nufa ta da ban h i t o vi td chdc trifin khai nhiflu chuong ttinh, chinh sich, dy fa dau tu cho vtog dfa tpc, mifin nui trpng phit trifln kito tfi - xi hfii, bio dim qudc phdng - an nito, xiy dtog he thdng chinh tri. Dia ban vung Tay Nguyen cung tou cic vung khic cua ca nufa d i vi dang duoc hirfag 13 todm
chito sach dfa tdc vi mifin nui. Then dd, Tinh uy, Hdi ddng nhin dfa, Uy ban nhfa din cic tinh Tay Nguyen cung kip thdi ban h i t o cac nghi quyflt, quyfit dinh, chi thi, chuong trinh hinh dOng, kfi hogch thyc hifln cdng tic dfa tflc tgi dia phucmg.
- Tbgc hiin chlnh sich dinh canh, dinb cu. Chinh sich ho trp di dta thuc hien dinh canh, dinh cu cho ddng bio DTTS nhim tao difiu klen cho hp cd noi d dn dinh, cd dd diflu kifln phit trifin sin xuat, ntag cao dfli sdng vit chat vi tinb thta, xda ddi, giim ngheo; gdp phin bao ve rtog, bio vfl mfli trutog sinh thii va giu vtog an ninh - chinh tri, trat tu - an tofa xi bfli cic dia phuong.
Theo dfah gia cua cic tinh vi qua tdng hpp eda Ban Chi dap Tiy Nguyfln, chi rifing ttpng giai doan 2000 - 2005, ngfa sach toa nirfa da diu tu ban 195 ty ddng dfi thuc bien cac dy i n dinh canh, dinh cu cho vung ddng bio DTTS Tiy Nguyen. Nhd viy, Tiy Nguyfin d i ed hon 160.440 hd, vdi 913.185 nhin khau co bfa hoin thato cdng tic dinh cato, dinh cu (82,7% so hd dflng bio DTTS thudc difln dinh cato, dinh cu), chifim 71,3% so vol tdng sd bd ddng bin DTTS tai chd, ttong dd 51,5% sd hd da dinh canh, dinh cu vtog chic, ddi
* Hoc vifin Chinh tri khu vvc III TAP CHl Q U A N Lf NHA NUdC - Sd 238 (11/2015)
CHUONGTRINH NGHIlN CtfU CtfAOgTAl KHOA HOC cAp NHA NtfOC MA sd KX.02/11-1S sdng va sta xuit cda ddng bio cd toifiu
ttfin bO dtag kfi, sd hd ngheo ngiy cing giam. Ddng thdi, thuc hifin dy ta bd tii, dn dito dta di cu ty do cho ddng bio DTTS di cu tu mdt sd tito tofin ndi phia Bic dfin Tiy Nguyfin. Giai dota 2005 - 2013, cic tmli Tiy Nguyen daxiydrngphfl duygt va thyc hien 37 dy ta vdi tdng mdc vdn la 1.930 ty dflng, dfin nay da dn dito dupc 13.968 hd; cdn 21 dy ta dtog thuc hien vdi tdng vdn duygt 1.151 tyddng...
- Tbgc biin chlnh sach hd trg dit a, dit sin xuit, nha dva nudc sinh boat cho ddng bao DTTS. Xuit phit td tito hmh thyc tfi vfi tou ciu dit d, dit sfa xuat, n h i d vi nufa smh hnat cua ddng bio DTTS, bfl nghfio cd dfli sdng khd khfa, dflng thfli, nhim thyc hien chinh sich dito cato, dinh cu cua Nhi nufa theo Chuong trito 132,134,1592 vi Dfi fa 755 cda Thu tiitog Chito phu, cic dia phuong da nhanh chdng tliito lip ban chi dao, bto giim sit, td giup viec, chi dgo khio sit, trifln khai tip huta, quta tri6t ndi dung, muc dich, ydu ciu cip bich vi flufit thuc cda cac chuang trito, td chdc thyc hien viflc kfl khai lip hd so hfl gia dinh, bito xet tai thdn, budn..., dgt nhiflu kfit qui khi quan, tou: ho trp 639 ha dat d chp 15.470 hfi vi vi 34.926 ha dat sta xuit chp 70.934 hfl; hfl ttp lim mdi, sda chua 58.249 cin nha, cip nudc sinh boat cho h m 78.000 hO; xiy dyng 1.552 cfing ttito nufa sinh boat tip tnmg; giao khota flu diflm 116.470 lia rimg cho 7.320 hfl thifiu dat sfa xuit...
- Hd o-gnbi 6 cho ho ga dmh nghio.
Cac dia phuong vtog Tiy Nguyfln da thyc hien chinh sich hd tto vfi toi d cho khotag 500.000 hp nghep cfl khfl khta vi toi d tai khu vuc nfing flifin. Vfii 43.290 hO thufic dien ddi tupng dugc hfl trp, trong dd 31.425 hO ngheo la dfing bao DTTS. Dfin
nim 2012, tota vtog da hota t h i t o hd ttp 42.332 cta toa, dgt ty 16 103% so vdi sd bO theo dfl ta ban dau, dat ty 16 98% so vdi sd kfi hogch thuc tfi diflu cliiiih. Tdng vdn huy dflng cho chuong trito ia 12.589 ty ddng, ttong dd vdn huy ddng tgi khu vyc Tiy Nguyfin khotag 958 ty dflng. Chito sich niy da gidp dfing bao cic tmh Tiy Nguyen cd nha d dn dito, yen tim lao dflng sto xuit, phit ttien kito tfi, t t a g budc ning cao mdc sdng, gdp phta thyc hign muc tieu xda ddi, giam n ^ e o , bio dim an smh xi hpi.
- ITiuc biin chinh sich phit triin kinh ti - xi hdi vung die biet khd khin, vung biin gdi (Chirang trinh 135} va chinh sich an sinh xi hdi (ASXH). Chuong ttito 135 da ttii qua 3 giai dogn (I, II, III) vdi tdng vdn tnmg uong diu tu cho cic tito Tiy Nguyfln li 3.835.589 trifiu ddng. Dfin nay, tota vtog d i diu tu xiy d m g 19.226 cdng trito ha ting cic logi (giao thdng, ciu cdng, thdy lgi, tnifag bpc, phdng bpc, chp, tram y tfi, nhi cflng ddng, dien, cdng trito cung cap nirfa sach, toa cdng vy, toi d cho giio vidn...); 72 tnmg tam cum xi; gta 100% sd xa cd trutog tifiu hpc, 80% sd xi cfl tnrfag trang hpc CO sd kien cd; trfln 90% xi ed trgm buu dien vta hda xi; gta 70% xi cd tram trayfin thato; 100% sd xi cfl dufag giao thflng nflng thdn dfin trung tam xa;
245 cdng trito thdy lpi bap dim ntag luc tudi tifiu cho ttfln 7.000 ha ciy trdng cic logi. Vdi 141 cdng trito difln sinh boat dupcdiutudintagtylflsdxacddiOnludi qufic gia len 97 xa.
Ben cgto dd, cic tuih Tiy Nguyfln da bfl trp kito phi cho 330.481 hpc sinh cnn hO nghen cac bic hpc; td chdc 2.080 lupt sinh hpgt cau iac bd trp giup phip ly vi 13.055 lupt td chfa cac hogt dOng vta hda thdng to.
TAP CHl Q U A N Lf N H A NUdc - Sd 238 (11 /2015)
CHUONG TRlNH NGHIlN Ctfu CUA D l TAI KHOA HOC cAP N H A NtfdC MA Sd KX.02/11-15
-Thgc bign chuong trinh tin dung dgc thu cho ddng bio DTTS, vungngieo, vung khd khin tgi Tiy Nguyin. Nhiflu chuong tiito tin dtog dfa fliu cho dflng bio DTTS d i dupc xay dtog, nhu: cha vay huyen ngheo (tinb dfin ngiy 31/12/2013, du np dat 45.476 trigu ddng vdi 687 khach btag cdn du no); cho vay hO cta nghfio (dfin ngiy 30/4/2014, du np cho vay dat 611.945 tiiOu ddng, chifim 5,9% tdng du np cda chuang trinh, vdi 29.546 khich htag cdn du np); chp vay bO ddng bao DTTS dgc bigt khd khfa (dfin ngiy 30/4/2014, du no cho vay dgt 74.449 trifiu ddng, vfli 14.415 khich hing cdn du np); cho vay mua nhi tri cbjm dkhu vyc Tiy Nguyfin (cho vay 2.190 hfl mua nhi vdi sdtifl'n 15.330 triflu dfing)...
- Vi chinh sich gao rdng, khoin bio vi rung cho hd gia dinh va cdng ddng trong budn ling la ddng bao DTTS tgi chda Tay Nguyin. Giai dogn 2006 - 2011, cic tinh Tiy Nguyfin di giao vi khoin bio vg rtog vdi tdng diOn tich 116.470 ha cho 7.208 hfl.
Ngin sich trung uong bfl trp chp cic tinh Tiy Nguyfln ii 72.058 trieu ddng vi 449 tin ggp dfi thyc hiOn hd try cho cic bfl toin khota bio vfl rtog. Chinh sich nay di gdp phta giii quyfit tinh trgng thifiu dit sfa xuit, ting thfim thu nhip cho ddng bio.
Mit khic, giao dit, giao rmg cho ddng bao DTTS theo chumg trinh thi diflm gidp cho ddng bao lam quen vdi ky thugt lim sito, ngirdi dta cd sito kfi gta vdi trdng, cham sdc vi bio vfl rmg.
- Thtrc biin Chirong trinh xay dung ndng thdn mdi. Cic tinh Tiy Nguyen da huy dOng dupc 46.279 ty dflng, trong dd vdn ngta sich 25,54%; vdn tota dta ddng gdp 19,29%; vdn to dyng va doato nghiflp 55,17%. Dfin thfag 4/2014, budi qufa cac xi khu vyc Tiy Nguyfin dgt 7,3 tieu chi (tfag 3,36 tiflu chi). Bito qufa ci nufa dat
8,49 tieu chi (ttag 3,2 ti6u chi). Sdxi dat 19 ti6u clu cda vung Tiy Nguyen li 13 xi (2,2%). Dfin nay, vtogTay Nguyen cdn 137 xi (tyle 22,9%) dat dufii 5 tiflu chL
2. Nhiing hgn chfi vi mOt sd giii phip ntag cao higu qui thyc thi chfnh sich ASXH dTiy Nguyfin
Bfin cgto totog kfit qua dgt dugc, trong thuc hign chinh sicli ASXH d Tay Nguyfin cfln mOt sd ban chfl sau:
- He thdng chinh sich vfi phat trifin kito tfi - xa bfli vung ddng bio DTTS cdn mang tinh nhiem ky, thdi gian thuc hign ngta, thifiu tito chifln Iupc liu dii. Mfit sfl chinh sich cfin chdng cheo vfl ddi tumg, dia b t a thu humg. Hiu hfit cic chito sich mang tinh hfi ttp, do vay, hieu qua cua chito sich chua that su bfl'n vtog.
- Vific xiy dtog mflt sd chinh sich chua dya trfln co sd khoa hpc, thifiu difiu tra thyc tfi, khflng phu hpp vdi dia b t a vung d t a tflc va mifin nui. Cd chinh sich dinh mdc ha trp thap khflng thyc hien dupc hofc kem hieu qui nhtmg cham dupc sda ddi, bd sung.
- Cdng tic difl'u tra, ra spat, xic dito va tdng hpp ddi tumg thy hufag chinh sach chtaii ed npi thifiu chinh xac, thifiu mito bgch, khdng cdng khai, thim chi sai hoic bo sdt doi tutog, dta dfin mflt sfl ddi tumg thy hirfag khflng dung theo tieu chi quy dito.
- Sy phdi hpp cda cic bfl, ngato ttpng cflng tic cU dao trien khai, thyc hign chito sach chua chat che; cdng tic kifim tta, theo ddi khdng thutog xuyfin, chua cd sy tip trung, thdng toat dfi kip thdi than gd khd khta, vutog mic. Viec d i t o gii ddi vdi cac chito sich khi kflt thdc t m g giai doan chua dupc chu ttpng. Nliieu chfto sich khi hfit hifiu lyc vta khdng dgt muc tieu do
TAP CHl Q U A N Lf NHA NtfdC - Sd 238 (11 /2015)
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CHtfONG TRlNH NGHIlN ctfu C O A D I T A I KHOA HOC CAP NHA NUdc MA SdKX.02/n-15 ngudn vfin trung uong cip khdng du,
khdng bao dam cho vigc trifin khai.
- Trito do, ntag Ifa thyc tifin cda mdt bfl phfa cta bp, dtag vien cdn ban chfi vi chua ddng dfiu. Ty 16 cfa bO chuyfin ttach cip xi chua qua cac chuong tiito dao tgo cfin cao (khofag 62,1%). Cong tic quy hogch, tao ngudn, sd dmg ddi ngfl cfa bfl DTTS nhidu noi chua dap m g dupc y6u ciu trufa mit ctog tou dpi vdi vide xiy dmg dpi ngfl kfi cfa lau dii.
- Hg tfag phuc vu phit trifln sta xuit vung ndng thdn, mifin nui cfin toi6'u yfiu kem, khfing dfing bO, chua dap tog yeu ciu phat trien sin xuit vi ddi sdng cua ngufii dta. Ha ttog xi hpi chua dip tog nliu can hpc tip, khim, chfla benh, vui chni giii tri cda nhfa dfa, die bigt ia vung siu, vtog xa. Viec tifip cfa cic dich vu y tfi, giip due ctog tou CO hOi vific lim cho lao dpng nflng thfln cnn thip, nhit li ddng bip DTTS.
Ttiroc thyc ttang ttfln, dfl nfag cap bleu qui thuc thi chinh sich AS5CH d Tay Nguy6n, cta tap trang vin mpt sd giii phap sau:
Mfit ia, ntag cao nhin thdc, trich nhigm cua he thdng chito tri cac cap, cic ngato vi tota thfl xi hOi v6 vi tti, toiem vu cda cdng tic dta tOc ttong tinh hito mdi, die biet ddi vdi viec thyc hien cic chinh sich dinh cato, dito cu va giai quyfit dat d, dat sfa xufit, nha d vi nufa sinh boat cho ngufli dfa Tiy Nguyfin. Qufa trigt va thuc bifin tdt chito sich dfa tOc cua Dfag, coi day la toiem vy thutog xuyen vi quan ttpng cda cic cap dy, td chdc dtag, chito quyen. Mat ttfa Td qudc, dpta the td tiimg umg dfin dia phumg. Tuyfin trayfin phd bifin siu rflng cic chu tiuong, chito sich dta tOc, chito sach phit trifin kito tfi - xa hpi vtog dta tflc va tofin ndi cda Dtag va
Nha nufa cho cta bfl, dfag vien va tofa dta, toat ia dong bio DTTS.
Hai la, coi trpng va ntag cao chit lumg, higu qua ve cflng tic td chdc, chi dgo thitc bifln chito sach d t a tdc, thifit lip CO chfi thyc hien chito sich pbu hpp. Tag difl'u kien cbd dOng cho cic cip uy, chinh quyfin dia phirong trong vigc tham gia hogch dito chinb sach vi thuc thi chinh sich. Chd ttpng cflng tic kiflm tta, giim sit viec thyc liien chfto sach.
Ba la, huy dflng cic ngudn luc chp dau tu, phat trifin, gidp dd vung dta tpc va mifin ndi. Uu Ufin diu tu chn xda ddi, giim nghep, phat trifin kinh tfi - xa hOi, giii quyflt tomg khd khta cda ddng bio vtag dta tdc vi tofin niii. Thyc hien nghifim tile viflc cflng khai hda cic chito sich, chirong trinh, du ta, vdn dfa tu...; phta cap manh cho CO sd trong viec quin ly thuc bien chito sich, phat huy tinh dta chd, tgo difiu kifin cho ngudi dta dugc tham gia tfl chdc trifin khai va giam sit qua trito thuc hi6n. Diy mato tog dmg tifin bfl khoa hpc va cflng nghe d vtag dto tOc vi tofin nui.
Day m a t o cflng tic xda ddi, giim ngheo, ntag cao mdc sflng cua ddng bio DTTS, trpng tam Ii ddng bio d vung cao, vung siu, vung xa. Trufa mit, tap trung ttg gidp dflng bao nghfio, vdng die biet khd khin giai quyfit ngay nhtog vfa dfi cip thifit, toir tito trgng thifiu luong thfa, thifiu nufa sito hogt, toi d tgm bp, khdng dd tu Ueu sta xuit...; xiy d m g kfit ciu hg ting khu vyc bifln gifli, vtog siu, vmg xa, vung dac biet khd khta.
Thflng qua cac chlnh sich, bifin phip cu the, dflng vien dflng bio cac din tOc phit huy nfli ifa, y chi tu lyc ty cumg, tinh thin vuon ien ttpng su nghiep phit trifin kmh tfi - xa hfli, xay dtog cuflc snng ngiy ctag im no, hgto phucO
TAP CHl Q U A N Lf NHA NUdC - Sd 238 (11/2015)
